01 名词考查重点及应对策略
【考点精析】
一、可数名词的数
考点1 可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数形式时,一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:
构成方法 例词
map→maps, sea→seas
一般在词尾加-s
girl→girls, day→days
class→classes,
以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除
box→boxes,watch→watches,
外)
dish→dishes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名 country→countries
变-y为-i, 再加-es
词 factory→factories
以元音字母+-y结尾的名 holiday→holidays
在词尾直接+-s
词 monkey→monkeys
piano→pianos
一般在词尾加-s
photo→photos
以-o结尾的名词
hero→heroes
有些在词尾加-es
potato→potatoes
变-f或-fe
leaf→leaves, knife→knives,
wife→wives, wolf→wolves
以-f或-fe 为-v, 再加-es
结尾的名词 belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs,
直接加-s proof→proofs, roof→roofs,
safe→safes
考点2可数名词变复数的不规则变化
可数名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:
构成方法 例词
child→children,
增加字母
ox→oxen
man→men,
woman→women,
改变名词中的元音字
foot→feet,
母或变为其他形式
goose→geese,
mouse→mice
续表
构成方法 例词
单复数同形 sheep,deer, series, means, fish
American→Americans,
表 示
加-s
“某
German→Germans国 单复数同形 Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
人 ”
的 以-man或-woman结尾的, 将-man和-
Englishman→Englishmen
woman分别改为-men, -women
名词
二、不可数名词
考点1不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式, 也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有: fun, baggage, change(零
钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic 等。
(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:
①用some, much, a little, a lot of, a bit of, plenty of 等表示多少。
注意: 既可以与可数名词复数, 又可以与不可数名词连用的有: plenty of, some, a lot of, lots of, most of等。
②用单位词表示, 用a...of表示。
如:a cup of tea, a piece of paper。
考点2不可数名词与可数名词的转化
(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:
※The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.
土豆是一种蔬菜, 不是水果。
※My doctor told me to avoid fatty foods such as bacon or hamburgers.
我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物, 如培根或汉堡包。
(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示: 当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时, 某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,
但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:
※A heavy snow was falling.
当时正下着一场大雪。
※A fine rain began to fall.
开始下起一阵小雨。
另外, 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等, 可以用a(n)或数词修饰, 也有复数形式。如:
※Two teas and a coffee, please.
请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。
※I ordered two coffees and an ice-cream.
我点了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。
(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词, 但意思不同。如: work工作, a work一部著作; glass玻璃, a
glass一个玻璃杯; wood木头, a wood一片树林; room空间, a room一间房间; paper纸, a paper 一份试卷(文
件、 报纸等) 等。
考点3抽象名词具体化类型(1)表示情感、情绪的词, 强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括
为如下11个字: 惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(pride)、慰(comfort)、险(danger)、助
(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:
※The new method has finally proved to be a success.
新方法最终证明是成功的。
类型(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念, 常与动词连用构成短语, 名词前常有形容词
修饰。如: have a good time, have a wonderful supper, have a good knowledge/understanding of, have a
population of, cover an area of, reach a height of等。
三、名词所有格
考点1:表示有生命名词的所有格时, 在词尾加“‘s”。如:the boy’s bag, men’s rooms;若名词已有复数词尾
s, 只加“‘”。如:the teachers’ reading room;此外, 表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、
城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“‘s”来表示所属关系, 意为“……的”。如:a ten minutes’ walk,
a twenty miles’ journey, two tons’ weight, fifty dollars’ worth。
考点2:如果两个名词并列, 且分别加“‘s”, 则表示“分别有……”; 若只有后一个名词加“‘s”, 则表示
两个“共有”。如:John’s and Mary’s rooms (两间); John and Mary’s room (一间)。
考点3:of属格: 无生命名词的所有格用 of结构。如:a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our
country, the colour of the flowers。
考点4:省略格: 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时, 名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。
如:at the doctor’s在诊所; at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
考点5:双重所有格: of+名词“‘s”结构。如:a friend of my brother’s, works of Mo Yan’s。
名词所有格用法口诀: 名词所有格, 表物是“谁的”, 若为生命词, 加’s 即可行, 词尾有 s, 仅把逗号择;
并列名词后, 各自和共有, 前者分别加, 后者最后加; 若为无生命词, of所有格, 前后须倒置, 此是硬规则。
注意：如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格, 这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同, “A of B”要翻译为
“B的A”。
特别提示：
语法填空题名词考法
1.根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2.根据规则确定名词单复数
(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。
【真题演练】
1.(2020·江苏高考)They tested the ____________(men) fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and
took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
2.(2021·全国乙卷)____________(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim
to have a low impact on the natural environment.
3.(2022·浙江高考)John Olson, a former ____________(photograph), and his team render paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
4.(2022·浙江高考)Good ____________ (manage), like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
5.(2021·新高考 I 卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
____________(human) are.
6.(2021·浙江高考)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their
____________(marry)ceremony in 1842.
7.(2022· 新 高 考 Ⅰ 卷 ) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
____________(population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the
wild.
8.(2021· 全 国 甲 卷 )Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and
____________(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
9.(2022·浙江高考)For Luc, this means ____________ (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and to
form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
10.(2022·北京高考)More takeout and more food ____________ (deliver) equal more waste, especially plastic
waste.
11.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A company ____________(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching
over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【考点精练】
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. There are two (code) for London.
2. The graduates may have (problem) in finding a job.
3. We must stop hurting wild animals because there’s no (win) after the shot.
4. The old woman can often buy things with lower price in his store because she is a popular(custom).
5. The (contribute) he made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagers
and they treated him one of them.
6. The crowd in the room seemed full of curiosity. They expressed their (eager) to hear me sing.
7. What is the (motivate) behind the sudden change?
8. The boss gave his (approve) to the suggestion put forward at the meeting.
9. The race organizers are trying to attract (sponsor).
10. She went to live abroad after the break-up of her (marry).
11. Those who love nature are more likely to make (contribute) to wildlife preservation.
12. It is important to pay your (electric) bill on time.
13. The music of this new band is an odd (combine) of rock and opera.
14. The children had an (argue) about what game to play, but they didn’t reach an agreement.
15. The visit took place in tight （secure）.
16. The soldiers were finally sent to (safe) by the nurses.
17. We Chinese students put on quite a few (perform) featuring Chinese cultures, including martial arts,
calligraphy and so on.
18. The waste water will cause the pollution and the (destroy) of our seas and oceans.
19. Through this (intervene), the truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
by waste.
20. They said that they could satisfy our (demand) whatever we needed.
21. The fish can grow to a (long) of four feet.
22. One day they had a heated (argue) about where to spend their summer holiday.
23. Sports stars like those in NBA contribute to the national (economic) by benefiting the sports industry
as well as the advertising industry.
24. In modern times, teenagers have a (prefer) for popular music, which has something to do
with the age characteristic and time background.
25. Although reading English news every day will take up some of my time, I feel that it will be
(benefit) to improving my English.
26. We have been in (correspond)for months.
27. The activity aims to raise (aware) of the dangers of passive smoking.
28. When learning his friend had moved to a (slight) larger house, he wandered around, depressed
and full of (anxious).29. I think I have met your company’s requirements, really hoping you could take a serious consideration of my
(apply) for the job.
30. To make members of a team perform better, the coach first of all has to know their (strength) and
weaknesses.
二、完成句子
31. , the boy jumped for joy.
听到这个令人激动的消息，小男孩高兴地跳了起来。
32. The plant releases from the leaves that are being eaten.
植物从正在被吃的叶子上释放少量的化学物质。
33. The teenager has a lot of interesting novels . (other than)
除了这本书，这个少年还有许多有趣的小说。
34. 他救起了一名落水儿童。
He drowning.
35. They fought a long battle against .
他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。
36. 当您申请工作时，您需要考虑以下因素。
When you for a job, you need to consider the following .
37. 贝蒂是唯一一个在比赛中获奖的学生。
Betty was a prize in the competition.
38. The sentence is formed by the words and phrases, to express the
languageunits.
句子是由词和词组构成的、能够表达完整的意思的语言单位。
39. 他们是一群带着期盼的神情等待烟火表演的孩子们。
They are the children waiting for the fireworks to begin.
40. Your training course should help you bring out your , not try to turn you into someone you’re not.
你的训练课程会帮你展现你的个性，不要强迫自己变成不喜欢的自己。
41. 防止这些有害的习惯影响青少年的生活是至关重要的。
To prevent harmful habits like these is essential.
42. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看待世界，进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入
的了解。
Cooperating with people from helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more
insight into our own culture.
43. 温暖的气候已经融化了一些极地的冰雪。The warm climate has melted some of the .
44. First we need to identify actual and .
首先，我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。
45. 身份盗窃是一个普遍而严重的问题。
is a common and serious problem.
46. 被困的矿工们就要放弃时，救援到了。
The trapped miners were about to give up .
47. 很多时候他不得不彻底改变他的比赛。
He’s had to drastically change his game .
48. 令他们欣慰的是，他们的儿子很快克服了语言障碍，学会了适应那里的新生活。
To their relief, their son soon overcame the and learned to the new
life there.
49. Medical workers rushed to give , which rescued the old man.
医务人员匆忙赶来立刻展开急救，挽救了老人的生命。
50. True enjoyment comes from and exercise of the body,the two are ever united. (根据句意填空)
51. Having watched the exhibition, I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop (更
加强烈的社会责任感).(根据汉语提示完成句子)
52. 下面是一篇关于伟大的历史学家司马迁的文章。
on the great historian Sima Qian.
53. He is ; he is a writer，too.
他不仅仅是一位演说家，还是一位作家。
54. 和汽车相比，自行车有许多优点。
, bicycles have many .
55. 这个国家陷入了经济增长和环境保护之间的两难境地。
The country is caught up in its own between economic development and environmental preservation.
56. 骑自行车被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
Riding bikes is considered as .
57. He had determined to （不辜负公司的期望）. (根据汉
语提示完成句子)
58. 在这个问题上，我发现自己和大多数同学意见完全一致。
to this matter, I find myself with the majority of my classmates.
59. Of are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。60. 真正的友谊犹如健康的身体，直到失去时才知其可贵。
Friendship is like health, is seldom known until it is lost.
61. 绝不允许他再犯相同的错误。
was she allowed to .
62. You can hardly imagine ________________ he has made in such a short time! (progress)
你简直难以想象他在这么短的时间内取得了多么大的进步！
63. 说到学英语，人们普遍认为：没有什么比跟英语母语人士待在一起更好的了。
learning English, it's universally recognized that there is than staying with .
三、单项选择
64. After ________ from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. Which is not right?
A. we graduated B. graduated
C. graduating D. graduation
65. Heroes like Officer Cai made major ____________to the anti-drug cause(禁毒事业).
A. contributions B. progress C. donations D. efforts
66. We'll eat some of the meat for lunch and keep _______ for supper.
A. the ones B. the rest C. the others D. the few
67. A small car has the great _____ of being cheaper to run.
A. interest B. benefit C. usefulness D. advantage
68. The room on the right is______.
A. her B. she
C. Lucy' s D. Lucy
69. You can get a general ________ of our school.
A. impressive B. impression C. impress D. impressed
70. Your speech was heard by a group of five _________, all of __________ agreed that it was the best one this
year.
A. judge; whom B. judges; them
C. judge; them D. judges; whom
71. Two bags are on the table. They are ___.
A. the twins’ B. the twin’s C. twins D. twin’s
72. The stronger the ___________ is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. That is to say, it is
up to whether he has an interest in the foreign language.
A. inspiration B. ambition C. motivation D. aspiration
73. ______ his work in physics, he spent much time working for human rights and _____.A. Besides; progresses B. Except; progresses
C. Besides; progress D. Except; progress
74. It was _________to be invited here today.
A. great honour B. honouring C. a great honour D. honoured
75. --- Mom, can you give me an extra 200 yuan a month?
--- Son, we have just bought a house, and from now on we need to practise strict .
A. economy B. medicine C. self-control D. patience
76. The Great Wall was made not only by____，but also the flesh and blood of ____men.
A. earth and stone，millions of B. earths and stones，millions
C. the earth and stone，million of D. the earths and stones，millions
77. I like reading poems, because poems can ________ certain ________.
A. convey; emotion B. convey; emotions C. express; emotions D. explain;
emotions
78. ‘’There is among Chinese people that no country or individual can can protect itself without intellectual
property（知识产权）protection’’ Liu Xin said.
A. commitment B. criterion C. consensus D. competence
79. Hangzhou is such an ________ city that it often makes a strong ________ on visitors and its sights never fail
to attract foreign tourists.
A. impressed， impression B. impressing ， impression
C. impressive， impress D. impressive， impression
80. ______ mothers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter's and Anne' s
C. Peter's and Anne D. Peter and Anne's
81. Of the two _______ I’d like to choose _______ expensive one.
A. handkerchiefs ... a less B. handkerchieves ... a least
C. handkerchiefs ... the less D. handkerchieves ... the least
82. This dictionary is_______ to my translation, but that one is________.
A. a great help ; of no use B. very helpful; of no any use
C. great help; helpless D. important; of few importance
83. Walking after supper is of________ to your health.
A. benefit B. benefits C. beneficial D. beneficially
84. Shortly after the accident, two ______ police went to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozensC. dozen D. dozens of
85. As senior three students, we had better follow the ________as much as possible from our teachers and
parents; although they are a bit nagging（唠叨）, indeed we are expected to make _________ in all aspects.
A. advice; progressB. advices; progress C. advices; progresses D. advice; progresses
86. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old ____ about the return of the spirits of dead people.
A. beliefs B. relief
C. brief D. chiefs
87. Once you master the useful skills, everything in your life will change for .
A. better B. the better C. worse D. the less
88. Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of ________.
A. brotherhood B. brother C. brothers D. brotherly
89. Since it is common to copy others’designs, the Council of Fashion Designers has recently urged the
government to pass laws to protect designers’ rights.
A. practice B. standard C. sense D. activity
90. While most of us are only too ready to ________ others the cold wind of ________, we are somehow
reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.
A. respond to...conflict B. apply to ...criticism
C. react to...threat D. reply to...superiority
91. The ________ was done early in the morning without a ceremony.
A. bury B. burying
C. buried D. burial
92. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't _____in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
93. Mr. Tony always has ________ to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.
A. a good news B. some good piece of news
C. some good pieces of news D. some piece of good news
94. The _______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop
95. To be an artist is not easy, but sometimes dreams can be a rich source of ________—for an artist.
A. occasion B. identification C. inspiration D. occupation
96. Mr Smith has a lot of business______. I know by______ that this man cannot be trusted.A. experience; experience B. experiences; experience
C. experience; experiences D. experiences; experiences
97. This new variety of music is a ________ ________ around the world.
A. phenomenon; spreads B. phenomena; spreading
C. phenomenon; spreading D. phenomena; spread
四、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 98
Second World War, the German Navy （海军）used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and
99 （learn） about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 100 （they）
ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t
know it 101 （break）. In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 102
（secret）. A few Navajo（纳瓦在人）Indians made this code 103 （base） on their language, which
only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could
understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers
promised 104 （keep） this code a secret, even though this could cause their 105 （die）.
The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 106 the Navajo language. And the code,
107 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
