01 名词考查重点及应对策略
【考点精析】
一、可数名词的数
考点1 可数名词变复数的规则变化
可数名词变复数形式时,一般在名词后面加-s或-es。变化形式如下表:
构成方法 例词
map→maps, sea→seas
一般在词尾加-s
girl→girls, day→days
class→classes,
以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后加-es(stomach除
box→boxes,watch→watches,
外)
dish→dishes
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名 country→countries
变-y为-i, 再加-es
词 factory→factories
以元音字母+-y结尾的名 holiday→holidays
在词尾直接+-s
词 monkey→monkeys
piano→pianos
一般在词尾加-s
photo→photos
以-o结尾的名词
hero→heroes
有些在词尾加-es
potato→potatoes
变-f或-fe
leaf→leaves, knife→knives,
wife→wives, wolf→wolves
以-f或-fe 为-v, 再加-es
结尾的名词 belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs,
直接加-s proof→proofs, roof→roofs,
safe→safes
考点2可数名词变复数的不规则变化
可数名词变复数不规则变化的形式如下表:
构成方法 例词
child→children,
增加字母
ox→oxen
man→men,
woman→women,
改变名词中的元音字
foot→feet,
母或变为其他形式
goose→geese,
mouse→mice
续表
构成方法 例词
单复数同形 sheep,deer, series, means, fish
American→Americans,
表 示
加-s
“某
German→Germans国 单复数同形 Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
人 ”
的 以-man或-woman结尾的, 将-man和-
Englishman→Englishmen
woman分别改为-men, -women
名词
二、不可数名词
考点1不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式, 也不可以与不定冠词连用。最常见的不可数名词有: fun, baggage, change(零
钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic 等。
(2)不可数名词的量有两种表示方法:
①用some, much, a little, a lot of, a bit of, plenty of 等表示多少。
注意: 既可以与可数名词复数, 又可以与不可数名词连用的有: plenty of, some, a lot of, lots of, most of等。
②用单位词表示, 用a...of表示。
如:a cup of tea, a piece of paper。
考点2不可数名词与可数名词的转化
(1)有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以转化为可数名词。如:
※The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit.
土豆是一种蔬菜, 不是水果。
※My doctor told me to avoid fatty foods such as bacon or hamburgers.
我的医生叫我避免吃油腻的食物, 如培根或汉堡包。
(2)特殊物质名词的数量表示: 当要表示“一场/段/件/种……”等意思时, 某些物质名词前可用不定冠词,
但此时通常有形容词或of短语修饰。如:
※A heavy snow was falling.
当时正下着一场大雪。
※A fine rain began to fall.
开始下起一阵小雨。
另外, 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, coffee, drink, beer等, 可以用a(n)或数词修饰, 也有复数形式。如:
※Two teas and a coffee, please.
请来两杯茶和一杯咖啡。
※I ordered two coffees and an ice-cream.
我点了两杯咖啡和一份冰淇淋。
(3)有些名词既是可数名词又是不可数名词, 但意思不同。如: work工作, a work一部著作; glass玻璃, a
glass一个玻璃杯; wood木头, a wood一片树林; room空间, a room一间房间; paper纸, a paper 一份试卷(文
件、 报纸等) 等。
考点3抽象名词具体化类型(1)表示情感、情绪的词, 强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括
为如下11个字: 惊(surprise)、乐(pleasure)、幸(honour)、憾(pity)、傲(pride)、慰(comfort)、险(danger)、助
(help)、成(success)、败(failure)、美(beauty)。例如:
※The new method has finally proved to be a success.
新方法最终证明是成功的。
类型(2)表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念, 常与动词连用构成短语, 名词前常有形容词
修饰。如: have a good time, have a wonderful supper, have a good knowledge/understanding of, have a
population of, cover an area of, reach a height of等。
三、名词所有格
考点1:表示有生命名词的所有格时, 在词尾加“‘s”。如:the boy’s bag, men’s rooms;若名词已有复数词尾
s, 只加“‘”。如:the teachers’ reading room;此外, 表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家、
城市等无生命名词的所有格也可在词尾加“‘s”来表示所属关系, 意为“……的”。如:a ten minutes’ walk,
a twenty miles’ journey, two tons’ weight, fifty dollars’ worth。
考点2:如果两个名词并列, 且分别加“‘s”, 则表示“分别有……”; 若只有后一个名词加“‘s”, 则表示
两个“共有”。如:John’s and Mary’s rooms (两间); John and Mary’s room (一间)。
考点3:of属格: 无生命名词的所有格用 of结构。如:a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our
country, the colour of the flowers。
考点4:省略格: 在表示店铺、教堂、诊所的名称或某人的家时, 名词所有格的后面常省略它所修饰的名词。
如:at the doctor’s在诊所; at my sister’s在我姐姐(妹妹)的家。
考点5:双重所有格: of+名词“‘s”结构。如:a friend of my brother’s, works of Mo Yan’s。
名词所有格用法口诀: 名词所有格, 表物是“谁的”, 若为生命词, 加’s 即可行, 词尾有 s, 仅把逗号择;
并列名词后, 各自和共有, 前者分别加, 后者最后加; 若为无生命词, of所有格, 前后须倒置, 此是硬规则。
注意:如果是无生命的名词则用of表示所有格, 这里需要注意它们的顺序与汉语不同, “A of B”要翻译为
“B的A”。
特别提示:
语法填空题名词考法
1.根据语境标志词判断名词
(1)看到冠词、形容词或形容词性物主代词时, 要想到名词;
(2)遇到介词或及物动词时要想到名词;
(3)当看到并列连词所连接的前或后是名词时要想到名词。
2.根据规则确定名词单复数
(1)如果空格处被these, several, many和数词等修饰时, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are, 要考虑用名词的复数形式;
(3)在平时学习中要熟记名词单数变复数的规则, 方能解决好此类问题。
【真题演练】
1.(2020·江苏高考)They tested the men’s(men) fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took
samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
2.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to
have a low impact on the natural environment.
3.(2022·浙江高考)John Olson, a former photographer(photograph), and his team render paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
4.(2022·浙江高考)Good management (manage), like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
5.(2021·新高考 I 卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
humans(human) are.
6.(2021·浙江高考)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their
marriage(marry)ceremony in 1842.
7.(2022· 新 高 考 Ⅰ 卷 ) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
populations(population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the
wild.
8.(2021· 全 国 甲 卷 )Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and
watchtowers(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
9.(2022·浙江高考)For Luc, this means independence (independent). “The feeling of being able to see it and to
form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
10.(2022·北京高考)More takeout and more food delivery (deliver) equal more waste, especially plastic waste.
11.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A company representative(represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching
over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【考点精练】
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1. There are two (code) for London.
2. The graduates may have (problem) in finding a job.
3. We must stop hurting wild animals because there’s no (win) after the shot.
4. The old woman can often buy things with lower price in his store because she is a popular
(custom).
5. The (contribute) he made to the village was great, so he became very popular among the villagersand they treated him one of them.
6. The crowd in the room seemed full of curiosity. They expressed their (eager) to hear me sing.
7. What is the (motivate) behind the sudden change?
8. The boss gave his (approve) to the suggestion put forward at the meeting.
9. The race organizers are trying to attract (sponsor).
10. She went to live abroad after the break-up of her (marry).
11. Those who love nature are more likely to make (contribute) to wildlife preservation.
12. It is important to pay your (electric) bill on time.
13. The music of this new band is an odd (combine) of rock and opera.
14. The children had an (argue) about what game to play, but they didn’t reach an agreement.
15. The visit took place in tight (secure).
16. The soldiers were finally sent to (safe) by the nurses.
17. We Chinese students put on quite a few (perform) featuring Chinese cultures, including martial arts,
calligraphy and so on.
18. The waste water will cause the pollution and the (destroy) of our seas and oceans.
19. Through this (intervene), the truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected
by waste.
20. They said that they could satisfy our (demand) whatever we needed.
21. The fish can grow to a (long) of four feet.
22. One day they had a heated (argue) about where to spend their summer holiday.
23. Sports stars like those in NBA contribute to the national (economic) by benefiting the sports industry
as well as the advertising industry.
24. In modern times, teenagers have a (prefer) for popular music, which has something to do
with the age characteristic and time background.
25. Although reading English news every day will take up some of my time, I feel that it will be
(benefit) to improving my English.
26. We have been in (correspond)for months.
27. The activity aims to raise (aware) of the dangers of passive smoking.
28. When learning his friend had moved to a (slight) larger house, he wandered around, depressed
and full of (anxious).
29. I think I have met your company’s requirements, really hoping you could take a serious consideration of my
(apply) for the job.30. To make members of a team perform better, the coach first of all has to know their (strength) and
weaknesses.
二、完成句子
31. , the boy jumped for joy.
听到这个令人激动的消息,小男孩高兴地跳了起来。
32. The plant releases from the leaves that are being eaten.
植物从正在被吃的叶子上释放少量的化学物质。
33. The teenager has a lot of interesting novels . (other than)
除了这本书,这个少年还有许多有趣的小说。
34. 他救起了一名落水儿童。
He drowning.
35. They fought a long battle against .
他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。
36. 当您申请工作时,您需要考虑以下因素。
When you for a job, you need to consider the following .
37. 贝蒂是唯一一个在比赛中获奖的学生。
Betty was a prize in the competition.
38. The sentence is formed by the words and phrases, to express the
languageunits.
句子是由词和词组构成的、能够表达完整的意思的语言单位。
39. 他们是一群带着期盼的神情等待烟火表演的孩子们。
They are the children waiting for the fireworks to begin.
40. Your training course should help you bring out your , not try to turn you into someone you’re not.
你的训练课程会帮你展现你的个性,不要强迫自己变成不喜欢的自己。
41. 防止这些有害的习惯影响青少年的生活是至关重要的。
To prevent harmful habits like these is essential.
42. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同的视角看待世界,进而让我们对自己的文化有更深入
的了解。
Cooperating with people from helps us view the world from different angles and thus gives us more
insight into our own culture.
43. 温暖的气候已经融化了一些极地的冰雪。
The warm climate has melted some of the .
44. First we need to identify actual and .首先,我们需要弄清实际的问题和潜在的问题。
45. 身份盗窃是一个普遍而严重的问题。
is a common and serious problem.
46. 被困的矿工们就要放弃时,救援到了。
The trapped miners were about to give up .
47. 很多时候他不得不彻底改变他的比赛。
He’s had to drastically change his game .
48. 令他们欣慰的是,他们的儿子很快克服了语言障碍,学会了适应那里的新生活。
To their relief, their son soon overcame the and learned to the new
life there.
49. Medical workers rushed to give , which rescued the old man.
医务人员匆忙赶来立刻展开急救,挽救了老人的生命。
50. True enjoyment comes from and exercise of the body,the two are ever united. (根据句意填空)
51. Having watched the exhibition, I have begun to feel more aware of other people and to develop (更
加强烈的社会责任感).(根据汉语提示完成句子)
52. 下面是一篇关于伟大的历史学家司马迁的文章。
on the great historian Sima Qian.
53. He is ; he is a writer,too.
他不仅仅是一位演说家,还是一位作家。
54. 和汽车相比,自行车有许多优点。
, bicycles have many .
55. 这个国家陷入了经济增长和环境保护之间的两难境地。
The country is caught up in its own between economic development and environmental preservation.
56. 骑自行车被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
Riding bikes is considered as .
57. He had determined to (不辜负公司的期望). (根据汉
语提示完成句子)
58. 在这个问题上,我发现自己和大多数同学意见完全一致。
to this matter, I find myself with the majority of my classmates.
59. Of are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。
60. 真正的友谊犹如健康的身体,直到失去时才知其可贵。
Friendship is like health, is seldom known until it is lost.61. 绝不允许他再犯相同的错误。
was she allowed to .
62. You can hardly imagine ________________ he has made in such a short time! (progress)
你简直难以想象他在这么短的时间内取得了多么大的进步!
63. 说到学英语,人们普遍认为:没有什么比跟英语母语人士待在一起更好的了。
learning English, it's universally recognized that there is than staying with .
三、单项选择
64. After ________ from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. Which is not right?
A. we graduated B. graduated
C. graduating D. graduation
65. Heroes like Officer Cai made major ____________to the anti-drug cause(禁毒事业).
A. contributions B. progress C. donations D. efforts
66. We'll eat some of the meat for lunch and keep _______ for supper.
A. the ones B. the rest C. the others D. the few
67. A small car has the great _____ of being cheaper to run.
A. interest B. benefit C. usefulness D. advantage
68. The room on the right is______.
A. her B. she
C. Lucy' s D. Lucy
69. You can get a general ________ of our school.
A. impressive B. impression C. impress D. impressed
70. Your speech was heard by a group of five _________, all of __________ agreed that it was the best one this
year.
A. judge; whom B. judges; them
C. judge; them D. judges; whom
71. Two bags are on the table. They are ___.
A. the twins’ B. the twin’s C. twins D. twin’s
72. The stronger the ___________ is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language. That is to say, it is
up to whether he has an interest in the foreign language.
A. inspiration B. ambition C. motivation D. aspiration
73. ______ his work in physics, he spent much time working for human rights and _____.
A. Besides; progresses B. Except; progresses
C. Besides; progress D. Except; progress74. It was _________to be invited here today.
A. great honour B. honouring C. a great honour D. honoured
75. --- Mom, can you give me an extra 200 yuan a month?
--- Son, we have just bought a house, and from now on we need to practise strict .
A. economy B. medicine C. self-control D. patience
76. The Great Wall was made not only by____,but also the flesh and blood of ____men.
A. earth and stone,millions of B. earths and stones,millions
C. the earth and stone,million of D. the earths and stones,millions
77. I like reading poems, because poems can ________ certain ________.
A. convey; emotion B. convey; emotions C. express; emotions D. explain;
emotions
78. ‘’There is among Chinese people that no country or individual can can protect itself without intellectual
property(知识产权)protection’’ Liu Xin said.
A. commitment B. criterion C. consensus D. competence
79. Hangzhou is such an ________ city that it often makes a strong ________ on visitors and its sights never fail
to attract foreign tourists.
A. impressed, impression B. impressing , impression
C. impressive, impress D. impressive, impression
80. ______ mothers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter's and Anne' s
C. Peter's and Anne D. Peter and Anne's
81. Of the two _______ I’d like to choose _______ expensive one.
A. handkerchiefs ... a less B. handkerchieves ... a least
C. handkerchiefs ... the less D. handkerchieves ... the least
82. This dictionary is_______ to my translation, but that one is________.
A. a great help ; of no use B. very helpful; of no any use
C. great help; helpless D. important; of few importance
83. Walking after supper is of________ to your health.
A. benefit B. benefits C. beneficial D. beneficially
84. Shortly after the accident, two ______ police went to the spot to keep order.
A. dozen of B. dozens
C. dozen D. dozens of
85. As senior three students, we had better follow the ________as much as possible from our teachers andparents; although they are a bit nagging(唠叨), indeed we are expected to make _________ in all aspects.
A. advice; progressB. advices; progress C. advices; progresses D. advice; progresses
86. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old ____ about the return of the spirits of dead people.
A. beliefs B. relief
C. brief D. chiefs
87. Once you master the useful skills, everything in your life will change for .
A. better B. the better C. worse D. the less
88. Soldiers who are fighting together often have a strong feeling of ________.
A. brotherhood B. brother C. brothers D. brotherly
89. Since it is common to copy others’designs, the Council of Fashion Designers has recently urged the
government to pass laws to protect designers’ rights.
A. practice B. standard C. sense D. activity
90. While most of us are only too ready to ________ others the cold wind of ________, we are somehow
reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.
A. respond to...conflict B. apply to ...criticism
C. react to...threat D. reply to...superiority
91. The ________ was done early in the morning without a ceremony.
A. bury B. burying
C. buried D. burial
92. He is a success as a leader but he hasn't _____in teaching.
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. an experience D. a lot experience
93. Mr. Tony always has ________ to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.
A. a good news B. some good piece of news
C. some good pieces of news D. some piece of good news
94. The _______ is just around the corner and you won't miss it.
A. bicycle's shop B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop
95. To be an artist is not easy, but sometimes dreams can be a rich source of ________—for an artist.
A. occasion B. identification C. inspiration D. occupation
96. Mr Smith has a lot of business______. I know by______ that this man cannot be trusted.
A. experience; experience B. experiences; experience
C. experience; experiences D. experiences; experiences97. This new variety of music is a ________ ________ around the world.
A. phenomenon; spreads B. phenomena; spreading
C. phenomenon; spreading D. phenomena; spread
四、语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During 98
Second World War, the German Navy (海军)used a code to send messages. The British broke the code and
99 (learn) about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 100 (they)
ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t
know it 101 (break). In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 102
(secret). A few Navajo(纳瓦在人)Indians made this code 103 (base) on their language, which
only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the American army did. Only they could
understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers
promised 104 (keep) this code a secret, even though this could cause their 105 (die).
The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 106 the Navajo language. And the code,
107 connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
参考答案
一、
1. codes
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:伦敦有两种代码。被基数词two修饰,应用名词的复数形式,作主语。
故填codes。
2. problems
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:大学毕业生找工作可能会有困难。have problems in doing sth.意为“做某
事有困难”。故填problems。
3. winner
【解析】考查名词。句意:我们必须停止伤害野生动物,因为枪响后没有赢家。由“We must stop hurting
wild animals”和常识可知,句子表示“我们必须停止伤害野生动物,因为射击后没有赢家”,空格处意为
“赢家”,是winner,根据上文there's可知应用单数,故填winner。
4. customer
【解析】考查名词。句意:这位老妇人经常能在他的店里以较低的价格买到东西,因为她是一个受欢迎的顾客。由主语是“The old woman”和“she”可知,空格处意为“顾客”,是customer,空前有不定冠词
a,空格处用单数名词作表语,故填customer。
5. contribution as
【解析】考查名词和介词。句意:他对村子的贡献很大,所以他在村民中很受欢迎,他们把他当作他们
中的一员。分析句子可知,第一空作主语,应用名词contribution,由was可知,应用名词单数形式;第
二空是固定短语treat sb. as,意为“把……视作;看待”,应用介词as。故填①contribution;②as。
6. eagerness
【解析】考查名词。句意:房间里的人群似乎充满了好奇。他们表示很想听我唱歌。their后跟名词,
eager的名词是eagerness,意为“渴望”,是不可数名词。故填eagerness。
7. motivation
【解析】考查名词。句意:突然改变背后的动机是什么。根据句子分析可知,此处应用名词“motivation
动机”,且空前的谓语动词为is,故应用名词的单数形式,故填motivation。
8. approval
【解析】考查名词。句意:老板同意了会议上提出的建议。此处应使用名词作宾语,approve的名词为
approval“赞成;同意”,作此意时为不可数名词,故填approval。
9. sponsors
【解析】考查名词。句意:比赛组织者正在设法吸引赞助商。作宾语,且前文没有冠词,表示数量大于
一应用sponsor的复数形式。故填sponsors。
10. marriage
【解析】考查名词。句意:她婚姻破裂后到国外生活去了。分析句子可知,of为介词,空处用名词作宾
语,动词marry结婚,对应的名词为marriage (婚姻),根据her可知,此处为名词单数,表示特指的一段
婚姻。故填marriage。
11. contributions
【解析】考查名词。句意:那些喜欢大自然的人更有可能对野生动物保护做出贡献。分析句子结构可知,
此处为名词作宾语,contribute名词为contribution,且为可数名词,空前无限定词,所以此处为名词复数。
故填contributions。
12. electricity
【解析】考查名词。句意:按时交电费是很重要的。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词性物主代词,所
以空处应填名词,electric的名词形式是electricity意为“电能”,为不可数名词。故填electricity。
13. combination
【解析】考查名词。句意:这支新乐队的音乐是摇滚和歌剧的奇特结合。空前有an odd,应修饰单数名词
combination,意为“结合体”,作表语。故填combination。14. argument
【解析】考查名词。句意:孩子们争论玩什么游戏,但是他们没有达成协议。根据空格前的 had an可知
空格处是宾语,要用名词单数。故填argument。
15. security
【解析】考查名词。句意:访问是在严密的安全保卫下进行的。分析句子可知,此空应填名词作介词in
后面宾语,且security表“安全”,为不可数名词。故填security。
16. safety
【解析】考查名词。句意:士兵们最终被护士送到安全的地方。根据空前的“were sent to”可知,空处应
填名词作宾语,safe的名词形式是safety,不可数,故填safety。
17. performances
【解析】考查名词。句意:我们中国学生表演了不少具有中国文化特色的节目,包括武术、书法等。根
据空前quite a few可知,此处为复数名词performances“表演”,满足句意要求。故填performances。
18. destruction
【解析】考查名词。句意:废水将对我们的海洋造成污染和破坏。空处与名词pollution并列,且用于定
冠词the之后,应用名词destruction,表示“破坏”,作动词cause的宾语。故填destruction。
19. intervention
【解析】考查名词。句意:通过这种干预,事实是布罗德街水泵的水被废物污染了。分析句子,设空处
使用intervene的名词intervention作宾语,意为“干预”。故填intervention。
20. demands
【解析】考查名词。句意:他们说他们可以满足我们的任何要求。空格处作 satisfy 的宾语,用名词,
demand当要求讲时,是可数名词,根据空格前的our 可知此处用名词的复数。故填demands。
21. length
【解析】考查名词。句意:这种鱼可以长到四英尺长。由空前的“a”以及空后“of four feet”可知设空处应
填名词,名词length“长,长度”符合句意。故填length。
22. argument
【解析】考查名词。句意:一天,他们关于去哪里度暑假发生了激烈的争论。所给单词argue是动词,表
示“争论”,空处作动词had的宾语,应用名词形式argument表示“争论”,且前边有不定冠词a,空处
应用名词的单数形式。故填argument。
23. economy
【解析】考查名词。句意:像NBA这样的体育明星通过使体育产业和广告业受益,为国民经济做出了贡
献。空前有the national,修饰名词economy,意为“经济”,作动词contribute to的宾语。故填
economy。24. preference
【解析】考查名词。句意:在现代,青少年偏爱流行音乐,这与他们的年龄特征和时代背景有关。空处
作宾语,表示“偏爱”应用名词preference,短语have a preference for“偏爱”。故填preference。
25. of benefit/beneficial
【解析】考查形容词。句意:虽然每天看英语新闻会占用我一些时间,但我觉得这对提高我的英语水平
有好处。根据固定短语“be beneficial to对……有益”可知该空应填形容词beneficial ;又由于be of+名词
=形容词,该空还可以填写of benefit。故填of benefit/beneficial。
26. correspondence
【解析】考查名词。句意:我们已经通信好几个月了。correspond动词,“通信”的意思,根据句中in可
知,此空要填correspond的名词形式correspondence,表示“保持通信的状态”,故填correspondence。
27. awareness
【解析】考查名词。句意:这个活动的目的是唤醒大家对被动吸烟危险的意识。空格处是作宾语,要用
名词。故填awareness。
28. slightly anxiety
【解析】考查副词和名词。句意:当得知他的朋友搬到了一个稍微大一点的房子时,他四处游荡,沮丧
而焦虑。横向处应该填入副词修饰形容词 larger,根据提示填slightly。介词of之后缺少宾语,可以用名
词形式,再根据提示,故填anxiety。故答案为:slightly;anxiety。
29. application
【解析】考查词形转换。句意:我认为自己符合贵公司的要求,真切地希望你们能认真考虑我的求职申
请。该空位于my之后,因此用其名词形式 application“申请(书)”。
30. strengths
【解析】考查名词。句意:为了让小组每一个成员都更好表现,教练首先必须了解他们的优点和缺点。
空格处是名词,作宾语;根据and weaknesses可知要用名词复数。故填strengths。
二、
31. Hearing the exciting news
【解析】考查非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“听到这个令人激动的消息”,“听到”
是hear,“这个令人激动的消息”是the exciting news,句中谓语是jumped,空格处用非谓语动词,the
boy和hear之间是主谓关系,因此用现在分词hearing表主动,位于句首的单词首字母要大写,因此空格
处是Hearing the exciting news。故填Hearing the exciting news。
32. small amounts of chemicals
【解析】考查固定短语和名词。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“少量的化学物质”,“少量的”是
固定短语small amounts of,“化学物质”是chemical,small amounts of后跟复数,因此空格处是smallamounts of chemicals,故填small,amounts,of,chemicals。
33. other than this book
【解析】考查固定短语和名词。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“除了这本书”,“除了”是固定短
语other than,“这本书”是this book,因此空格处是other than this book。故填other than this book。
34. rescued a child from
【解析】考查时态和短语。对比中英文句子,表达“救出”用短语rescue...from...,句子陈述过去的事情,
用一般过去时,rescue用过去式;“一名儿童”是泛指,用a child表达。故填rescued a child from。
35. prejudice and ignorance
【解析】考查名词。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“偏见与无知”,“偏见”是prejudice,“无
知”是ignorance,都是不可数名词,“与”是and,故填prejudice and ignorance。
36. apply factors
【解析】考查时态,主谓一致和名词。对比中英文句子可知,第一空意为“申请”,第二空意为“因
素”,由空后的for可知,“申请”是固定短语apply for,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语
是you,因此apply用原形;“因素”是factor,此处不止一个因素,因此用复数。故填apply,factors。
37. the only student to receive
【解析】考查名词和不定式。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“唯一一个获得的学生”,“唯一一个
学生”是the only student,“获得”是receive,student前有the only修饰,因此用不定式to receive作后置
定语,修饰名词student,因此空格处是the only student to receive,故填the only student to receive。
38. the full meaning of
【解析】考查形容词和名词所有格。形容词full (完整的)作定语,修饰名词meaning (意思),特指meaning
用定冠词the,of名词所有格表“……的”,故填the full meaning of。
39. with expectant faces
【解析】考查介词和名词短语。表示“带着”应用介词with;表示“期盼的神情”应用expectant faces,
根据they可知应用名词复数形式。故填with expectant faces。
40. personality
【解析】考查名词。结合缺失汉语“个性”,用可数名词personality,结合句意,单数形式,作宾语。故
填personality。
41. from affecting the lives of teenagers
【解析】考查名词,动词,介词和短语。表示“防止”应用动词短语prevent…from;表示“影响”应用
动词affect;表示“青少年的生活”应用名词短语the lives of teenagers;分析句子结构和意思可知,“影
响”是“防止”的宾语,用动名词形式,作介词from的宾语;故答案为from affecting the lives of
teenagers。42. diverse cultural backgrounds
【解析】考查形容词和名词。表示“不同的”应用形容词diverse,作定语;表示“文化的”应用
cultural,作定语;表示“背景”应用名词background,此处使用名词复数形式。故填diverse cultural
backgrounds。
43. polar ice
【解析】考查形容词和名词。根据句意“极地的冰雪”可知,空格处涉及单词“polar”,意为“极地的”,
形容词词性,作定语,“ice”表示“冰雪”,为不可数名词,“polar ice”表示“极地的冰雪”。故填polar
ice。
44. potential problems
【解析】考查名词短语。根据句子结构和汉语提示,设空处缺“潜在的问题”,“潜在的”表达为
potential,形容词,作定语,修饰“问题”;“问题”表达为question,空前无不定冠词,应用名词的复
数形式,名词短语作动词identify的宾语。故填potential problems。
45. Identity theft
【解析】考查名词短语。identity theft身份盗窃,在句中作主语。根据谓语动词is可知,用名词的单数形
式。结合句意,故填Identity theft。
46. when rescue came
【解析】考查时态,名词和从句。根据中英文提示可知,此处为be about to do sth.when...句型,表示“正
打算做某事,这时候”,由上文的were可知用一般过去时,rescue“救援”不可数名词,come“来”,故
填when rescue came。
47. on a number of occasions
【解析】考查介词和名词。分析句子可知,缺少“很多时候”用on a number of occasions表示,“在...时
候”是介词短语on...occasion,“很多”用a number of修饰名词复数。故填on a number of occasions。
48. language barrier adjust/adapt to
【解析】考查名词和固定短语。根据句意可知,句子陈述的是过去发生的事,为一般过去时,根据汉语
提示“语言障碍”可知,空格一和空格二应用“language barrier”,意为“语言障碍”,“barrier”意为
“障碍”,为可数名词,句中特指“语言障碍”,故应用单数形式,根据句意“适应”可知,空格三和
空格四应用“adjust to”或“adapt to”,意为“适应”,“learn to do sth.”意为“学会做某事”,不定式符号
to后接动词原形。故填language, barrier, adjust/adapt, to。
49. first aid immediately
【解析】考查名词短语和副词。“急救”用名词短语first aid表达;“立刻”用副词immediately表达,在
句中作状语,修饰动词give;“医务人员匆忙赶来立刻展开急救”表达为medical workers rushed to givefirst aid immediately;故答案为first aid immediately。
50. activity of the mind
【解析】考查名词短语。句意:真正的快乐来自思想的活动和身体的锻炼,这两者是永远结合在一起的。
and连接并列成分作介词from的宾语,activity“活动”,根据句意,此处用作不可数名词,mind“思维”,
of表示“……的”,故activity of the mind表示“思维的活动”,故填activity of mind。
【点睛】
51. a stronger sense of social responsibility
【解析】考查形容词及名词短语。句意:看了展览之后,我开始感到更加理解别人并形成了更加强烈的
社会责任感。分析句子结构,“更加强烈的”要使用形容词strong的比较级,表示“社会责任感”含义
的短语为a sense of social responsibility,故填a stronger sense of social responsibility。
52. Below is an essay
【解析】考查倒装句和时态。根据中英文提示,be below“在下面”,置于句首,句子用部分倒装,an
essay“一篇文章”,作主语,根据句意可知,句子用一般现在时,主语是单数,谓语动词用单数。故填
Below is an essay。
53. more than a lecturer
【解析】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示可知本句考查短语more than不仅仅,“演说家”lecturer,再结
合其它汉语提示,故填more than a lecturer。
54. Compared with cars advantages
【解析】考查固定短语和名词的复数。根据句子可知横线处填的应是表达“和汽车相比”以及“优点”
的词语,compared with意为“与……相比较”,此处汽车前没有修饰词,且car是可数名词,所以用复数
形式;many后应用复数形式advantages。故填①Compared;②with;③cars;④advantages。
55. dilemma
【解析】考查名词。根据句意并结合空前的its own可知,此处用名词dilemma(进退两难)的单数形式。
故填dilemma。
56. a good means of entertainment
【解析】考查名词。分析句子且根据句意可知,表示“一种很好的娱乐方式”应用a good means of
entertainment,作介词as的宾语,其中可数名词means表示“方式”,不可数名词entertainment表示“娱
乐”。故填a good means of entertainment。
57. live up to the company’s expectations
【解析】考查固定短语、名词所有格和不定式。句意:他决心不辜负公司的期望。固定短语:determine
to do sth.“下决心做某事”;live up to“不辜负”;“公司的期望”翻译为the company’s expectations,故填
live up to the company’s expectations。58. In/ With regard 或 With respect in complete agreement
【解析】考查介词短语。根据汉语可知第一空需要翻译“关于,对于”,用In/With regard 或 With
respect.第二空需要翻译“意见完全一致”,此处表示状态,用介词短语in complete agreement.故填(1). In/
With regard 或 With respect (2). in complete agreement.
59. equal importance
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。根据汉语
提示“同样重要的”可知,短语为“of equal importance”,故填equal importance。
60. the value of which
【解析】考查定语从句和名词。分析句子可知,句子是主从复合句,根据中英文提示,the value of表示
“……的价值”,此处指代上文提到的“friendship”的价值,用指物的关系代词which引导定语从句,作
介词of的宾语,故填the value of which。
61. By no means make the same mistakes
【解析】考查倒装句、名词和动词短语。“绝不”by no means,表示否定的介词短语位于句首,后面用
部分倒装,be allowed to do被允许做,动词不定式后用动词原形,“犯同样的错误”翻译为make the
same mistakes,用名词复数作宾语,故填By no means;make the same mistakes。
62. what great progress
【解析】考查感叹句和不可数名词。根据汉语句子可知,本部分是对多么大的进步部分的翻译,进步为
progress,不可数名词,感叹名词用what修饰,表示“多么的”,引导宾语从句,作imagine的宾语,
great“大的”是形容词,修饰名词progress。故译为what great progress。
63. When it comes to/As for/As nothing better a native English speaker/ native English speakers
【解析】考查固定句型。根据汉语提示,表示“说到”应用固定句型When it comes to或者介词短语As
for或者用连词As,As learning English理解为状语从句的省略;表示“没有什么比……更好的了”,应用
固定句型there is nothing better than...,第二空需填nothing better;表示“母语人士”应用a native English
speaker/native English speakers。故填①When it comes to/As for/As;②nothing better;③a native English
speaker/native English speakers。
三、
64. B
【解析】考查名词,时态和动名词。句意:在我们毕业后,我们终于有机会进行了一次旅行。哪个是不
对的?after作介词,后面使用动名词或名词作宾语,故C、D项正确。after也可作连词,直接引导时间状
语从句,故A项正确。只有B项错误。故选B。
65. A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:像蔡警官这样的英雄为禁毒事业做出了重大贡献。A. contributions贡献;B. progress进步;C. donations捐赠;D. efforts努力。根据句中的“Heroes”可知,从事禁毒事业的英雄们
必定付出了许多,因此“contributions贡献”符合句意。故选A。
【点睛】
66. B
【解析】考查名词。句意:我们午餐吃些肉,剩下的留作晚饭。结合句子后面 for lunch(作为午餐)和
for supper(作为晚餐)来看,应当是把早餐吃剩下的肉当做晚餐,而rest 就有“剩下”的意思,用定冠
词the表特指,因为meat不可数,故此处用the rest 代指剩下的肉。故选B项。
67. D
【解析】
68. C
【解析】本题解析略。
69. B
【解析】考查名词和词性。句意:你可以对我们学校有个大致的印象。A.impressive令人印象深刻的;
B.impression印象;C.impress使留下深刻印象;D.impressed印象深刻的。general是形容词,修饰名词,
空格处是名词impression,意为“印象”,前面有冠词a,空格处用单数,故选B。
70. D
【解析】考查名词复数及定语从句。句意:五名评判员已经倾听了你的演讲,他们一致认为你的演讲是
今年最好的一次演讲。根据句意可知,此处的judge意为“评判员”,是可数名词,由空前a group of five
可知,应用名词复数形式;第二空处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词judges是
人,应用关系代词whom。故选D。
71. A
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:桌子上有两个袋子。它们是双胞胎的。根据第一个句子“Two bags are
on the table”可知,第二句中的They指代two bags,根据选项中的内容可知,此处要表达的是“这两个袋
子归一对双胞胎所有”,所以空格处应该用可数名词复数的所有格。故选A项。
72. C
【解析】考查名词辨析。 A 灵感,启示 B 雄心,野心 C 动机,意图 D 渴望,野心,根据句意为一个
人的意图越强,学英语就会越快 ,也就是说要取决于他是否对外语感兴趣。所以选C 。
73. C
【解析】考查介词和名词单复数。句意:除了物理方面的工作外,他还花了大量时间致力于人权和进步。
根据“his work in physics”可知,此处是指“除了……之外还有”,所以应用介词besides。progress意为
“进步”,为不可数名词。故选C。
74. C【解析】考查名词的数。句意:今天被邀请到这里来是极大的荣幸。分析句子结构可知,这是固定句型It
is/was +名词/形容词+动词不定式,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式to be invited here,抽象名词
honour意为“荣幸”,表示具体的事物时候,是可数名词,前面可以用a/an修饰,根据great首字母是辅
音音素,因此,应该用a修饰,即 a great honour。故选C项。
75. A
【解析】考查名词。句意:---妈妈,你能每月多给我200元吗? ---儿子,我们刚买了房子,从现在起我们
要厉行节约。A. economy经济;B. medicine医学;C. self-control自我控制;D. patience耐心。结合句意可
知答案为A。
76. A
【解析】本题解析略。
77. B
【解析】考查动词和名词。句意:我喜欢读诗,因为诗歌能够表达特定的情感。A/B/C/D四个选项中的
convey和emotion意为“传递;传达”和“情感;情绪”。第一个空格处由前面的情态动词应填写动词原
形,第二个空格根据句意可知,不同诗歌传达的应是不同的情感,故应填写复数形式的名词。故选B项。
78. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:刘鑫说,在中国人群中由这样一种共识,没有知识产权保护法的话,
任何国家和个人都不能保护自己。A.commitment 承诺、许诺,(因工作而)献身、奉献B. criterion (判
断的)标准、准则、原则;C.consensus 一致意见、共识;D. competence 能力、胜任、本领。根据句意
判断,故选C。
79. D
【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意:杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市,它经常给游客留下深刻的印象,
它的风景总是吸引着外国游客。第一个空要填形容词在句中做定语,修饰city。impressive“令人难忘的”,
可以用于人,也可以用于物;-ing形式形容词,一般用来修饰物体;-ed形式形容词一般用来修饰人。
impressing一般不作形容词用。make an impression on给……留下印象。故选D。
80. B
【解析】本题解析略。
81. C
【解析】考查可数名词复数、定冠词和比较级。句意:在这两条手帕中,我想选便宜一点的那一条。可
数名词handkerchief,表示“手帕”,其复数形式有两种:handkerchiefs或handkerchieves;根据句意可知,
此句涉及两者相比较,需要用“ the + 形容词比较级 + one” ,特指两者中较……的那一个,所以第二空
应填the less。故选C项。
82. A【解析】考查名词、固定搭配。句意:这本词典对我的翻译很有帮助,但那本却毫无用处。结合语境及
选项,第一空中缺表语,可以用形容词短语very helpful,意为“很有帮助”;或者名词短语a great
help,意为“很大的帮助”,此处help为可数名词,表“ 有帮助的人(或物)”;也可用形容词
important,意为“重要的”,故先排除C项。第二空处也缺表语,介词短语of no use意为“无用的”,
此处涉及固定搭配of+no+名词,相当于形容词useless,所以“重要的”可表达为of no importance。可排
除B、D项。故选A项。
83. A
【解析】考查名词。句意:晚饭后散步对你的健康有益。分析可知,“be of+抽象名词=be+(对应)形容
词”,说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。结合空前“is of”可知,选项A“benefit”为抽象名词,意为“益
处”,符合分析和语境。故选A项。
84. C
【解析】考查dozen和dozens of。句意:事故发生后不久,二十多名警察到现场维持秩序。dozen与具体
数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。结合句意可知答案为C。
【点睛】关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂,大致原则是:1.当它与具体数字连用时,既不加
复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of.2.当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,
而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of(许多,几十)视为习语.如:I’ve been there dozens of times.我去过那儿
几十次.She’s got dozens of boy-friends.她的男朋友很多。
3.当与 a few,several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但需注意:不加复数词尾-s时,其
后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略.如:several dozen (of) pencils=several dozens of
pencils
4.当它后面的名词受 the,these,those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时,则此
时必须用介词 of.如:two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的3打注:score,
hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。
85. A
【解析】考查名词。句意:作为高三的学生,我们尽可能多地听取老师和家长的建议;虽然他们有点唠
叨,但我们确实有望在各方面取得进步。advice(建议)和progress(进步)都是不可数名词,故选A。
86. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:西方的万圣节也起源于古老的信仰,即死去的人的灵魂会返回。
A.beliefs信仰;信念;B. relief宽慰,缓解;C. brief摘要,概要;D. chiefs首领,酋长。根据句意及各项
的词义,短语have its origin in old beliefs,意为“起源于古老的信仰”,beliefs作in的宾语,符合语境,
故选A项。
87. B【解析】考查名词。句意:一旦你掌握了有用的技能,生活中的一切就会往好的方向发展。结合句意可
知,此处表示“变得更好”;change for the better“往好的方向发展”,better为形容词,不能做介词for的
宾语,the better表示“类别”的名词,意为更好的人或事物。作for的宾语。故选B项。
88. A
【解析】考查名词。句意:一起作战的士兵通常有强烈的兄弟情谊。A. brotherhood兄弟情谊;B. brother
兄弟;C. brothers兄弟(复数);D. brotherly兄弟的。根据上文“Soldiers who are fighting together”(一起作战
的士兵)可知,一起作战的士兵会有强烈的兄弟情谊,所以此处指“兄弟情谊”,应用名词brotherhood,
故选A。
89. A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:由于抄袭别人的设计是一种常见的做法,时装设计师协会最近敦促
政府通过法律来保护设计师的权利。A. practice练习,通常的做法;B. standard 标准,水平;C. sense感
觉;D. activity活动。根据句意可知,之所以时装设计师协会最近敦促政府通过法律来保护设计师的权利,
是因为抄袭设计太常见,成了一种惯常的做法,common practice意为“惯例”,common sense意为“常
识”,A项符合题意。故判断选A。
90. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析和名词词义辨析。句意:我们大多数人只愿意把批评的冷风施加到别人身上,
但不知何故却不愿意把赞美的温暖阳光给予我们的同伴。A. respond to对……作出回应,conflict冲突,矛
盾; B. apply to 把……应用到……,把……施加到……,criticism批评;C. react to对……作出反映,
threat威胁;D. reply to对……作出回复,superiority优越,优势。根据while可知,前后两句表示转折关
系。所以,the cold wind of ________和第二句话中的“give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise”正好相
反。和praise相反的是“批评(criticism)”。所以应该选B。apply sth. to sb.意为“将……应用到……,
将……施加到……”。该处指apply the cold wind of criticism to others(将批评的冷风施加到别人身上,即:
批评别人)。故选B。
91. D
【解析】考查词性。句意:安葬是在大清早进行的,没有举行葬礼。A. bury为动词,意为“埋葬”;B.
burying为动词bury的现在分词形式;C. buried为动词bury的过去分词形式;D. burial为名词,意为“埋
葬”。分析句子可知,句中缺少主语,故用名词形式作主语。故选D。
92. B
【解析】本题解析略。
93. C
【解析】考查量词短语。句意:在课程开始时,托尼先生总是有一些好消息告诉学生们。结合句意和选
项可知,news意为“新闻,消息”是不可数名词,想要表达数量,可用量词短语,即选项中的piece of,意为“条,个”,而量词短语中piece是可数的,其前有some修饰要用复数形式。故选C项。
94. B
【解析】考查名词作定语。句意:那个自行车商店就在附近,你不会错过的。分析句意可知,此处是指
“自行车商店”,用名词做定语表示性质、功能等,且名词作定语时一般常用单数名词形式,所以用名
词bicycle修饰名词shop表示“自行车商店”符合语境。故选B项。
95. C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:成为一名艺术家不容易,但是有时候对一名艺术家来说梦想是灵感
的丰富源泉。A. occasion场合;B. identification辨认;识别;C. inspiration灵感;D. occupation 占据;职
业。结合句意可知要成为一名艺术家,必须要拥有梦想,因为拥有梦想就拥有了灵感的源泉。故选C项。
96. A
【解析】考查名词。第一个experience作“经验”之意,为不可数名词,by experience凭经验,选A。
97. C
【解析】考查名词和非谓语动词。句意:这种新的音乐形式正在世界各地传播。根据不定冠词a,此处用
单数名词phenomenon(现象)。分析句子结构,空格二用非谓语动词,与前面名词phenomenon构成主
动关系,用现在分词形式,spreading符合题意。故选C项。
四、
98. the 99. learned/learnt 100. their 101. had been broken 102. secrets 103. based
104. to keep 105. deaths 106. about 107. which
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。
98. 考查冠词。此处特指第二次世界大战,序数词前面要用定冠词 the。故填the。
99. 考查时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情,所以此处用一般过去时
learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
100. 考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流,修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词
their。故填their。
101. 考查时态及语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn’t know it可
知,美国人破解了密码,但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn’t know之前,故本空
应用过去完成时,且根据语境可知此处应用被动语态,故填 had been broken。
102. 考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密,秘密不可能是一个,应用复数 secrets。故填
secrets。
103. 考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍印第安人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为
“以……为基础”,本空应用过去分词based。故填based。
104. 考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”,本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。105. 考查名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语,并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰,所以用名词复数。
故填deaths。
106. 考查介词。根据语境可知,他们对纳瓦霍印第安人的语言一无所知。know nothing about...意为
“对……一无所知”,本空应介词 about。故填about。