03 形容词与副词考查要点及应对策略
【考点精析】
考点1形容词和副词的句法功能
1.形容词主要用来修饰名词、代词, 表示事物或人的性质和特征,可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足
语或状语等。
I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. (作定语)
I know he is too optimistic but I don’t want to depress him. (作表语)
The room was found very dirty. (作主语补足语)
Optimism makes a life happier and more meaningful. (作宾语补足语)
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. (作状语)
注意：
(1)通常只作表语的形容词:
①以“a-”开头的形容词:afraid害怕的, alone孤单的, alive活着的, alike相似的, ashamed羞愧的, awake醒着
的;
②content, worth, ill(有病的,不舒服的), sure, liable, well等。
(2)通常不用“人”作主语的形容词:
possible, impossible, probable, convenient, necessary等。
(3)形容词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。
2.副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至整个句子,可作状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers help us patiently. (作状语)
The tide was out and they walked among the rock pools. (作表语)
Unfortunately, I was still very clumsy behind the wheel of the jeep. (作状语)
注意：
(1)有些副词并不修饰动词, 而是修饰整个句子, 表示说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有:
表递进 besides, further, then, moreover等
表结果 therefore, consequently, accordingly, thus等
表转折 though, instead, otherwise, however等
表等同 similarly, equally等
表对比 rather, oppositely等
表概括 altogether, generally等
表列举 first(ly), second(ly), finally等
表同位 namely等
表时间 meanwhile, sometimes, occasionally等表特指 particularly, especially等
(2)兼有两种形式的副词
其中一种形式与形容词相同,另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。
{close靠近地(指距离)
closely仔细地,密切地
{ free免费
freely自由地,自如地
{ deep深深地
deeply深刻地,非常
{ hard努力地
hardly几乎不
考点2形容词和副词的相互转化
1.大多数副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成。主要变化规律:
转化方法 例词
real—really;
一般情况下,在形容词词尾直接加-ly
helpful—helpfully
busy—busily;
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词要变-y为i,然后
angry—angrily;
再加-ly
easy—easily
terrible—terribly;
以-le结尾,去e直接加-y
gentle—gently
元音字母+e 结尾,先去掉e,然后再加-ly true—truly
以ll结尾的形容词只加-y full—fully
其他特殊情况 automatic—
以ic结尾的形容词加-ally automatically;energetic—
energetically
2.在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词。需要在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。如 early,
much, fast, little, wide, loud, well等。
It brought a wide smile to his face and laughter to his eyes. (形容词)
In a few seconds she was wide awake. (副词)
注意：下列单词以-ly结尾, 但却是形容词而非副词:lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, timely等。
考点3形容词和副词的比较级、最高级
1.比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则形式
①单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词, 在原级后加-er, -est构成, 如hard—harder—hardest。其他特殊变化见下表:
特殊情况 构成方式 例词
brave—braver—
以不发音的e结尾 加-r和-st
bravest
happy—happier—
以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i, 再加-er和-est
happiest
以重读闭音节结尾 双写词尾字母, 再加-er和-est hot—hotter—hottest
②多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more, most构成。
active—more active—most active
happily—more happily—most happily
注意：①少数双音节词及以-er或-le结尾的词,可以有两种比较级和最高级形式
common—commoner/more common—commonest/most common
②表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级。
(2)不规则形式
good/well—better—best
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
bad/ill/badly—worse—worst
2.比较等级的用法
(1)基本用法
①两者相比, 表示“和……一样”, 用“as+原级+as”表示。
He worked as fast as a qualified technician.
注意：在同级比较中, 若出现形容词修饰单数可数名词, 其语序为: as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。
John is as clever a boy as you wish to meet.
②两者相比, 表示“不如……”, 用“not as/so+原级+as”。
It is not so expensive as you might expect.
③两者相比, 表示“比……更”, 用“比较级+than”;表示“不比……更”, 用“not+比较级+than”。
The process of learning and developing is more important than the outcome.
Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.
注意：有些形容词本身含有比较的意义,其后面用to而不用than。如:superior to(优于,高于); inferior to (次
于); senior to (年长于,地位高于); junior to(地位低于); prior to (早于,较重要于)。
④三个或三个以上的人或事物比较, 表示最高程度时, 用“the+最高级+比较范围”。
Her sons are the most important people in her life.
(2)特殊用法
①“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get older.
②“the+比较级, the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。
The harder we work, the more progress we will make.
③“more+原级+than”表示“与其说……,不如说……”。
She is more diligent than clever.
④“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非……所能; ……不能”。
The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.
⑤“否定词+比较级”表示肯定的最高级。
I couldn’t agree with you any more.
⑥表示倍数的三个常用句型
a....倍数+as+原级+as...
The new building is three times as high as the old one.
b....倍数+比较级+than...
The new building is three times higher than the old one.
c....倍数+the size/length/width/height, etc.+of...
The new building is three times the height of the old one.
Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
=Our classroom is three times larger than theirs.
=Our classroom is three times the size of theirs.
3.比较级的修饰语
(1)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。
The theme of the play stood out even more clearly after it was revised.
(2)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。
I would say that intellect is by far the most important factor.
考点4常用的分词形容词
-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别:-ed形容词通常修饰人,意为“(某人)感到……”;-ing形容词通常修饰事物,
意为“(某事物)令人……”或“令人……的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有:interested/interesting;excited/
exciting;frightened/frightening;surprised/surprising;pleased/pleasing;moved/moving;disappointed/disappointing
等。
The wine was excellent, but the food was disappointing.
We will be pleased to answer any questions you may have.
注意：原则上,-ed 形容词通常直接用于修饰人,若修饰事物,则多为 look (表情), air(神态), appearance(外貌),
cry(哭声), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪)等显示某人的情感状况的名词。Roger just looked up at him with a surprised look.
A hand helped me out of the tree, and a frightened voice asked me if I was badly hurt.
特别提示：
语法填空题考法
1.看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。
2.看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。
3.看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4.看到and, or, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。
5.看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
【真题演练】
1.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)On the day of the accident, Mrs Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.
They both fell ____________(sleep) while watching TV.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way to make
their travel ____________ (afford).
3.(2022·浙江 1 月高考)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ____________(rough) 200
academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two
years ago.
4.(2022·北京高考)That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____________(bad).
5.(2022·浙江高考)Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of
____________(sight)people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
6.(2021· 全 国 乙 卷 )It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
____________(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,
and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
7.(2022· 全 国 乙 卷 )As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the
____________(large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote
the healthy development of the tea industry.
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)As we all sat there ____________(helpless), a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and
towed (拖) us back.
9.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The next technique is to write your draft ____________(rapid) without worrying about
being perfect.
10.(2022·全国乙卷)Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew ____________(exact) what wasasked of them.
11.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide ____________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【考点精练】
一、完成句子
1. 他若无其事地走进商店，天真地提出要花20美元买这只猫。
He walked into the store and offered to buy the cat for twenty dollars.
2. 谢谢你的帮助。如果你能在方便的时候尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
Thank you for your help. . (词汇不重，彰显水准)
3. 这幅画是他早期作品中相当典型的代表作。
This picture is fairly his early works.
4. 我画得没有她好。
I she does.
5. 有些软件会持续追踪你过去的消费记录，因此它们能够推断你将来会买些什么。
Some apps will your past purchases so they can
about what you will buy in the future.
6. If it is not treated correctly, the condition can prove .
如果治疗不当，这种病可能会致命。
7. 姚明被认为是世界上最受欢迎的篮球运动员之一。
Yao Ming is regarded one of basketball players in the world.
8. at how skillful they were, I just as good.
惊奇于他们的技术是如此娴熟，我决心要跟他们一样优秀。
9. 请把你的新自行车借给我，好吗?(so ... as to do )
Would you be me your new bike ?
10. You can’t find a hotel than this one. 你找不到比这家更好的宾馆啦。
11. 一句多译
这个国家会变得更加强大，而这将有利于世界和平。
①The country will become more powerful and that . ( beneficial adj. )
②The country will become more powerful and that . (benefit n. )
③The country will become more powerful and that . ( benefit vt. )
12. 我发现你很有魅力，很聪明。
I have found you .
13. 他想出了一个绝妙的主意。
He idea.14. 所知的这个教授的第一次惊人的发现追溯到许多年前。
The first discovery by this professor many years ago.
15. 克莱尔觉得，机器人向她表示同情，这是荒谬可笑的。
Clair thought it was to be offered by a robot.
16. They were traveling to the city which appeared in their dreams.
他们朝着东边向梦想中的城市进发。
Directions: Translate the following sentences.
17. Some people , while others .
有些人丰衣足食，而有些人却吃不饱。
18. . In comparison, .
东方人习惯在睡前洗澡。对比之下，西方人喜欢在起床后洗澡。
19. Compared with , .
和城市相比，乡村的经济相对落后。
20. Indeed, plays a much more important role than / when
compared with .
当然，与电视相比，因特网对我们日常生活的影响要大得多。
21. Nothing can equal in .
没有什么能在速度和舒适性上与飞机相比。
22. When it comes to , many people believe that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages, but
I view it a bit differently.
谈到送十几岁的孩子出国留学，很多人认为优点远多于缺点，但我的看法稍有不同。
23. For most people today, . But as for me, should be regarded as .
如今,多数人将上网作为获取信息的主要来源。但就我而言，读报应该被看作一种更好的来源。
24. Despite the fact that most of them prefer , I would like to choose .
尽管有许多人宁愿去饭店吃饭庆祝春节，我还是倾向于在家吃团圆饭。
25. 中秋节是中国最传统的节日之一。
The Mid-Autumn festival is in China.
26. 显然, 这些书籍适合正在学习英语的学生。
, these books the students who are learning English.
27. 很多男孩沉迷于电脑游戏，并发现很难戒掉。
Many boys computer games and they find it hard to quit.
28. He gave her .他向她投以赞赏的一瞥。
29. 我们为人民做得越多，就越幸福。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)we do for the people, we'll be.
30. It was an story.这故事令人惊讶不已。
31. I (宾补结构)
我发现这些高阶实验很有挑战性。
32. 作为第六届世界互联网大会的一名志愿者，他发现学好英语并具有跨文化交流的能力是必要的。
(find+宾语+宾补)
As a volunteer in the 6th World Internet Conference, he and have the ability of cross-cultural
communication.
33. My grandmother is preparing for the (即将到来的)Spring Festival. (根据汉语意思完成句子)
34. However， you are，the less likely it is you will be attacked.
然而，你越有礼貌，你就越不可能受到攻击。
35. 我应当为这一切后果承担责任。
I should for all the consequences.
36. 乍看上去，这个地方不像是首府，更像是矿工村。
At first sight the place looked a capital city than a mining camp.
37. 他还没有意识到可能的危险，如果单独在外太晚的话。（现在完成时; aware）
if he is out alone too late at night.
38. The magazine was packaged in a plastic case with attractive graphics.
这本杂志装在一个带有漂亮图纹的别致塑料盒子里。
39. 她对这个很棒的校园作了简短的描述。
She the amazing campus.
40. He keeps his house . 他让他的房子一尘不染。（用spot的短语或其适当形式填空）
二、单项选择
41. It’s so cold this morning. I can’t remember ________ before.
A. a cold day B. the coldest day C. a colder day D. the colder day
42. ________and angry，Mary began to cry loudly and then she ran out of the room.
A. Disappointed B. Disappointing
C. Being disappointed D. To be disappointing
43. Today, none of the artist’s other works is __________ this one.
A. fondly remembered as B. fondly remembered such as
C. as fondly remembered as D. such fondly remembered as
44. The manager was ________ to see many new products ________ after great effort.
A. satisfying; developing B. satisfied; developingC. satisfactory; development D. satisfied; developed
45. Stick to working hard at your lessons, and ____, you’ll make progress.
A. sooner or later B. first of all C. all in all D. generally speaking
46. All of us were ________ by the ________ question ________ by a six-year-old boy.
A. puzzled; puzzling; raising B. puzzling; puzzled; raised
C. puzzled; puzzling; raised D. puzzled; puzzled; being raised
47. -- ______________, I can make it home by 8:30 when the football game will be on TV.
-- Well, it depends on how efficiently you work.
A. Obviously B. Gradually
C. Hopefully D. Fortunately
48. After an absence of ten days，the missing boy returned home，__________.
A. feeling tired and soundly
B. tiring but sound
C. tired but sound
D. felt tired and sound
49. ________ the boy is to learn to talk!
A. How slow B. How slowly C. What a slow D. What a slowly
50. The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; ___________, it caused 20 deaths.
A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besides
51. He says he is unable to give up smoking. He is completely________.
A. addicted. B. addictive C. addiction D. addicting
52. The policeman came up to the only house with the door ________, ________ there for a while and then
entered it.
A. open; standing B. opening; stood C. open; stood D. opened; standing
53. The professor could tell by the _________ look in Maria’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his
lecture.
A. cold B. blank C. innocent D. fresh
54. —The scarf is a real bargain.
—Why not take them two? They are beautiful and this one is ___________ than that one.
A. no more expensive B. more expensive
C. most expensive D. so expensive
55. You don’t need to wear a suit; it’s an ________ meeting.
A. informal B. recognise C. gradually D. frog56. At present, lots of people would rather ________ in the country because there is ________ pollution in the
city.
A. live; more B. to live; less C. live; less D. to live; more
57. －Did you have a good sleep last night?
－Yes, never sleep ____.
A. badly B. better C. worse D. best
58. Life is full of________. School is thought as the most________obstacle in the lives of youth today.
A. challenge, challenging B. challenges, challenged
C. challenges, challenging D. challenging, challenges
59. —Who do you think will be the winner, Thomas or Henry?
—No matter who wins, it will be a _____ winning. Because both of them have done a good job.
A. narrow B. complete
C. likely D. mild
60. —How did you sleep last night?
—Like a dog. Never slept ________.
A. well B. worse C. badly D. better
61. In the past, travellers from Europe to Indonesia _________ months at sea, but now we just have to sit on a
plane for a few hours, so in some ways the planet seems to _________.
A. have spent, get smaller B. would have spent, be getting small
C. had spent, get smaller D. spent, be getting smaller
62. — Did you take enough money with you?
— Yes, but I spent _______ I had expected.
A. not so many as B. as many as C. much more than D. much less than
63. —How do you like the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games?
—Perfect. I've never seen a ____________one.
A. good B. better C. best
64. The child seemed________ when he found his present broken.
A. to annoy B. annoying C. annoyed D. being annoying
65. In the past ten years, the ________mountain climber _________ a lot from his own adventurous _______
A. experienced; experienced; experience
B. experience; experienced; experiences
C. experienced; has experienced; experiences
D. experience; has experience; experience66. —What’s wrong?
—Nothing serious.I’m just ________ busy.
A. much B. more
C. too much D. far too
67. —Paul. Do you prefer weekdays or weekends?
—Weekdays, of course. I’m ________ on weekends.
A. busy B. much busier C. more busier D. the busiest
68. You’d better book the tickets in advance; _______ we may miss the concert.
A. however B. therefore C. nevertheless D. otherwise\
69. After taking tennis classes, Tim is much ________ than last year.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
70. The food________ easily and sells________.
A. cooks; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good
71. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, families gather to admire the ______ moon.
A. shine B. shining C. shone D. shines
72. He went to bed ______. The next morning he woke up only ______ himself lying on the floor.
A. drinking; to find B. drunk; to find
C. being drunk; finding D. to drink; finding
73. We need not feel ashamed of our failure. We may, _______, face it realistically and accept it optimistically.
A. thus B. otherwise
C. instead D. indeed
74. Of the two Australian students , Masha is ________ one. I think you can find her easily.
A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest
三、用单词的适当形式完成句子
75. We are proud of our achievements and (hope)for the future.
76. We heard a s news that he died yesterday.
77. I found it hard to follow what the teacher was saying, and (eventual) I lost concentration.
78. How wonderfully she sang! I have never heard a （beautiful）voice.
79. We (brave) drove off again two hours later after we’d returned home to get the purse and
traveler’s checks Mom had forgotten.
80. We can’t focus on our homework because of the (disturb) noise.
81. Physical exercise can not only help make muscles strong but also help us get relaxed and study more(efficient).
82. Simon is so (fit)—he gets breathless just from walking up the stairs to the second floor.
83. Your encouragement made me more (confidence) about my future.
84. With a bundle of cartoon (month), the postman walked out of the elevator, squeezed through the
crowded corridor sideways.
85. Learning English as a second language can be a （pain）experience.
86. It was great fun walking along the streets, enjoying the （relax） atmosphere.
87. We cannot guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in (fog) weather.
88. The path before you leads to a (challenge) world.
89. Nowadays, people are trying to have a varied and (balance) diet to improve their living quality.
90. The lecture is believed to be meaningful and (practice).
91. This lady was (genuine) surprised at what happened to her decent banjo.
92. I was getting more and more (annoy) and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to
concentrate.
93. My dad called me to tell me the good news.
94. We are much (convince) of our success in the football match.
95. This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. (obvious), Don
had somehow made the vehicle move.
96. You write an unkind message about someone ,intending to send it to a friend, but (accident) send
it to the person you ‘re discussing.
97. For the you made, you’ve got a record. (crime)
98. The bushes and maple trees outside their windows were red, gold and orange, and there was on the
ground, confirming that autumn had arrived in Canada and the windows of each household would be
.(frost)
99. Research shows that laughing has (significance) benefits.
100. His father was looking (angry) at him because he had made a serious mistake.
101. The longer I live alone, the (satisfy) I become about my home.
102. It is (demand)work but he thinks it is worthwhile.
103. He devoted himself to the research and (frequent) went to the library to look up related
information in his spare time.
104. It’s a wonder that he won the first place in the race, as he was never (formal) trained.
四、语法填空
Ms. Mary was over eighty, but she still drove her old car like half her age. She loved driving very fast, andboasted of the fact 105 she had never, in her thirty-five years of driving, been punished 106 a driving
mistake.
Then one day, she nearly lost her record. A police car followed her, and the policemen in it saw her pass a red
light without 107 （stop).
When Ms. Mary came before the judge, he looked at her severely and said that she was too old to drive a car,
and that the reason 108 she had not stopped at red light was most probably that her eyes had become weak
109 old age, so that she had simply not seen it.
When the judge had finished 110 he was saying, Ms. Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and
took out her sewing. Without saying a word, she 111 choose) a needle with a very small eye, and threaded it
at the first time.
When she had 112 （success) done this, she took the thread out of the needle again and handed both the
needle and thread to the judge, saying, “Now it is your turn. I suppose you can drive a car well, and you have no
doubts 113 your eyesight.”
The judge took the needle and tried to thread it. After half a dozen times, he had still not succeeded. The case
against Ms. Mary 114 (dismiss解雇), and her record remained unbroken.
