名词性从句（讲义）
目录
一 主语从句
二 宾语从句
三 表语从句
四 同位语从句
五 名词性从句易错题剖析
六 高考模拟试题
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、
宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、
宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放
在句子末尾。
it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强
调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用
who/whom。例如：
1. It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
2. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
3. It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型）
4. It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）
用it作形式主语的结构
1. It is+名词+从句
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is an honor that… 非常荣幸……
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
2. It is+形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
3. It is+不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that… 似乎……
It happened (to sb.) that… 碰巧……
4. It+过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that… 已证实……
It is said that… 据说……
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
1. if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
2. It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It is said that our headmaster will go to New York next week.
错误表达：That our headmaster will go to New York next week is said.
3. It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. x-kw
4. It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
5. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。
例如：
正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?
what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
what引导主语从句时，在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当任何成分。
例如：
1. What you said yesterday is right.
2. That she is still alive is a consolation(安慰).
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
作动词的宾语1. 由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。
例如：
I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
2. 由what，whether (if) 引导的宾语从句。
例如：
She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
I wonder whether you can help me with my English. 我想知道你是否能帮我学习英语。
3. 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她告诉我说她会接受我的邀请。
作介词的宾语
例如：
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
作形容词的宾语
例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced,
determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt,
satisfied, content等。
it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作形式主语，还可以作形式宾语而真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。
例如：
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个月就会结婚了。
后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词
后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：
正确表达：I admire their winning the match.
错误表达：I admire that they won the match.
否定转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若
含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从
句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用
的还有The reason is that…和It is because…等结构。
例如：
1. The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2. This is why we can’t get the support of the people. xk/w
3. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。
例如：
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1. 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中
的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2. 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定；同位语从句是名词性的，其
功能是对名词进行补充说明。
例如：
(1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
（第一个that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
(2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
（that引导同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）名词性从句易错题剖析
易错陷阱1：主语从句连接词what/that/whether/if易混易错点
【分析】 1.that引导主语从句时，无词义，只起连接作用，一般不能省略。what在从句中作主语、宾
语、表语和定语。
2. whether引导的主语从句可放在句首，if引导主语从句在句尾，且用it作形式主语。
3. It作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。
4. What引导主语从句时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，若表语是复数，则谓语用复数。
易错陷阱2：宾语从句引导词及介词后接宾语从句易混易错点
【分析】1.doubt用于肯定句时，宾语从句用whether，doubt用于否定句时，宾语从句用that引导。
2. 介词后跟宾语从句时只能用wh-类连接词引导；如：I’m surprised at what he said.
3. 介词后如果跟that从句，要先加it作形式宾语，再加that从句。
如：depend on it that...; rely on it that...; see to it that...等。
4. 宾语从句的时态：主句是现在时或将来时，从句用句意的各种时态。主句是过去时， 从句用
相应的过去时态。 从句表示客观事实或真理，从句都用现在时。
易错陷阱3：表语从句引导词及三个句式易混易错点
【分析】1. as if/as though 引导时，从句可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
2. That is why+结果，表示“那就是.....的原因”。
3. That is because+原因，表示“那是因为......”。
4. The reason why/for... is that ..., 表示“......的原因是......”。
易错陷阱4：同位语从句与定语从句易混易错点
【分析】that引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作句子成分；that引导定语从句时，在定语从句中作主语或
宾语。同位语经常修饰的名词有：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message, belief, opinion,
possibility, thought, wish, truth, question, problem, reply, answer, report, suggestion, advice, order, warning
等。
主语从句引导词what/that/whether/if易混易错点
【例1】 Huawei withstood strict sanctions from the US govt. and now able to produce their own 5G phones, a
great victory! does not kill you will make you stronger!
易错分析：谓语动词判断错误容易易引起句子结构的误判，两个动词时需先判断主句谓语动词。
__________ people in western countries think we Muslim women are oppressed and controlled by men is wrong.
易错分析：长难句结构分析失误，主句谓语动词容易找错。
It is possible _________ caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
易错分析：对形式主语it的用法掌握不牢。
For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. ___________ is special is that she is able to
recite it without an accent.
宾语从句引导词及介词后跟宾语从句易混易错点【例2】 These words of her give us a look into the heart of this amazing woman, and ___________ carried her
through a life of hard choices.
易错分析：本题因为句子成分判断错误引起句意理解不当，从而影响并列连词 and之后的句子成分和句
意。
On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually people will weigh themselves and compare their weight to
___________ it was at the Start of Summer.
Many love to find out ___________ the pictures were originally taken.
易错分析：只关注句子成分而忽略句意则容易误填that。句法和句意结合是解题必不可少的。
Phrases like “replace weapons of war with gifts of jade and silk” and “gentle as jade” perfectly
show___________jade symbolizes in the minds of Chinese people.
表语从句引导词及三个句式易混易错点
【例3】This is___________they need an English trainer.
易错分析：表语从句三大易混句式掌握不牢，且句意理解不清。
The fresh thin air, snow-covered mountains and graceful animals running on the plains are ___________we’re
here-to observe Tibetan antelopes, which are being hunted, legally, for their valuable fur.
易错分析：表语从句中往往涉及长句，则句子结构分析和句意都不可忽视。
It has rich cultural tourism resources as it is___________ Mount Tai rises, the Yellow River flows into the sea, and
Confucius was born.
In my case this is___________ happened—my parents turned in to me and my needs and the shyness all but
disappeared completely over time.
同位语从句与定语从句易混易错点
【例 4】Therefore our findings raise an exciting possibility___________ we may be able to promote health
and happiness by developing positive attitudes such as optimism.”
易错分析：同位语从句经常修饰的名词记忆不牢，而且句子较长容易引起句意理解错误。
Despite the fact ___________ a skywell’s size and design vary from region to region, it is almost always
rectangular (长方形) and located in the core of a house.
My question ___________ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
易错分析：同位语从句引导词不仅用that，还可用其他连词如，whether, who, what, when, where等。
Catching sight of the sunrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea___________he wanted to race against
the sun to see who ran faster!
高考模拟试题一、单项选择
1．（2024·天津河北·二模）Visiting the Forbidden City, I was amazed by ______ ancient Chinese architects
accomplished such impressive design and construction.
A．that B．what C．which D．how
2．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it.
A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever
3．（2024·山东·三模）______ I have got a full mark is good news for me.
A．As B．If C．Whether D．That
4．（2024·山东·三模）He spends a lot of time on Tik Tok. That’s ______ his sight get worse and worse.
A．because B．why C．how D．what
5．（2024·天津河西·二模）Didn’t it ever occur to you ______ the English poem was about? Understanding its
theme is the most important thing.
A．that B．when C．how D．what
6．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile.
A．what B．that C．which D．how
7．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep
and memory.
A．that B．what C．how D．whether
8．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA
2023 held in Chengdu.
A．that B．which C．what D．when
9．（2024·天津·一模）It remains to be seen __________ the traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation
after they are released.
A．whether B．which C．that D．what
10．（2024·天津武清·一模）If you spend equal time studying each subject, the chances are ______ you may fail
in the exam.
A．how B．what C．when D．that
11．（2024·天津和平·三模）How long do you think ______ the conflict between Russia and Ukraine comes to
an end?
A．it will be since B．will it be until C．it will be before D．will-it be when
12．（2024·天津北辰·三模）______ counts now is not to blame anyone but to make a united effort to solve theproblem.
A．How B．What C．That D．Which
13．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The question is ________ the film is worth seeing.
A．where B．that C．whether D．what
14．（2024·天津河东·一模）With the high-quality development, Tianjin has taken a new look. It isn’t ______it
used to be.
A．what B．how C．that D．which
15．（2024·天津和平·一模）Can you fill me ______ has happened?
A．in on what B．in that C．with which D．on what
16．（23-24高三下·天津·一模）Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has
acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too.
A．which, that B．that, what C．what, that D．that, which
17．（23-24·上海·三模）It was widely confirmed by scientists that that was exactly ________ global greenhouse
gas emission needs to be addressed as soon as possible.
A．why B．how C．when D．whether
18．（23-24·广东广州·三模）The manager put forward a suggestion ______ we should have an assistant. There
is too much work to do.
A．whether B．that C．which D．why
19．（2024·山东·一模）—__________he will want to do is nothing.
—Really? It may sometimes become quite a problem.
A．That B．Whether C．How D．What
20．（23-24高三上·天津二模）________ is often the case, I assume, is the fact that when looking back, the
bittersweet senior life is always one’s highlight in pursuit of dream.
A．As B．Which C．That D．What
二、翻译
21．（23-24高三·上海宝山·三模）不管他怎么辩解，也无法说服在场的人认同他是无辜的。(persuade)
22．（23-24高三·上海宝山·二模）坦白说，你昨天在会上表达的观点还是有争议的。(controversial)
23．（23-24高三·上海普陀·一模）我们要关注的不是孩子们的言语，而是他们在创造性地解决问题的情况
下的行动。(not...but)24．（23-24高三·上海松江·二模）球员个人是否拥有出色的得分能力固然重要，但场上取胜的关键在于团
队合作。(matter)
25．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫无疑问，这个历史小镇已成为了很多游客追捧的旅游胜地。(doubt)
