第6 讲 U3 核心词汇
（知识全梳理&考点精准练）
内容导航
01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向
02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构
考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑
例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路
即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容
03 过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提
关键词
学习目标导航
学习目标
掌握单元单词词义、全套词性转换、职业类名词变形；
熟记一词多义、固定搭配、易混词汇用法、集合名词语法规则；
熟练完成词形填空、完成句子、选词填空、语法选择、短文填空五类题型。
学习重点
词形转换：动词↔名词、形容词变形、人物职业名词、物主代词变形；
易混形容词辨析：lively/live/alive/living、amazed/amazing；
高频词多义、固定短语、特殊集合名词主谓一致规则；
物主代词、不定式、介词、时态等语法结合词汇综合运用。
学习难点
以 - ly 结尾的形容词（lively、friendly 等）易误判为副词；
maybe 与 may be、名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词区分；
集合名词 audience 主谓单复数灵活判断；
语境区分 - ing/ed 形容词，结合时态、固定结构变形单词。
第一部分 词性变化
一、重点单词词性转换梳理
1.guidance n.指导；guide v.引导
2.practical adj.实际的； practice v.练习
3.service
n.服务； serve v.服务； servant n.仆人
4.artistic adj.艺术的； art n.艺术； artist n.艺术家
5.officer n.长官；official adj.官方的； office n.办公室
6.architect n.建筑师； architecture n.建筑
7.designer n.设计师； design v.设计
8.entertain v.使娱乐； entertainment n.娱乐
9.arrive v.到达； arrival n.到达
10.knowledge n.知识；knowledgeable adj.知识渊博的
11.education n.教育； educate v. 教育； educational adj.教育的
12.readiness
n.乐意； ready adj.乐意的
13.communication n.交流；communicate v.交流
14.training n.培训； train v.训练
15.taste v.品尝； tasty adj.美味的
16.pride n.自豪； proud adj.自豪的
17.exactly adv.确切地； exact adj.准确的
18.distance n.距离； distant adj.遥远的
19.deliver v.递送；delivery n.递送
20.lively adj.活泼的； live v.生活；alive adj.活着的； living adj.活着的
21.experience n.经验
experienced
adj.有经验的
22.carry v.搬运
carrier n. 搬运者
23.act v.表演； actor n.男演员； actress n.女演员
24.amazing adj.令人惊叹的 amazed adj.感到惊叹的 amaze adj.使惊奇
25.simple
adj. 简单的
simply adv. 仅仅不过
26.interview v./n.面试；采访 interviewer n.面试官；采访者 interviewee n.接受面试者；被采
访者
27.person
n.个人
personal adj.个人的
personality n.性格
词性转换默写卷
1._____________ n.指导；_____________ v.引导
2._____________ adj.实际的； _____________
v.练习
3._____________
n.服务； _____________
v.服务；
4.____________ adj.艺术的；_____________ n.艺术___________ n.艺术家
5._____________ n.长官；_____________ adj.官方的；_____________n.办公室
6._____________
n.建筑师； _____________ n.建筑
7._____________
n.设计师； _____________
v.设计
8._____________
v.使娱乐； _____________
n.娱乐
9._____________ v.到达；_____________ n.到达
10._____________
n.知识；_____________ adj.知识渊博的
11._____________ n.教育； _____________ v. 教育； _____________ adj.教育的
12._____________ n.乐意；_____________ adj.乐意的
13._____________ n.交流；_____________ v.交流
14._____________ n.培训；_____________ v.训练
15._____________
v.品尝；_____________ adj.美味的
16._____________ n.自豪；_____________ adj.自豪的
17._____________ adv.确切地； _____________ adj.准确的
18._____________ n.距离； _____________ adj.遥远的
19._____________ v.递送；_____________ n.递送
20._____________ adj.活泼的； _____________ v.生活；_____________
adj.活着的(做
表语）； _____________ adj.活着的（做前置定语）
21._____________
n.经验
_____________
adj.有经验的
22._____________
v.搬运
_____________ n. 搬运者
23._____________ v.表演；____________ n.男演员；___________ n.女演员
24._____________ adj.令人惊叹的 _____________ adj.感到惊叹的 _____________
adj.使惊奇
25._____________ adj. 简单的
_____________ adv. 仅仅不过
26._____________ v./n.面试；采访 _____________ n.面试官；采访者 _____________ n.接
受面试者；被采访者
27._____________ n.个人 _____________ adj.个人的 _____________ n.性格
第二部分 重点单词详解
考点1. duty / ˈdjuːti / n.责任:义务:本分;税;关税
It is my duty to report it to the police,把这事报告给警方是我的责任。
A teacher's duties include correcting students’ papers.老师的职贵包括批阅学生试卷。
on/off duty 值(或下)班;值(或不值)勤
Who's on duty today?今天谁值班?
What time do you go off duty?你什么时候不班?
考点2. hold-held-held / həʊld /v.拿着;抓住;容纳;包含;举行;进行;保持(记录等)
She was holding a large box.她提着一只大箱子。
The plane holds about 300 passengers.这架飞机可容纳大约 300 名乘客。
The meeting will be held in the community centre.会议将在社区活动中心举行。
Who holds the world record for the long jump?跳远世界纪录的保持者是谁?
hold on(电话用语)别挂断,等一下
Can you hold on? I’ll see if he's here.等一下行吗?我去看看他在不在,
take hold of 抓住;拿着;握着
Mr Li took hold of the dog by its collar.李先生拉住了狗的项圈。
考点3. audience / ˈɔːdiəns /n.观众:听众;读者
The audience has/have been clapping for 10 minutes.观众已经鼓掌10 分钟了。
His book reached a wide audience,他的书拥有广泛的读者。
【tips】audience 是个集合名词。当其作主语且视为一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;当其视为一组个体时,
谓语动词用复数形式。
考点4. above / əˈbʌv / adv.(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过,更多,更大
A score of 70 or above will get you an“A”.70 分或以上就可以得 A。
【tips】above 还可以作介词:
(1)在……的上面We were flying above the clouds.我们在云层上面飞。
(2)(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过,多于,大于We can accept children above the age of 10.我们能接受 10 岁以上
的儿童。
above all 最重要的是;尤其是 (相当于especially 或most important of all)
Above all，keep in touch.最要紧的是保持联系
考点5. maybe / ˈmeɪbi / adv.有可能 (相当于 perhaps)
Maybe he’ll come, or maybe he won't.他可能来,也可能不来.
【tips】maybe 和 may be 在英语中都可以表示可能性,但它们的用法和含义有所不同。
maybe 是一个副词,通常用于句首,表示对某事可能发生的猜测或不确定性。
may be 是由情态动词may 和连系动词 be 组成的短语,在句子中间使用。通常表示对某事的推测。
It may be true.这可能是真的。
He may be in the office.他可能在办公室。
考点6. everything / ˈevriθɪŋ /pron.每样事物
I have packed everything for our tip.我已经为我们的旅行打包了所有的东西。
【tips】everything 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。当 everything 和形容词连用时,形容词需后置。
Everything useful should be kept well.每一件有用的东西都应该保存。
考点7.fresh / freʃ / adj.新鲜的;新的;新近的
Make sure you eat plenty of good fresh food.确保你摄入充足的新鲜食物
We need to take a fresh look at the problem.我们需要重新看待该问题。(相当于 new)
The accident was still fresh in her mind.那场事故仍历历在目,令她记忆犹新。(相当于recent)
考点8.kilometre (AmE kilometer)/ kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r) /n.公里:千米
My uncle walks two kilometres to work every morning.我叔叔每天早上步行两公里去上班。
【tips】kilometre 是个合成词,它由 kilo(千)和 metre(米)两个单词组成用于表示长度和距离,缩写成km。
类似的合成词还有:kilogram(千克), kilowatt(千瓦)等。
考点9. ever /ˈevə(r)/ adv.在任何时候:从来 (用于否定句和疑问句,或与if 连用的句子)
Don't you ever get tired?难道你从来不累吗?
If you're ever in Shanghai, do give me a call.无论什么时候你到了上海一定要给我打个电话。
考点10.lively / ˈlaɪvli /adj.有活力的;活泼的
Jenny is a lively girl.珍妮是一个充满活力的女孩。
Everything is lively here.这里的一切都非常有生命力。
【tips】lively 是由形容词 live 和后缀-ly 构成的,仍然具有形容词的属性。类似以-ly 结尾的形容词还有:
friendly 友好的;lovely 可爱的;lonely 孤独的;deadly 致命的;;timely 及时的,适时的
weekly 每周的;monthly 每月的;yearly 每年的
lively discussion 热烈的讨论
lively music 活泼的音乐
lively interest 浓厚的兴趣
lively performance 充满活力的表演
考点11.matter / ˈmætə(r) /v.事关紧要;要紧;有重大影响 n.问题;事情
Happiness matters most.
(=Happiness is the most important.)开心最重要。
The children matter more to her than anything else in the world.
(= She cares about the children more than anyone else in the world.)对于她来说在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要
的了。
It doesn't matter to me what you do.你做什么我无所谓
I'd like to talk to you about a personal matter.我想和你谈点私事
What's the matter? 你怎么了?(相当于 What's wrong?)
考点12.set /set/n.摄影场;布景;场景
a film set 电影场景 a stage set 舞台布景 a set designer 布景师
【tips】set 作名词时,还可以表示“一套,一副,一组(类似的东西)”。
I have collected a complete set of her novels.我已经收集了她全套的小说。
【tips】set 还可以作动词用,有“以…为……设置背景;设置;放置;树立(榜样)”等意思。
The film is set in London in the 1960s.这部电影的背景设定在 20 世纪 60 年代的伦敦。
I need to set the alarm clock for7a.m.我需要把闹钟定在早上7 点。
考点13.line / laɪn / n.台词
She spent hours every day to recite her lines for the school play.她每天花费好几个小时背学校戏剧的台词。
【tips】line 作名词还可以表示“排;行;线条”等意思。
The children all stood in a line.孩子们全都站成一排。
Please draw a straight lime under the correct answer.请在正确答案下面画一条直线。
【tips】1ine 也可以作动词,意为“排队”。
一、单词拼写
1．This bookshop sells all sorts of books and ________. (dictionary)
2．After two months of ________, his younger brother could swim. (train)
3．My brother wants to be an ________ when he grows up. (art)
4．Is this your book or ________ (my)?
5．This ________ (singer) songs always make me feel happy.
6．Well done! Your answer is ________ right. (exact)
7．I was so ________ that my son had been chosen for the national team. (pride)
8．If you want to be a cook, you need to have ________ of biology and art. (know)
9．Little Tom wants to be an ________ when he grows up. (engine)
10．You need to have good ________ (communicate) skills to become a good police officer.
11．While the idea is interesting, we need to find a more ________ solution. (practice)
12．Tomorrow is my best ________ (friend) birthday, and I want to buy a gift for her.
13．Tom wants to be a ________ (design) when he grows up.
14．This ________ (postman) son is only five years old.
15．With children around, they can have a ________ (live) party.
16．As we know, Suzy’s dream is to be an _______ like Picasso in the future. (art)
17．Whose ping-pong bats are these, your brother’s or ________ (your)?
18．Look at my classroom. There are ________ (children) paintings on the walls.
19．Wang Han looks up at Ms Chen. His eyes meet ________ (she) and his mouth feels dry.
20．This pink dress is my ________ (cousin).
二、完成句子
21．课后我们喜欢互相聊天或在操场上玩。
After class, we like ________ or playing on the playground.
22．I, biology, it, interesting, because, like, is
__________________
23．这是谁的网球？它是我表妹的。
________ tennis ball is this? It’s my ________
24．Those pens are theirs. （改为同义句）
Those are ________ ________.
25．You must open your books to Page 10. (改为祈使句)
→_________________________________________
26．在学校, 我们应该相互帮助。
We should help ________ ________ at school.
27．love, help, other, we, and, each （.）（连词成句）
________________________________________
28．你可以问你的新同学：你叫什么名字？
You can ask your new classmate, “What’s ________?”
29．在这个新学期的开始，我们学了如何用英语互相问候。
At the beginning of this new term, we learned how to greet ________ in English.
30．That dog is Mike’s.（就划线部分提问）
________ ________ that dog?
三、选词填空
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词填空，使短文意思完整。
sings, driver, talking, busy, but, first, turns, starts, world, nice
Mr. Green is friendly. He is a good bus 31 in a big city. All day, he drives a bus through 32
streets. He is always happy. And the people on his bus are happy, too.
One morning, Mr. Green 33 his big yellow and blue bus. At the 34 bus stop, many people
get on the bus. When he drives on, he begins 35 to the passengers(乘客). “It is seven now. The sky is blue.
It will not rain today. We all like sunshine, don’t we?” At the No.5 stop, a very old man gets on. “This boy is
36 and he will give you his seat,” Mr. Green says. The boy’s face 37 red. He stands up at once.
“Most people want to be nice,” Mr. Green tells the old man. “They want to do the right things, 38
sometimes they need a push(推力). So I just give them one.” Mr. Green always 39 his own song. “I love
you, Mr. Sunshine. I love you, Mr. Sun. In the 40 , I love you best. You are my best friend.”
四、语法选择
Kate is from London. She is 41 art teacher in a middle school. Her students all like 42
very much. She 43 art well and she is friendly to her students. She has two lessons 44 Friday in
the morning and one in the afternoon. She will teach her students to draw birds this week. Jenny 45 one of
her students. She is really good at 46 and she wants to be an artist
School finishes at 4:00 in the afternoon. After school, Kate doesn’t 47 home. She stays in the art
room with 48 students. They will take part in (参加) the art show next week. So they practice (练习) hard.
Kate gets home at 7:00 p.m. It’s late, 49 she is happy, because she likes being a teacher and she is
glad 50 her students.
41．A．a
B．an
C．the
42．A．her
B．she
C．hers
43．A．teach
B．teaches
C．teaching
44．A．at
B．in
C．on
45．A．is
B．are
C．am
46．A．draw
B．draws
C．drawing
47．A．go
B．goes
C．going
48．A．some
B．any
C．much
49．A．because
B．so
C．but
50．A．help
B．to help
C．helping
五、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入1 个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Do you like playing video games (电子游戏) ? Maybe you’d like 51 (be) a game tester (测试员).
When a new video game is out, game testers have to play 52 game and make sure it works. Does that
sound like fun to you? Well, let’s hear what one game tester, Steve, has to say.
“We sit and look 53 a screen all day,” says Steve. “But it’s not like playing a game at home. We
don’t play a game from start to finish. We spend a lot of time 54 (find) problems with the games. We
55 (usual) test a game again and again. It’s not very interesting at all.
Game testers can’t choose 56 (they) games. “Sometimes I have to test a game that’s for young
57 (child),” says Steve. “Testing the same game all week is quite 58 (bore).”
Steve says a game tester 59 (work) for long hours but he doesn’t get lots of money. Many people
only stay in the job for a few months. But the game company (公司) can always find new game testers easily
60 there are always lots of young people who want to be game testers. They think it will be great fun!
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