第5 讲 U2 核心词汇
（知识全梳理&考点精准练）
内容导航
01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向
02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构
考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑
例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路
即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容
03 过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提
关键词
学习目标导航
学习目标
掌握单元核心单词词义、全套词性变形与不规则动词过去式 / 分词；
熟记一词多义、固定搭配、核心句型，区分易混形容词；
熟练完成词形填空、选词填空、语法选择、短文动词填空四类题型。
学习重点
词形转换：动词↔名词、形容词↔名词、正反义形容词、副词变形；
不规则动词变形：deal-dealt、sink-sank-sunk、ring-rang-rung 等；
高频词多义与固定短语、常考句式；
结合时态、固定结构灵活变换单词形式解题。
学习难点
易混形容词辨析：alive/living/lively、disappointed/disappointing；
特殊形容词用法：alive 仅作表语 / 后置定语、honest 元音开头用 an；
语境判断词义与时态，动词过去式不规则变形易混淆。
第一部分 词性变化
1
deal v.处理 -dealt-dealt
2
deep adj.深的； depth n.深度； deeply adv.深深地
3
belief n.相信；believe v. 相信
4
ourselves pron.我们自己； our pron. 我们的； ours pron. 我们的东西
5
weak adj.虚弱的 weakness n.弱点
6
difficulty n. 难处
difficult adj. 困难的
7
honest adj. 诚实的； dishonest adj.不诚实的；honesty n.诚实
8
alive adj.活着的； living adj.活着的；lively adj.生动的
9
final adj. 最终的； finally adv. 最终地
10
sink v.下沉 -sank-sunk
11
news n.消息； newspaper n.报纸
12
funny adj.滑稽的； fun n.有趣的事
13
disappointment n. 失望； disappointed adj.感到失望的；disappointing adj. 令人失望的；
disappoint v.使失望
14
respond v. 回应； response n. 回应
15
ring v.回响-rang-rung
16
decide v.决定； decision n.决定
17
become v.变成-became-become
18
preparation n.准备； prepare v.准备
19
crowd n.人群； crowded adj.拥挤的
20
bright adj.明亮的； brightly adv. 明亮地
21
enter v.进入； entrance n.入口
22
design v.设计；designer n.设计师
23
competition n.竞赛； compete v.竞争；competitive adj.有竞争力的
competitor n.竞争者
24
firmly adv.坚定地； firm adj.坚实的
25
counsellor n.心理咨询师； counselling n.心理辅导
26
talent n.天赋； talented adj.有天赋的
27
brave adj. 勇敢的； bravery n.勇气；bravely adv.有勇气地
28
important adj.重要的； importance n.重要性
29
follow v.跟随； following adj.接下来的
30
tradition n.传统； traditional adj.传统的
31
encourage v.鼓励； encouraging adj. 鼓舞人心的；encouragement n.鼓励
32
breath n.呼吸； breathe v.呼吸
33
strong adj.强大的； strongly adv.强大地
34
suggest v.建议； suggestion n.建议
35
silent adj.安静的；silence n.安静
36
worry v. 担心； worried adj. 担心的
词性转换默写版
1
________ v.处理 -________-________
2
________ adj.深的；________n.深度；________adv.深深地
3
________ n.相信；________ v. 相信
4
________ pron.我们自己；________ pron. 我们的；________ pron. 我们的东西
5
________ adj.虚弱的 ________ n.弱点
6
________ n. 难处 ________ adj. 困难的
7
________ adj. 诚实的；________ adj.不诚实的；________ n.诚实
8
________ adj.活着的；________ adj.活着的；________ adj.生动的
9
________ adj. 最终的；________ adv. 最终地
10
________ v.下沉 -________-________
11
________ n.消息；________ n.报纸
12
________ adj.滑稽的；________ n.有趣的事
13
________ n. 失望；________ adj.感到失望的；________ adj. 令人失望的；________ v.
使失望
14
________ v. 回应；________ n. 回应
15
________ v.回响-________-________
16
________ v.决定；________n.决定
17
________ v.变成-________-________
18
________ n.准备；________ v.准备
19
________ n.人群；________ adj.拥挤的
20
________ adj.明亮的；________ adv. 明亮地
21
________ v.进入；________ n.入口
22
________ v.设计；________ n.设计师
23
________ n.竞赛；________ v.竞争；________ adj.有竞争力的
________ n.竞争者
24
________ adv.坚定地；________ adj.坚实的
25
________ n.心理咨询师； ________n.心理辅导
26
________ n.天赋；________adj.有天赋的
27
________ adj. 勇敢的；________ n.勇气；________ adv.有勇气地
28
________ adj.重要的；________ n.重要性
29
________ v.跟随；________ adj.接下来的
30
________ n.传统；________adj.传统的
31
________ v.鼓励；________ adj. 鼓舞人心的；________n.鼓励
32
________ n.呼吸；________v.呼吸
33
________ adj.强大的；________ adv.强大地
34
________ v.建议；________ n.建议
35
________ adj.安静的；________ n.安静
36
________ v. 担心； ________ adj. 担心的
第二部分 重点单词详解
考点1. radio n.无线电广播；收音机
【提示】常用turn on/off the radio 表示“打开/关闭收音机”。
I sat down and turned on the radio.我坐了下来，打开了收音机。
常用on/over the radio 表示“在电台里(听到某些内容)”。
Did you hear the news on the radio this morning?你听到今天早上电台里的新闻了吗?
考点2. fear n.害怕；担忧
I have a fear of heights. 我有恐高症。
The girl's parents expressed fears for her safety.女孩的父母表达了对她安全的担忧。
【提示】fear 也可作动词，表示“害怕；畏惧；惧怕”。
What do you fear most?你最怕什么?
【联想】fearful adj. 担心的；担忧的；忧虑的 fearless adj.不怕的；无畏的；大胆的
speak out without fear 此处可以理解为“无畏地发声”。
speak out (尤指对有强烈感受的话题)公开发表意见，坦率地说出
通常指在公开场合大胆地说出自己的意见或感受，通常是针对某种不公正 或不合理的情
况，表示不满或反对。这个短语强调了表达自己的观点或立 场的勇气和坚定性。
考点3. weak adj. 虚弱的；无力的；(能力)弱的；微弱的
She is too weak to get up.她太虚弱了，起不了床。
He was always weak at languages but strong in science.
他一向在语言方面不擅长，但理科很拿手。
Do you hear a weak voice?你有没有听到微弱的声音?
【联想】weakness n.虚弱；弱点
weakness in the right arm 右手的无力感
The plan has strengths and weaknesses.这个计划既有优点也有缺点。
考点4. difficulty n.困 难
We finished the job with great difficulty.我们非常艰难地完成了工作。
【提示】difficulty 可以作可数名词用，表示具体的“难处、困境、问题”,也可以作不可数名
词，表示“难度、阻碍、麻烦”等。
如：
People learning a new language often face some difficulties at first.人们学习一门新语言之初
常常会遇到一些困难。
Have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth.做某事方面有困难
She had great difficulty (in) finding a job.她找工作极其困难。
【联想】difficult adj. 困难的
考点5. follow v.追随；拥护；仿效
有类似用法的短语还有：follow one's step(追随某人的步伐),follow the example(学习榜
样);follow the crowd(随大流)。
【提示】follow 作为动词还有其他有多种含义。
如：
A dog followed us home 一条狗跟着我们回了家。(跟随；跟着)
Follow the road for two miles,then turn left.沿着这条路走两公里，然后向 左转。(沿着)
Why didn't you follow my advice? 你为什么不听我的劝告?(接受；遵循； 听从)
The plot is almost impossible to follow. 故事情节几乎叫人看不懂。(明白； 理解)
常见词组有as follows(如下)。
如：
The opening hours are as follows ...营业时间如下……
考点6.run v. 经营；管理
He is running a fast food restaurant now.他现在经营一家快餐店。
【提示】run 作动词还有其他有多种含义，如：
I can run 1.5 km in five minutes.我可以在5 分钟里跑1.5 公里。(奔跑；跑步)
The film runs for two hours.这电影时长两个小时。(持续；使……持续)
Jane ran her finger along the page.简的手指划过页面。(使……移动)
Stay away frthe machine when it is running. 当机器在运转时离它远点。 (运转；使……运作)
考点7.honest adj.坦率的；诚实的
He was an honest man.他是个诚实的人。(注意honest 之前用an,不用a)
Be honest about your feelings,please.请诚实地表达你的感受。
【提示】to be honest(=what I really think is) 是口语化的常用短语，意思是“坦白说；说实话”。
honest 意为“坦率；坦诚”时，近义词为 frank; 意为“诚实”时，反义词为dishonest。
honest 的名词为 honesty(坦率；诚实)。
考点8.alive adj. 继续存在的；活着的
Ancient traditions are very much alive in this area.古老的传统在这个地区依然活跃。
It was a bad accident —they're lucky to be alive.事故很严重，他们能活下来真是幸运。
【提示】alive 意为“活着”时，反义词是dead 。alive 在句中作宾语补足语，进一步说明
了宾语Chinese tradition 的状态或性质。另外，alive 多用作表 语或后置定语，不能放在名词前
面。如：
These people stayed alive by catching and eating fish.这些人靠抓鱼和吃鱼来维持生命。(作
表语)
No man alive is greater than him.在活着的人中，没有人比他更伟大了。 (作后置定语，修饰
man)
考点9. disappointment n.失 望
To my great disappointment, he decided to leave.让我大失所望的是，他决定离开。
The party was a huge disappointment at last.聚会最终令人大失所望。
【联想】disappointed adj.感到失望的
be disappointed with 对(某人)失望
Mike's parents were very disappointed with him.麦克的父母对他非常失望。
【联想】disappointing adj.令人失望的
We hoped to win,but the result was quite disappointing.我们想赢，但是结果令人失望。
【联想】disappoint v.使失望
They don't want to disappoint the fans.他们不想让粉丝们失望。
考点10.ring(rang,rung) v. 回响
My head is still ringing frthe sound of the music.乐声仍然在我脑中回响。
The house rang with children's laughter.屋子里回响着孩子们的笑声。
【提示】动词 ring 还有“给……打电话；(使)发出钟声；响起铃声”的意思。
I ring home once a week to tell my parents I'm okay.我每周往家打一次电话向父母报平安
。
Someone was ringing the doorbell.有人在按门铃。 ring也可用作名词，有多种含义。
如：
The children sat in a ring around the teacher.孩子们围着老师坐成一圈。(圆圈、环状物)
I'll give you a ring tomorrow.我明天给你打电话。
(一通电话) There was a ring at the door.门铃响了。(铃声；钟声)
Mary is wearing a wedding ring. 玛丽戴着结婚戒指。(戒指)
考点11.through prep. 凭借；通过
Through his hard work,Thompson was able to make his dream come true.
通过不懈努力，汤普森最终让梦想成真。
【提示】此处，through 是一个介词，表示“途径；方法”。 through 作介词，还有其他含
义和用法。
如：
They walked slowly through the forest.他们缓步穿过森林。(通过；穿越)
It rained all through J une.整个六月都在下雨。(自始至终；从头到尾)
考点12.crowd n.观众；人群
There were crowds of shoppers in the street.街上挤满了购物的人群。
A large crowd gathered to watch the game 一大群人聚集起来观看比赛。
【提示】当crowd 表示“一群人”时，它是集合名词，看作单数，作主语时， 谓语动词用
单数。名词crowd 常 跟of 一起使用。
A crowd of about 15,000 attended the concert.大约有15000 人出席了音乐会。
crowd 也可以作动词，意思是“挤；挤满”。
Hundreds of people crowded into the shopping mall.成百上千的人涌入购物中心。
【联想】crowded adj.人(太)多的；拥挤的
As New Year gets closer,the shops get more and more crowded.随着新年的临近，商店的人越
来越多。
crowded 常与介词with 搭配，be crowded with 相当于be full of。
In summer,the place is crowded with surfers.夏季，这地方满是冲浪者。
一、单词拼写
1．The football team has hired two new ________ to improve their training. (coach)
2．When we meet with ________, we should calm down first. (difficult)
3．Lisa is a ________ (fun) girl. She always talks about stories and jokes (笑话).
4．All kinds of ________ should be turned off before entering the building. (radio)
5．Many old people still listen to news and music on ________ every day. (radio)
6．Our English teacher is ________ and beautiful. (fun)
7．I was a little ________ (disappointment) when I didn’t get the job I applied for, but it taught me to keep trying
and not to give up on my career goals.
8．She faced the ________ bravely without fear of failure. (difficult)
9．Lu Yao will __________ for the English speaking contest next month. (entrance)
10．When we breathe air, it keeps us ________. (live)
11．________, we finished the project on time with the help of our teacher. (final)
12．The fruits taste good because the sun shines ________ in that area. (bright)
13．Please line up quietly at this ________ to the museum. The tour will begin in five minutes. (enter)
14．She won first prize in the singing ________ because of her beautiful voice and excellent skills. (compete)
15．It is important to care about ________ (our).
16．The test can help teachers __________ (decision) what to teach in future lessons.
17．With a strong _________ in himself, he never gave up. (believe)
18．She dreamed of ________ (become) a scientist like Marie Curie when she was a child.
19．I ________ (ring) the doorbell, but no one answered.
20．He successfully ________ (deal) with that difficult problem.
21．He took a deep ______ (breathe) before giving a speech at the school flag-raising ceremony.
22．Failing the exam was a big ________ for him. (disappoint)
23．Twenty minutes ________ (late), she will come with Ann.
24．Her ________ behavior (行为) in the game, always cheating to win, eventually caused her friends to stop
trusting her.（honest）
25．The Bund is always ________ with visitors at weekends and during holidays. (crowd)
26．After trying baking a cake for the first time, my family’s ________ encouraged me to try more baking recipes.
(respond)
27．Through safety training, we learned how to ________ correctly to a fire alarm. (response)
28．He held his son’s hand ________ while crossing the street. (firm)
29．The boy was the only one ________ in the car accident. (live)
30．Suddenly, the ship ________ during the thunderstorm a few minutes ago. (sink)
二、选词填空
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限
用一次。
but, careful, woman, difficult, why, hour, try, he, watch, see
Li Bai was a great poet in ancient China. Here’s a story of 31 . When Li Bai was young, he played a
lot and didn’t study hard. He enjoyed things, such as 32 little birds in the trees and picking fruits on the
hills in his free time.
One day, he 33 an old woman by the river when he was playing there. The old woman was grinding
an iron pestle (磨铁杵).
“ 34 are you grinding the iron pestle?” Li Bai asked. “I want to make it into a needle,” the old
woman answered. Li Bai thought it was fun and said, “Let me have a (n) 35 . Then he took the iron pestle
and started to grind it. He got tired after working for 36 . Then he said, “Oh, it’s so 37 . I think you
could hardly get it done.”
The old woman said, “It’s not easy to make the pestle into a needle, 38 I can do it if I keep working
hard.”
The old 39 words made Li Bai think a lot. He kept them in mind. From then on, he studied very
40 , and in the end he became a great poet.
三、语法选择
从A、B、C 三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
There is a kind woman. She has a nice house 41 a big yard. In her yard, there 42 many
flowers.
One day, Bill comes to her yard. What beautiful flowers! Bill thinks the woman has a happy life. Then he
finds that the woman can’t 43 anything.
“ 44 do you plant these flowers here?” Bill asks.
The woman smiles and says, “First, I love flowers. Second, I can’t see the flowers, but I can smell (闻)
45 . As for the last one, it’s you.”
“Me? 46 you don’t know me.”
“Yeah, I don’t know you. But as I know, everyone 47 flowers. Many people stop (停留) in front of
my yard every day. The 48 make them happy. They also make me 49 with you here. They bring
us great fun.”
After reading the story, my dear students, what can you learn from 50 woman?
41．A．with
B．under
C．from
42．A．be
B．is
C．are
43．A．sees
B．see
C．seeing
44．A．When
B．Where
C．Why
45．A．they
B．them
C．their
46．A．But
B．And
C．Because
47．A．like
B．likes
C．to like
48．A．flower
B．flowers
C．flowers’
49．A．talk
B．to talk
C．talking
50．A．a
B．an
C．the
四、短文填空
动词填空
Once upon a time, many frogs (青蛙) lived in a pond. There 51 (be) a king among them. One day,
the king frog decided 52 (have) a competition. “There 53 (be) a tree near the pond. The one who
climbs to the top of this tree 54 (be) the winner,” he said.
All the frogs were excited to take part in the competition. As soon as it started, they began 55
(climb) quickly one by one. But many frogs 56 (fall) down. Some frogs 57 (feel) sad and stopped
climbing. And some continued. The frogs who didn’t try said, “No one can do it. It’s impossible.” Some frogs
heard this, and they 58 (lose) hope and stopped trying, too. But one frog 59 (not give) up. After
many tries, he finally climbed to the top. All the other frogs were quite surprised. They all wanted to know how he
was able to do it.
The winning frog told them he couldn’t hear anything. He thought the frogs below were cheering (为……欢
呼) for him, saying, “You can do it.” The kind words 60 (make) him try harder, and finally he could climb
to the top.
This story teaches us a lesson. We should not listen to negative (消极的) words from others. Instead, we
should focus on our goals and work hard to achieve them.
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