形容词副词（讲义）
目录
一 形容词、副词的功能与位置
二 复合形容词的构成
三 形容词和副词的比较等级
四 最高级的用法
五 形容词副词易错点
六 高考模拟试题
形容词、副词的功能与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则
用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。
(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
(2)表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语，定语后置。如 a
man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well、faint、i 只作表语。sick 既可作表语又
可作定语，i 如作定语意为“bad”。
(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every 构成的复合词如anything、
something等时，通常后置。如:I have something important to tell you.
(4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修
饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。
(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是:方式一地点一时间。如:We had a
good time together outdoors last Sunday.
(7)频度副词如 often、always、usually等在 be 动词后，行为动词前。
(8)副词作定语，定语后置。如:
The person there is waiting for you.
(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为:限定语(The、A)+描绘性形容词+size(大小)+
shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+purpose(目
的)+名词。如:a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,
the man's first tow interesting little red French oil paintings(10)以-ly 结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-1y 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词:lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、
ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等.
②表愿意(无-y)和引申意(有-ly)的副词:deep 深 wide 宽厂 high 高 low 位置低deeply 深入
地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly 地位卑微
③有无-ly 意义大不相同的副词:
dead 完全，绝对 be dead asleep
deadly 非常 be deadly tired
pretty 相当 be pretty certain that.
prettily 漂亮地 be prettily dressed
close 近 Don't sit close.
closely密切地Watch closely!
late 晚、迟 arrive late,come late
lately 最近I haven't seen him lately(recently)
复合形容词的构成
(1)形容词+名词+ed
kind-hearted 好心的，white-haired白发的
(2) 形容词+形容词 red-hot炽热的，dark-blue 深蓝的
(3) 形容词+现在分词 good-looking 好看的，easy-going 随和的
(4) 副词+现在分 hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving 快速转动的
(5) 副词+过去分词hard-won得来不易的，newly-made 新建的
(6) 名词+形容词life-long终生的，world-famous 世界闻名的
(7) 名词+现在分词peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving 爱开玩笑
(8) 名词+过去分词snow-covered 白雪覆盖的，hand-made 手工的
(9) 数词+名词+ed four-storeyed4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的
(10)数词+名词(名词用单数ten-year10年的,two-man 两人的
形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)原级的构成和用法。
构成:形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法:表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构;
表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)+原级形容词/词+as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so (as)high as that one Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This
room is three times as large as that one.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(3)比较级的用法。
①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than"的结构表示。如:This picture is
more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如:
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even、a
lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如:
He works even harder than before.注意:英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语
时可用“较"或"….一些"或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如:
She is better than she was yesterday
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，
应在二者中间加“the”。如:
He is taller by far than his brother
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用语 +谓语)”的结构(意为"越……越…")。
如:The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如:The
weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥某些以-ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to 代替 than.这些词有 inferior(劣等的,次
的)superior(较好的，优于.)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在.….之前)等。
He is superior to his brother in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用tat(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that
指物,one 既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而 one只能代替可
数名词。“the+比较级(主语+谓语)，the+比较级(主The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is
stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。
(A)A is three(four,etc.)times the size(height,length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。
The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍
(高三倍)。
(B)A is three(four,etc.)times as big(high long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚
洲比欧洲大三倍。
A is three(four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B, Your school is three times bigger
than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以
用twice 或 double.
最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般
常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如:
Tom is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②)最高级可被序数词以及 much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not
really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如:This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly /
by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如 excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用
比较级。
④)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。
如:He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
③作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
如:Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.
(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。
如:He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)
The film is most interesting.(most=very)③表示两者间“较..….的一个"比较级前加the。
who is the older of the tow boys?
在 same 前一般要加 the。有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等
(6)由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语。
① as much as+不可数名词数量。
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons She could earn as much as ten dollars a week
②as many as+可数名词数量 多达
I have as a many as sixteen reference books
③as early as 早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as 远到;就...而知(论)
We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.
As far as l know(就我所知), he has been there before.
⑤may(might, could)as well 不妨、不如Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as .. as can be 到了最.的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。
⑦as ... as one can
He began to run, as fast as he could.
⑧as ... as possible
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
几组重要的词语辨析
①very和much的区别。
(A)可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very不用 much。
(B)表示状态的过去分词前用 very。A very frightened boy,a very tired child, a very
complicated problem,一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed 结尾的分词多用 much、very much/greatly
等修饰。
如:We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.l was much amused by Jack's attitude.
(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如:very interesting/worrying/exciting.
(D)too前用 much 或 far,不用 very。
You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外，在 too many / much, too few / little i用 far. There's far
too little opportunity for adventure these days.We've got far too many eggs and far too few egg
cups.(E)关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构:
(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用 quite completely、well、entirely。如 quite
wrong(mistaken, sure)、completely dead、 quite impossible、 quite perfect 等.
(b)修饰以 a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词:quite alone,very much alone,wide awake,
fast asleep, very much afraid.
(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有:be well worth,much the same,freezing cold,quite different.
terribly cold / frightening.
②)so ... that ... 与such ... that... 的区别。
so+形容词/副词 + that ...
S0+形容词+a(n)+单数可数名词 +that
so+many/much /little /few+ 名词 + that ..
such+a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 +that..
such+形容词+不可数名词 +that ...
such+形容词+复数名词 +that..
注意:下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有 many、much、little、few 等表示“多、
少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples 等。
但当 little 表示"小”时用 such。如:These are such little boys that they can't dress themselves.
下列so的用法是错误的:so a difficult problem,so difficult problems, so hot weather.
③其他几组词的辨析。
(A)ago、before:ag0 表示以现在为起点的"以前";before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的
“以前”。泛指“以前”用 before 而不用 ago。
(B)(B)already、yet、still: already表示某事已经发生;yet表示期待某事发生;still 表示某事还
在进行，主要用于肯定句。
(C)too、also、either. to0和 also 用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also 多用于书面语，either
用于否定句。
(D)good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状
况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
(E)quick、fast:作形容词皆表"快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick 多指一次
动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。
(F)real、true:形容词表"真的"。real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语;true指
与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。(G)hard、difficult:均表“困难”，但 hard 通常指体力上困难;difficult 则指智力或技能上的
闲难，困难程度大于hard，它们都可作定语和表语。
形容词副词易错点
词性转换类易混易错点
It is an ancient _________ (architecture) complex with a history of more than 600
years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ruling China for nearly
500 years.
易错分析：1.不认识单词。2.不熟悉其形容词的正确形式。3.不熟悉complex的名词意思
“建筑群”。
“Hospitable Shandong” has become an __ (influence) tourism brand.易错分析：对长难
单词的构词变化掌握不牢，平时学习中需要大量积累。
The treatment is based on the TCM principle, which is _______ (effect) for coughs, asthma (哮
喘) and other diseases.
China is one of the world’s most biologically (diversity) countries.
It listed the two-part Vietnamese bridge as the world’s ____ (long), at 632 metres.易错分
析：忽略句子的逻辑意思而单纯变为比较级或副词。
In fact, the story is much_______ (complex), according to findings that Dr. Wang, now
an ecologist at Fudan University in Shanghai, published last month in Biological Conservation.
As the weather turns warmer and air becomes _____ __ (dry), it is recommended that people eat
fresh vegetables and juicy fruits to keep themselves hydrated (保持水分).
易错分析：忽略形容词级别变化的特殊形式，误以为都在词尾加-er或-est。
The system sends messages to people (little) than two second after the earthquake
happens.
用法类易混易错点
It has appealed to audiences of all ages, who _______ (enthusiastic) recite poetry alongside the
characters on screen, taking them on a fantastic journey.
易错分析：1.句子结构分析出错，修饰谓语动词应当使用副词。2.-ic结尾形容词大多加-
ally。 publicly除外。
Meanwhile, they found that cancer rates were just as high in excessive consumers of artificial
sweetener and excessive sugar intake may be _ (equal) associated with cancer risk,
according to the authors.Besides, people around the globe can have access to Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and
Chinese Culture Centers abroad _______ (free).
When it comes to sharing, one of the _______ (great) gifts China gave to the world through the
ancient Silk Road was the technology of making paper on an industrial scale.
易错分析：长难句导致的句子结构划分不清，从而句意理解出错，名词复数gifts前应当被
形容词修饰。
高考模拟试题
一、单项选择
1．（2024·山东济南·二模）She doesn’t speak ______her friend, but her handwriting is
excellent.
A．as well as B．so often as C．so much as D．as good as
2．（2024·山东泰安·一模）A craftsman is a man who makes things ________ with his hands.
A．skill B．skillful C．skillfully D．skills
3．（2024黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Students are expected to dress _________, suitable for weather
conditions, and in good taste.
A．accurately B．adequately C．essentially D．attractively
4．（2024·河南洛阳·二模）Don’t let the child who is ________ go to school.
A．so young as to B．not old enough to C．not old enough D．too young to
5．（2024·天津二模）While it is crucial to learn and grow from the disappointments, it
is________ important to recognize accomplishments.
A．slightly B．equally C．increasingly D．widely
6．（2024天津·一模）It is quite annoying if our close friend _________ checks the cellphone
and ignores our heartfelt words.
A．properly B．constantly C．officially D．physically
二、单词拼写
7．（2024·江苏·模拟预测）He lifted the baby (温柔地) out of its cot (婴儿床).
8．（2024·陕西西安·一模）The report is based on a survey of over 21,000
(随机地) selected employers from July to September.
9．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测） (最近), citizens in Luhe have got the chance to
experience a self-service store.
10．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）To all the villagers’ disappointment, the rescue attempt failed(悲惨地)．
11．（2024吉林长春·模拟预测）The thieves (天才) triggered the alarm and hid
inside the house.
12．（2024·陕西西安·模拟预测）“You are an artist,” she said (恭敬地).
13．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The police decided to investigate (进一步).
14．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）This course will teach you to think (创造性).
15．（2024·广东江门·一模）I thought Little Tom was in his room, but a (实际上) he
was in the garden.
16．（2024·山东济南模拟预测）Luckily, his health is g (逐渐地) improving.
17．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）According to observers, the plane exploded (不
久) after take-off.
18．（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）The speech was (故意地) designed to embarrass
the prime minister.
19．（2024·河北衡水·一模）The dictionary is (尤其) useful for beginners.
20．（2024·陕西西安·三模）__________(如今) more and more students are addicted to
computer games.
21．（2024·陕西西安·三模）The smoke rose___________(直直地) up into the air and
disappeared.
22．（2024·陕西西安·三模）—Do you mean that we are stuck here?
—__________(确实如此), my dear.
23．（2024·吉林·二模）As a consequence of smoking, my father coughs ____________ (频繁).
三、翻译
24．（2024·上海徐汇·二模）人工智能使我们得以见证一个日新月异的新时代。 (witness)
(汉译英)
25．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）他考试的时候太紧张了，完全想不起这个单词。(escape)
(汉译英)
26．（2024·上海松江·二模）我一直相信一个人睡眠充足了才能更好地抵御情绪紊乱。
(convince)(汉译英)27．（2024·上海浦东新·二模）有了无人机，救援人员就可以安全地评估灾区的受灾状况。
(enable)(汉译英)
28．（2024·上海·模拟预测）情况是在不断地变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得
学习。(adapt) （汉译英）
