专题04 期末必会核心语法精讲练：定语从句80道
:___________ ___________ ___________ ___________
学校 姓名： 班级： 考号：
考点精讲
定语从句的结构：
定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性
词组或代词叫做先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。定语从句常用的关系代词有
who,whose,that,which, 关系副词有when,where,why等。
考点一：定语从句的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关
系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分，关系代词可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词可作状语。
作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词一致。如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢说得多而做得少的人。
作宾语：如：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. 她是我昨天在校门口遇见的那个人。
《大逃亡》。
作定语：关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? 他的妹妹是医生的那个年轻男子叫什么名字？
作状语：
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. 我将从不会忘记我第一次来北京的那天。
考点二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑色夹克的男孩非常聪明。
2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？你认识我们在门口遇到的那位男士吗？
3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病的那个女孩今天呆在家里。
4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是一本解释单词意思的书。
5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：
I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news. 我已经读了那份承载重要新闻的报纸。
6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我从不会忘记我们工作在农场的时间。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 就在我离开那天他到得北京。
7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如：
This is the house where we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的那个房子。
【 用法总结】
分类 引导词 示例
who
whom The man who is working there is my brother.
关系代词 which This is the book(that/which) I bought yesterday.
that The room whose window is open is mine.
whose
when
I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.
关系副词 where
This is the school where my mother works.
why
【 超级易错】
只能用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如：
All that he said is true. 所有他说的都是真的。
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰，关系代词
常用that,不用which。如：
This is the only book that the old woman is interested in. 这是仅有的一本老妇人感兴趣的书。
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如：
It was the second house that I bought.这是我买的第二个房子。
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。如：
如：This is the best book (that) I have read this year. 这是我今年读过的最好的书。
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。如：
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered. 他谈论他记起得的人和事。
只使用 which，不能用that的情况：
（1）在非限制性定语从句中。如：
I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted. 我想买这个，它确实是我想要的。
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 他在谈论的那个事是很重要的。
(3) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或
部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this相似。
如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 他在比赛中成功了，这使他
父母很高兴。
实战训练
一、单项选择
1．—What kind of movies do you like?
—I like the movies ________ are about Chinese history.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．that
2．— What did you do yesterday?
— I visited a scientist ________ is famous all over the country.
A．where B．when C．which D．who
3．—Could you tell me who you admire?
—Yeah. I look up to the people ________ have achieved success through hard work.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
4．Do you know the girl ________ is playing the piano over there?
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
5．Students love the teachers ________ are outgoing and humorous.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
6．Mary can’t forget the company and the manager ________ she visited in Dalian years ago.
A．what B．who C．that D．which
7．Look! That thin man is the hero ________ dove into the river to save the child yesterday.
A．what B．who C．which D．why
8．I prefer music _____ I can dance to.
A．if B．that C．when D．what
9．This is the old man ________ son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．that
10．A friend is someone ________ you know well and like spending time with.
A．who B．which C．whose D．what
11．I hate people ________ kill animals.
A．who B．when C．which D．whose12．Look! That man is the hero ________ dove into the river to save the child yesterday.
A．what B．who C．which D．why
13．— Do you like the jacket ________ your mother bought online yesterday?
— No, I don’t like it at all. But my mother thought it was cheap.
A．what B．who C．which D．where
14．The first thing________you should do is to quit smoking.
A．which B．whom C．what D．that
15．Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.
A．that B．which C．who D．whom
16．—Why are you so worried?
—I’ve lost the watch ________ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A．who B．what C．that D．whom
17．—Why are you so worried?
—I’ve lost the watch ________ my dad bought me on my birthday.
A．who B．what C．which D．where
18．She likes musicians _______ play classic music.
A．when B．where C．who D．why
19．Children ________ don't like exercising will put on weight easily.
A．who B．which C．what D．how
20．Please pass me the magazine ______ has a picture of China’s homegrown C919 passenger plane on the cover.
A．where B．what C．who D．that
21．—Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）.
—Yes. He is a great man.
A．which B．whom C．what D．that
22．—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan
Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
23．She has a teenage granddaughter about my age ________ is really kind.
A．who B．which C．where D．/
24．Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who25．—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech?
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
26．I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A．who B．which C．what D．how
27．—Do you know the girl is playing the piano over there?
—Of course. She is my best friend, Linda.
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
28．The number of students ______ joined the English club is 20.
A．who B．which C．what D．how
29．—Have you heard of Hansel and Gretel?
—Yes, Hansel is a smart boy ________ often comes up with a good idea.
A．who B．whom C．where D．which
30．—What are you looking for?
—I’m looking for the book ________ you lent me yesterday.
A．who B．that C．whose D．what
31．The gift often reminds me of the days ________ I spent in the countryside.
A．what B．that C．who D．when
32．I will remember the important people ________ helped and supported me in my life.
A．which B．whose C．whom D．who
33．In China, Wang Yaping is a woman astronaut ________ was sent into the space.
A．whose B．which C．who
34．— My friends always encourage me when I feel down. I think friendship is the greatest gift ________ in our life.
— I agree with you. A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
35．—Could you tell me who you admire?
—Yeah. I look up to the people ________ have achieved success through hard work, such as Yuan Longpin and Zhong
Nanshan.
A．who B．whom C．which D．whose
36．China is the first nation ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ to the far side of the moon.
A．which B．that C．who
37．There will be a flower show in the park ________ we visited last week.A．where B．which C．what D．who
38．The man and the dog ________ are walking in the park live in our neighbourhood.
A．that B．who C．which D．where
39．There is a doctor at the front desk ________ would like to talk with you.
A．which B．that C．whom D．/
40．When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.
A．which B．who C．what D．that
41．—Children, you should be thankful to those people ________ helped and supported you.
—We ________ , Miss Chen.
A．which; should B．whom; should C．who; will D．whose; will
42．— How do you like the TV program?
— I think it is the best program ________ I have ever watched.
A．who B．which C．when D．that
43．It is wise to pay no attention to those classmates ________ laugh at you.
A．what B．which C．who D．whom
44．Which of the following sentences has a relative clause?
A．He wants to be the kind of actor that keeps his roles interesting.
B．I believe that working should be like a poem, full of love and beauty.
C．She started to learn Qinqiang Opera from her mother at the age of four.
D．If you lose hope for the future, watch the movie The Shawshank Redemption.
45．This is one of the most amazing novels ________ I have seen.
A．that B．where C．who D．what
46．David is the boy ________ helped me in the park yesterday.
A．which B．that C．whom D．what
47．—Where is the scientist ______ gave us the talk yesterday?
—He has gone back to Tsinghua University.
A．whom B．who C．whose D．which
48．His book __________ came out last month is not very interesting.
A．who B．which C．that was D．which has
49．True friends are persons _________ always take care of you and encourage you to succeed.
A．who B．what C．which D．whom
50．A dictionary is a book ________ tells you the meaning of the word.A．who B．which C．whom D．what
51．We should look up to those scientists ________ sent Shenzhou airships to space.
A．which B．who C．what D．whose
52．—Have you heard of the famous Huawei company?
—Sure. I think it is the greatest company ________ makes us Chinese proud.
A．where B．that C．what D．who
二、完成句子
53．当我消沉或疲倦时，我更喜欢能使我高兴起来的电影。
When I’m down or tired, I prefer movies .
54．《长津湖》是我最喜欢的电影之一。（best）
The Battle At Lake Changjin is one of the movies that .
55．我更喜欢观看能给我一些思考的东西的电影。
I prefer movies to think about.
56．张老师经常表扬那个主动把黑板上的粉笔擦干净的男孩。(volunteer)
Mr. Zhang often the blackboard.
57．我的妹妹喜欢擅长表演的演员。(完成译句)
My sister likes actors good at acting.
58．这本书正是我在找的那本。（完成译句）
The book is the one I am for.
59．“神奇的中国”是一部值得观看的纪录片。
Amazing China is a documentary .
60．到去年年底，那位渴求知识的青年教师已出国深造两年了。(who)
By the end of last year, the young teacher for further study for two years.
61．我想到了小时候奶奶给我讲的童话故事。
I of the fairy stories was told by my grandma when I was young.
62．警察紧紧盯着那个刚刚偷了钱包的贼。
The policeman’s eyes were the thief a purse just now.
63．警察紧紧盯着那个想要偷钱包的贼。
The policeman’s eyes the thief was going to steal a purse.
64．他是住在隔壁的那个人。
He is the man in the next door.
65．当Tom生病在家时，他也想起数学老帅教授的有趣的课程。Tom also thought of the interesting lessons by his maths teacher when he was at home.
66．那个一脸焦虑的人生意上有麻烦。
The man looks anxious with his business.
67．我永远也不会忘记他昨天对我说的话。
I will never forget the words he to me yesterday.
三、将所给单词连成句子
68．we, do, there, many things, can, are
.
69．very much, I, who, is, like, he, the man
.
70．music, I, that, dance to, prefer, I, can
.
71．that, I, sing along with, I, can, music, prefer
.
72．deaf, who, work, people, and, in, noisy, live, conditions, go, often
.
73．is, prefers, that, music, he, loud
.
四、同义句转化
74．The movie has a happy ending and I like this kind of movie. (同义句转换)
I like a movie a happy ending.
75．The customs are different. You should learn about them before leaving. (改为同义句)
Before leaving, you should learn about the customs different.
五、汉译英：整句
76．我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐。（汉译英）
77．你应该感谢帮助过你的人。
78．这儿有些建议来帮助你们改掉这个坏习惯。七、改写句子
79．The movies give me something to think about. I prefer them. (合并为一句)
I prefer movies me something to think about.
80．I like the students. They are hard-working.合并成一个句子.
I like the students hard-working.
