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单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
定语从句
1. 定语从句的含义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词。
从句放在所修饰词(即先行词)之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
2. 定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词可分为关系代词that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)和关系
副词where，when，why等。我们先就关系代词作重点讲解。
3. 关系代词的作用
关系代词who，whom，whose，which，that在定语从句中的作用见下表:
先行词指
代对象
人＋ 是否可
人 事物
事物 省略
在句中所
作的成分
不可
作主语 who/that which/that that
省略
who(m)/
作宾语 which/that that 可省略
that
whose/ 不可
作定语 whose
of which 省略
(1)who
who指人，在定语从句中作主语。如:
The boy who speaks English very well is from America.那个英语说得很好的男孩来自美
国。
小小诊所:当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。如:
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一 。
(2)whom
whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。如:
The lady(who/whom)he is talking to is his girlfriend.正在和他交谈的那位女士是他的女友。
(3)which
which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。如:
The building which is being built will be used as a hospital.正在建设的这幢大楼将用作医
院。
(4)that
that既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。that
作宾语时，常省略。如:
Tomato is a vegetable that/which is good for health.西红柿是一种对健康有益的蔬菜。(指
物，作主语)
The woman athlete (that/who/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold
medal.我在报纸上看到的那位女运动员刚刚获得了一枚金牌。(指人，作宾语)
(5)whose
whose通常指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。如:
Mr. Green lives in a house whose roof is red.格林先生住在一幢红屋顶的房子里。(指物)
语法精练Ⅰ. 用who，whose，which或that填空。
1. A clock is a machine ________ tells people the time.
2. The panda is a kind of animal ________ can be found only in China.
3. April 1st is the day ________ is called Fool's Day in the West.
4. Where is the woman ________ watch was stolen yesterday?
5. The woman ________ you visited last week is a famous writer.
Ⅱ. 把下列简单句改为定语从句，每空一词。
6. I'll never forget the farm. I visited it in 2003.
I'll never forget the farm ________ ________ ________ in 2003.
7. The building is a middle school. It stands near the post office.
The building ________ ________ near the post office ________ a middle school.
8. The man teaches us English. He comes from Hainan.
The man ________ ________ ________ ________ comes from Hainan.
9. The book is interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.
The book ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ yesterday is interesting.
10. My grandfather doesn't like these songs. These songs are too long.
My grandfather doesn't like these songs ________ ________ too long.
单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
Ⅰ.1. that/which 2. that/which 3. which/that 4. whose 5. who/whom/that
Ⅱ. 6. that/which I visited 7. that/which stands；is
8. who/that teaches us English 9. that/which you lent to me
10. that/which are
