文档文本内容
单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)
语法精讲
一、情态动词的用法复习
情态动词有can (could),may (might),must,have to,shall (should),will (would),dare
(dared),need,ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词
原形构成谓语。
1. 情态动词的一般用法
(1)can,could
①表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去时;而be able to则有更多的时
态。
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。
②表示请求和允许。
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,
不能用于肯定句和答语中。如:
—Could I come to see you tomorrow?我明天可以来看你吗?
—Yes,you can./No,I'm afraid not.是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。
③表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
(2)may,might
①表示请求和允许。
might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't,表示“不可
以,禁止”。
用“May I…?”征询对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用“Can I…?”在口语中更常见。
②用于祈使句,表示祝愿。如:
May you succeed!愿你成功!
(3)must,have to
①表示必须、必要。
在回答由must引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而用needn't
或don't have to(不必)。如:
—Must we hand in our exercise books today?我们今天必须交练习本吗?
—Yes,you must.(No,you don't have to/you needn't.)是的,你们必须今天交。(不,你们不一
定要今天交。)
②must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时,而have
to 有更多的时态形式。如:
I had to work when I was your age.我像你这么大时,就必须工作了。
(4)dare,need
①dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,其过去式为dared。如:
He daren't speak English before such a crowd,dare he?他不敢在人群前说英语,是吗?
②need 作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought
to,should代替。如:
—Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成这个工作吗?
—Yes,you must./No,you needn't.是的,必须今天完成。/不,不一定要今天完成。
③dare和 need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接
带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。如:
He doesn't dare (to) answer.他不敢回答。
He needs to finish his homework today.他今天要完成家庭作业。
(5)shall,should
①shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
What shall we do this evening?今天晚上我们做什么?
②shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如:
You shall fail if you don't work hard.如果你不努力就会失败。(警告)
(6)will,would
①表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
Will/Would you pass me the ball,please?你能把那个球递给我吗?
②表示意志、愿望和决心。如:
I will never do that again.我再不会那样做了。
③would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去的习惯时比used to正式,
且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如:
During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.假期里,他每隔一天看我一次。
(7)should,ought to
①should,ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。如:
I should help her because she is in trouble.我应该帮她,因为她陷入麻烦了。
You ought to take care of the baby.你应该照顾这个宝宝。
②表示劝告、建议和命令时should,ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。如:
You should/ought to go to class right away.你应该马上去上课。
Should I open the window?我应该打开门吗?
2.情态动词表推测
(1)can表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如:
Can this be true?这可能是真的吗?
This can't be done by him.这不可能是他做的。
How can this be true?这怎么可能是真的?
(2)may/might表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性
比may小。如:
Your mother may/might not know the truth.你妈妈可能不知道真相。
(3)must表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)。如:
You're Tom's good friend,so you must know what he likes best.你是汤姆的好朋友,你一定
知道他最喜欢什么。
(4)should,ought to (客观推测),must(主观推测)。如:
He must be home by now.他现在一定回家了。(断定他已到家)
He ought to/should be home by now.他现在应该到家了。(按理应当,不太肯定)
二、used to “闯三关”
1. 用法关
used to后接动词原形,表示过去经常性或持续性的动作或状态,意为“过去常常”。如:
I used to get up very early.我过去常常很早起床。
When I was young,it used to be very cold in winter.我小的时候,冬天经常很冷。
2. 句式关
其否定形式为“didn't use to do sth.”或“usedn't to do sth.”;一般疑问形式为“Used sb.todo sth.?”或“Did sb.use to do sth.?”;附加疑问句式为“use(d)n't sb.”或“didn't sb.”。
3. 辨异关
be/get used to后面接名词或动词-ing形式时,表示“习惯于做某事”,其中to为介词;
be used to后面接动词原形时,表示“被用来做某事”。其中to是不定式符号。如:
I'm used to walking to school now.我现在习惯步行去学校。
The computer is used to store information.这台电脑被用来储存信息。
语法精练
Ⅰ. 用can,may,must,need,have to的适当形式填空。
1. You ________ return the book to the library on time.
2. I ________ (not) find the way to the hospital.________ you show me the way?
3. —________ I finish the work right now?
—No,you ________ (not).You ________ do it later.
4. He said he ________ (not) come tonight.
5. Her mother was ill. She ________ stay at home and look after her.
6. It's time for class. You ________ stop playing football or you ________ be late for class.
7. The cloud is lifting,so it ________ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.
8. The desk is not dirty. You ________ clean it.
9. —What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
—I'm not sure. She ________ go to see my grandmother.
10.If the traffic light is red,you ________ cross the road. It's dangerous.
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. We don't need ________ (work) today.
12. He doesn't dare ________ (break) his promise.
13. Some students are used to ________ (ask) their parents for help when they meet trouble.
14. There used ________ (be) a quiet village here.
15. I think you will be used to ________ (live) in the countryside.
16. All of us know that cotton can be used ________ (make) cloth.
17. You used ________ (go) to school by bike,didn't you?
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思完成句子,每空词数不限。
18. 这本书一定是汤姆的,他的名字在封面上。
This book ________________ Tom's. His name is on the cover.
19.他被一个5岁的小男孩愚弄了,这可能是真的吗?
________________ true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy?
20. 你的车需要维修了。
Your car ________________________.
21. 这种小刀是用来切东西的。
This kind of knife ________________ things.
22. 当我年轻的时候,我常常打篮球。
I ________________ basketball when I was young.
23. 他过去常花很多时间玩电脑游戏吗?
________________________ much time playing computer games?
单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)Ⅰ. 1. must 2. can't;Could 3. Must;needn't;may 4. couldn't 5. had to
6.must;may 7. can't 8. needn't 9. may/might 10. mustn't
Ⅱ. 11. to work 12. to break 13. asking 14. to be 15. living 16. to make 17. to
go
Ⅲ. 18. must be 19. Can it be 20. needs mending/needs to be repaired
21. is used to cut 22. used to play 23. Did he use to spend/ Used he to spend