介词（讲义）
目录
一 介词的分类
二 介词短语的语法功能
三 表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
四 容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组
五 介词易错题
六 高考模拟试题
介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位
置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主
要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。
介词的分类
简单介词；即一个介词
about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。
合成介词；由两个介词构成的合成词
into, onto, throughout, upon, within
短语介词；由短语构成
according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。
双重介词；由两个介词搭配而成
from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。
分词介词；由现在分词转化而来
considering(就……而论), including，regarding，concerning等。
兼类介词；由形容词直接转化而来
like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。
介词短语的语法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句
中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词短语的功能
作定语
They didn’t find the solution to the problem.
作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）
They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）
What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）
Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件）
作表语
When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.
作宾语补足语
I found the old building in a bad condition.
表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
表示的概念
in；on；at
at在一个时间点上；
in在一段时间之内；
on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。
①at 8 o'clock, at noon
②in the 1990s, in January
③on Monday, on a warm morning
since；from
since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；
from指从时间的某一点开始。
①We have not seen each other since 1995.
②I hope to do morning exercises from today.
in,；after
in指在一段时间之后，用于一般将来时，也可以指一段时间之内=within；
after表示某一具体时间点之后，用于一般过去时。
①We’ll be back in three days.
②After seven the rain began to fall.
in the end；at the end of；by the end of
in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；
at the end of 表示“在……末梢”，“到……尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。
不可单独使用；
by the end of 作“在……结束时”，“到……末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。①In the end they reached a place of safety.
②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.
③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.
④By the end of last month he had finished the novel.
位置
between；among
一般说来，between表示两者之间；
among用于三者或三者以上之间。
①You are to sit between your father and me.
②He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一
些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，要用between。
①Agreements were made between the
different countries.
②The little valley lies between high mountains.
③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.
in；on；to
in表示在某范围内；
on指与什么毗邻；
to指在某范围之外。
①Changchun is in the northeast of China.
②Mongolia is on the north of China.
③Japan is to the east of China.
on；in
on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。
①There is a book on the piece of paper.
②There is an interesting article in thenewspaper.
③ He dug a hole in the wall.
in；into
in通常表示位置（静态）；
into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。
①We walked in the park.②We walked into the park.
through；across
through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；
across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。
①Water flows through the pipe.
②The old man walked across the street.
in the corner；on the corner；at the corner
in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内
面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近
的外面。
①The lamp stands in the corner of the room.
②I met with him at the street corner.
③He sat on the corner of the table.
除了
besides；except；but；except for
besides指“除了……还有；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except
意思近似，表示“除了…..外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问
词后面。except for表示“除...外，撇开”。
①All went out except me.
②I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.
③His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
动作
at+名词
at dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作 at war 交战
at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍 at rest 在休息
at school 在上学 at press 正在排印 at church 在做礼拜 beyond+名词
beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 无法控制 beyond compare 无可比拟
beyond description 难以形容 beyond expression 无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑
in+名词或in +名词+of+名词
in the army 在当兵 in need of 需要 in action 在运转 in progress 在进行
in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着in course of construction 正在兴建当中 in (good) repair 维修良好的
in course of shipment 定的货正在运输途中 in charge of 负责
in the charge of 由……负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有
on+名词
on business 办事/出差 on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假 on watch 值班
on duty 值勤/日 on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工 on sale 出售
on loan 借贷 on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march 在行军
on the air 在广播 on fire 在燃烧 on trial 在试用 on show/display/exhibition 在展出
under+名词 under control 在被控制之中 under discussion 在被讨论中
under development 在被发展中 under observation 在被观察中
under test 在被测试 under construction 在被建设中 under fire 在炮火中
under examination 在被检查/调查中 under consideration 在被考虑中
under repair 在被修理中 under arrest 被被逮捕中 under attack 在被袭击中
under medical treatment 在被治疗中 under study 在被研究中
其他
against one’s opinion 反对某人的见解 at the mercy of 在…支配下；任由…摆布
for one’s opinion 同意某人的见解 for sale 供出售
above reproach 无可指责，无可非议 for rent 供出租
above suspicion 不受怀疑 within sight 看得见
above criticism 无可指责
容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组
差一冠词，大相径庭
in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部）
in charge of（负责）——in the charge of（由……负责）
out of question（毫无疑问）——out of the question（不可能）
at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at the table（在桌子旁边）
有无介词，意义不同
know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人
shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击
search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格
benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处
画蛇添足，误加介词
serve the people 为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）
enter the room 进入房间（容易在enter后加into）
follow me 跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）
marry sb. 与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）
go abroad 出国（容易在go后面加to）
live upstairs 住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）
母语思维，误用介词
be caught in the rain 被雨淋着（不用by）
leave for some place 动身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in the direction 朝着……方向（不用to）
do a favor for sb. 帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different from 和……不同（不用with）
with the help of 在……的帮助下（不用under）
steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）
read sth. to sb. 给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）
介词易错题
1. So far, several ships have been reported missing _______ the coast of Bermuda Island.
A. off B. along
C. on D. around
2. “How long have you stayed in this hotel?” “Not long, just ______ this Monday.”
A. on B. since
C. until D. after
3. The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped _____ floors. People in it had no
way to get out.
A. in B. between
C. among D. on4. “What a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the
information about the rain ______ flood.”
A. as well as B. so long as
C. because of D. in case of
5. _____ their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
A. Given B. Supposed
C. Considered D. Concluded
6. They promise that the work would all be finished _____ next week.
A. until B. in
C. by D. to
7. _______ reading the letter, what has he done?
A. Because of B. Except
C. Besides D. But for
8. “How did the robber get in?” “______ an open window on the first floor.”
A. Past B. From
C. Over D. Through
9. She knew nothing about his journey _______ he was likely to be away for three months.
A. Except B. except for
C. except that D. in addition
10. He usually goes to work by bike _______ it rains.
A .except B. except when
C. except for D. except that
11. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.
A. besides B. except for
C. except D. except that
12. ______ the weather, we had a pleasant time.
A. Except B. Except for
C. But D. Besides
13. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. instead of
C. in case of D. in favor of
14. As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got ______ the plane.A. around B. abroad
C. aboard D. ahead
高考模拟试题
1．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）The remote island was ______ modern technology, making
communication difficult.
A．in the shape of B．beyond the reach of
C．at the mercy of D．on the side of
2．（2022·天津·三模）The little boat is ________ but safe, so I won’t take it.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
3．（2024·山东泰安·一模）—Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man ________ blue?
A．on B．with C．in D．at
4．（2024·天津河西·一模）The result is not the same ______they had expected, ______was
rather disappointing.
A．what, as B．as, that C．as, which D．that, which
5．（2024·天津南开·模拟预测）Sima Qian’s writing had a profound effect ________ me, and I
have this to thank for my passion ________ Chinese literature.
A．with, to B．on, to C．with, for D．on, for
6．（2024·山东日照·一模）Judy won the first prize in the spelling contest. She spelling 300
words in 5 minutes．
A．successful in B．succeeded in C．successfully in D．success in
7．（2024·山东青岛·一模）There 5.5 magnitude (震级) earthquake Pingyuan, Shandong
province August 6th, 2023.
A．is a; in; in B．was a; in; on C．was an; in; on D．was an; on; in
8．（2024·山东烟台·一模）—What do you usually do at home after finishing your homework?
—I have a chat__________ my friend__________ WeChat.
A．about; on B．with; on C．on; with D．in; with
9．（2024·湖南株洲·模拟预测）Mr.Smith is friendly us. But he is very strict studies.
A．for:with B．to;in C．to:with D．with:with
10．（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）But after graduation, _________ my surprise, I, as an A student,
could not find a job.A．in B．at C．with D．to
