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Unit 2 The universal language
1．Studies comparing the mental abilities of musicians and non-musicians(现在分词短语作
后置定语) often show that musical training is related to(与……有关) small，but significant，
cognitive benefits even when other factors，such as social and economic status，are accounted
for(被考虑在内)．
2．Indeed，there is evidence that(引导同位语从句，说明evidence的具体内容) just two years
of such training enhances cognition.
3．However，it has remained unclear whether(it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的
主语) these enhanced cognitive skills are just temporary.
4．In 2017，researchers at Edinburgh University’s Reid School of Music realized it was not too
late to ask the original(adj.原始的，最初的) participants about their musical experiences.
5．A total(n.总数，合计) of 366 members provided usable information and 117 revealed that
they had some degree of experience with musical instruments.
6．Precisely(adv.确切地说，严格地说) why learning to play a musical instrument has these
effects(why引导的主语从句) remains unclear.
7．Streaming services have seen(熟词生义：v.见证) an explosion(n.激增) of tracks in the last
year consisting entirely of(由……组成) recordings of rainfall，ocean waves and winds.
8．By(意为“到……为止”，常和过去完成时连用) last Friday it had been played 837 million
times，worth an estimated(adj.估计，估算) $2.5m in royalties.
9．In contrast(相比之下)，Laura Mvula only has 541,000 Spotify streams for the title track of
this year’s award-winning album，Pink Noise—not a slice of sleepiness but tuneful，lyrical
dance-pop that took her three years to make.
10．They set aside(留出 ) a total pot for royalties ，which is then divided up between
distributors，record labels，recording artists and songwriters.
11．It’s hard to work out(搞清楚，弄明白) who is making such noise.
12．The second reason is that music is a powerful trigger for our emotions，which in turn(相应
地；转而) spark our memories.
13．The music in our teen years is likely to have lots of emotions to understand，so even a very
small part of a particular song can bring powerful feelings and memories flooding(熟词生义：v.
大量涌入) back.
14．Think about the places and people it reminds you of(使……想起……) and the emotions it
brings.
15．The earliest historical references(n.提及；谈到；参考；查阅 refer v．提及；谈到；查阅；
参考) of this art date back to(追溯到；上溯到) the Spring and Autumn Period.16．Traditional Chinese aesthetic concepts are reflected in the drum playing，all of which(“代词
＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) represent distinctive local features.
