文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．physiology n．生理学；生理机能
2．artemisinin n．[药]青蒿素
3．malaria n．疟疾
4．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
5．wormwood n．蒿；洋艾
6．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
7．penicillin n．青霉素
8．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划
9．flow chart流程图
10．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
11．theory n．理论；学说
12．relativity n．相对论；相对性
13．formula n．公式；方程式；配方
14．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
15．doctorate n．博士学位
16．photoelectric adj.光电的
17．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
18．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
19．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
20．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质
21．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的
4．property n．性质；特征；财产
5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点
6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的
7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
9．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地
13．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
14．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
15．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
16．infer vt.推断；推定
17．genius n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
18．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
19．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
20．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
21．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
22．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
23．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
24．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力
的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；
学术的
3．botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学
4．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
5．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别
6．analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析
7．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
8．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
9．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的10．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建
者；创始人
11．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治(学)→political adj.政治的
12．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地
13．passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的
14．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently
adv.结果；因此；所以
15．professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的；专业的 n．专
业人士
1．sacrifice /'sækrIfaIs/ n．& vt.牺牲；献出
2．shatter /'ʃætə(r)/ vi.& vt.(使)破碎；(使)碎裂
3．detour /'diːtʊə(r)/ n．绕行的路；兜圈子 vi.& vt.(使)绕道；(使)绕行
4．pause /pɔːz/ vi.暂停；停顿 vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像 n．停顿；停顿的时间
5．sway /sweI/ vi.& vt.(使)摇摆；(使)摇动 n．摇摆；摆动
6．spray /spreI/ vt.& vi.向……扫射(或抛洒)；喷洒 n．浪花；水花；飞沫
7．crawl /krɔːl/ vi.爬行；匍匐行进；缓慢行进
8．tear up(猛地)拔起；撕毁或撕碎(文件等)
9．hop /hɒp/ vi.快速行走；单脚跳行
10．vacant /'veIkənt/ adj.空着的；未被占用的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist on坚决要求
3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
5．take up a position担任；任职
6．sum up总结；概括
7．lead to导致
8．graduate from毕业于……
9．with the objective of目的是……
10．manage to do sth设法做成某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for
millions of people.(过去分词作前置定语)
青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。2．After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.(介词＋doing)
经历了190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。
3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just
mine...”(upon doing...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我……”
4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread
around the world.(it作形式主语)
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
5．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning
a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略)
工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共8分)
1．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
2．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
3．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划
4．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
5．theory n．理论；学说
6．relativity n．相对论；相对性
7．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
8．institute n． ( 教育、专业等 ) 机构；机构建筑
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共12分)
1．infer vt.推断；推定
2．genius n．天才；天资；天赋
3．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
4．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
5．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
6．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
7．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
8．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
9．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
10．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
11．flee vi.& vt.迅速离开；逃跑12．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
1．botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学
2．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
3．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别
4．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的
5．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；
创始人
6．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地
7．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently
adv.结果；因此；所以
Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共6分)
1．sacrifice n．& vt.牺牲；献出
2．pause vi.暂停；停顿 vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像 n．停顿；停顿的时间
3．spray vt.& vi. 向 …… 扫射 ( 或抛洒 ) ；喷洒 n．浪花；水花；飞沫
4．crawl vi.爬行；匍匐行进；缓慢行进
5．hop vi.快速行走；单脚跳行
6．vacant adj.空着的；未被占用的
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．with the objective of 目的是……
3．manage to do sth 设法做成某事
4．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
5．graduate from 毕业于……
Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题2.5分，共20分)
1．Committed to education，he committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his
commitment finally paid off.(commit)
2．I desire to be a professor by profession in the future and I will possess lots of professional
knowledge.(professor)
3．The scientist has made many scientific achievements in science.(science)
4．Through my great efforts，I obtained academic qualifications at the Chinese Academy of
Sciences.(academy)
5．As you know，politics is my major at university，and as a consequence，I memorize many
political parties and politicians.(politics)6．I have trouble analysing the difficult theory，so I will refer to one of his logical analyses.
(analyse)
7．My classmate is passionate about everything，so he studies everything with great passion.
(passion)
8．He has concluded something important from what happened in the past and everyone agrees
with all his conclusions.(conclude)
Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)
1．It is said that the newly-elected mayor won’t come to power until next month.
2．Yesterday he took up a position as a sales manager at that international supermarket.
3．The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
4．Eating too much fat can lead to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
5．His yesterday’s speech summed up the present challenging situation of economy.
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)
1．放学后，一些孩子冲向操场，开始清理地上的落叶。(过去分词作前置定语)
After school，some children rushed to the playground and started to clear the fallen leaves on the
ground.
2．在赛跑中获得一等奖后，他又唱又跳地回家了。(介词＋doing)
After winning first prize in the running race，he headed for his home，singing and dancing.
3．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(读后续写之兴奋心理描
写)(upon doing...)
Upon hearing the news，he was unable to control his excitement and jumped with joy.
4．很荣幸站在这里和你们分享我的学习方法。(it作形式主语)
It is an honour for me to stand here to share with you my learning methods.
5．参观艺术展览的时候，我们讨论了这位伟大艺术家的作品。(状语从句的省略)
While visiting the art exhibition，we discussed the great artist’s works.
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius ， Madam Curie managed 1.to
discover(discover) two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital and crucial to physics.It
was 2.widely(wide) acknowledged that she was born in Poland in 1867.Distinct from other
girls，she had a strong passion for science and 3.committed(commit) her whole life to scientific
research.After 4.graduating(graduate) from high school，she took up 5.a position as a tutor.In
1891，she was admitted into the Academy of Paris,6.where she achieved great academic
performances and as a consequence，she became the first woman professor.Under unbearable
circumstances，she and her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀 矿 ) 7.with the objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their
properties.Apparently ， they encountered numerous 8.failures(fail) ， but under no
circumstances did the couple acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition.Using
flow charts and summing up what they had studied ， the couple gradually drew a
9.conclusion(conclude) that Po and Ra did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.In
1934 ， Madam Curie passed away and the whole world mourned the great loss of a
10.remarkable(remark) scientist.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
commit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed
adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
·commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上
·be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
·make a commitment 作出承诺
(1)With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is committed to working
hard every day and I firmly believe that her commitment will pay off one day.(commit)
(2)He was so selfless that he committed himself to doing(do) voluntary work to help people in
need all the time.
(3)我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这一定会对你的英语口语有益。
I strongly suggested that you (should) commit one hour to reading English on a daily basis，which
will be undoubtedly beneficial to your oral English.
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；
收件复函)
acknowledge sb/sth as/to be...认为某人/某物是……；承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
(1)Tom acknowledged being defeated/having been defeated(defeat) in the English speech
competition，which made us quite depressed.
(2)To my disappointment，I haven’t received any acknowledgement(acknowledge) or reply to
my application.(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。(应用文写作之
感谢信)
I acknowledge my English teacher，without whom I couldn’t have made such great progress in
English.
(4)孔子被公认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一。(2023·全国甲，书面表达)
①Confucius is universally/widely acknowledged as/to be one of the greatest ancient educators in
China.
②It is universally/widely acknowledged that Confucius is one of the greatest ancient educators in
China.
insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
·insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
·insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋
动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择相应的
时态。
(1)As a consequence of some solid evidence，the police officer insisted that the lady had
disobeyed(disobey) the traffic rules.
(2)只有当你坚持运用你所学的东西，你才能够尽快掌握汉语。
①You can master Chinese as quickly as possible only when you insist on putting what you have
learnt into use.(insist on)
②Only when you insist on putting what you have learnt into use can you master Chinese as quickly
as possible.(用倒装句改写)
(3)老师坚决要求我们充分利用每一分钟为高考做好准备。
The teacher insists that we (should) make full use of every minute to get well prepared for the
college entrance examination.
conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)
·in conclusion最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论
·conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束
to conclude 总之
conclude from...从……中得出结论
(1)The famous novelist concluded his speech with a distinguished saying “Where there is a
will，there is a way.”(2)总之，孔子是一位杰出的历史人物，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。
(2023·全国甲，书面表达)
In conclusion/To conclude，Confucius was a remarkable historical figure whose teachings have
had a profound impact on Chinese culture and society.
(3)我根据自己的经验得出的结论：不劳则无获。
I concluded/drew a conclusion from my own experience that no pain，no gain.
circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话
(1)这可能不是最好的设备，但它是我们在这种情况下能采用的最好的一种。
It might not be the best device，but it was the best one we can adopt under/in the circumstances.
(2)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标。如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦
想。
Under/In no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company.If circumstances
permit/allow，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
consequence n．结果，后果(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently
adv.因此)
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result因此
as/in a consequence of＝as a result of因为……；由于……
take the consequences承担后果
(1)He finally obtained his doctorate in Social Psychology as/in a consequence of genius as well
as the novel theory he has put forward.
(2)既然你已经是成年人了，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。
Now that you have grown up，you should take the consequences for your improper behavior.
(3)他几个星期来一直在努力学习，因此，他在期末考试中取得了很大的进步。
He has been committed to his study for weeks and consequently/as a consequence/in
consequence，he makes great progress in the final examination.
upon doing... Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize ，she
said，“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉
不仅仅属于我……”·upon/on doing (that)．..“一……就……”，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。
·“一……就……”的其他表达方式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，
immediately/directly/instantly，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...等。
(1)Hardly had he heard the conclusion when he boiled with anger.
→No sooner had he heard the conclusion than he boiled with anger.(no sooner...than...)
(2)一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即忙着通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续
写)
Upon/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty，John was immediately committed to
helping him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...)
(3)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
As soon as/The instant/moment/minute/Immediately/Directly/Instantly my head was pulled out of
the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.
it 作形式主语 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese
medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是
一个荣誉。
it作形式主语的常用句式：
·It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour＋to do sth
·It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
·It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句
·It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句
·It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
(1)我很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
It is a great honour for me/It is my great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions
on Beijing Opera.
(2)Apparently，we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most.
(2022·全国乙，书面表达)
→It is apparent that we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most.
(it作形式主语)
(3)听说你要去一个中国家庭做客，我非常高兴。了解中国的餐桌礼仪是有必要的。(话题写
作之传统文化)
I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese family.It is necessary that
you should know about the table manners of China.(It is＋adj.＋that...)
(4)我们都知道良好的开端是成功的一半。欢迎你尽快加入我们。It is known that well begun is half done.Welcome your participating in us as soon as possible.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．acknowledge
(1)I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens. C
(2)He acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong. A
(3)All applications will be acknowledged by emails. B
2．flow
(1)There is no denying that the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote
areas. C
(2)Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs. E
(3)We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several
major Alaskan rivers.(2021·北京) A
(4)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have
to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.(2021·新课标Ⅰ) B
(5)Seconds later，our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(2021·天津
3月) F
(6)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks
where tiny creatures lived.(2023·新课标Ⅰ) D
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.新颖的
(2)In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering
a new treatment for malaria.目标
(3)“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page，but the draft wind from the turn
caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Mr Titterman said.“Luckily I was able to catch
them and put them back.” (2021·新课标Ⅰ) ( 小股 ) 气流
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Committed(commit) to scientific research to a great extent，he couldn’t spare any time to
go on holiday.
2．Apparently(apparent)，we can’t judge people from external appearances.
3．As a genius，not only does he perform well academically(academic) but also artistically.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done(do) some oddthings.
5．To sum up，we can tackle the problem in this scientific manner.
6．From the proof we have gathered，we can indeed draw a conclusion(conclude) that he has
broken the law.
7．Insisting that Tom had stolen(steal) her car，the old tailor insisted that he (should) be
sent(send) to prison.
8．The professor conducted a series of scientific(science) experiments and made remarkable
discoveries.
9．We tried to find a table for seven，but as a matter of fact，they were all taken up.
10．Under/In no circumstances will my mother permit me to go out alone at night.
2020·全国Ⅰ改编,你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，
写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.人物简介；
2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
完成句子
1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(be committed to；定语从句)
2．在任何情况下，他都不会向困难屈服，也不会放弃他的病人。(circumstance)
3．自从他就职以来，他一直全心全意为病人服务。(take up a position)
4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语)
5．一听说患者急需帮助，他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。(Upon/On doing...)
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
参考范文
The person I respect
We have a lot of respectable people around us.They may be our teachers，parents or one of
our elders.As for me，the person I respect most is my uncle who is committed to curing patients oftheir diseases all his life.
My uncle is determined and considerate，and under no circumstances does he give in to
difficulties or give up his patients.Ever since he took up a position as a doctor，he has been serving
all the patients heart and soul.In his opinion，it is his responsibility to help patients recover from
illnesses.Upon/On hearing that his patients are in need of help，he will come to their assistance
without hesitation.
This is my uncle whom I respect and love most.
教材语料整合
[动作描写] commit oneself to；obtain；acknowledge；defeat；insist on；come to
亮 power；encounter；mourn
词 [人物描写] committed；academic；genius；gentle；passion→passionate；
extraordinary；moustache；peculiarity；remarkable
1.Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on
30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
(人物描写)
2.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be
spread around the world.(主旨升华)
美
3.Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many
句
people.(人物描写)
4.To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.(人物
描写)
5.He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as
though he had just received an electric shock.(比喻)
拓展语料积累 外貌细节描写：身材、皮肤
skinny adj.皮包骨的；slim adj.苗条的；stout adj.肥胖的；overweight adj.超重
的，过度肥胖的；well built adj.身强力壮的，体格健美的；middle-sized adj.中
单词
等身材的；wrinkled adj.有皱纹的；freckled adj.有雀斑的；ruddy adj.红润
的；dark adj.黝黑的；fair adj.白皙的；sunburned adj.晒得黝黑而好看的
a skinny/slim figure瘦削/苗条的身材；a handsome/striking figure仪表堂堂；a
well built person身材魁梧的人；a man with a big belly大腹便便的人；a person
词块
with an average build中等身材的人；a lady walking in grace走路优雅的女士；
of medium/average height中等身高；sun-kissed skin晒黑的皮肤；weather-beaten face饱经风霜的脸
1.Before us was a gentle old lady whose wrinkled face formed a portrait of
beauty.站在我们面前的是一位温文尔雅的老太太，她那布满皱纹的脸却无比的
美丽。
2.There is still a heart of loving beauty under her wrinkled face.在她布满皱纹的
脸庞下仍有一颗爱美的心。
3.She sat there，speechless and numb with shock.She remembered her mother’s
familiar face and weather-beaten hands.她坐在那里，说不出话来，吓得麻木
了。她想起母亲那张熟悉的面孔和她饱经风霜的双手。
句型
4.She retains her slim figure and is free of wrinkles.她保持着苗条的身材，脸上
也没有皱纹。
5.He was of average height and average build，with mousy hair and a forgettable
face.他中等身高，中等身材，留着灰褐色头发，长着一张过目即忘的脸。
6.A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.一个穿着蓝色连衣裙的身影
出现在门口。
7.Jenny is pretty and of slim build，with blue eyes.珍妮非常漂亮，身材苗条，
有一双蓝色的眼睛。
语料运用 杰出人物
Indeed，① his sunburned face ， arms and his slim but strong body are just like those of
millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.He ②committed
all his life to studying rice.He always ③insisted on his dream and wouldn’t ④acknowledge
defeat whatever difficulties he encountered.⑤Acknowledged as one of the greatest scientists(分词
作状语) in agriculture，Yuan Longping passed away in Changsha on May 22,2021.It was drizzling
as if ⑥it were mourning the great loss of the gentle extraordinary scientist(虚拟条件句)．
Overcome with sorrow，many Chinese people cried their hearts out，tears flowing down cheeks
uncontrollably.
事实上，他被晒黑的脸、手臂以及他瘦长而结实的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，在
过去的50年里，他一直在为他们奋斗。他毕生致力于研究水稻。他总是坚持自己的梦想，
无论遇到什么困难都不会认输。袁隆平被公认为农业界最伟大的科学家之一，于2021年5
月22日在长沙去世。细雨蒙蒙，仿佛在哀悼失去了这位温和非凡的科学家。许多中国人悲
痛欲绝，眼泪情不自禁地顺着脸颊往下流。
高考题型组合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解A★
Across the world，young people are shaping the future in many fields.Their ideas are
transforming communities and society.Here’s a look at the achievements of four inspirational
young leaders.
Kwiri Yang
Kwiri is the founder and CEO of LifeGyde，an online platform for young people to seek
advice，guidance and support.She has an impressive track record of supporting individuals and
small businesses.
She first helped immigrant owners of small businesses in California.When she developed
anxiety and depression，Kwiri realized how many people，like her，were struggling with their
mental health—and LifeGyde was born.
Abi Ramanan
Abi is the co-founder and CEO of ImpactVision，a software platform that uses machine
learning to reduce food waste.
ImpactVision’s technology uses digital imaging to take a picture of food and analyze its
nutritional value and freshness.The system aims to reduce waste while also improving food
safety.As technology advances，the sensors it uses are reducing in size and price，and could soon
be integrated into everyday devices.
Oana Toiu
Oana is the founder and general manager of Social Innovation Solutions ，which offers
training and consultancy in social innovation.
She’s also on the Board of Directors of The Entrepreneurship Academy，where students
work in teams，learning about business by running real businesses under the guidance of a team
coach.
Doreen Kessy
Doreen is CEO of Ubongo，a multi-media educational platform in Africa.Using the power of
entertainment and mass media，the company provides educational material at low cost and high
volume.
Some 6.4 million households in 31 countries currently watch ， listen and learn from
Ubongo’s cartoons each week，with improved outcomes in maths and school readiness.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位在不同领域产生积极影响的青年领袖的
成就。
1.What is Kwiri Yang’s achievement?
A．She found a cure for mental diseases.
B．She established a company on immigration.
C．She supported the young in their mental health.D．She set up an online learning platform for kids.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据 Kwiri Yang 中的“When she developed anxiety and depression，
Kwiri realized how many people，like her，were struggling with their mental health—and
LifeGyde was born.”可知，Kwiri的成就是她在心理健康方面帮助年轻人。故选C。
2．Which field does Abi Ramanan’s platform mainly focus on?
A．Health care. B．Education.
C．Technology. D．Food safety.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据 Abi Ramanan 中的“ImpactVision’s technology uses digital
imaging to take a picture of food and analyze its nutritional value and freshness.The system aims to
reduce waste while also improving food safety.”可知，Abi Ramanan的平台主要关注食品安全
领域。故选D。
3．What do these four people share in common?
A．They are young，energetic and wealthy.
B．They create jobs for many young people.
C．They made contributions to communities.
D．They encouraged the young to do business.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Their ideas are transforming communities and
society.Here’s a look at the achievements of four inspirational young leaders.”及全文可知，这
四个人的共同点是他们都对社会做出了贡献。故选C。
B★
Well-known author and Henrico resident Meg Medina，who won the 2019 Newbery Medal，
today was named National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature for 2023－2024.Medina’s
most recent book，Merci Suárez Plays It Cool，was published in August 2022，concluding her
middle-school trilogy(三部曲)．Medina，who has also written picture books and fiction for older
teens，will travel throughout the USA，sharing her platform “Cuéntame！：Let’s Talk
Books”．
Medina will meet with children at every grade level for conversations about the books they
love to read，encouraging them to move beyond talking about a book’s title and basic plot points
to how it made them feel or how it’s similar—or dissimilar—to their own lives.
The ambassador program is mainly sponsored by the Library of Congress.Clay Smith ，
director of library initiatives for the Library of Congress，says ambassadors have to be able to
speak to others about reading and writing and to communicate with children in particular.That’s
where Medina shines，he says.“She knows how kids think and how they talk，” Smithsays.“She’s able to access what’s happening with kids today.”
Smith says that since the turn of the century，there’s been a surge in literature for
children，first at the high school level and then during the middle school readers.Additionally，
there’re also a larger diversity of authors writing for children，which leads to plotlines and
characters that more accurately reflect the country as a whole.“There’s been a push for
diversity，” Smith says.“The options should be out there for children to read stories about
people who look like them.”
Medina agrees children should be empowered to choose the books they want to read for
pleasure.She hopes the conversations she has with children about books create the same satisfaction
she felt as a child，while encouraging more discussion.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了著名作家Meg Medina被任命为2023－2024
年度全国青年文学大使，她将走遍美国各地，分享她的平台——“Cuéntame！：Let’s Talk
Books”。
4．What are teens mainly expected to focus on during the talks about books?
A．The basic plot points of the books.
B．Their opinions on the books’ titles.
C．Their feelings about the books.
D．The main contents of the books.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“Medina will meet with children at every grade level for
conversations about the books they love to read，encouraging them to move beyond talking about
a book’s title and basic plot points to how it made them feel or how it’s similar—or dissimilar—
to their own lives.”可知，在关于书籍的讨论中，青少年被期待重点关注他们对所读的书的
感受，故选C。
5．Why is Medina fit to be the ambassador according to Clay Smith?
A．She is able to relate to children.
B．She is gifted at writing.
C．She takes good care of children.
D．She knows a lot of authors.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Clay Smith，director of library initiatives for the Library
of Congress，says ambassadors have to be able to speak to others about reading and writing and to
communicate with children in particular.That’s where Medina shines，he says.”以及该段最后
两句可推知，Medina适合担任大使的原因是她能和孩子们交往。故选A。6．What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Demand. B．Discovery.
C．Decrease. D．Growth.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文和“Additionally，there’re also a larger diversity of
authors writing for children，which leads to plotlines and characters that more accurately reflect
the country as a whole.”可知，有更多为儿童写作的作家，这说明儿童文学的发展迅猛，由
此可推知，画线单词“surge”意为“增加”。故选D。
7．What might make the ambassador program possible?
A．Kids’ trouble in choosing books.
B．More diverse books for children.
C．Children’s demand for good books.
D．More impacts of reading on children.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Smith says that since the turn of the century，there’s
been a surge in literature for children，first at the high school level and then during the middle
school readers.Additionally，there’re also a larger diversity of authors writing for children，
which leads to plotlines and characters that more accurately reflect the country as a whole.”可推
知，儿童文学书籍的增加及多样性使该项目的实施成为可能，故选B。
C
In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars
on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly
view.
New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”—
the diffuse illumination(漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution.The data came
from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night，a
program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.
Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and
wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved
alongside.Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.Until
relatively recently，humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky，
and the effect of this nightly spectacle(壮观景象) is evident in ancient cultures.
Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006.Anyone can submit
observations through the Globe at Night web application.Participants record which one best
matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.
Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6%per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are not well suited to
measuring sky glow as it appears to humans，because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than
500 nanometers(纳米)．White LEDs，with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers，now are
increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting.But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter
wavelengths at nighttime.Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows，either.But
these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.
“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our
efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies，” said Walker.“The Globe at Night
dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever
can to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了光污染正在夺走我们的夜空，使得星星在我
们眼前消失，并呼吁更多的人加入保护夜空的行动。
8．What is a purpose of Globe at Night?
A．To develop new light sources.
B．To collect data on star visibility.
C．To help astronomers explore space.
D．To popularize science among citizens.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第四段中“Globe at Night has been gathering data on
star visibility since 2006.”可知，“夜晚观星”项目的目的是收集星星能见度的数据。故选
B。
9．What does the loss of visible stars lead to?
A．Poorer human health.
B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．More delicate biological systems.
D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of
human cultural heritage.”可知，可见星星的缺失会导致更少的夜空文化元素。故选D。
10．What does the author stress in paragraph 5?
A．Satellites play a vital role.
B．White LEDs are widely used.
C．Crowd-sourced data are invaluable.
D．Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.
答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第五段内容尤其是“But human eyes are more sensitive to these
shorter wavelengths...contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.”可知，人眼可以更敏锐
地观测到一些设备无法观测的光污染源，由此可推断，作者在第五段中强调了众源数据是非
常有价值的。故选C。
11．What can be inferred from Walker’s words?
A．Their consistent efforts pay off.
B．The dataset needs to be updated.
C．More participants are expected to join in.
D．The sky glow has been over-emphasized.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The Globe at Night dataset is necessary in our ongoing
evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoever can to get involved to help protect
the starry night sky.”可推断，Walker期望有更多的参与者加入保护夜空的行动。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention，but invention drives the economy.The great
importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes beyond
culture.The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation，but
none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand.With that
one advancement ， in came the fastest-changing period in human history and the greatest
population growth，too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene
and reduce exposure to human waste，which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live
in.The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the
average life expectancy. 3
People eat better，and more safely，because of innovations we now take for granted like the
refrigerator，the oven and running tap water.Daily life at work has transformed because heavy-
lifting jobs can be done by forklifts.In fact，technology is reaching a new height. 4 More
people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and the like changing our fitness
level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by
playing games. 5 How people communicate，work，eat，travel，shop is all subject to
innovation and invention.Advances don’t always improve life，though，as many people are
learning through the constant-access struggles of smartphones and ever-present noise pollution in
cities.
A．Innovation shapes the way life is lived.B．They can turn to their phone，TV or radio.
C．Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D．They have affected the way we consume media.
E．Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F．New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G．And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了发明的重要性，作者认为虽说需求是发明之
母，但发明才是经济的动力。
1．答案 A
解析 根据空前内容“The great importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes
the world.”以及空后内容“And it goes beyond culture...”可知，空前和空后讲述的是发明的
重要性。选项A“创新塑造了人们的生活方式”符合上下文内容，讲述的也是发明即创新给
人们的生活带来的变化。空后的it指的就是A项中的Innovation。故选A。
2．答案 E
解析 根据空后内容“Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to
improve hygiene and...which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live in...”可知，下
文主要讲述的是发明影响了我们生活的各个方面。选项E“发明影响现代生活的方方面面”
与下文内容相一致，是下文内容的综述。故选E。
3．答案 G
解析 根据空前内容“The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in
turn helped extend the average life expectancy.”可知，现代发明有助于延长人类的平均寿命，
所以上文讲的是发明与人类生命的关系。选项G“这导致了地球人口在过去150年里急剧增
长”与上文构成因果关系，正是由于人类寿命的延长，才导致了地球人口的剧增。故选G。
4．答案 C
解析 根据空前内容“Daily life at work has transformed because...”可知，上文讲述的是发明
对工作的影响。选项C“工厂现在使用机器人做很多工作”承接上文内容，同时与下文
“More people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and...”保持一致，正因为
工厂有机器人做很多工作，所以越来越多的人可以在办公室工作。故选C。
5．答案 B
解析 根据空前内容“Even entertainment has changed because...”可知，上文提到的是人们
不再需要只通过游戏来获得乐趣。选项B“他们可以转向手机、电视或收音机”承接上文内
容，进一步说明发明给娱乐方式带来的变化。选项中的They指代上文的people。故选B。
