文档内容
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．physiology n．生理学；生理机能
2．artemisinin n．[药]青蒿素
3．malaria n．疟疾
4．extract n．提取物；摘录 vt.提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出
5．wormwood n．蒿；洋艾
6．substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
7．penicillin n．青霉素
8．chart n．图表 vt.记录；制订计划
9．flow chart流程图
10．numerous adj.众多的；许多的
11．theory n．理论；学说
12．relativity n．相对论；相对性
13．formula n．公式；方程式；配方
14．patent n．专利；专利证书；获得专利 adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
15．doctorate n．博士学位
16．photoelectric adj.光电的
17．institution n．社会公共机构；制度；习俗
18．institute n．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
19．moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
20．peculiarity n．个性；特点；怪异的性质
21．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的
4．property n．性质；特征；财产5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点
6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的
7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
9．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地
13．flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
14．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
15．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
16．infer vt.推断；推定
17．genius n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
18．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
19．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
20．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
21．mourn vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
22．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的
23．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和
24．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．commit vt.承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力
的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；
学术的
3．botanical adj.植物学的→botany n．植物学
4．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
5．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别
6．analyse(NAmE -ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析
7．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
8．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
9．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的
10．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建
者；创始人
11．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治(学)→political adj.政治的12．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地
13．passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.有激情的
14．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently
adv.结果；因此；所以
15．professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的；专业的 n．专
业人士
1．sacrifice /'sækrIfaIs/ n．& vt.牺牲；献出
2．shatter /'ʃætə(r)/ vi.& vt.(使)破碎；(使)碎裂
3．detour /'diːtʊə(r)/ n．绕行的路；兜圈子 vi.& vt.(使)绕道；(使)绕行
4．pause /pɔːz/ vi.暂停；停顿 vt.(按暂停键)暂停放音；暂停放像 n．停顿；停顿的时间
5．sway /sweI/ vi.& vt.(使)摇摆；(使)摇动 n．摇摆；摆动
6．spray /spreI/ vt.& vi.向……扫射(或抛洒)；喷洒 n．浪花；水花；飞沫
7．crawl /krɔːl/ vi.爬行；匍匐行进；缓慢行进
8．tear up(猛地)拔起；撕毁或撕碎(文件等)
9．hop /hɒp/ vi.快速行走；单脚跳行
10．vacant /'veIkənt/ adj.空着的；未被占用的
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
2．insist on坚决要求
3．wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗
4．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
5．take up a position担任；任职
6．sum up总结；概括
7．lead to导致
8．graduate from毕业于……
9．with the objective of目的是……
10．manage to do sth设法做成某事
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives，and has led to improved health for
millions of people.(过去分词作前置定语)
青蒿素挽救了成千上万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。
2．After failing more than 190 times，the team finally succeeded in 1971.(介词＋doing)经历了
190多次的失败之后，这个团队终于在1971年获得了成功。
3．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not justmine...”(upon doing...)当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于
我……”
4．It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread
around the world.(it作形式主语)中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是一个荣誉。
5．While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning
a doctorate in physics in 1905.(状语从句的省略)
工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他继续学习，于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
Madam Curie
Being an extraordinary and gentle woman genius ， Madam Curie managed
1.________________(discover) two kinds of radioactive elements，which were vital and crucial
to physics.It was 2.____________(wide) acknowledged that she was born in Poland in
1867.Distinct from other girls ， she had a strong passion for science and
3.____________(commit) her whole life to scientific research.After 4.____________(graduate)
from high school，she took up 5.____________ position as a tutor.In 1891，she was admitted into
the Academy of Paris,6.____________ she achieved great academic performances and as a
consequence，she became the first woman professor.Under unbearable circumstances，she and
her husband spared no effort to analyze and evaluate pitchblende(沥青铀矿) 7.________ the
objective of extracting radioactive substances and studying their properties.Apparently，
they encountered numerous 8.____________(fail)，but under no circumstances did the couple
acknowledge defeat and they insisted on their ambition.Using flow charts and summing up
what they had studied，the couple gradually drew a 9.____________(conclude) that Po and Ra
did exist，which was soon spread throughout the world.In 1934，Madam Curie passed away and
the whole world mourned the great loss of a 10.____________(remark) scientist.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
commit vt.承诺；保证；花(钱或时间) vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(committed
adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
•commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺/保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit sth to (doing) sth 将(时间或金钱)花在(做)某事上
•be committed to (doing) sth/commit oneself to (doing) sth 致力于(做)某事
•make a commitment 作出承诺
(1)With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is ____________ to working
hard every day and I firmly believe that her ____________ will pay off one day.(commit)(2)He was so selfless that he committed himself to ______(do) voluntary work to help people in
need all the time.
(3)我强烈建议你每天花一个小时读英语，这一定会对你的英语口语有益。
I strongly suggested that ________________________________________________，which will
be undoubtedly beneficial to your oral English.
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n．承认；感谢；
收件复函)
acknowledge sb/sth as/to be...认为某人/某物是……；承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing/having done sth 承认做了某事
acknowledge that...承认……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that...……是大家公认的。
(1)Tom acknowledged ____________________________________(defeat) in the English speech
competition，which made us quite depressed.
(2)To my disappointment，I haven’t received any ________________________(acknowledge) or
reply to my application.
(3)我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我不可能在英语方面取得如此巨大的进步。(应用文写作之
感谢信)
____________________________________，without whom I couldn’t have made such great
progress in English.
(4)孔子被公认为是中国最伟大的古代教育家之一。(2023•全国甲，书面表达)
①Confucius ________________________ one of the greatest ancient educators in China.
②________________________________ Confucius is one of the greatest ancient educators in
China.
insist vt.& vi.坚持；坚决要求
•insist on (doing) sth 坚决要求/坚持(做)某事
•insist作“坚决要求”讲时，后接宾语从句，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋
动词原形”，should可省略；作“坚持认为”讲时，从句用陈述语气，根据需要选择相应的
时态。
(1)As a consequence of some solid evidence ， the police officer insisted that the lady
____________________(disobey) the traffic rules.
(2)只有当你坚持运用你所学的东西，你才能够尽快掌握汉语。
①You can master Chinese as quickly as possible only when you ______________________.(insist
on)
②________________________________________________________________________( 用 倒装句改写)
(3)老师坚决要求我们充分利用每一分钟为高考做好准备。
The teacher insists that ________________________________________________ to get well
prepared for the college entrance examination.
conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)
•in conclusion最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论
•conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束
to conclude 总之
conclude from...从……中得出结论
(1)The famous novelist concluded his speech ____________ a distinguished saying “Where
there is a will，there is a way.”
(2)总之，孔子是一位杰出的历史人物，他的学说对中国文化和社会产生了深远的影响。
(2023·全国甲，书面表达)
____________，Confucius was a remarkable historical figure whose teachings have had a
profound impact on Chinese culture and society.
(3)我根据自己的经验得出的结论：不劳则无获。
I ________________________________________________ that no pain，no gain.
circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
under/in no circumstances无论如何都不，决不(置于句首，句子用部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此
if circumstances permit/allow如果情况允许的话
(1)这可能不是最好的设备，但它是我们在这种情况下能采用的最好的一种。
It might not be the best device ， but it was the best one we can adopt
________________________.
(2)我决不放弃创办一家公司的目标。如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦
想。
_______________________________ the objective of founding a
company.________________，I will take immediate action to accomplish my dream.
consequence n．结果，后果(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 consequently
adv.因此)
as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result因此
as/in a consequence of＝as a result of因为……；由于……take the consequences承担后果
(1)He finally obtained his doctorate in Social Psychology ____________ a consequence of
genius as well as the novel theory he has put forward.
(2)既然你已经是成年人了，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。
Now that you have grown up，________________________________________________.
(3)他几个星期来一直在努力学习，因此，他在期末考试中取得了很大的进步。
He has been committed to his study for weeks and ____________________________________，
he makes great progress in the final examination.
upon doing... Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize ，she
said，“The honour is not just mine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉
不仅仅属于我……”
•upon/on doing (that)...“一……就……”，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。
• “ 一 … … 就 … … ” 的 其 他 表 达 方 式 ： as soon as ， the
moment/minute/instant，immediately/directly/instantly，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...等。
(1)Hardly had he heard the conclusion ____________ he boiled with anger.
→____________________________________ he boiled with anger.(no sooner...than...)
(2)一听说伯纳德陷入困境，约翰立即忙着通过做爆米花帮助他。(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续
写)
__________________________________________，John was immediately committed to helping
him by making popcorn.(Upon/On doing...)
(3)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)
________________________________________________________________________ ， I
sighed in relief.
it 作形式主语 It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese
medicine to be spread around the world.中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播确实是
一个荣誉。
it作形式主语的常用句式：
•It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour＋to do sth
•It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
•It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that从句
•It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句
•It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
(1)我很荣幸能发表演讲，与大家分享我对京剧的看法。(应用文写作之演讲稿)________________________________________________________________________
share with you my opinions on Beijing Opera.
(2)Apparently，we should spend some time considering which learning method suits us most.
(2022·全国乙，书面表达)
→________________________ we should spend some time considering which learning method
suits us most.(it作形式主语)
(3)听说你要去一个中国家庭做客，我非常高兴。了解中国的餐桌礼仪是有必要的。(话题写
作之传统文化)
I’m more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit a Chinese
family._________________________ ___________________________(It is＋adj.＋that...)
(4)我们都知道良好的开端是成功的一半。欢迎你尽快加入我们。
________________________________________________Welcome your participating in us as
soon as possible.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．acknowledge
(1)I acknowledge my mother，who always supports me whatever happens.________
(2)He acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong.________
(3)All applications will be acknowledged by emails.________
2．flow
A.n.流动量 B.n.流畅 C.n.供应 D.vi.液体流动 E.vi.大量人或物流动 F.vi.飘
拂
(1)There is no denying that the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote
areas.________
(2)Large numbers of villagers continue to flow into big cities to search for jobs.________
(3)We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several
major Alaskan rivers.(2021·北京)________
(4)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have
to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.(2021·新课标Ⅰ)________
(5)Seconds later，our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
(2021·天津3月)________
(6)A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rockswhere tiny creatures lived.(2023·新课标Ⅰ) ________
3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)Tu Youyou discovered a novel method to extract the useful substance.____________
(2)In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering
a new treatment for malaria.____________
(3)“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page，but the draft wind from the turn
caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Mr Titterman said.“Luckily I was able to catch
them and put them back.” (2021·新课标Ⅰ) ____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．____________(commit) to scientific research to a great extent，he couldn’t spare any time
to go on holiday.
2．____________(apparent)，we can’t judge people from external appearances.
3．As a genius，not only does he perform well ________________(academic) but also artistically.
4．Jack wasn’t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he ____________(do) some
odd things.
5．To sum ____________，we can tackle the problem in this scientific manner.
6．From the proof we have gathered，we can indeed draw a ____________(conclude) that he has
broken the law.
7 ． Insisting that Tom ____________(steal) her car ， the old tailor insisted that he
____________(send) to prison.
8．The professor conducted a series of ____________(science) experiments and made remarkable
discoveries.
9．We tried to find a table for seven，but as a matter of fact，they were all taken ____________.
10．____________ no circumstances will my mother permit me to go out alone at night.
2020·全国Ⅰ改编
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内
容包括：
1.人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
完成句子
1．我最尊敬的人是我的叔叔，他终生致力于治愈病人的疾病。(be committed to；定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________2．在任何情况下，他都不会向困难屈服，也不会放弃他的病人。(circumstance)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3．自从他就职以来，他一直全心全意为病人服务。(take up a position)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4．在他看来，帮助病人从疾病中康复是他的职责。(it作形式主语)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
5．一听说患者急需帮助，他就会毫不犹豫地援助他们。(Upon/On doing...)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
[动作描写] commit oneself to；obtain；acknowledge；defeat；insist on；come
to power；encounter；mourn
亮词
[人物描写] committed；academic；genius；gentle；passion→passionate；
extraordinary；moustache；peculiarity；remarkable
1.Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born in Ningbo，China，on
30 December 1930，and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
(人物描写)
2.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be
美句
spread around the world.(主旨升华)
3.Einstein was not only a genius；he was a courageous and kind figure loved by
many people.(人物描写)
4.To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.(人物描写)
5.He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as
though he had just received an electric shock.(比喻)
拓展语料积累 外貌细节描写：身材、皮肤
skinny adj.皮包骨的；slim adj.苗条的；stout adj.肥胖的；overweight adj.超
重的，过度肥胖的；well built adj.身强力壮的，体格健美的；middle-sized
单词
adj.中等身材的；wrinkled adj.有皱纹的；freckled adj.有雀斑的；ruddy adj.
红润的；dark adj.黝黑的；fair adj.白皙的；sunburned adj.晒得黝黑而好看的
a skinny/slim figure瘦削/苗条的身材；a handsome/striking figure仪表堂堂；a
well built person身材魁梧的人；a man with a big belly大腹便便的人；a person
词块 with an average build中等身材的人；a lady walking in grace走路优雅的女士；
of medium/average height中等身高；sun-kissed skin晒黑的皮肤；weather-
beaten face饱经风霜的脸
1.Before us was a gentle old lady whose wrinkled face formed a portrait of
beauty.站在我们面前的是一位温文尔雅的老太太，她那布满皱纹的脸却无比
的美丽。
2.There is still a heart of loving beauty under her wrinkled face.在她布满皱纹的
脸庞下仍有一颗爱美的心。
3.She sat there，speechless and numb with shock.She remembered her mother’s
familiar face and weather-beaten hands.她坐在那里，说不出话来，吓得麻木
了。她想起母亲那张熟悉的面孔和她饱经风霜的双手。
句型 4.She retains her slim figure and is free of wrinkles.她保持着苗条的身材，脸
上也没有皱纹。
5.He was of average height and average build，with mousy hair and a
forgettable face.他中等身高，中等身材，留着灰褐色头发，长着一张过目即
忘的脸。
6.A figure in a blue dress appeared in the doorway.一个穿着蓝色连衣裙的身影
出现在门口。
7.Jenny is pretty and of slim build，with blue eyes.珍妮非常漂亮，身材苗条，
有一双蓝色的眼睛。
语料运用 杰出人物
Indeed，①____________________________________________________________ are just
like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.He
②____________________________________.He always ③________________________ and
wouldn’t ④___________________________________________.⑤__________________ ( 分词作状语) in agriculture，Yuan Longping passed away in Changsha on May 22,2021.It was
drizzling as if ⑥_____________________________________________________(虚拟条件句)．
Overcome with sorrow，many Chinese people cried their hearts out，tears flowing down cheeks
uncontrollably.
事实上，他被晒黑的脸、手臂以及他瘦长而结实的身体，就像数百万中国农民一样，在
过去的50年里，他一直在为他们奋斗。他毕生致力于研究水稻。他总是坚持自己的梦想，
无论遇到什么困难都不会认输。袁隆平被公认为农业界最伟大的科学家之一，于2021年5
月22日在长沙去世。细雨蒙蒙，仿佛在哀悼失去了这位温和非凡的科学家。许多中国人悲
痛欲绝，眼泪情不自禁地顺着脸颊往下流。
