文档内容
必修第一册 Unit 1 Back to school(2)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·安徽江淮十校联考)
When robots and humans interact in a shared environment，it is important for them to move
in ways that prevent conflicts or accidents.To reduce the risk ， roboticists have developed
numerous techniques that monitor an environment，predict the future actions of humans，identify
safe trajectories(轨道) for a robot and control its movements accordingly.
Predicting human behavior and movements ， however ， can be incredibly
challenging.Determining the future movements of a robot，on the other hand，could be far
easier.If human users could anticipate the movements of robots and the effects these will have on
the surrounding environment，they should then be able to easily adapt their actions in order to
avoid accidents.
With this in mind，researchers at Kyushu University in Japan recently created a near-future
perception system named Previewed Reality that allows human users to forecast future changes in
their environment，which could then inform their decisions and guide their actions.This system
compiles a data-set containing information about the position of objects，humans and robots
within the same environment，to then produce simulations(模拟) of events that could take place in
the near future.These simulations are presented to human users via Virtual Reality(VR) or
Augmented Reality(AR) headsets.
To collect information about the position of different objects，robots，and humans in a
shared environment，the researchers used a number of strategically placed sensors，including
optical trackers that monitored the movements of objects or robots，and an RGB-D camera which
mainly tracked human actions.The data gathered by the sensors was then fed to a motion planner
and a dynamics simulator.Combining these two system components allowed the researchers to
forecast changes in a given environment and synthesize(合成) images of events that are likely to
occur in the near future，from the viewpoint of a specific human.Human users could then view
these synthesized images simply through a VR headset or an AR display.
“This system provides human-friendly communication between a human and a robotic
system，” the researchers explained.In their next studies，they plan to expand and simplify the
perception system，for instance by creating a lighter and more affordable version that can be
accessed on smartphones or other portable devices.
1．Why did the researchers develop the system?
A．To predict future changes in human behavior.B．To record developments in the field of robotics.
C．To enhance safety of human-robot interactions.
D．To make good use of virtual reality technology.
2．What is special about Previewed Reality?
A．It simulates near-future events via VR headsets.
B．It enables human users to perceive future events.
C．It guides robots to track humans’ movements easily.
D．It helps determine the location information of objects.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Functions of various sensors.
B．New ways to synthesize images.
C．The structure of Previewed Reality.
D．The working process of Previewed Reality.
4．What might the researchers do in the future?
A．Promote the new version through advertising.
B．Test this perception system with smart phones.
C．Apply some new techniques to robotic systems.
D．Make the system accessible on portable devices.
B
Farming is destroying the planet.But there could be a much more environmentally friendly
way to feed ourselves: using renewable energy to turn carbon dioxide (CO ) into food.
2
“This is becoming a reality，” says Pasi Vainikka at Solar Foods.The company is building
the first commercial-scale factory，near Helsinki in Finland，which will be able to make food
directly from CO .
2
At the factory，renewable electricity will be used to break down water to produce hydrogen
and oxygen.The hydrogen will be added to large containers，where the bacteria grow，along with
CO and ammonia(NH ) to provide carbon and nitrogen separately.Some of the CO will be taken
2 3 2
directly from the air at a visitors’ centre at the factory，Vainikka says，and the rest will come
from industrial sources.The end result will be a yellow powder called Solein that is made of
bacterial cells and is up to 70 per cent protein.It can be used as an ingredient in all kinds of foods，
from meat alternatives to grains and snacks.“We are aiming at replacing animal-sourced
proteins，which we think have the highest environmental impact，” says Vainikka.
Solein was approved as a food ingredient in Singapore in October 2022，and Solar Foods is
awaiting approval in the UK，the European Union and the US.
Compared with plant crops，Solein will use 100 times less water per kilogram of protein
produced,20 times less land—including the land used for energy production—and produce a fifth
as much CO ，according to Solar Foods.Compared with beef，a kilogram of protein can be
2produced using 600 times less water and 200 times less land，again counting the land used for
energy production，while producing 200 times less CO ，says the company.
2
There are other benefits ， too: factories could be situated anywhere in the world and
production won’t be affected by weather extremes.“With Solar Foods and other companies
scaling up(扩大) their systems，this is truly stepping in a new age of agriculture，” says Dorian
Leger at Connectomix Bio in Germany.
5．What can we learn about Solein from paragraph 3?
A．It was used as feed for animals at first.
B．Up to 70 per cent of it can be recycled.
C．It is made from hydrogen and oxygen.
D．It can be applied to food production.
6．What advantage does Solein have in producing a kilo of protein?
A．It uses 600 times less land than beef.
B．It produces 200 times less CO than beef.
2
C．It uses 200 times less water than plant crops.
D．It produces 100 times less CO than plant crops.
2
7．What is Dorian Leger’s attitude towards the future of Solein?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Tolerant.
8．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．CO Can Be Recycled to Stimulate Local Economy
2
B．New Food Strategy Reduces Big Questions on Health
C．A Factory Will Start Making Green Food from Air and Electricity
D．Campaigners Recommend Ways to Reduce Climate Impact of Farming
Ⅱ.七选五
Vegan Agriculture
Vegan farming(全素农业) has become more and more popular.It is one of the most
environment-friendly forms of agriculture.Vegan farming is a good way to grow plants such as
vegetables without using animal-derived materials such as their waste.__1__ Such an approach to
farming also helps preserve the environment and regain soil richness and improve its biodiversity.
__2__ Organic farming uses natural products to grow plants—that can include even animal
waste as fertilizers.On the other hand，vegan agriculture rejects animal-derived products and
usually sticks with plant-based organic compounds，which means that，in general，vegan
agriculture has stricter rules than organic farming.
Additionally，vegan farming usually chooses more natural ways to protect the plants，like
breaking cycles of plants’ diseases with mixed cropping(混作)，using mechanical barriers such
as nets，or even attracting opposing organisms to fight the harmful ones.__3__ However，they
might be less effective against certain plant diseases or pests.One of the reasons to invest in vegan agriculture is that the vegan way of farming replaces
synthetic(合成的) pesticides and uses organic pesticides or other non-chemical methods to protect
the crops.By contrast，in conventional agriculture，synthetic pesticides are on a very high
level.__4__
In the future ， it is of great significance not to rely on animals’ waste for feeding
plants.Doing so is not only beneficial to vegans.__5__ Even if today’s methods of vegan
agriculture might not be perfect，scientists worldwide，together with vegan farmers，are working
towards developing plant-based solutions as alternatives to animal-derived fertilizers.
A．Also，vegan farmers are far from applying synthetic fertilizers.
B．Accordingly，the amount of it in food products is much higher.
C．In today’s world，the vegan diet and lifestyle are increasingly popular.
D．It is apparent that vegan agriculture is not the same as an organic one.
E．But it’s also good for the whole world，including other animals and plants.
F．Those ways affect the environment less than the ways of traditional farming.
G．The rise of veganism creates new demand for more vegan-friendly agriculture.
Ⅲ.完形填空
Jennifer Webb-McRae always knew what she wanted to be when she grew up.
She really never wanted to be anything else but a __1__ when she grew up and that was
because her family kind of put that idea in her head.They used to say she __2__ every point，so
she should grow up and be a lawyer.
Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and __3__ her law degree there.Early on，Webb-
McRae was interested in family law，so she clerked for a judge __4__ in that field.Later，she got
a chance to work with the juvenile(未成年) justice system.During that time，she found she had a
__5__ for criminal law and decided to work for that.
Now，she feels fortunate to get a job representing juvenile defendants.Her responsibilities are
complex and she says she has a role to __6__ in this system.She works to help people make good
choices，__7__ when they are young.She recognizes the power of peer pressure that children
face.She __8__ the strong “no-snitching(禁止告密)” culture among young people that can
block needed intervention.
To __9__ this disturbing and worrying situation，Webb-McRae __10__ an Annual Back to
School Initiative.After just six years in __11__，the program now involves 40 schools.Earlier this
year，Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series.She thinks everyone has a right to
__12__ the justice system is fair and just.
“Our justice system certainly is not __13__，but I’m passionate about doing my little part
to make it better.I believe in __14__ and moving the ball forward.” Webb-McRae hopes her
example will __15__ girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams.
1．A.worker B．doctor C．lawyer D．teacher2．A.argued B．confirmed C．appreciated D．supported
3．A.designed B．received C．required D．expected
4．A.caught B．blessed C．involved D．trapped
5．A.motive B．passion C．demand D．tolerance
6．A.choose B．direct C．perform D．play
7．A.truly B．obviously C．especially D．certainly
8．A.acquires B．notes C．predicts D．follows
9．A.track B．battle C．seek D．question
10．A.instructed B．assumed C．programed D．launched
11．A.existence B．trouble C．treatment D．expectation
12．A.figure out B．point out C．make sure D．let out
13．A.complete B．persuasive C．perfect D．reliable
14．A.logic B．action C．wisdom D．wonder
15．A.challenge B．inspire C．permit D．remind
Ⅳ.语法填空
A robot has been taught to laugh at jokes to make it more human.Researchers are using AI to
train robots about appropriate laughter，and 1.____________(distinguish) between chuckles and
screams.
They described 2.____________(work)with a robot called Erica in the hope of making a
conversation more natural.“We think that one of the most important 3.____________(function) of
conversational AI is sympathy，” said Dr Koji Inoue，a professor.“A conversation is，of
course，multimodal，not just responding correctly.So we decided that one way a robot can
empathize(共情) with users is to share their laughter，4.________ you cannot do with a text-based
chatbot.”
Creating a “5.____________(share) laughter” model，the researchers used AI to help
detect laughter and decide whether to laugh and what kind of laughter would be
6.____________(good)．Four short dialogues between real people and Erica 7.____________(use)
to test the system，which performed well.
However，the experts said there is more work to do to create 8.____________(true) natural
laughter situations.
Dr Inoue said，“The robot should actually have 9.____________ distinct character，and it
can show this character through its conversational behaviors，such as laughing，eye gaze，
gestures and speaking styles.It may well take more than 10 to 20 years before we can finally have a
casual chat 10.____________ a robot like we would with a friend.”
Ⅴ.读后续写微写作
My middle child，Jake，was smart and good-looking，but he always sees the cup of life as
half empty.Every day when he came home from school，Jake would list everything bad thathappened that day!
On his ninth birthday，we saved enough money to take the family to Disneyland for two
days.His dad and I didn’t make much then，so it cost a considerable amount，but we felt
Jake’s birthday was worth it.After doing Disneyland to death(玩够了)，we returned to our hotel
room，all exhausted.And I asked the birthday boy，“Did you have fun today，Jake？”
All my fault-finding son could say to me was “Pirates(海盗) of the Caribbean was
closed！” “Jake Marshall，” I was clearly unable to contain my anger，“we stood in line
for an hour and a half to see The Haunted Mansion.We rode Space Mountain three times.We spent
two days playing in the park，and all you can say is，Pirates of the Caribbean was closed？”
Clearly，something had to be done about his negative attitude and I was going to be the one to do
it!
I was determined to help him.I read every article and bought every book.With the help of great
resources，I found my son had the tendency to see the worst in every situation.My research told
me that people with negativity have an emotional need for order and sensitivity.That meant I
needed to listen to my son’s daily pessimistic reports.My usual reaction was to try to talk Jake out
of his negativity，but that wouldn’t satisfy his need for sensitivity，so I had to let him finish his
complaints and ask what good things happened.Then I needed to wait until he could tell me.This
would help Jake realize that good things really were happening to him.
范文补全
One day Jake came home from school and complained as
usual.1.____________________(他列举了在学校的糟糕的事)．I listened carefully，looking at
him and nodding now and then.After his complaint，I asked what good things happened to
him.“Nothing.” 2.________________________________(他的反应是我能预料到的)．
“Something good must have happened.Think it over，my boy，” I encouraged with a gentle
smile.After about fifteen minutes’ effort，he admitted being praised by his head teacher for
helping cleaning the front desk.Through this
practice,3.__________________________________________(他意识到好的事情真的发生在了
他身上)．
From then on，Jake came to understand the power of seeing good points.He would not
just consider everything awful,4.______________________________________(而是愿意发现极
好 的 事 情 ) ． And to my great joy ， he kept patient and peaceful during his
sharing.5.__________________________(他甚至会因为好的事情而兴奋地跳舞)．I witnessed
his attitude changing from negativity to positivity.The path to getting there seemed to be a
struggle，but he was making headway.6._________________________________(我的努力正在
获得回报) and I believed Jake would get used to seeing the cup of life as half full.
