文档内容
选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Banff National Park is home to an amazing wildlife population.But the busy TransCanada
Highway that cuts through the park is a hazard to the lovely animals.To address the problem，
Banff first put up wildlife fencing on either side of the highway to discourage animals from
entering the busy road.Then，since 1996，six wildlife overpasses and 38 underpasses have been
opened to help the animals cross the highway in safety.
I was fortunate to visit Banff’s Red Earth Overpass with Trevor Kinley ，the project
manager of Parks Canada.He told me that so far，they had documented 10,000 safe animal
crossings on this overpass alone.
“Some animals have learned how to use the crossings much more quickly than others.Black
bears are the fastest learners，followed by deer.Wolves and lions take the longest to work out how
to use them，”Kinley said，laughing.“But those animals that are slower to adapt are usually
more capable and determined to figure out the safest way to cross those overpasses and
underpasses.”
There is some criticism(批评) that channeling so much wildlife into a few bridges and tunnels
is like making a trap for the animals，offering big animals an easy meal on either side.“But
research has shown that this is not the case，”Kinley assured me.“There are no more killings
around the crossings than anywhere else in the park.”
Walking over the TransCanada Highway and then walking underneath through one of the
tunnels，I was amazed to see the fresh tracks of black bears，wolves，deer and many kinds of
smaller animals.Somehow，I was so happy to see all these animal footprints，knowing that all this
wildlife was passing safely under and over the longest road in Canada.
Hopefully，the success of the wildlife crossings in Banff will continue to inspire similar
solutions around the world，where human pressure on wildlife continues to grow.
1．Which of the following best explains the underlined “hazard”in paragraph 1?
A．Shelter. B．Message.
C．Answer. D．Danger.
2．What does Trevor Kinley say about those wolves and lions?
A．They are stupid animals.
B．They are cautious learners.
C．They are very dangerous.
D．They are good at adapting.3．What are the critics worried about?
A．There are too many bridges and tunnels.
B．Many animals will not use the crossings.
C．More killings might happen at the crossings.
D．Illegal hunting might be encouraged in the park.
4．How does the author feel at the end of the visit?
A．Concerned. B．Disappointed.
C．Shocked. D．Delighted.
B
Plants don’t have ears or a central nervous system，but new research out of the University
of Missouri has demonstrated that they might still have the ability to “hear” ． More
specifically，plants have been shown to exhibit an immune response to the mere sound of a hungry
insect.
For the study，researchers played the sound of a caterpillar chewing to a group of plants，
which caused slight vibrations(振动) on the plants’ leaves.The plants were able to recognize these
vibration patterns as danger，and responded by mounting the appropriate immune response.In
other words，it appears that plants can “hear”themselves being chewed on.
Researchers assume that plants achieve this remarkable ability thanks to proteins that respond
to pressure found within their cell membranes.Vibrations cause pressure changes within the cell，
which can change the behavior of the proteins；however，additional study will be required to
confirm or deny this theory.
Once researchers identify the exact mechanisms at play in this process，it could lead to
advances in crop protection.Farmers could potentially learn to use sound to cause a plant’s natural
chemical defenses against insect threats，rather than turning to poisonous chemicals.
“We can imagine applications of this where plants could be treated with sound or genetically
engineered to respond to certain sounds that would be useful for agriculture，”said study author
Heidi Appel.
The study adds to the growing list of ways that plants have been shown to sense their
environments.They are not the boring organisms that many people assume they are.For instance，
some plants are able to communicate with each other and signal upcoming danger to their
neighbors by releasing chemicals into the air.Plants can respond to light (think about sunflowers)
and temperature.Some can even respond to touch，such as the Venus flytrap(捕蝇草)，which
snaps shut when an insect stimulates its hairs.
5．Why did researchers carry out the study?
A．To find out if plants can react to sounds.
B．To learn how plants recognize dangers.
C．To discover if plants can shake their leaves.D．To see how plants improve immune systems.
6．What’s the potential use of researchers’discovery?
A．To remove insects.
B．To protect crops.
C．To treat plant diseases.
D．To produce chemicals.
7．What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?
A．There are more plants than we know.
B．Lots of secrets about plants remain unclear.
C．Plants fit in well with their environments.
D．Plants are more active than we think.
8．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Can Plants“Talk”with Each Other?
B．How Do Plants Make Use of Sounds?
C．Can Plants“Hear”Themselves Being Eaten?
D．How Do Plants Defend Themselves Against Attacks?
C
The Tiangong space station is a space station being constructed by China.The construction of
the station is based on the experience gained from its pioneers，Tiangong1 and Tiangong2.The
first module(舱)，the Tianhe core module，was launched on April 29,2021，followed by
multiple crewed and uncrewed missions and two more modules to be launched by 2022.
According to China Manned Space Agency(CMSA)，which operates the space station，the
purpose and missions of Tiangong space station are listed as：breakthroughs in key technologies
such as permanent human operations in orbit，longterm autonomous spaceflight of the space
station，life support technology and development of technology that can aid future deep space
exploration.
The Tianhe Core Cabin Module(CCM) provides life support and living quarters for three crew
members and provides guidance and navigation(导航) for the station.The module also provides the
station’s power.The station is equipped with a small kitchen for food preparation and the firstever
microwave oven in the spaceflight，so that astronauts can always have hot food whenever they
need.120 different types of food，selected based on astronauts’ preference，are stored aboard.
China’s intention to build its own space station was amplified(增强) after NASA refused
Chinese participation in International Space Station in 2011.On February 22,2017，CMSA and
Italian Space Agency(ASI) signed an agreement to cooperate on longterm human spaceflight
activities.The agreement holds importance due to Italy’s leading position in the field of human
spaceflight with regard to the creation and development of the International Space Station and it
shows Italy’s increased expectations of China’s developing space station program.Tiangong isalso expected to host experiments from many other countries.
9．What do we know about the Tiangong space station?
A．It aims to build a core module.
B．Its construction has been finished.
C．Selfcontrolled flight is impossible.
D．It can further assist space exploration.
10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．Food stored aboard the station.
B．Ways of cooking in space.
C．Living conditions on Tianhe CCM.
D．Life supporting technologies.
11．What will the future of the Tiangong space station be like according to the text?
A．Dependent and unclear.
B．Promising and influential.
C．Leading but unpredictable.
D．Internationalized but risky.
12．In which section of a website may this text appear?
A．Space fiction.
B．Life & Health.
C．Historical events.
D．Science & Technology.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·江苏南京联考)
Every day，a lot of people move house.With a newfound appreciation for space and air，it
may suddenly have seemed as if a new kind of life was possible. 1 .Here’s some expert advice
on how to build a new community.
2
Ask people you already know if they could introduce you to anyone in the location to which
you are moving.Posting on social media is probably the easiest way to tap your friends’ friends.It
increases the chance that there’s someone you will get along with.
Don’t expect friends to magically appear
3 .People really need to take the initiative to go out there and meet people and not assume
that friends are just going to fall into their lives.As people become familiar to us，we like them
more，and it’s completely unconscious.
Be open to a broader range of people
You have spent a lifetime narrowing your social circle to those you really care about，but thechances are you’re not going to meet new best friends in your new area instantly.When it comes
to friendships，having close friends is one of the best things we can do for our health and
wellbeing.But even having brief interactions with people in general benefits us. 4 .
Don’t despair
Remember to maintain preexisting friendships，so that you’re not feeling lonely and
disconnected while developing new relationships. 5 .But people don’t realize that if they put
themselves out there，the process can go faster than they think.It really makes a difference if
you’re willing to attend different events；you can really change your social life.
A．Make a public appeal
B．Put some work in before you move
C．Quality is best，but quantity still does something
D．It can take a long time to build up new friendships
E．But now the pandemic has made it harder to connect with strangers
F．It doesn’t necessarily mean you made the wrong decision in moving
G．We tend to think friendships happen naturally and that’s a huge misconception
