文档内容
选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was an early blow to my self-confidence.I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as
a postdoc，and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion.Then ，in front of
everyone，the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments.I froze.As a
PhD student，I had achieved lots to be proud of.But all of those were in my home country of
Brazil.Now I was in Washington ， DC and I didn’t know what the word
“accomplishment”meant.So all I could say was “I don’t know”．
I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a
teaching position.I applied for and received a Brazilian government fellowship to spend 18 months
working abroad and got a position in a lab.It all seemed so easy—until I actually started.
In a new country，I struggled.After the mortifying lab meeting incident，my confidence took
another hit.The paper I intended to publish did not materialize.I used to be invited to give
talks.Now，I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent.My confidence was destroyed.
After months of self-doubt，I reminded myself that I had potential.I needed to do something
to regain my confidence.I thought a change of environment might be what I needed.So I made the
move.
In another new lab，I still felt insecure.However，I was determined to make the most of the
time I had.There were more opportunities to interact with others，which forced me to talk more.It
was awful at first，but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English.I proposed new
projects.I began to receive positive feedback on my presentations.
My confidence is back.I feel a little like Wonder Woman.She was a strong soldier in her
homeland.When she left，she experienced obstacles and failures only to become even stronger
than before.
1．What does the underlined word“It”in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．I didn’t give a proper response in a lab meeting.
B．The paper I intended to publish did not materialize.
C．I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent.
D．I reminded myself that I had potential.
2．What was the author’s reaction when asked about her previous achievements?
A．She felt insecure. B．She kept silent.
C．She was at a loss. D．She felt proud.
3．Why did the author go abroad?A．To apply for government fellowship.
B．To get a doctor’s degree.
C．To build her own lab.
D．To gain experience for a position.
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Lab Meeting Incident
B．I Found My Inside Wonder Woman
C．Brazilians’Confidence Improved
D．Poor English Ruined Opportunity
B
You improve your robot’s software by improving its software.Agrim Gupta of Stanford
University，however，begs to differ.He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by
improving its hardware.He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea.
They brought to their robots，unimals，the principles of evolution(进化) by natural
selection.Unimals，with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs，are software beings
interacting with a virtual environment.The environments where they wandered were in three
varieties: flat grounds，grounds with hills and steps，and ones that had the complexities of the
second sort，but with added objects.
To begin with，the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes，but with identical
software—derl.Newly-created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual boot camp.They
were then entered into tournaments in groups.Each group winner was awarded one mutation(变异)
—one extra arm or leg，or one extra turning in a joint.The new replaced the oldest unimal and then
was assigned to a new group，and the process repeated.About 4,000 varieties of them underwent
training.
The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.Crucially，though，the
researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors
had taken，and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful.
In this evolution of unimals’morphology(形态) to promote the ability to learn，Dr Gupta
sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect.In 1896 James Baldwin，a psychologist，
argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies.What Dr Gupta
has shown ， though in software ， is that the opposite can also be true—changes in body
morphology can improve the way minds work.Even though he held the software constant，it
became more efficient at learning as the unimals’bodies evolved.
Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be
seen.But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea.
5．How was the test conducted?
A．By promoting unimals’learning.B．By adjusting the environments.
C．By proving the evolution theory.
D．By stimulating unimals’mutation.
6．What turned out to be surprising in the test?
A．The number of trained unimals.
B．The decline in time for learning tasks.
C．The variety of evolved shapes.
D．The replacement of old unimals.
7．What can be concluded from the test?
A．Body changes better mind work.
B．Mind evolution affects body shaping.
C．Hardware changes do not impact software.
D．The discovery is useful in robot development.
8．What’s the author’s attitude to the finding?
A．Negative. B．Approving.
C．Indifferent. D．Objective.
C
People who regularly sleep for six hours or less each night in middle age are more likely to
develop dementia(痴呆) than those who routinely manage seven hours，according to a major study
into the disease.
Researchers found a 30% greater risk of dementia in those who during their 50s,60s and 70s
consistently had a short night’s sleep，regardless of other risk factors such as heart condition and
poor mental health.
Sabia，an author of the study at the university of Paris，and her colleagues analyzed survey
data from University College London’s Whitehall study，which launched in 1985 and followed
the health and lifestyles of more than 10,000 British volunteers.The French team focused on nearly
8,000 participants who self-reported their sleep patterns.
During 25 years of follow-up,521 participants developed dementia，with most diagnosed in
their late 70s.Writing in Nature Communications ，the scientists described how those who
routinely got six hours of sleep or less each night in their 50s and 60s were 30% more likely to
develop dementia than those who typically managed seven hours.
The study does not prove that sleeping too little causes dementia，since sleep loss itself may
be one of the earliest symptoms of the disease.But some scientists believe the results strengthen
evidence that continuous poor sleep may at least contribute to the disease.
The first pathological changes that lead to dementia occur one to two decades before the
disease becomes obvious，as sticky proteins called amyloid build up in the brain.When the 1985
Whitehall study first assessed the sleep of volunteers who later developed dementia，this processhad probably not started.This meant that if they were sleeping too little，it was unlikely to have
been caused by dementia-related brain changes.
“It strengthens the evidence that poor sleep in middle age could cause or worsen dementia in
later life，”said Dr.Liz Coulthard，a consultant senior lecturer in dementia neurology(神经病学)．
“It makes sense to take measures to improve sleep such as going outside during daylight hours to
help maintain the natural rhythms that promote good sleep ，avoiding too much alcohol or
caffeine，particularly before bed，and finding a bedtime routine that works for you.”
9．What risk factor for dementia does the passage focus on?
A．Sleep loss. B．Age.
C．Poor mental health. D．Heart condition.
10．How did French scientists get the research findings?
A．By making a comparison.
B．By monitoring sleep patterns.
C．By interviewing British volunteers.
D．By analyzing previous survey data.
11．In what tone do the scientists talk about the research?
A．Casual. B．Doubtful.
C．Negative. D．Cautious.
12．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To give examples.
B．To collect proofs.
C．To offer suggestions.
D．To present arguments.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·山东德州模拟)
It may come as a surprise that the fashion industry is one of the most polluting industries in the
world，especially when it comes to carbon emissions and water usage. 1 Clothing production
releases 10% of worldwide carbon emissions.Although cotton is often offered as a more sustainable
material，one cotton shirt requires 2,700 liters of water to make，which is enough for one person
to drink eight cups per day for 2.5 years.
2 However，it’s undeniable that sustainable companies like Reformation and
Organic Basics are out of most people’s price ranges.Fast-fashion clothing companies have the
advantage of low prices，and when it comes down to it，most people will choose low prices over
sustainability.So，how can people buy sustainable clothing when it’s not affordable？ 3
Actually，there are other ways to practice sustainable habits.Of course，the best way to limit
waste is to not buy any new clothes.For example，saving up to buy more sustainable clothes andthen wearing them for many years is healthier for the environment and your wallet. 4 Then you
can combine them with your statement pieces to get a variety of new outfits that still feel stylish
and don’t generate waste.Certainly，buying second-hand clothing is also a great option.
With ever-changing fashion trends moving at breakneck speed ， consumers are easily
persuaded into buying the latest designs to stay stylish and sustainable. 5 Honestly，it’s
unnecessary.Wearing what makes you feel confident will make you look good，and the Earth will
thank you for your efforts.
A．The reality is frightening.
B．However，trend is hard to keep up.
C．They have no choice but to follow suit.
D．They can’t，and moreover，they don’t have to.
E．A similar resolution is to own some basic pieces.
F．Sustainable fashion has been on the rise in recent years.
G．Industrial development is pursued at the price of pollution.
