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选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 People of Achievement
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A(★)
Across the world，young people are shaping the future in many fields.Their ideas are
transforming communities and society.Here’s a look at the achievements of four inspirational
young leaders.
Kwiri Yang
Kwiri is the founder and CEO of LifeGyde，an online platform for young people to seek
advice，guidance and support.She has an impressive track record of supporting individuals and
small businesses.
She first helped immigrant owners of small businesses in California.When she developed
anxiety and depression，Kwiri realized how many people，like her，were struggling with their
mental health—and LifeGyde was born.
Abi Ramanan
Abi is the co-founder and CEO of ImpactVision，a software platform that uses machine
learning to reduce food waste.
ImpactVision’s technology uses digital imaging to take a picture of food and analyze its
nutritional value and freshness.The system aims to reduce waste while also improving food
safety.As technology advances，the sensors it uses are reducing in size and price，and could soon
be integrated into everyday devices.
Oana Toiu
Oana is the founder and general manager of Social Innovation Solutions ，which offers
training and consultancy in social innovation.
She’s also on the Board of Directors of The Entrepreneurship Academy，where students
work in teams，learning about business by running real businesses under the guidance of a team
coach.
Doreen Kessy
Doreen is CEO of Ubongo，a multi-media educational platform in Africa.Using the power of
entertainment and mass media，the company provides educational material at low cost and high
volume.
Some 6.4 million households in 31 countries currently watch ， listen and learn from
Ubongo’s cartoons each week，with improved outcomes in maths and school readiness.
1．What is Kwiri Yang’s achievement?
A．She found a cure for mental diseases.B．She established a company on immigration.
C．She supported the young in their mental health.
D．She set up an online learning platform for kids.
2．Which field does Abi Ramanan’s platform mainly focus on?
A．Health care. B．Education. C．Technology. D．Food safety.
3．What do these four people share in common?
A．They are young，energetic and wealthy.
B．They create jobs for many young people.
C．They made contributions to communities.
D．They encouraged the young to do business.
B(★)
Well-known author and Henrico resident Meg Medina，who won the 2019 Newbery Medal，
today was named National Ambassador for Young People’s Literature for 2023－2024.Medina’s
most recent book，Merci Suárez Plays It Cool，was published in August 2022，concluding her
middle-school trilogy(三部曲)．Medina，who has also written picture books and fiction for older
teens，will travel throughout the USA，sharing her platform “Cuéntame！：Let’s Talk
Books”．
Medina will meet with children at every grade level for conversations about the books they
love to read，encouraging them to move beyond talking about a book’s title and basic plot points
to how it made them feel or how it’s similar—or dissimilar—to their own lives.
The ambassador program is mainly sponsored by the Library of Congress.Clay Smith ，
director of library initiatives for the Library of Congress，says ambassadors have to be able to
speak to others about reading and writing and to communicate with children in particular.That’s
where Medina shines，he says.“She knows how kids think and how they talk，” Smith
says.“She’s able to access what’s happening with kids today.”
Smith says that since the turn of the century，there’s been a surge in literature for
children，first at the high school level and then during the middle school readers.Additionally，
there’re also a larger diversity of authors writing for children，which leads to plotlines and
characters that more accurately reflect the country as a whole.“There’s been a push for
diversity，” Smith says.“The options should be out there for children to read stories about
people who look like them.”
Medina agrees children should be empowered to choose the books they want to read for
pleasure.She hopes the conversations she has with children about books create the same satisfaction
she felt as a child，while encouraging more discussion.
4．What are teens mainly expected to focus on during the talks about books?
A．The basic plot points of the books. B．Their opinions on the books’ titles.C．Their feelings about the books. D．The main contents of the books.
5．Why is Medina fit to be the ambassador according to Clay Smith?
A．She is able to relate to children. B．She is gifted at writing.
C．She takes good care of children. D．She knows a lot of authors.
6．What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Demand. B．Discovery. C．Decrease. D．Growth.
7．What might make the ambassador program possible?
A．Kids’ trouble in choosing books.
B．More diverse books for children.
C．Children’s demand for good books.
D．More impacts of reading on children.
C
In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars
on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has disabled people from the nightly
view.
New citizen-science-based research throws alarming light on the problem of “sky glow”—
the diffuse illumination(漫射照明) of the night sky that is a form of light pollution.The data came
from crowd-sourced observations collected from around the world as part of Globe at Night，a
program developed by astronomer Connie Walker.
Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and
wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved
alongside.Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.Until
relatively recently，humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky，
and the effect of this nightly spectacle(壮观景象) is evident in ancient cultures.
Globe at Night has been gathering data on star visibility since 2006.Anyone can submit
observations through the Globe at Night web application.Participants record which one best
matches what they can see in the sky without any telescopes or other instruments.
Researchers find that the loss of visible stars indicates an increase in sky brightness of 9.6%
per year while roughly 2% is measured by satellites.Existing satellites are not well suited to
measuring sky glow as it appears to humans，because they can not detect wavelengths shorter than
500 nanometers(纳米)．White LEDs，with shorter wavelengths under 500 nanometers，now are
increasingly commonly used in outdoor lighting.But human eyes are more sensitive to these shorter
wavelengths at nighttime.Space-based instruments do not measure light from windows，either.But
these sources are significant contributors to sky glow as seen from the ground.
“The increase in sky glow over the past decade underlines the importance of redoubling our
efforts and developing new strategies to protect dark skies，” said Walker.“The Globe at Night
dataset is necessary in our ongoing evaluation of changes in sky glow，and we encourage whoevercan to get involved to help protect the starry night sky.”
8．What is a purpose of Globe at Night?
A．To develop new light sources. B．To collect data on star visibility.
C．To help astronomers explore space. D．To popularize science among citizens.
9．What does the loss of visible stars lead to?
A．Poorer human health. B．Fewer wildlife species.
C．More delicate biological systems. D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky.
10．What does the author stress in paragraph 5?
A．Satellites play a vital role. B．White LEDs are widely used.
C．Crowd-sourced data are invaluable. D．Shorter wavelengths are hard to detect.
11．What can be inferred from Walker’s words?
A．Their consistent efforts pay off.
B．The dataset needs to be updated.
C．More participants are expected to join in.
D．The sky glow has been over-emphasized.
Ⅱ.七选五
The Importance of Inventions
They say necessity is the mother of invention，but invention drives the economy.The great
importance of invention is that it solves problems and changes the world. 1 And it goes beyond
culture.The modern era is arguably the greatest time in the history of the world for innovation，but
none of it would have happened without the invention of electricity supplied on demand.With that
one advancement ， in came the fastest-changing period in human history and the greatest
population growth，too.
2 Even things like the toilet and modern plumbing made it possible to improve hygiene
and reduce exposure to human waste，which in turn made cities cleaner and more desirable to live
in.The modern bathroom also helped reduce the spread of disease，which in turn helped extend the
average life expectancy. 3
People eat better，and more safely，because of innovations we now take for granted like the
refrigerator，the oven and running tap water.Daily life at work has transformed because heavy-
lifting jobs can be done by forklifts.In fact，technology is reaching a new height. 4 More
people than ever before need to sit for work，with office jobs and the like changing our fitness
level and lowering the risk of injury during a workday.
Even entertainment has changed because no longer do people have to make their own fun by
playing games. 5 How people communicate，work，eat，travel，shop is all subject to
innovation and invention.Advances don’t always improve life，though，as many people are
learning through the constant-access struggles of smartphones and ever-present noise pollution in
cities.A．Innovation shapes the way life is lived.
B．They can turn to their phone，TV or radio.
C．Factories are using robots for many tasks now.
D．They have affected the way we consume media.
E．Inventions influence all aspects of modern existence.
F．New technologies often simplify the average person’s life.
G．And that has led to the Earth’s population rising sharply in the last 150 years.
