专题08 简单句、句子成分和基本句型
目录
第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿
第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分
A 组·保分基础练
题型01 简单句、句子成分和基本句型综合练（单句语法填空）（原创&最新模拟）
题型02 简单句、句子成分和基本句型综合练（单项选择）（最新模拟&原创）
B 组·抢分能力练
题型03 重难创新练（语法填空）
第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法
【在语法填空中考查长难句】
1.
（2026·江西省多校联考高三联考）In their co-written book, The Untapped Self, Kite and Eden, aged
64 and 61 respectively, explain the philosophy behind Chinese acupuncture, introducing readers to 58
(concept) such as qi, Chinese pulse diagnosis (脉诊), and the network of acupuncture points. （40words）
【答案】concepts
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：在他们合著的《未被发掘的自我》一书中，64 岁的凯特和61 岁的伊登阐
释了中医针灸背后的理念，向读者介绍了气、中医脉诊和经络穴位等概念。concept 为可数名词，结合后文
“such as qi, Chinese pulse diagnosis and the network of acupuncture points”，表多个概念，应用复数形式
concepts。故填concepts。
2．
（2026·江西省多校联考高三联考）Years later, the two Britons sat side by side before an audience,
56 (launch) a new book on acupuncture that weaves ancient Chinese ideas of balance into stories for a modern
and 57 (anxiety) world. （35words）
【答案】launching；anxious
【解析】56．考查非谓语动词。句意：多年后，这两位英国人并肩坐在观众面前，推出了一本关于针灸的
新书，将中国古代的平衡理念融入故事中，面向现代这个充满焦虑的世界。此处为非谓语动词，the two
Britons 与launch 为主动关系，用现在分词launching 作状语。故填launching。
57．考查形容词。句意：多年后，这两位英国人并肩坐在观众面前，推出了一本关于针灸的新书，将中国
古代的平衡理念融入故事中，面向现代这个充满焦虑的世界。此处修饰名词world，用anxiety 的形容词形
式anxious，意为“充满焦虑的”。故填anxious。
3．
（2026·陕西省汉中市联考联评期中）Since China’s manned space program entered the phase of
space station application and 64 (develop), ground researchers have improved the variety, texture,
flavor, appearance and nutritional value of space food through technological innovation and process enhancements,
better 65 (meet) the dietary needs of astronauts.（44words）
【答案】development；meeting
【解析】64．考查名词。句意：自中国载人航天工程进入空间站应用与开发阶段以来，地面科研人员通过
技术创新和工艺改进，提升了太空食品的种类、质地、风味、外观和营养价值，更好地满足了宇航员的饮
食需求。作介词的宾语，用名词development。故填development。
65．考查非谓语动词。句意：自中国载人航天工程进入空间站应用与开发阶段以来，地面科研人员通过技
术创新和工艺改进，提升了太空食品的种类、质地、风味、外观和营养价值，更好地满足了宇航员的饮食
需求。此处meet 与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填meeting。
4．
（2026·陕西省汉中市联考联评期中）According to Liu Weibo, 58 is from the China
Astronaut Research and Training Center, the improvements include technologies for precise temperature control,
residue collection, high-temperature catalysis, 59 multi-layer filtration (过滤) enabling smoke-free
baking in orbit while meeting the space station’s oil fume emission standards. （45words）
【答案】who；and
【解析】58．考查定语从句。句意：中国航天员科研训练中心的刘伟波表示，这些改进包括精准控温、残
渣收集、高温催化和多层过滤等技术，可实现在轨无烟烘烤，同时满足空间站的油烟排放标准。非限制性
定语从句修饰先行词Liu Weibo，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。
59．考查连词。句意：中国航天员科研训练中心的刘伟波表示，这些改进包括精准控温、残渣收集、高温
催化和多层过滤等技术，可实现在轨无烟烘烤，同时满足空间站的油烟排放标准。结合前后文语境可知为
并列关系，用连词and。故填and。
5．（2026·陕西省汉中市联考联评期中）According to the center, so far the Shenzhou XXI mission 61
(expand) the food variety to over 190 items and extended the menu cycle to 10 days, allowing astronauts to cook
and bake ingredients such as fresh vegetables, nuts, cakes and meat while in orbit.
【答案】has expanded
【解析】考查时态。句意：据该中心介绍，截至目前，神舟二十一号任务已将食品种类增加到超过190 种，
并将菜单周期延长至10 天，使宇航员能够在轨道上烹饪和烘焙新鲜蔬菜、坚果、蛋糕和肉类等食材。根据
so far 可知为现在完成时，主语为the Shenzhou XXI mission，助动词用has。故填has expanded。
【在写作中考查高级句式】
1.（2026·福建省福州市四校联盟高三期中联考）We’ll depart from Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station on
October 1st at 8:00 a.m. on train G6, ________________________________, and arrive at Beijing South Railway
Station at noon. 我们将于10 月1 日上午8 点从上海虹桥火车站搭乘G6 次列车出发，预计全程约4.5 小时，
中午抵达北京南站。
2.
（2026·福建省福州市四校联盟高三期中联考）His mother gently touched his head and continued,
“You glued the vase carefully, ____________________________________ making things right.”母亲轻抚他的
头，继续说道：“你把花瓶粘得那么仔细，这说明你真心实意地想把事情做好。”
3.（2026·江西省多校联考高三联考）Students love spending time there during breaks, and many say
____________________________ and helped refresh themselves.学生们喜欢在课间休息时在那里消磨时间，
许多人表示这显著减轻了他们的压力，并帮助他们恢复精力。
4.（2026·江西省多校联考高三联考）For the first time in years, I felt genuinely relaxed and mentally nourished,
___________________________________ I had been desperately seeking.时隔多年，我终于第一次感到身心
放松、精神焕发，找到了苦苦追寻的完美避世之所与人生目标。
5.
（2026·陕西省汉中市联考联评期中）From that day on, they started volunteering at the station
together every weekend, ________________________more animals as a pair.从那天起，他们便开始每个周末
一起在车站做志愿者，知道这对搭档能帮助更多动物。
【答案】1.with an estimated travel time of about 4.5 hours 2.which shows you truly cared about 3.it has
significantly reduced their stress 4.finding the perfect escape and purpose 5.knowing they could help
【在阅读理解中考查长难句】
1.【文章原句】However, her persistence paid off when she encountered David Greybeard, a chimpanzee who
trusted her and led her to a fact that no one had ever discovered — chimpanzees were capable of making and using
tools.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含多个分句和修饰成分。when she encountered David Greybeard 是
时间状语从句，a chimpanzee 是David Greybeard 的同位语，其后是定语从句who trusted her and led her to a
fact……，fact 后是同位语从句 that no one had ever discovered — chimpanzees were capable of making and using
tools。
【翻译】然而，当她遇到戴维·格雷伯德时，她的坚持得到了回报。戴维是一只信任她的黑猩猩，他带她发
现了一个从未有人发现的事实——黑猩猩能够制造和使用工具。
2.【文章原句】As a secretary of state and national security adviser to Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford,
Henry Kissinger played the major behind-the-scenes role in building the architecture that enabled more manageable
relations with the Soviet Union, China, and major Arab nations.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句。As a secretary of state and national security adviser to Presidents Richard
Nixon and Gerald Ford 是介词短语作状语，that enabled more manageable relations with the Soviet Union, China,
and major Arab nations 是定语从句修饰先行词the architecture。
【翻译】作为理查德·尼克松和杰拉尔德·福特总统的国务卿和国家安全顾问，亨利·基辛格在幕后发挥了主要
作用，建立了与苏联、中国和主要阿拉伯国家可控关系的架构。
3.
【文章原句】Researchers, led by Ya-Yen Sun at the University of Queensland, in Australia, found that
between 2009 and 2020, global emissions (排放) from tourism grew by an average of 3.5% a year, double the rate of
emissions in general.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含多个分句和修饰成分。led by Ya-Yen Sun at the University of
Queensland 是过去分词短语作短语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，that 后是宾语从句，double the rate of
emissions in general 形容词短语作定语。
【翻译】澳大利亚昆士兰大学的孙亚燕领导的研究人员发现，2009 年至2020 年期间，全球旅游业的排放平
均每年增长3.5%，是总体排放率的两倍。
4.
【文章原句】His uncle Chen Xiaowang is now a world-renowned T'ai Chi master and his father Chen
Xiaoxing, a leading actor in the video that China submitted to the UNESCO when applying for the honor, also has
gained international fame.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个并列复合句。And 前后是两个并列分句，后面的分句中的 a leading actor 是
Chen Xiaoxing 的同位语，that China submitted to the UNESCO when applying for the honor 是定语从句修饰先行
词the video，when applying for the honor 是状语从句的省略。
【翻译】他的叔叔陈小旺如今已是享誉全球的太极大师，而其父陈小星——这位中国申报联合国教科文组织
奖项时提交的视频中领衔出演的演员——同样享誉国际。
5.
【文章原句】Research indicates that when people start a new project, they tend to focus on how much
time they have available to do it instead of how much time the task would take to complete.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含多个分句和修饰成分。that 后是宾语从句，when people start a
new project 是宾语从句中的时间状语从句，how much time they have available to do it 是宾语从句中的宾语从句，
instead of 前后是并列关系，how much time the task would take to complete 仍然是宾语从句。
【翻译】研究表明，当人们开始一个新项目时，他们倾向于关注他们有多少时间去做它，而不是任务需要多
少时间来完成。
01 简单句、句子成分和基本句型考点综合练（单句语法填空）
1.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三期中）【在语法填空中考查长难句中】At present, hanzi is the only ancient
writing system 65 use in the world. It is a bridge of communication between China and the world, a
carrier for recording and inheriting Chinese civilization, and a link in maintaining national unity and promoting
ethnic integration.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：如今，汉字是世界上唯一仍在使用的古老文字体系。in use 为固定搭配，表
“在使用中”，作writing system 的后置定语。故填in。
2.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三期中）【evolve---evolution 差距较大】Early Chinese characters originated from
pictorial symbols and then the 56 (evolve) of Chinese characters gradually began.
【答案】evolution
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国早期文字起源于象形符号，随后汉字的演变进程逐渐开启。根据空前的
“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应用名词作主语，evolve 的名词形式为evolution“演变”。故填evolution。
3.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三期中）【长难句】An exhibited bronze tablet in Chengdu museum 58
(carve) with 40 characters, which was made in 221 BC when he united China, documented Qin Shi Huang’s law to
standardize the nation’s weights and measures.
【答案】was carved
【解析】考查动词语态和时态。句意：成都博物馆展出的一块青铜碑刻有 40 个文字，制作于公元前 221
年秦始皇统一中国时，记载了秦始皇统一度量衡的法令。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语 “in 221 BC”，
描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；且主语“an exhibited bronze tablet”与 carve 为被动关系，主语为第
三人称单数，所以谓语动词为 was carved。故填 was carved。
4.（2026·安徽省江淮十校高三期中）【长难句】The handwritten pieces of literati (文人) , high 63
(official), and even emperors are passed down from generation to generation, 64 (reflect) the profound
respect for artistic expression and cultural heritage.
【答案】officials；reflecting
【解析】
63．考查名词。句意：文人、高官乃至帝王的手书作品代代相传，反映了人们对艺术表达与文化遗产的深
切尊崇。and 连接并列成分，前文的“literati”及后文的“emperors”均为复数形式，故official 需用复数
officials，表 “高官们”。故填officials。
64．考查非谓语动词。句意：文人、高官乃至帝王的手书作品代代相传，反映了人们对艺术表达与文化遗
产的深切尊崇。句子谓语动词为are passed down，空处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，动词reflect 的逻辑主语
为前面的主句“The handwritten pieces of literati, high _______
(official), and even emperors are passed down
from generation to generation”，二者之间构成主动关系，应用现在分词reflecting。故填reflecting。
5.（2026·东北三省精准教学联盟高三上学期10 月联考）【长难句】Under the slogan “Racing Toward a
Shared Intelligent Future”, the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games (WHRG), 56 (hold) from Aug 14 to
17 in Beijing, brought together around 280 teams from 16 countries to compete in 26 events.
【答案】held
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：以“迈向共享智能未来”为口号，2025 年世界人形机器人运动会于8 月
14 日至17 日在北京举行，吸引了来自16 个国家的约280 支队伍参与26 个项目的角逐。句中已有谓语
brought，此处为非谓语动词，the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games 与hold 为被动关系，用过去分词形式
held 作后置定语。故填held。
6.（2026·东北三省精准教学联盟高三上学期10 月联考）【长难句】According to the official WHRG website,
the four-day games drew moderate inspiration from human sports competitions, including track and field events
and gymnastics, to showcase the 57 (late) advancements in robot technology.
【答案】latest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：根据世界人形机器人运动会官方网站介绍，为期四天的赛事从人类体
育竞赛中汲取了一定灵感，包括田径和体操项目，以展示机器人技术的最新进展。此处修饰名词
advancements，结合句意以及定冠词“the”可知，表“最新的进展”，用late 的最高级形式latest。故填
latest。
7.（2026·东北三省精准教学联盟高三上学期10 月联考）【长难句】Beyond these human-inspired 59
(competition), the games also featured practical, skill-based challenges such as moving materials, sorting
medicines, and 60 (clean) in varied conditions, showing robots’ real-world applications.
【答案】competitions；cleaning
【解析】59．考查名词复数。句意：除了这些受人类启发的竞赛项目外，运动会还设置了实用的技能挑战，
如搬运物资、分拣药品和在不同条件下清洁等，展示了机器人的实际应用场景。competition 为可数名词，
结合前文“these”可知，此处应用复数形式competitions。故填competitions。
60．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了这些受人类启发的竞赛项目外，运动会还设置了实用的技能挑战，如搬
运物资、分拣药品和在不同条件下清洁等，展示了机器人的实际应用场景。此处与moving、sorting 并列，
位于such as 之后，用clean 的动名词形式cleaning。故填cleaning。
8.（2026·东北三省精准教学联盟高三上学期10 月联考）【长难句】The games proved popular on the
Internet, with the official topic gaining 150 million views on social media. One of the most exciting events was the
5v5 humanoid robot soccer match, 61 was entirely controlled by AI without any human intervention.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最令人兴奋的项目之一是5v5 人形机器人足球赛，该赛事完全由人工智能
控制，无需任何人类干预。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the 5v5 humanoid robot
soccer match，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
9.（2026·东北三省精准教学联盟高三上学期10 月联考）【长难句】Based on this feedback, the robots decide
on actions, automatically chase the ball, and perform defensive moves 65 blocking — all without
human input.
【答案】like
【解析】考查介词。句意：基于这些反馈，机器人自主决定动作，自动追球，并执行防守动作，比如拦截
——所有这些都无需人类输入指令。结合句意，此处举例说明“防守动作”的具体类型，用介词like，意
为“比如、像”。故填like。
10.（2026·东北三省精准教学联盟高三上学期10 月联考）【长难句】“When our robots play 63
(independent) on the field, they rely on an integrated system that includes observation, decision-making, and
motion control,” said Chen Penghui, leader of the Tsinghua team.
【答案】independently
【解析】考查副词。句意：“当我们的机器人在赛场上独立运作时，它们依赖一个集成系统，包括观察、
决策和运动控制，”清华大学队队长陈鹏辉说。此处修饰动词play，用independent 的副词形式
independently，意为“独立地”。故填independently。
02 简单句、句子成分和基本句型考点综合练 （长难句）
1.【文章原句】To bring these open-air art galleries to a wider audience, I wanted to create something that had not
been attempted before by using specialized photography techniques with my focus being on distribution, styles and
creative range.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句。To bring these open-air art galleries to a wider audience 是不定式短语作
定语，that had not been attempted before by using specialized photography techniques with my focus being on
distribution, styles and creative range.是定语从句修饰先行词something。
【翻译】为了让这些露天艺术画廊吸引更广泛的观众，我想尝试一些前所未有的东西，使用专业的摄影技术，
重点放在发行、风格和创意范围上。
2.【文章原句】Instead, by making abstract, complex ideas more concrete and accessible, thought experiments can
stimulate debate and lead to a more thorough understanding of the topic in question, allowing us to explore the outcome
of a given hypothesis which has real-life significance.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句。by making abstract, complex ideas more concrete and accessible 是方式
状语， allowing us to explore the outcome of a given hypothesis……作结果状语。which has real-life significance 是
定语从句修饰先行词 hypothesis。
【翻译】相反，通过使抽象、复杂的想法更具体、更易于理解，思想实验可以刺激辩论，并导致对所讨论的
话题有更彻底的理解，允许我们探索一个具有现实意义的假设的结果。
3.【文章原句】Another suggestion is that the cave was simply used as a book storehouse for documents which
accumulated over a century and a half, then sealed up when it became full.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句。that the cave was simply used as a book storehouse for documents……表
语从句。which accumulated over a century and a half 是定语从句。when it became full 是时间状语从句。
【翻译】另一个建议是，这个洞穴只是被用作一个文件仓库，这些文件在一个半世纪里不断积累，然后在它
满的时候被封住了。
4.【文章原句】What he said and did to help develop a sound and healthy US-China relationship should inspire all
those who are working for a better relationship between the two countries.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句。What he said and did to help develop a sound and healthy US-China
relationship 是主语从句，who are working for a better relationship between the two countries 是定语从句。
【翻译】他为发展中美健康关系所作的贡献，应当激励所有致力于推动两国关系改善的人士。
5.【文章原句】She graduated from Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went
on to study at the Technical University of Berlin, where she was the top in her class, outperforming her
future husband Qian Sanqiang — China's "father of the atomic bomb”.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含多个分句和修饰成分。并列连词"and"连接两个主要动作（毕业
和继续学习），where 引导的非限制性定语从句补充说明在柏林工业大学的情况，现在分词短
语"outperforming..."作为伴随状语，表示与主句动作同时发生的情况，最后用破折号引出同位语，对人物身份
进行补充说明。
【翻译】她于1936 年毕业于清华大学，获得物理学学位，随后进入柏林工业大学学习，在那里她是班上的
第一名，超过了她未来的丈夫钱三强——中国的“原子弹之父”。
6.【文章原句】When Areej El-Jawahri, a doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, signed the contract to
purchase the house specially designed to fit the needs of multigenerational (多代的) residents, she knew she wanted her
parents, who then lived in Michigan, to join her.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含多个分句和修饰成分。a doctor at Massachusetts General Hospital
in Boston 是Areej El-Jawahri 的同位语，When 引导的是一个时间状语从句，who then lived in Michigan 是非限制
性定语从句修饰her parents。
【翻译】当波士顿麻省总医院的医生阿丽吉·埃尔-贾瓦里签署购买这栋专为多代同堂家庭设计的房子合同时，
她就决定让当时住在密歇根州的父母一同入住。
7.【文章原句】Curry is a co-founder of Swords to Plowshares Northeast, the organization putting on this
event, which helps police departments manage their gun buyback programs and repurpose the items into
gardening tools.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句。主句是Curry is a co-founder of Swords to Plowshares Northeast，
the organization putting on this event 是Swords to Plowshares Northeast 的同位语，which helps police
departments manage their gun……是非限制性定语从句。
【翻译】库里是“东北犁头之剑”组织的联合创始人，该组织举办了这次活动，帮助警察部门管理他们的枪
支回购项目，并将这些物品重新用于园艺工具。
8.【文章原句】Some of my favourites were the Bow Bar, which is all made of wood and won a prize as the best
Drinker’s Pub in Britain a few years ago, and Greyfriars Bobby, which has lots of students and is great for meeting
people.
【句式分析】 这个句子是包含两个并列分句的复合句，通过连词 "and" 连接，which is all made of wood and
won a prize as the best Drinker’s Pub in Britain a few years ago 修饰the Bow Bar，which has lots of students and is
great for meeting people 修饰Greyfriars Bobby。
【翻译】我最喜欢的一些酒吧是弓吧，它是完全由木头制成的，几年前曾获得英国最佳饮酒者的奖，还有格
雷弗莱尔斯鲍比，那里有很多学生，是结识朋友的好地方。
9.【文章原句】A cherished childhood memory was receiving a motorbike for his 16th birthday, which he
rode to school once, impressing his classmates but not the headmaster who was stuck in the horse and buggy
days.
【句式分析】 这个句子是一个复合句，包含主句和多个修饰成分。以下是结构分析：A cherished childhood
memory was receiving a motorbike for his 16th birthday 是主句，which he rode to school once 是非限制性定语从
句，"impressing his classmates but not the headmaster"现在分词短语作结果状语，who was stuck in the horse
and buggy days 是非限制性定语从句中的定语从句。
【翻译】他16 岁生日时收到一辆摩托车，这成为他珍藏的童年回忆。他曾骑着它去上学，同学们都惊叹不
已，但那位思想还停留在马车时代的老校长却不以为然。
10.( 2022 新课标全国I 卷 ) Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to
complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous
class, lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.
【句式分析】主句是由but 连接的两个并列句Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must
be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from
the previous class/lecture/discussion，but 后的并列句中包含drawn directly from assigned readings or notes
过去分词短语作后置定语修饰short in-class writings or tests，so 引导结果状语从句。
【翻译】 课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些测试直接来
自于指定的阅读材料或上节课/讨论的笔记，所以在课堂上认真做笔记是很重要的。
Passage 1（简单句、句子成分和基本句型考点语篇练）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。（2026·山东省临
沂市高三期中）
The Bund lies along the Huangpu River, which is located in the Huangpu District, the center of Shanghai.
The Bund was an Anglo-Indian term that
1
(literal) means “a muddy embankment”.
2
the
opposite side of the Huangpu River, stand a few Shanghai landmarks like Shanghai Tower, Shanghai World
Financial Centre, Oriental Pearl TV Tower and Jinmao Tower, which are among those most famous buildings in
China. It is
3
must-see place during your visit to Shanghai.
The Bund, with a total
4
(long) of 1.5 kilometers, starts from Yan’ an East Road in the south, and
reaches the Waibaidu Bridge on the Suzhou River in the north, the Huangpu River in the east
5
the
financial and foreign trade institutions in the west.
There are 52 buildings with different styles
6
(stand) on the Bund, which
7
(call) the
exotic building complex in the Bund of Shanghai. At the Bund, you can see the architectures of the Gothic,
Romanesque, Baroque, Chinese and western styles,
8
make up the financial center of old Shanghai and a
concentration zone of foreign trade agencies.
Due to its unique
9
(geography) location and its influence in the areas of economic activity in
Shanghai and China over the past century, the Bund has a very rich cultural connotation. The street view is the most
characteristic landscape. Whenever night falls, the floodlit buildings along the Bund, like a crystal palace, never fail
to make both local and overseas visitors
10
(amaze).
【答案】
1．literally 2．On 3．a 4．length 5．and 6．standing 7．are called 8．which
9．geographical 10．amazed
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了上海外滩的地理位置、历史背景、建筑风格以及文化内涵。
1．考查副词。句意：外滩是一个英印词汇，字面意思是“泥泞的堤岸”。提示词修饰动词means，用副词
literally 作状语，意为“字面上地”。故填literally。
2．考查介词。句意：在黄浦江的另一边，矗立着上海的一些地标性建筑，如上海中心大厦、上海环球金
融中心、东方明珠电视塔和金茂大厦，这些是中国最著名的建筑。on the opposite side of...是固定短语，意
为“在……的另一边”；句首单词首字母大写。故填On。
3．考查冠词。句意：这是你去上海旅游时必去的地方。place 是可数名词单数，在句中表示“一个必去的
地方”，泛指，且must-see 发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a 修饰。故填a。
4．考查名词。句意：外滩全长1.5 公里，南起延安东路，北至苏州河外白渡桥，东临黄浦江，西临金融外
贸机构。提示词作介词with 的宾语，用名词length，意为“长度”，a total length of...是固定短语，意为
“总长度为……”。故填length。
5．考查连词。句意：外滩全长1.5 公里，南起延安东路，北至苏州河外白渡桥，东临黄浦江，西临金融外
贸机构。根据句意，“the Huangpu River in the east”和“the financial and foreign trade institutions in the west”
是并列关系，用并列连词and 连接。故填and。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：外滩矗立着52 栋不同风格的建筑，被称为上海外滩的异国建筑群。“(stand)
on the Bund”作后置定语修饰名词buildings，stand(矗立)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语buildings 之间是主动
关系，用现在分词表主动。故填standing。
7．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：外滩矗立着52 栋不同风格的建筑，被称为上海外滩的异国建筑群。
call(称为)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语which(指代先行词buildings)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，用
一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are called。
8．考查定语从句。句意：在外滩，你可以看到哥特式、罗马式、巴洛克式、中式和西式建筑，它们构成
了旧上海的金融中心和外贸机构集聚区。“ 8 make up the financial center of old Shanghai and a
concentration zone of foreign trade agencies”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the architectures，指物，关系
词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which 引导该从句。故填which。
9．考查形容词。句意：由于其独特的地理位置及其在过去一个世纪里对上海和中国经济活动领域的影响，
外滩具有非常丰富的文化内涵。提示词修饰名词location，用形容词geographical 作定语，意为“地理的”。
故填geographical。
10．考查形容词。句意：每当夜幕降临，外滩被泛光灯照亮的建筑，就像一座水晶宫，总是让本地和海外
的游客惊叹不已。提示词作宾语both local and overseas visitors 的补足语，用形容词amazed，意为“感到惊
叹的”。故填amazed。
Passage 2（简单句、句子成分和基本句型考点语篇练）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·江苏省淮
阴中学高三期中调研测试）
What is it like to open a bookstore in a lively food market? Outside, the air
1
with the inviting
smell of fresh produce; inside, people of all ages gather together,
2
(absorb) in the delightful fragrance
(芳香) of books.
Currently, bookstores located within markets are springing up across China, from Wenzhou to Hangzhou, to
Chengdu and Kunming,
3
(win) the hearts of keen readers. This unique pairing not only
4
(satisfy) physical appetites but also feeds the soul.
Most of the books sold in these stores focus on food, ingredients, and recipes.
5
(embrace) the
spirit of her hometown further, Pan Xiaoyue, a Wenzhou native, has placed a special “Wenzhou Cuisine” bookshelf
in her store. It serves
6
a window into the region’s rich culinary heritage.
Beyond books, her bookstore hosts events centered around food culture — such as “open kitchen”
gatherings,
7
strangers cook together using fresh produce sourced
8
(direct) from the market
outside. She also launches book-produce exchange events. Fresh produce can be traded for a book sample while
secondhand books can be exchanged for vegetables,
9
innovative initiative that blurs (模糊) the lines
between food for the body and food for the mind.
For pioneers like Pan, books and cabbages can share the same shopping bags, and poetry can mix with the
calls of vendors (摊贩). Reading becomes both a part of daily life
10
the ingredients for meals.
【答案】
1．is filled 2．absorbed 3．winning 4．satisfies 5．To embrace 6．as 7．where
8．directly 9．an 10．and
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国各地，如温州、杭州、成都和昆明等地，市场内开设
的书店正逐渐兴起，这些书店不仅售卖与食物、食材和食谱相关的书籍，还举办与饮食文化相关的活动，
为读者提供了一个独特的阅读和文化体验空间。
1．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在外面，空气中弥漫着新鲜农产品诱人的香味；在里面，各个年龄
段的人们聚集在一起，沉浸在书香中。fill(充满)是谓语动词，与主语the air 之间是被动关系，描述客观事
实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is filled。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：在外面，空气中弥漫着新鲜农产品诱人的香味；在里面，各个年龄段的人们
聚集在一起，沉浸在书香中。“(absorb) in the delightful fragrance (芳香) of books”作伴随状语，absorb(使全
神贯注，使专心)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语people 之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填
absorbed。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，从温州到杭州，再到成都和昆明，中国各地市场内的书店如雨后春笋
般涌现，赢得了广大热心读者的心。“(win) the hearts of keen readers”作伴随状语，win(赢得)用谓语形式，
与其逻辑主语bookstores 之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填winning。
4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这种独特的搭配不仅满足了人们的口腹之欲，也滋养了心灵。satisfy(满
足)是并列谓语动词，与主语This unique pairing 之间是主动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，主语
是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填satisfies。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了进一步感受家乡的精神，温州人潘晓月(音译)在她的店里放置了一个特别
的“温州菜”书架。“(embrace) the spirit of her hometown further”作目的状语，用不定式形式表目的；句首
单词首字母大写。故填To embrace。
6．考查介词。句意：它作为了解该地区丰富烹饪遗产的窗口。serve as 是固定短语，意为“充当，担任”。
故填as。
7．考查定语从句。句意：除了书籍，她的书店还举办以饮食文化为中心的活动，比如“开放式厨房”聚
会，陌生人一起用直接从外面市场采购的新鲜食材烹饪。“ 7 strangers cook together using fresh produce
sourced...”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词gatherings，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，用
关系副词where 引导该从句。故填where。
8．考查副词。句意：除了书籍，她的书店还举办以饮食文化为中心的活动，比如“开放式厨房”聚会，
陌生人一起用直接从外面市场采购的新鲜食材烹饪。提示词修饰动词sourced，用副词directly 作状语，意
为“直接地”。故填directly。
9．考查冠词。句意：新鲜农产品可以换取书籍样本，而二手书可以换取蔬菜，这一创新举措模糊了身体
食物和精神食物之间的界限。initiative(倡议)是可数名词单数，在句中表示“一种创新举措”，泛指，且
innovative 发音以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an 修饰。故填an。
10．考查连词。句意：阅读既是日常生活的一部分，也是烹饪的原料。both...and...是复合连词，意为
“既……又……”，连接并列成分。故填and。
Passage 3（简单句、句子成分和基本句型考点语篇练）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·广东省华
南师范大学附属中学高三综合测试（一））
When the opening whistle blew at the Zhenjiang Sports and Exhibition on May 10,
1
(mark) the
start of the Jiangsu Football City League, few expected that this provincial amateur league ( 业余联赛) would
become China’s newest sports hit.
One of the reasons for the league’s rapid rise is its focus on mass
2
(participate). Among
3
total of 516 players, over 65 percent come from various walks of life. This is a new model of grassroots soccer
4
brings the game closer to the general public.
Since the beginning of the league, slogans such as “match comes first, friendship fourteenth”
5
(become) popular online, highlighting the rivalries among the 13 cities in Jiangsu. Unlike regions dominated by a
single provincial capital, Jiangsu features many midsize cities such as Suzhou and Wuxi, each with a booming
economy and unique culture. Since all 13 cities rank among China’s top 100 by GDP, they create
6
locals
refer to as the “thirteen brothers” rivalry. “We are 13 siblings who compete fiercely
7
share the same
blood,” a soccer fan from Nanjing told Xinhua.
The league’s popularity also lies in its lively cultural vibe. Teams are named after local favorites: Wuxi is
known for honey peaches, and Nanjing for its tasty
8
(boil) salted duck. “The success of the league
demonstrates that
9
focusing on local culture, enhancing public participation and providing high-quality
competitions, soccer at the community level can
10
(true) succeed,” soccer commentator Xu Yifan told
the Global Times.
【答案】
1．marking 2．participation 3．a 4．that/which 5．have become 6．what 7．but
8．boiled 9．by 10．truly
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了江苏省足球城市联赛的迅速崛起及其背后的原因。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：5 月10 日，镇江体育会展中心开赛哨声响起，标志着江苏省足球城市联赛拉
开帷幕，很少有人会想到这场省级业余联赛会成为中国最新的体育热点。本句已有谓语动词blew，所以空
处需用非谓语动词；空处需用mark“标志着”的现在分词marking，作状语，表示自然而然地结果。故填
marking。
2．考查名词。句意：联赛迅速崛起的原因之一是它注重大众参与。本空作介词on 的宾语，用participate
的名词participation“参加”。故填participation。
3．考查冠词。句意：在总共516 名球员中，超过65%的球员来自各行各业。a total of“总共”，固定短语，
所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这是一种新的基层足球模式，使这项运动更贴近大众。空处引导定语从句，先
行词是a new model of grassroots soccer，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代
词that/which 引导定语从句。故填that/which。
5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：联赛开赛以来，“比赛第一，友谊第十四”等口号在网上走红，凸显了
江苏13 个城市之间的竞争。根据时间状语Since the beginning of the league 可知，时态用现在完成时，主语
是复数slogans，助动词需用have。故填have become。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：由于所有13 个城市的GDP 均位居中国前100 名，他们创造了当地人所说的“十
三兄弟”竞争。空处引导宾语从句，refer to 后缺少宾语，表示具体的内容，用连接代词what 引导。故填
what。
7．考查连词。句意：“我们是13 个竞争激烈但同血同源的兄弟姐妹，”一位来自南京的足球迷告诉新华
社。根据空前“compete fiercely”和空后“share the same blood”可知，空处需用连词but，表示转折关系。
故填but。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：无锡以蜜桃闻名，南京以美味的盐水鸭闻名。本句已有谓语动词is known，空
处需用非谓语动词；空处动词boil“煮”与名词duck 之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词boiled，作定
语，修饰名词duck。故填boiled。
9．考查介词。句意：足球评论员徐一凡告诉《环球时报》：“联赛的成功表明，通过关注当地文化、提
高公众参与度和提供高质量的比赛，社区足球才能真正取得成功。”此处表示“通过”，用介词by。故填
by。
10．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词succeed，需用副词truly“真正地”，作状语。故填truly。
单句语法填空和阅读长难句
【在语法填空中考查长难句中】
1. (2025 全国一卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic
placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,
sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所
蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。the balance
between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following
each move 三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
2.（2024 全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-
Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in
1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作
主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
3. (2024 新课标II 卷) Recalling watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai
and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,
Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language
__
see how Tang’s play was being
performed.”
【答案】and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前
来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson 说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧
是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being
performed”为并列结构，用and 连接。故填and。
4.（2023·新高考全国I 卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese
street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，
是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故
填tasty。
5.（2023·新高考全国I 卷）Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food
historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河
小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home 前面作定语，recognize 与home 是逻辑上动宾关系，需填
过去分词recognized 作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
6.（2023·新高考全国II 卷）Since June 2017, right before the ___36___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___37___
(confidence) speaking English.
【答案】arrival；confident
【解析】36.考查名词。句意：从2017 年6 月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我
一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，
所以空处应填名词作介词before 的宾语，arrive 的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
37.考查形容词。句意：从2017 年6 月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在
帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable 并列，
作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence 的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
7.（2023·全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home
to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully
____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
【答案】to；built
【解析】41.考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000 多年的辉煌
历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist
temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000 多年辉煌历史的家
园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表
示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
8（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with
historical buildings of the past.
【答案】which/that；wonders
【解析】43.考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21
世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句
中担当主语，所以用关系代词which 或that 引导。故填which/that。
44.考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21 世纪的建筑
奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the
past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
9.（2023·全国乙卷）The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】remarkable；means
【解析】49.考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意
味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50 年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为
形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
50.考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有
新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50 年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本
句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
10.（2022 新课标I 卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is
designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,
preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, _________ leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】 and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样
性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用
and。故填and。
【在阅读理解中考查长难句中】
1.（2025 全国I 卷·阅读A）原句：This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy
the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable
Energy Laboratory.
译文：这场能源变革是全球性的，美国国家可再生能源实验室的机械工程师基思・威普克表示，世界所需
“
”
的可再生能源数量
有点令人惊叹
分析：“This energy transition... is global”
“
主系表；and”
“
连接并列句，the amount of... need”
“
中
the world
will need”
“
定语从句修饰
renewable energy”
“
；says...”
“
是倒装，正常语序
mechanical engineer... says” 。
2.（2025 全国I 卷·阅读A）原句：As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems
with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
译文：当世界竞相实现全面脱碳时，交通领域面临特殊挑战——它占人类能源相关温室气体排放量的约四
分之一。
分析： "it faces particular problems with transportation"是主句， "As the world races to decarbonize
everything"是时间状语从句， "which accounts for...emissions"是非限制性定语从句。
3.（2025 全国I 卷·阅读B）原句：In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town,
a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her
parents rejected the love of her young life.
译文：去年在我九年级的写作课上，我 “遇见” 了拯救小镇的牛仔、要求儿子门门功课得 A 的严厉父
亲，以及父母拒绝其初恋后心碎而逝的现代版朱丽叶。
分析：主句：I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.（主谓宾结构，宾语为三个并列的人物形
象）；介词短语作状语：In my ninth-grade writing class last year（时间和地点）。
定语从句（who 引导）：分别修饰三个宾语，如 who saved his town 修饰 cowboy，who demanded his son
earn straight A’s 修饰 father，who died of heartbreak... 修饰 Juliet。
时间状语从句：after her parents rejected the love of her young life（位于最后一个定语从句中，说明 Juliet
心碎的原因）。
4.（2025 全国I 卷·阅读B）原句：When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of
messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to
teach us what it means to be human.
译文：当六月的下课铃响起时，我带走了一本纪念册，里面满是关于写作最强大意义的留言 —— 即连接
人与人的能力、让我们换位思考的能力，以及教会我们 “生而为人” 意义的能力。
分析：主句：I walked away with a yearbook.（主谓宾结构，with 短语作伴随状语）。
修饰成分：时间状语从句：When the final bell rang in June（说明主句动作发生的时间）。
形容词短语作定语：full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance（修饰 yearbook）。
破折号解释说明：the ability...to be human 是对 significance 的具体解释，包含三个并列的不定式短语（to
connect.../to put.../to teach...）。
宾语从句：what it means to be human（作 teach 的宾语，说明 “教会” 的内容）。
5. （2025 全国I 卷· 阅读C ）原句：Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to
Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
译文：最著名的是，一位在 20 世纪 50 年代初举家搬到曼哈顿的加拿大记者发起了一场运动，旨在阻止
当地公园被破坏。
句子结构分析：
主句：a Canadian journalist led a campaign.（主谓宾结构）
修饰成分：
副词作状语：Most famously（修饰整个句子，表程度）。
定语从句：who had moved her family to Manhattan...（由 who 引导，修饰 “journalist”，时态为过去
完成时，说明搬家动作先于 “led a campaign”）。
介词短语作定语：in the early 1950s（修饰从句中的谓语 “had moved”）。
不定式短语作目的状语：to stop the destruction of her local park（说明 “campaign” 的目的）。
6.（2025 全国I 卷·阅读D）原句：In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology
Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools —
could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
译文：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟
—— 冷却后过滤 —— 至少可去除其中 80% 的微塑料。
句子结构分析：
主句：researchers from China found that...（主谓宾结构，that 引导宾语从句）。
修饰成分：
介词短语作状语：In a study published...（表地点和时间，published Wednesday 为过去分词作定语修饰
study）。
宾语从句核心结构：boiling tap water...could remove...microplastics（动名词短语作主语，破折号间的内容为
插入语，after it cools 为时间状语从句）。
7.（2025 全国I 卷·阅读D）原句：“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the
boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in
Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
译文：“他们展示微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被截留的方式很出色，” 未参与该研究的苏格兰格拉斯哥大
学环境工程师卡罗琳
高绍特
・
- 林赛告诉《新科学家》。
句子结构分析：
“
直接引语里，The way”
“
（方式）是主语，they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the
boiling process”
“
为定语从句修饰
way”
“
，其中
how...”
“
是宾语从句，且
were trapped”
为被动语态；主
“
句中
Caroline GauchotteLindsay”
“
是主语，an environmental engineer...who was not involved in the research”
“
是同位语，who”
“
引导定语从句修饰
engineer”
“
，tells”
“
为谓语，New Scientist” 是宾语。
8.（2025 全国II 卷·阅读D）【原句】Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa, where the
phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner
time.
【译文】或许这种感觉源于在南非的成长经历，在那里，“非洲有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时
的祈祷，不如说是对现实的不安提醒。
【分析】主句：Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa（主谓宾结构，from 后接动名词短
语作宾语）。
定语从句：where the phrase...at dinner time（where 指代 South Africa，从句中包含比较结构 “more A than
B”，A 为 “an uncomfortable reminder of fact”，B 为 “a prayer at dinner time”）。
9.（2025 全国II 卷·阅读D）【原句】A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant
generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue, and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or
recycled.
【译文】食品浪费联盟的一项研究表明，普通餐厅每获得 1000 美元收入就会产生 33 磅食物浪费，而其
中只有 15.7% 的浪费被捐赠或回收。
【分析】
主句：A study determined...（主谓结构，by the Food Waste Alliance 为定语）。
宾语从句：that the average restaurant generates...in revenue（that 引导宾语从句，for every $1,000 为条件状
语）。
并列句：and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled（and 连接并列句，of that waste 为范围状语，主
语 15.7%，谓语 is donated or recycled）。
10.（2025 全国II 卷·阅读7 选5）【原句】You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping
others, but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
【译文】你可能知道帮助别人带来的“感觉良好”的情绪，但志愿服务对整个家庭的积极影响还有更多意
想不到的方式。
【分析】主句是but 连接的并列句。that come with helping others 是前分句中的定语从句，volunteering will
positively affect the whole family 是后分句的定语从句。
