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专题23形容词副词1(知识清单)(教师版)_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2026年_2026年高考英语一轮复习知识清单(全国通用)-G56_2026版

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专题23 形容词副词1
目录
01 知识脑图·学科框架速建
02 考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】形容词句法功能
【知能解读02】副词句法功能
【知能解读03】反身代词用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】合成形容词
【重难点突破02】名词+后缀变形容词
【重难点突破03】动词+后缀变形容词
【重难点突破04】形容词+后缀变副词
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】容易混淆形容词
【易混易错02】易混形容词副词
【易混易错03】两种形式的副词
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展01】副词的种类
【用法拓展02】形容词化的分词
01 形容词句法功能
1.形容词作表语
形容词放在连系词(be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,grow,keep,appear,turn,seem 等)之后作表
语,表示主语的性质、特点等。
He got angry when he heard the news.
听到这个消息,他生气了。
Her advice proved helpful in the end.
她的建议最终证明是有用的。
易错提醒:某些以a- 开头的形容词常作表语:
alone 单独的;asleep 睡着的;afraid 害怕的;awake 醒着的;aware 有意识的;ashamed 羞愧的;
alive 活着的。
2.形容词作定语
形容词放在名词之前作前置定语或复合不定代词之后作后置定语。
If you live a healthy life,your memory will work better.
如果你过着健康的生活,你的记忆力会更好。
There is nothing important in today’s newspaper.
今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容。
易错题型:多个形容词修饰同一名词的排列顺序
限定词—描绘性—大小长短高矮—新旧—颜色—国籍—材料—用途
记忆口诀:县(限)--官(观)-行(形)- 令(龄)-宴(颜)-国--才(材)
限定词 + 大小 + 形状 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 名词
a small round red Chinese wooden table 一张红色的中国小圆形木桌
限定词 + 数量 + 新旧 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 用途 + 名词
three old brown French military cars 三辆棕色的法国旧军用车
物主代词 + 大小 + 年龄 + 颜色 + 材料 + 名词
her large new black leather bag 她的那个黑色大新皮包
指示代词 + 长短 + 形状 + 国籍 + 名词
this long square American building 这栋美国的方形长建筑
3.形容词作状语
形容词位于句首或句末作状语,常用逗号与其他部分隔开,表示原因、伴随或结果等。
She was lying in bed,wide awake.(表伴随)
她在床上躺着,十分清醒。
Hungry and tired,I have to stop to have a rest.(原因状语)
又饿又累,我不得不停下来休息。
We arrived home very late, safe and sound.(表结果) 
我们很晚才到家,安然无恙。
4.形容词作补足语
在“with+名词+形容词”构成的复合结构或keep、find、make 等动词接形容词作宾语补足语(被动
语态被称为主语补足语)说明宾语的性质、状态 、特征等。
They keep the classroom clean every day.
他们每天保持教室干净。
They walked along the street with their hands full of shopping bags.
他们沿街走着,手里满是购物袋。
02 副词句法功能
1.副词作状语
副词在句中主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子等。
He spoke too loudly in the library. 他在图书馆里说话太大声。
Fortunately, we caught the last bus.幸运的是,我们赶上了末班车。
2.副词作定语
副词作定语时通常后置,修饰名词,多表示时间、地点等。
The people here are very kind. 这里的人们很友善。
The rooms upstairs need cleaning.楼上的房间需要打扫。
3.副词作表语
on, over, up, down, away 等少数副词(主要是表示地点或状态的副词)可位于系动词后作表语,说明
主语的位置或状态。
His favorite TV show is on tonight. 他最爱的电视节目今晚播出。
The old man was alone in the house. 那位老人独自一人在家。
4.副词作宾语补足语
副词作宾语补足语时,补充说明宾语的位置、状态或动作趋向,使句子意义更完整。
He left the lights on when he left. 他离开时让灯亮着。
We found the cat upstairs in the bedroom. 我们发现猫在楼上卧室里。
【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出下列高考真题划线合成形容词的汉语。
1. He had an          (amaze) look on his face when seeing the breathtaking scenery in the countryside. 
1. amazed
解析:考查形容词。句意:当看到乡村令人惊叹的景色时,他脸上露出了惊讶的表情。空处修饰名词 
look,应用形容词;amaze 的形容词形式有amazing,表“令人惊讶的”和amazed,表“感到惊讶的”,此
处描述人“感到惊讶的”表情,应用amazed。故填amazed。
2. So           (impress) is the scenery of Jiuzhaigou that it has left a lasting impression on visitors from home 
and abroad. 
2. impressive
解析:考查形容词。句意:九寨沟的景色令人印象深刻,给国内外游客留下了持久的印象。此处为
“so+形容词+that...”句型的倒装形式,即“so+形容词+be+主语+that...”,空处需用形容词作表语,描述主
语the scenery of Jiuzhaigou,impress 为动词,意为“给……留下深刻印象”,其形容词形式是impressive,
意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。
3. I was asked to introduce myself in English, but I was too nervous to speak, which made me quite   
 
(embarrass). 
3. embarrassed
解析:考查形容词。句意:我被要求用英语介绍自己,但我太紧张了,说不出话来,这让我很尴尬。空处
需用形容词作宾语补足语,构成“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,此处表示“使感到尴尬的”,需用-ed
形容词embarrassed,表示人的感受。故填embarrassed。
4. He lowered his head and found that there was nothing left on the carpet,          (astonish) and embarrassed. 
4. astonished
解析:考查形容词。句意:他低下头,发现地毯上什么都没有了,既惊讶又尴尬。空处与形容词
embarrassed 并列,作伴随状语,描述主语He 的感受,应用描述人心理状态的-ed 形式的形容词
astonished,表示“感到惊讶的”。故填astonished。
5.          (delight) to know that you will visit us next month, I can’t wait to extend my warm welcome. 
5. Delighted
解析:考查形容词。句意:得知你下个月要来看我们,我很高兴,迫不及待地想向你表示热烈的欢迎。设
空处应填形容词作状语,表示主语“I”的状态,应填v-ed 形式的形容词delighted,位于句首,首字母需大
写。故填Delighted。
01 合成形容词
1.形容词/副词+现在分词
easy-going 
随和的
good-looking 相貌好看的
hard-working 勤劳的
long-standing 长期存在的
far-reaching
深远的
long-lasting
耐用的
long-standing 由来已久的
never-ending
没完没了的
smooth-talking 花言巧语的
well-meaning 好心好意的
2.副词+过去分词
low-paid 
低工资的
well-known 
众所周知的,著名的
poorly-written 写得很差的
good-tempered 脾气好的
grey-haired
头发灰白的
hand-picked
精选的
3.名词+现在分词
time-consuming 耗时的
labor-saving 
节省劳力的
record-breaking 创纪录的
labor-saving
节省劳动力的
man-eating
吃人的
mouth-watering 令人垂涎的
4.名词+过去分词
heart-broken 极其伤心的
hand-held 
便携式的
hand-picked
精选的
home-made
家里制作的
left-handed
惯用左手的
mass-produced 批量生产的
middle-aged
中年的
right-angled
直角的
5.形容词/数词+名词
full-time 
全职的
white-collar 
白领阶层的
first-rate 
一流的
high-speed 
高速
five-year
五年期的
second-hand
二手的
6.形容词/数词+名词+ ed
absent-minded 心不在焉的
kind-hearted 仁慈的
four-legged 
四条腿的
white-haired
白发的
7.数词+名词+形容词
five-year-old 五岁大的
three-meter-long 三米长的
8.其他合成形容词
built-in 
内置的
grown-up 
成人的,成熟的
face-to-face 
面对面的
heart-to-heart 坦诚的,推心置腹的
life-and-death 生死攸关的
up-to-date 
最新的,新式的
down-to-earth 切合实际的
wait-and-see 观望的
02 名词+后缀变形容词
1. 名词+y
anger →angry 生气的 
hunger→hungry 饿的
ice→icyy  
结冰的
fur→furry  
 毛皮的
guilt →guilty 内疚的 
health→healthy 健康的
易错题型:sunny 晴朗的 muddy 泥泞的 foggy 有雾的 
2.名词+ ed
balance→balanced     平衡的 
spot → spotted   有斑点的
gift →gifted          有天赋的 
talent→talented  有天赋的
crowd→ crowded      拥挤的
3.名词+ ful/less
meaning→meaningful  有意义的 
colour→colourful  五彩缤纷的 
pain →painful        痛苦的
beauty →beautiful  美丽的 
wonder →wonderful   极好的
fear→ fearless     不怕的
4.名词+ able
fashion→ fashionable
时尚的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
profit→ profitable
有利可图的
reason→reasonable 合理的 
 
易错提醒:knowledge→knowledgeable 博学的
5.名词+ ous
courage→courageous  勇敢的 
danger→dangerous  危险的
mystery →mysterious  神秘的 
fame →famous     著名的
poison→poisonous    有毒的 
humor→humorous   幽默地
6. -ce 变成-t 结尾的形容词 
innocence →innocent   无辜的 
evidence →evident  显然的
ignorance→ ignorant 无知的 
patience→patient    有耐心的
7. -al 结尾的形容词
addition→additional   附加的
class→classical     经典的
medicine →medical    医学的 
music→musical  
 音乐的
grammar→grammatical 语法的
globe→global       全球的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的 
culture→cultural     文化的
8.-ly 结尾的形容词
friend→friendly      友好的 
love→lovely        可爱的 
day →daily         每日的
month →monthly    每月的
9.-en 结尾的形容词
wood→wooden    
木制的 
wool→woolen      羊毛的
gold →golden     
金子般的
10. 学科名词加cal 变成形容词
chemistry →chemical   化学的 
physics →physical   身体的
politics →political      政治的 
ecology→ ecological 生态的
11.-cial 结尾的形容词 
race→ racial            种族的 
face→ facial        面部的
commerce →commercial  商业的 
finance →financial   金融的
benefit →beneficial
  有益处的
11.其他名词变形容词
energy→energetic  
精力充沛的 
strategy→strategic     战略的
self→selfish          自私的 
wisdom→wise        明智的 
height →high         高的 
science→scientific  
科学的
03 动词+后缀变形容词
1.动词+-ful 结尾
thank → thankful   
感激的
forget → forgetful  健忘的
regret→regretful 
后悔的
cheer→cheerful 
快乐的
2.动词+-ed 结尾
please → pleased        高兴的 
unite → united     联合的
excite → excited         激动的 
surprise → surprised 惊讶的
organize → organized    有组织的 
close → closed     封闭的
3.动词+-ing 结尾
interest → interesting   有趣的  
surprise → surprising 令人惊讶
excite → exciting      令人兴奋的 
develop → developing 发展中的
4.动词+-ble 结尾
know → knowledgeable 博学的 
adjust → adjustable   可调整的
accept→acceptable     可接受的 
respect→respectable  体面的
易错提醒:change →changeable 易变的noticeable 显而易见的
5.动词+-ive 结尾
create→creative 有创造力的
impress→impressive 令人印象深刻的
explode→explosive 易爆的
protect→protective 保护的
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. It was my father who taught me how to face difficult and          (challenge) situations in the future. 
1. challenging
解析:考查形容词。句意:是父亲教我如何面对未来的困难和具有挑战性的局面。根据空后的名词
situations 可知,此处需用形容词与difficult 并列作定语,challenge 为动词或名词,作动词时意为“挑战”,
作名词时意为“挑战”,其形容词形式是challenging,意为“具有挑战性的”。故填challenging。
2. It is true that the dog is the most useful and          (faith) animal in the world. 
2. faithful
解析:考查形容词。句意:的确,狗是世界上最有用且最忠诚的动物。本空与useful 并列,修饰名词
animal,作前置定语,用形容词faithful“忠诚的”。故填faithful。
3. The hurricane caused             (destroy) damage to the coastal towns, leaving thousands homeless. 
3. destructive
解析:考查形容词。句意:飓风对沿海城镇造成了破坏性破坏,使数千人无家可归。空格处修饰名词
damage,需用形容词形式。destroy 的形容词为destructive,意为“破坏性的”。故填destructive。
4. The         (origin) version of this story was much longer than the one we read today. 
4. original
解析:考查形容词。句意:这个故事的原始版本比我们今天所读的版本要长得多。修饰名词version 用形容
词original,作定语。故填original。
5. Some straw even can be made into beautiful and eye-catching          (function) artworks by craftsmen. 
5. functional
解析:考查形容词。句意:一些稻草甚至可以由工匠制作成美观且吸引人的实用艺术品。设空处作定语修
饰名词artworks,要用形容词。function 的形容词直接在词尾加-al,故填functional。
04 形容词+后缀变副词
1.一般形容词直接加-ly
careful→carefully 小心地
beautiful→beautifully(美丽地
strong→strongly 强烈地
exact→exactly 精确地 
2.以-y 结尾的形容词变y 为i 加-ly
happy→happily 快乐地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
angry→angrily 生气地
busy→busily 忙碌地
易错提醒:shy→shyly 害羞地
3.以-ic 结尾的词形容词加-ally
basic→basically 基本上
tragic→tragically 悲剧性地
scientific→scientifically 科学上
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 热情地
易错提醒:public-publicly
4.以-ll 结尾形容词只须加- y
full→fully 充分地  
dull→dully 枯燥地
5.以-ing 结尾形容词直接加-ly
amazing→ amazingly 令人惊叹地
interesting→ interestingly 有趣地
surprising→ surprisingly 令人惊讶地
increasing→ increasingly 令人惊讶地
6.以-ed 结尾形容词直接加-ly
excited→ excitedly 兴奋地
repeated→repeatedly 反复地 
hurried→ hurriedly 匆忙地   
admit→admittedly 无可否认地
7.以-le 结尾的形容词去e 加-ly
gentle→gently 温和地
simple→simply 仅仅;简直
possible→possibly 可能地
comfortable→ comfortably 舒适地 
易错提醒:whole-wholly 全部地
8.以-e 结尾的形容词直接加-ly
definite→definitely 明确地
extreme→extremely 极其
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
complete→completely 完全地
accurate→accurately 准确地
appropriate→appropriately 适当地
deliberate→deliberately 故意地
desperate→desperately 绝望地
易错提醒:true-truly 真实地
【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出下列高考真题划线合成形容词的汉语。
1.(2025 全国一卷)…it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our 
energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
2.(2025 全国一卷) In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, strict father 
who demanded his son earn straight A’s…
3.(2025 全国一卷)As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of 
their choice.
4.(2025 全国一卷)For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing 
workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis.
5.(2025 全国一卷)Go is one of the earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games.
6.(2025 全国一卷) “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” 
says Tu.
7.(2025 全国一卷) “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal.” explains Wang Wei, a Go player 
among the visitors to the exhibition. 
8.(2025 全国一卷)Fishermen go out to sea daily and sell their fish in harbor-side markets.
9.(2025 全国二卷) “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says.
10.(2025 全国二卷)You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others, but there are even 
more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
11.(2025 全国二卷)Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to exercise seven years ago after 
having a wake-up call.
12.(2025 全国二卷)The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no reason others 
can’t look this good.
13.(2025 全国二卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang…where bamboo and tea bushes ( 灌木) grow 
wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range…
14.(2024 新课标I 卷)These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching 
features.
15.(2024 新课标I 卷)In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up 
a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.
16.(2024 新课标II 卷)He ran a six-month training project.
17.(2024 新课标II 卷)Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest 
path. 
18.(2024 新课标II 卷) “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can 
get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost…
19.(2024 新课标II 卷)It cuts the farm-to-table distance.
20.(2024 新课标II 卷)It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
【参考答案】
1.energy-related 与能源相关的
2.ninth-grade 九年级的
3.health-related 与健康相关的
4.personal-narrative 个人叙事的;creative-writing 创意写作的
5.binary-based 基于二元的
6.cutting-edge 前沿的;
7.long-term 长期的
8.harbor-side 港口边的
9.plant-rich 植物丰富的
10.feel-good 令人愉悦的
11. 65-year-old65 岁的
12. well-liked 深受喜爱的
13.free-range 散养的
14.eye-catching 引人注目的
15.two-volume 两卷的
16.six-month 六个月的
17.well-surfaced 路面良好的
18.one-minute 一分钟的;three-minute 三分钟的;five-minute 五分钟的
19.farm-to-table 从农场到餐桌的
20.down-to-earth 脚踏实地的;务实的
01 容易混淆形容词
1.respectful/ respectable/respective
respectful: adj 尊敬的
respectable: adj 值得尊敬的
respective: adj.各自的
We should be respectful to the old.我们应该对老人持尊敬态度。
Yuan Longping is a respectable scientist. He has devoted all  his life to rice research.
袁隆平是一位值得尊敬的科学家,他毕生致力于水稻研究。
Parents should respect their children's respective interests.
父母应该尊重孩子们各自的兴趣。
2.alone/ lonely
alone: adv 独自,单独
lonely:adj 寂寞的,孤独的
She lives alone but she doesn't feel lonely.她一个人住,但是她并不觉得孤单。
For your safety, you'd better not go out alone at night. 为了你的安全起见,夜晚你最好不要单独出门。
The homeless cat is very lonely. 这个流浪猫非常的孤独。
3.different/ indifferent
different: adj,不同的,有区别的
indifferent: adj.漠不关心的
People usually have different opinions with a problem.
对于一个问题,人们通常会持不同的意见。
We shouldn't be indifferent with environment and energy problems.
我们不应该对环境和能源问题漠不关心。
4.confident/confidential
confident: adj 自信的,有信心的
confidential: adj.机密的,保密的
Raise your head! Be confident!抬起头,自信点!
These files are highly confidential,so we must keep them well.这些文件都是高级机密,所以我们务必要保
存好。
5. sensitive/ sensible
sensitive: adj.敏感的
sensible: adj.明智的,理智的
Anna is sensitive about her weight.安娜很介意别人说她的体重。
In spring, taking an umbrella with you is sensible.在春天,随身携带一把雨伞是明智的。
6.dead/ deadly/dying
dead: adj.死的,失去生命的
deadly: adj.致命的,致死的
dying: adj. 垂死的
The mother is sad for her dead child.妈妈为她死去的孩子感到伤心。
It's known that Aids and some kinds of cancer are deadly diseases.
众所周知,艾滋病和一些癌症是致命的疾病。
The plant is dying because it hasn’t been watered for weeks.这株植物因几周没浇水而濒临枯死。
7.lively/ alive/living 
lively: adj.活泼的,有活力,生动的
alive: adj.活着的,有活力的,作表语,后置定语或宾补
living: adj.活着的,有生命的,作表语、定语
I love my math teacher because her classes are always lively.我喜欢数学老师,因为她的课堂一直都很生
动。
He is the only man alive in the car accident.他是车祸中唯一活着的人。
Yang Zhenlin is one of the greatest living scientists.杨振宁是仍然还健在的最伟大的科学家之一。
8.asleep/ sleepy
asleep: adj.睡着的
sleepy: adj.瞌睡的,昏昏欲睡的
The boy was asleep in the English class.上英语课的时候,这个男孩睡着了。
The boy was so sleepy that  he can hardly open his eyes.男孩非常困,眼睛都要睁不开了。
9.considerate/considerable
considerate: adj.考虑周到的,体贴的
considerable: adj.相当多的
We shouldn't be selfish all the time. Sometimes we have to be considerate.
我们不能一直自私,有时我们要考虑到他人。
Studying abroad have cost her parents a considerable amount of money and time.
出国留学花费了她父母相当多的时间和金钱。
10.economic/ economical
economic: adj.经济的
economical: adj.节约的,实惠的,经济适用的
Some people hold that the  electric vehicles are more economical.一些人认为电动汽车更加经济实惠。
Some travelers to the red-eye flights because they are economical.一些游客会选择红眼航班,因为更实惠。
02 易混形容词副词
1.so/such
so: adv 如此;太 (修饰形容词、副词或动词)
such: adj 这样的,如此的 (修饰名词)
The task was so difficult that nobody finished it on time.这项任务太难了,没人按时完成。
They told such an interesting story that we all laughed.他们讲了一个如此有趣的故事,我们都笑了。
2.good/well 
good: adj 好的,好样的 (作定语或表语)
well: adv 好的 (修饰动词、形容词作状语)
She is a good singer and performs on stage every week.她是个优秀的歌手,每周都在舞台上表演。
He listens well in class and always gets high grades.他上课认真听讲,总是取得高分。
3.many/much
many: adj 很多的,许多的(修饰复数名词)
much: adj 很多的,许多的(修饰不可数名词)
There are many birds singing loudly in the ancient forest.古老的森林里有许多鸟儿在高声歌唱。
I don’t have much money left after paying the bills.付完账单后,我剩下的钱不多了。
4.few/little 
few: adj 一些;少的(修饰复数名词)
little: adj 一些;少的(修饰不可数名词)
Few people understand the complicated theory without training.未经训练,很少有人能理解这个复杂的理论。
There is little water in the bottle; we need to buy some.瓶子里几乎没有水了,我们得买些水。
03 两种形式的副词
1.deep/deeply
deep: 在深处,深深地(本义,不带感情色彩)
deeply:深深地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
They sat and talked deep into the night. 他们坐着谈话,一直谈到深夜。
He was deeply wounded by his son's comments.他被他儿子的评论深深地刺伤了。
2.high/highly
high:高高地(本义,不带感情色彩)
highly: 高度地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
An eagle circled high overhead. 一只鹰在头顶上空盘旋。
Daphne thought highly of the school. 达夫妮对那所学校评价很高。
3.close/closely
close: 在深处,深深地(本义,不带感情色彩)
 
closely: 密切地;仔细地(引申义,带有感情色彩)
They sat close together . 他们紧挨着坐在一起。
I sat and watched everyone very closely. 我坐着仔细观察每一个人。
4.wide/widely
wide: 大地;宽地
widely: 广泛地
He stood with his legs wide apart . 他站在那里,两腿叉开。
The idea is now widely accepted.这个思想现在已普遍接受。 
5.late/lately
late: 迟地,晚地
lately: 最近;近来
The birthday card arrived three days late. 生日贺卡晚到了三天。 
I haven't been sleeping well lately. 我最近一直睡不好觉。 
6.hard/hardly
hard: 努力地;用功地 
hardly:几乎不
Don't hit it so hard! 别这么用力打!
I can hardly keep my eyes open. 我困得都快睁不开眼了。 
7.most/mostly
most: 最多,最
 
mostly: 大部分地;主要地
He runs most quickly among all the athletes.
在所有运动员中,他跑得最快。
The project is mostly finished, just some details left.
项目大部分已完成,只剩一些细节。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Nothing can be more fascinating than a smile, which can produce hope in even ________ situations.
A. objective
B. subjective
C. optimistic
D. desperate
1. D
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:没有什么比微笑更能吸引人的了,微笑甚至能在最绝望的情况下带来
希望。A. objective 客观的;B. subjective 主观的;C. optimistic 乐观的;D. desperate 绝望的。根据句意,特
别是在“产生希望”这一表述的上下文中,可以推断微笑具有在看似无望的情境中激发希望的力量。
“desperate”能准确表达微笑在极端负面环境中的作用,与“产生希望”形成强烈对比。故选D。
2. In today’s fast changing and competitive world, to be able to learn faster and more effectively is not merely 
desirable; it is ________.
A. essential
B. worthwhile
C. challenging
D. sufficient
2. A
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在当今瞬息万变、竞争激烈的世界里,能够更快、更有效地学习不仅
是可取的;更是至关重要的。A. essential 必不可少的、极其重要的;B. worthwhile 值得的;C. challenging
有挑战性的;D. sufficient 足够的。根据句意可知,根据“In today’s fast changing and competitive world”可
知,在瞬息万变、竞争激烈的世界里能够快速、高效学习是很重要的;此处为形容词essential“必不可少的、
极其重要的”,满足句意要求。故选A 项。
3. She proved to be very ________ when she found creative solutions to the project’s challenges.
A. resourceful
B. substantial
C. passive
D. ethnic
3. A
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当她为项目挑战找到创造性的解决方案时,她证明了自己非常足智多
谋。A. resourceful 足智多谋的;B. substantial 大量的;C. passive 被动的;D. ethnic 种族的。结合“when 
she found creative solutions to the project’s challenges” 可知,空格处应表达“ 足智多谋的” ,故用
resourceful,作表语。故选A。
4. As far as I’m concerned, you should tell the truth to Jane; I believe she is ________ enough to understand you.
A. upset
B. innocent
C. mature
D. ambitious
4. C
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在我看来,你应该对简说实话;我相信她足够成熟,能够理解你。A. 
upset 不安的;B. innocent 清白无罪的;C. mature 成熟的;D. ambitious 有野心的。由“understand you”可知,
句子表示“她足够成熟,能够理解你”,空格处意为“成熟的”,故选C。
5. Local governments have introduced a(n)   recycling program that has significantly reduced waste in the 
community within six months.
A. attractive
B. fascinating
C. effective
D. convenient
5. C
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:地方政府推出了一项有效的回收计划,该计划在六个月内显著减少了
社区内的垃圾。A. attractiv 吸引人的;B. fascinating 迷人的,引人入胜的;C. effectiv 有效的;D. 
convenient 方便的。根据下文“has significantly reduced waste in the community within six months.”可知,地
方政府推出了一项有效的回收计划。故选C。
01 副词的种类
类别
功能
典型例子
说明
时间副词
表示动作发生的时间
now 现在yesterday 昨天already 已经
可放句首、句中或句尾
地点副词
表示动作发生的地点
here 这里home 回家abroad 在国外
多放句尾
方式副词
表示动作的方式
quickly 快速地地carefully 仔细地
多由形容词+ ly 构成
程度副词
表示动作/状态程度
very 非常quite 相当hardly 几乎不
修饰形容词/副词/动词
频度副词
表示动作发生的频率
always 总是sometimes 有时never 从不
be 动词后、实义动词前
疑问副词
用于提问
how 如何when 何时where 何地why 为何
引导特殊疑问句
连接副词
连接句子 / 从句
however 然而therefore 因此besides 此外
起过渡或逻辑连接作用
情态副词
表示推测或态度
maybe 也许certainly 当然probably 可能
多修饰整个句子
She will call you tomorrow morning. (时间副词)
她明天早上会给你打电话。
I looked everywhere but couldn’t find my keys. (地点副词)
我到处找,但没找到钥匙。
She spoke slowly so everyone could understand. (方式副词)
她放慢语速,好让大家都能听懂。
This problem is extremely difficult for beginners. (程度副词)
这个问题对初学者来说极其困难。
He seldom watches TV because he’s busy studying. (频度副词)
他很少看电视,因为忙着学习。
How can we solve this problem? (疑问副词)
我们该如何解决这个问题?
She was ill; therefore, she couldn’t attend the party. (连接副词)
她生病了,因此没能参加聚会。
Luckily, no one was injured in the accident. (情态)
幸运的是,事故中无人受伤。
02 形容词化的分词
英语中由现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)演变而来的形容词,容易混淆。
1.-ing 形容词表示“令人……”,如interesting adj.令人有趣的;表示“正在……”speeding adj.正在加速
的;表示“即将……”,如retiring adj.即将退休。
His amusing jokes made the whole room laugh.
他那些逗趣的笑话让满屋子人都笑了。
Police caught the escaping thief in the alley.
警察在小巷里抓住了那个正在逃跑的小偷。
2.-ed 形容词表示“感到……”,如interested adj.感到有趣的;表示“已经……”,如retired adj.已经退休
的;表示“受到/被……”,wounded adj.受伤的。
The disappointed fans left the stadium early.
那些感到失望的球迷早早离开了体育场。
We visited a deserted village with broken old houses.
我们参观了一个已经废弃、满是破屋的村庄。
The damaged bridge will be repaired next month.
那座受损的桥梁将于下月修复。
【跟踪训练】用括号中所给词的正确形容词形式填空(-ed 或-ing)
1.The __________ (disappoint) look on his face showed he didn't get the gift he wanted.
2.After hours of solving math problems, the students felt completely __________ (exhaust).
3.We need to help the __________ (wound) animals in the earthquake area immediately.
4.The __________ (terrify) horror movie kept me awake all night.
5.As a __________ (retire) principal, Mr. Brown now enjoys gardening.
6.The __________ (confuse) instructions made everyone do the experiment wrong.
7.She was __________ (amaze) by the __________ (breathe take) view of the mountains.
8.The __________ (frighten) child hid behind the door during the thunderstorm.
9.Climate change is an __________ (alarm) problem that requires action.
10.The __________ (retire) director will give his farewell speech next Monday.
【参考答案】
1.disappointed 2.exhausted 3.wounded 4.terrifying 5.retired 6.confusing 7.amazed, breathtaking 8.frightened 
9.alarming 10.retiring 
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 新课标I 卷)In cold weather, the structure stays    59    (close) to protect the plants.
1. closed
解析:考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays
之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
2.(2022 浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that 
of sighted people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
2.existing
解析:考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有
的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing 作定语,修饰sense。故填existing。
3. (2022 浙江卷)Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of 
____________ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
3. sighted
解析:考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有
的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted 作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、
不盲的”。故填sighted。
4. (2022 新课标I 卷)Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____________  
(astonish).
4. astonished
解析:考查形容词。句意:很奇怪,不是吗?但大自然就是这样 —— 总是让我们惊叹不已。此处说明
“us”的状态,所以用astonished。
5.(2021 新课标II 卷)I was so ____________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure 
that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
5. excited
解析:考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was 之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用
形容词副词(1)综合能力提
升
v+ed 形式的形容词,所以填excited。
6. (2025 全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___________ 
(strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, 
sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
6. strategic
解析:考查形容词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所
蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词
placement,需用形容词strategic“战略性的,策略的”,作定语。故填strategic。
7. (2025 全国二卷)Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 
where bamboo and tea bushes ( 灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 
___________ (center) heating doesn’t exist. 
7. central
解析:考查形容词。句意:然而现在,我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村,在那里山上野
生竹子和茶树丛生,鸡总是自由放养的,而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词
central“中央的,中心的”,作定语。故填central。
8. (2025 北京卷)Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s    11     (peace), 
especially around sunset.
8. peaceful
解析:考查形容词。句意:这里很宁静,尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语,“peace”的形容词
形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。
9. (2024 新课标I 卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective    57  
(function)  structure that is also beautiful.
9. functional
解析:考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词
structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
10. (2023 新课标I 卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling 
wrappers, encasing hot,   36     (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street 
food.
10.tasty
解析:考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是
我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填
tasty。
11.(2023 新课标II 卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao 
Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and    37    (confidence) 
speaking English.
11.confident。
解析:考查形容词。句意:从2017 年6 月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直
在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable 并列,
作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence 的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
12.(2023 全国甲卷)   
 
 67   
 
  (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation 
instead of a moral.
12.Different
解析:考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from
与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
13.(2023 全国乙卷)The    69    (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect 
the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could 
be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
13.remarkable
解析:考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着
这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50 年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容
词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
14.(2023 浙江1 月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by           (space) homes and walled 
gardens.
14. spacious
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填
形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
15.(2022 新课标II 卷)On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his 
father. They both fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV.
15. asleep
解析:考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作
表语。sleep 为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep 为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep
符合句意。故填asleep。
16.(2022 全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ____________ (meaning). The two 
of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 
16. meaningful
解析:考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make 复合结构,应用形容词
meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
17.(2021 新课标II 卷)I told him how ____________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him 
to consider using more eco-friendly options.
17. harmful
解析:考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how 引导
的感叹句,how 之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
18. (2021 全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 
watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____________ (day) routines.
18. daily 
解析:句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地
人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines 应用day 的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
19.(2021 全国乙卷)·Provide ____________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. 
19. financial 
解析:句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid 可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名
词aid,finance 的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
20.(2020 新课标卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, ____________ (wealth) people travelled and collected 
plants, historical objects and works of art.
20. wealthy
解析:考查形容词。句意:在18 和19 世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词
people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
21.(2020 全国I 卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ____________ice and other treasures it 
contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
21. much
解析:考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中国决定它未
来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice 是不可数名词,应使用much 修饰,故填much。
22.(2020 全国II 卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ____________ (beauty) long branches covered 
with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
22. beautiful
解析:考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用
形容词形式。故填beautiful。
23.(2020 北京卷)Oliver says if you're____________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys 
cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.
23. lucky
解析:考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be 动词,所以
空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
二、单句填空 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025 全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic 
placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, 
sculptures,     65       (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
1. digitally
解析:考查副词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴
含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词
generated,需用副词digitally“数字地”,作状语。故填digitally。
2.(2024 九省联考卷)Today, a writer          (simple) throws an empty pen away and gets a new one.
2.simply
解析:考查副词。句意:今天,一个作家只是把一支空笔扔掉,再买一支新的。空格处作状语修饰动词
throws,应用副词形式。故填simply。
3.(2023 浙江1 月卷)The term “hutong”,           (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared 
first during the Yuan Dynasty. 
3. originally
解析:考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词
meaning 需要填副词形式。故填originally。
4.(2022 新课标I 卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and 
homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 
4. eventually
解析:考查副词。句意:GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually 作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填
eventually。
5.(2022 新课标II 卷)When he looked down, he ____________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
5. accidentally
解析:考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处
应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental 为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意
为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
6.(2021 新课标I 卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 
____________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
6. undoubtedly
解析:考查副词。句意:山脚下的温泉是你登山后必须尝试的体验,它无疑能让你重新焕发活力!修饰动
词help,用副词形式。
7.(2021 北京卷)Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____________ (safe) wait for 
the police to take her home. 
7. safely
解析:考查副词。句意:山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰
动词wait 用副词作状语,故填safely。
8.(2021 浙江1 月卷)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries 
had narrowed ____________ (sharp).
8.sharply
解析:考查副词。句意:但 30 年后,许多国家城乡居民的 BMI(身体质量指数)差异已大幅缩小。空处
修饰谓语动词had narrowed,应用副词sharply。
9.(2020 全国III 卷)As the small boat moved ____________ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by 
the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
9. gently 
解析:句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved 应用
副词gently 作状语,表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
10.(2023 新课标II 卷)So, what are they learning?   43    (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
10.Basically
解析:考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应
该用副词修饰,basic 的副词形式是basically 位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
11.(2023 新课标I 卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is           (rare) enough, yet two seems 
greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
11.rarely
解析:考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次
再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
12.(2021 天津卷)As working from home becomes ____________(increasing) common, people are finding it 
easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
12. increasingly
解析:考查副词。句意:随着在家工作变得越来越普遍,人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越
容易。increasingly 越来越多地,渐增地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a 
full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易,是因为在家工作变得越来越普
遍,increasingly 符合语境。
13.(2020 全国I 卷)Landing on the moon’s far side is ____________ (extreme) challenging.
13. extremely
解析:句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,应使用extreme 的副词形
式,故填extremely。
14.(2020 全国II 卷)Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their 
homes and office. ____________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
14. Certainly
解析:考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语,因此只有
改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
15. (2022 浙江1 月卷)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ____________(rough) 200 
academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two 
years ago. 
15. roughly 
解析:考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200 个
学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
三、形容词副词与语法填空 
(25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业)在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(黑体词为本单元重
点词汇)。
Dear Ben,
I have known what happened to you from your letter. Your best friend told everyone else your complaints 
about your teammate’s bad     1     (perform), which made you     2     (embarrass) and ashamed. You are 
totally      3     a mess now. Here is     4     you should do.
Firstly, apologise to your teammate. You need to work together     5     (win) more basketball games, 
which means clear communication and conflicts resolution. So tell him     6     (direct) and honestly that you 
were talking without thinking.
Secondly, talk to your friend. Tell him you’re angry with him for     7     (repeat) what you said, but that 
you value your friendship and want to move on. Dealt with in this way, your friendship will soon     8 
 
(repair).
Thirdly, and most importantly, think about your own behaviour. Don’t say too much when you are angry. 
9     (fill) with anger, you may say whatever comes to your mind. You can raise your concerns with your coach if 
a member is not pulling     10     (he) weight. Always remember: think first, speak later. 
【答案】
1. performances    2. embarrassed    3. in    4. what    5. to win    6. directly    7. repeating    8. be repaired    9. 
Filled    10. his
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了Agony Aunt 给Ben 回信,就他因抱怨队友被朋友宣扬出去
而陷入困境一事给出建议。
1. 考查名词。句意:你最好的朋友把你对队友糟糕表现的抱怨告诉了其他人,这让你感到尴尬和羞愧。根
据空前“your teammate’s bad”可知,空处需用名词performance“表现”,作介词的宾语,且此处需要复
数形式表示泛指。故填performances。
2. 考查形容词。句意:你最好的朋友把你对队友糟糕表现的抱怨告诉了其他人,这让你感到尴尬和羞愧。
根据空前“made you”可知,空处需用形容词embarrassed“尴尬的”作宾语补足语,表示人的感受。故填
embarrassed。
3. 考查介词。句意:你现在完全一团糟。in a mess 是固定短语,意为“一团糟”,符合语境。故填in。
4. 考查名词性从句。句意:以下是你应该做的。空处需用连接词引导名词性从句,从句谓语动词do 缺少
宾语,表示具体的内容,所以空处需用连接代词what 引导。故填what。
5. 考查动词不定式。句意:你们需要共同努力赢得更多的篮球比赛,这意味着清晰的沟通和冲突的解决。
根据“work together”和“more basketball games”可知,共同努力的目的是赢得更多的比赛,所以空处需
用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to win。
6. 考查副词。句意:所以直接诚实地告诉他,你说话没有经过思考。根据空后“and honestly”可知,空处
需用副词directly“直接地”作状语,修饰动词tell。故填directly。
7. 考查动名词。句意:告诉他你因为他重复你说的话而生他的气,但你很珍惜你们的友谊,想继续下去。
根据空前介词for 可知,空处需用动名词repeating 作宾语。故填repeating。
8. 考查被动语态。句意:用这种方式处理,你们的友谊很快就会修复。根据空前“will soon”可知,空处
需用动词原形;根据句意可知,repair 和主语your friendship 之间是被动关系,所以空处需用被动语态be 
repaired。故填be repaired。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意:当你充满愤怒时,你可能会说出任何你想说的话。本句已有谓语动词may 
say,且没有连词,所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语,be filled with“充满”,所以去掉be 动词,剩下过去
分词作状语。句首首字母需大写。故填Filled。
10. 考查代词。句意:如果一个成员没有尽到自己的责任,你可以向教练提出你的担忧。根据空前“a 
member”可知,空处需用形容词性物主代词his 指代a member’s,修饰后面的名词。故填his。