专题08同义替换词汇→（阅卷偏爱·换词表）（专项训练）（教师版）_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2027年高考英语一轮更新中_2027年高考英语一轮复习讲义+练习+课件（新教材新高考）-G55

专题08 同义替换词汇 → 【 阅卷偏爱·换词表】（专项训
练）
目  录
单词·拼写演练...............................................................................................................................................................1
基础·阅读演练...............................................................................................................................................................4
拔高·阅读演练.............................................................................................................................................................26
真题·阅读演练.............................................................................................................................................................48
 单词·拼写演练
题目 01：写出单词 beneficial 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：有益的；有好处的，形容词，作文高级替换基础词 good，固定搭配 be beneficial to（对…… 
有益）。
题目 02：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：提升；促进（动词，高级替换 improve）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：promote，动词，常用搭配 promote development（促进发展），议论文高频书面词汇。
题目 03：写出单词 tackle 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：妥善处理；攻克，动词，替换基础词 solve，专门用于指代解决棘手、难度大的难题。
题目 04：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：显著地（副词，修饰数据、变化）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：significantly，副词，对应形容词 significant（重大的），阅读细节题同义替换核心考点词。
题目 05：写出单词 abundant 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：大量的；丰富的，形容词，替换基础词 many，多用于修饰资源、机会、时间等抽象名词。
题目 06：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：不可或缺的（形容词，高分替换 important）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：indispensable，书面高级形容词，强调人或事物无可替代，适合议论文结尾升华使用。
题目 07：写出单词 consequently 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：因此；结果，因果逻辑衔接副词，替换口语连词 so，常置于句首引导结果句。
题目 08：根据汉语释义写出英文短语：应对；处理（高级短语，替换 deal with）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：cope with，侧重从容应对困境、突发问题，完形填空近义词辨析高频考点。
题目 09：写出单词 nevertheless 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：然而；尽管如此，转折类书面衔接词，语气强度高于普通 however，提升作文档次。
题目 10：根据汉语释义写出英文短语：此外；而且（递进衔接短语）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：furthermore，多用于句首补充分层观点，替换基础词汇 also，议论文分层论证专用。
题目 11：写出单词 collaborate 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：合作，动词，替换基础词 cooperate，校园团队、社会实践类完形阅读高频词。
题目 12：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：保护；维护（正式动词，替换 protect）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：safeguard，多用于搭配权益、生态、安全，环保、社会话题阅读同义替换核心词。
题目 13：写出单词 sustainable 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：可持续的，形容词，科技环保类语篇核心词汇，新高考阅读 B 篇常考。
题目 14：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：缓解；减轻（动词，搭配压力、伤痛）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：relieve，固定搭配 relieve pressure（缓解压力），读后续写心理、情绪描写专用词。
题目 15：写出单词 tedious 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：枯燥繁琐的，形容词，替换基础词 boring，侧重形容冗长乏味的任务、工作。
题目 16：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：多样的；多元的（高级形容词，替换 different）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：diverse，修饰文化、活动、人群，校园、社会生活话题写作高频提分词。
题目 17：写出单词 precisely 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：准确地；确切地，副词，替换基础词 exactly，阅读细节选项中频繁出现。
题目 18：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：致力于；奉献（动词）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：dedicate，固定搭配 dedicate oneself to doing sth.（全身心投入做某事），书面高级动词。
题目 19：写出单词 prevalent 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：普遍盛行的，形容词，替换基础词 common，用于描述社会风气、生活潮流。
题目 20：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：可行的；可实施的（形容词）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：feasible，常修饰 plan、scheme、solution，议论文对策段落核心词汇。
题目 21：写出单词 astonishing 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：令人震惊的，-ing 类形容词，专门修饰事物；区分 astonished（感到震惊的，修饰人），词性
辨析必考。
题目 22：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：逐步地；渐渐地（副词）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：gradually，用于描述成长、环境、心态缓慢变化，读后续写叙事高频副词。
题目 23：写出单词 conserve 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：节约；保护，动词，侧重合理利用自然资源，环保主题核心动词。
题目 24：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：克服（动词，搭配困难、阻碍）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：overcome，固定搭配 overcome difficulties（克服困难），励志类作文必备词汇。
题目 25：写出单词 perspective 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：观点；视角，名词，替换基础名词 opinion，高级表达个人看法专用词。
题目 26：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：极其；极大地（副词，替换 very）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：extremely，修饰各类形容词，书面写作替换低端程度副词 very。
题目 27：写出单词 acquire 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：习得；获取，动词，侧重慢慢学习知识、技能，替换基础词 get。
题目 28：根据汉语释义写出英文短语：总而言之（作文标准结尾衔接短语）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：in conclusion，正式书面结尾词，替换口语化短语 all in all。
题目 29：写出单词 temporary 的中文释义
答题区：________________________
答案解析：暂时的；临时的，形容词，常修饰挫折、困境、变化，完形近义词辨析高频词。
题目 30：根据汉语释义写出英文单词：充足的；充分的（正式形容词，替换 enough）
答题区：________________________
答案解析：sufficient，修饰时间、物资、准备，语法填空词形转换常考词汇。
 基础·阅读演练
（2026·湖南长沙·三模）Four Free Community Courses
Handwriting Improvement
This practical course is specially designed for teenagers and adult beginners who want to standardize their 
handwriting and improve writing neatness. Professional calligraphy teachers from local art associations will deliver 
systematic offline teaching and teach standard writing skills for English words and Chinese characters. The official 
courses start every Monday afternoon and last for one and a half hours per session. All writing tools including 
practice papers and special pens are provided uniformly, so participants do not need to prepare anything in 
advance. After four weeks of systematic learning and daily targeted training, learners will gain obvious progress in 
handwriting neatness, standardization and fluency, which can greatly improve their daily homework and exam 
paper presentation.
Public Speaking
The public speaking course is open to all students aged 12–18 in the community and surrounding schools. 
Different from traditional rote training, this course focuses on cultivating learners’ oral expression skills, logical 
thinking ability and on-site adaptability. Each class is divided into theoretical explanation, model appreciation and 
practical speech practice links. Teachers will guide students to design speech frameworks, polish language 
expressions and overcome stage fright step by step. Fixed classes are held every Wednesday evening after school 
hours to avoid conflicting with students’ daily study. The course has no entry threshold and warmly welcomes all 
beginners who are interested in speech and eager to exercise themselves.
Home Cooking
The home cooking course is suitable for people of all ages, including primary and secondary school 
students, office workers and retired residents. The course aims to teach simple, delicious and healthy home-style 
dishes, while guiding learners to develop scientific cooking habits and a healthy diet concept. Course ingredients, 
kitchen utensils and protective tools are all provided for free by the community activity center. The fixed course 
time is every Friday morning from nine to eleven o’clock, lasting two hours each time. Teachers will demonstrate 
on-site and guide students to operate in groups, focusing on teaching low-oil, low-salt and nutritious daily dishes, 
helping learners master practical life skills suitable for family daily meals.
Photography Basics
This basic photography course is tailored for ordinary photography lovers with no professional foundation. 
Breaking the misunderstanding that photography requires expensive professional cameras, the course focuses on 
teaching practical mobile phone shooting skills suitable for daily life. Professional photography teachers will teach 
composition skills, light utilization, color matching and scene shooting techniques for landscapes, portraits and 
daily trivial matters. All courses are arranged on weekends to adapt to the free time of students and working 
people. Through systematic learning, learners can skillfully record beautiful moments in study, life and travel, and 
discover the beauty hidden in ordinary daily life with the lens.
1．Which course starts on weekdays afternoon?
A．Handwriting Improvement
B．Public Speaking
C．Home Cooking
D．Photography Basics
2．What do we know about Public Speaking?
A．It is free for adults
B．It needs professional tools
C．It trains logical thinking
D．It is held on weekends
3．Who is the text intended for?
A．Course teachers
B．Community residents
C．School students
D．Professional trainers
【答案】1．A    2．C    3．B
【导语】主要介绍社区开设的四门免费课程，分别说明每门课的适配人群、上课时间、授课内容与配套相
关物资。
【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Handwriting Improvement 部分中的“The official courses start every Monday 
afternoon and last for one and a half hours per session.(正式课程每周一下午开课，每节课时长一个半小时。)”
可知，硬笔书法提升课程在工作日下午开课。
2．细节理解题。根据Public Speaking 部分中的“Different from traditional rote training, this course focuses on 
cultivating learners’ oral expression skills, logical thinking ability and on-site adaptability.(不同于传统死记硬背式
训练，该课程着重培养学员的口语表达能力、逻辑思维能力以及临场应变能力。)”可知，公共演讲课程会
锻炼学员的逻辑思维。
3．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是标题“Four Free Community Courses”以及各课程板块面向社区居民、学
生、上班族、退休人群的介绍可知，全文面向社区居民介绍免费课程，文章的目标受众是社区居民。
（2026·河南南阳·模拟预测）Admission Guidelines for Yale School of Art
Admission to Yale’s MFA program is for the fall term only, annually. Preliminary ( 初步的) admission 
decisions and finalist notification will be sent in early February. Offers of admission are sent in early March. To 
apply for more than one area of concentration, separate applications and supporting documentation must be 
submitted.
Deadline: The application for academic year 2027 — 2028 will open in October 2026. Take time to prepare, 
review, and revise application materials, get familiar with the system, and request letters and report cards in 
advance. The application will be due Saturday, January 9, 2027 at 11:59 PM Eastern Standard Time.
Instructions for All Applicants
Follow all instructions carefully to ensure that your application is viewed to your best advantage. For an 
explanation of specific requirements for each area of study, please refer to the departmental sections that follow.
Submit the following materials to complete your application:
• Application form: Open from early October until the early January deadline.
• Fee: Follow payment instructions at https://apply.art.yale.edu/apply/ to submit your $100 non-refundable 
fee. Yale School of Art practices “need-blind admission”, as such fee waivers (费用减免) are not available.
• Statement: A one-page statement addressing your current practice, interests, influences, and/ or lived 
experiences relative to the subject matter of your work and research, and goals for graduate study. Applicants to 
the Painting/ Printmaking program should make reference in their statements to the “representative work” in the 
portfolio (作品集); this is not critical for the other programs.
• Recommendations: Letters from three references, ideally who are practicing or teaching in your area of 
interest. It is recommended to seek letters of support from those familiar with your practice, community values, 
and potential for growth in Yale’s MFA program.
• Report cards: An undergraduate academic report card showing dates of attendance, coursework, and 
grades from your degree-issuing institution. Junior or community college report cards are not necessary to include 
when submitting report cards.
4．When will the application for the MFA program be closed?
A．In early October 2026.
B．In early March 2027.
C．In early February 2027.
D．In early January, 2027.
5．What should applicants know about the application fee?
A．It’s refundable if the application fails.
B．It should be paid via the specified website.
C．It offers a discount for multiple concentrations.
D．It’s waivable depending on the financial situation.
6．What’s special about the Painting/ Printmaking program’s statement?
A．Mentioning the typical work.
B．Setting goals for graduate study.
C．Focusing on community values and growth.
D．Describing undergraduate coursework and grades.
【答案】4．D    5．B    6．A
【导语】文章主要介绍耶鲁大学艺术学院MFA 项目的招生要求、申请时间、截止日期及需提交的申请材料
等相关信息。
【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The application will be due Saturday, January 9, 2027 at 11:59 PM 
Eastern Standard Time. (申请截止日期为2027 年1 月9 日星期六美国东部标准时间晚上11 点59 分。)”可知，
MFA 项目的申请截止时间在2027 年1 月初。
5．细节理解题。根据Submit the following materials to complete your application:中的“Fee: Follow payment 
instructions at https://apply.art.yale.edu/apply/ to submit your $100 non-refundable fee. (费用：请按
照https://apply.art.yale.edu/apply/上的支付说明提交100 美元的不可退还费用。)”可知，申请费需通过指定
网站支付。
6．细节理解题。根据Submit the following materials to complete your application:中的“Applicants to the 
Painting/ Printmaking program should make reference in their statements to the “representative work” in the 
portfolio (作品集); this is not critical for the other programs. (绘画/版画项目的申请人应在个人陈述中提及作品
集中的“代表性作品”；这对其他项目来说并非必需。)”可知，绘画/版画项目的个人陈述的特别之处在于
需要提及代表性作品。
（2026·四川成都·模拟预测）Summer Combo Deal: Qiaolezi Ice Cream + Sprite
Get ready for the hottest promotion of the season! From July 15th to August 25th, participating 
convenience stores nationwide are offering an exclusive combo deal on Qiaolezi Ice Cream and Sprite.
The Deal:Buy any 2 Qiaolezi Ice Cream products (any flavor) and 1 can of Sprite (330ml), and get one extra 
Sprite free.
How to Participate:
1. Find the “Summer Combo” sign at any partner store (including 7-Eleven, FamilyMart, and Lawson).
2.Pick your favorite Qiaolezi flavors — options include Classic Chocolate, Strawberry Swirl, and Mango 
Mochi.
3.Grab two cans of Sprite (one will be automatically discounted at checkout).
4.Scan the store’s loyalty QR code before payment to activate the offer. No paper coupon is needed.
Bonus Reward:
After purchasing the combo, upload a photo of your receipt to the official Qiaolezi WeChat mini-program 
before August 30th. The first 1,000 participants will receive a limited-edition summer fan (available in 4 colors).
Terms & Conditions:
1.Offer valid while stocks last.
2.Cannot be combined with other promotions or student discounts.
3.Each customer can redeem the combo up to three times per day.
4.The free Sprite must be claimed at the time of the original purchase.
7．What do you need to do to get the extra free Sprite?
A．Show a paper coupon from a newspaper.
B．Scan the store’s loyalty QR code before paying.
C．Buy three Qiaolezi ice creams instead of two.
8．What is the deadline to receive the limited-edition summer fan?
A．August 25th
B．August 30th
C．July 15th
9．According to the promotion rules, which of the following is TRUE?
A．The free Sprite can be taken on a separate day.
B．A student can still use their student discount with this combo.
C．You can get this deal three times on the same day.
【答案】7．B    8．B    9．C
【导语】主要介绍了全国连锁便利店夏日套餐上线，购两支巧乐滋加一罐雪碧即赠一罐雪碧，扫码核销，
上传小票前一千名可得限定折扇，活动另有多项使用细则约束。
【详解】7．细节理解题。根据“How to Participate”部分“Scan the store’s loyalty QR code before payment to 
activate the offer. No paper coupon is needed.(在付款前扫描商店的会员二维码以激活优惠。不需要纸质优惠
券)”可知，想要获得免费的雪碧，需要在付款前扫描商店的会员二维码。
8．细节理解题。根据“Bonus Reward”部分“After purchasing the combo, upload a photo of your receipt to 
the official Qiaolezi WeChat mini-program before August 30th. The first 1,000 participants will receive a limited-
edition summer fan (available in 4 colors).(购买组合商品后，请在8 月30 日前将收据照片上传至官方Qiaolezi
微信小程序。前1000 名参与者将获得限量版夏季扇子（四种颜色可选）)”可知，获取限量版夏日风扇的截
止日期是8 月30 日。
9．细节理解题。根据“Terms & Conditions”部分“Each customer can redeem the combo up to three times per 
day. (每位顾客每天最多可兑换三次该套餐)”可知，同一天内可以享受三次该优惠。
（2026·云南·三模）4 Bullet Train Journeys across China
China is blazing a new future with its record-breaking bullet trains. These trains make crossing the country’s 
huge landmass accessible on a shorter visit.
Silk Road
Time:8 hours| Distance:690 miles
Spanning Gansu’s northwest deserts, this high-speed journey traces ancient camel trails once used to trade 
silk and philosophy. Today, you can make the trip in days, exploring grand Buddha statues, night markets, temples, 
and sweeping landscapes. From Lanzhou, the train sails through the Hexi Corridor, passing Zhangye and Jiayuguan 
(Great Wall’s western end) — before reaching Dunhuang, home to giant dunes and the Mogao Caves, a priceless 
Buddhist art treasury.
Tibetan Plateau
Time: 20 hours| Distance:1,215 miles
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, technically the only non-high-speed train here, is an engineering wonder built on 
permafrost (冻土) across extreme terrain. Departing Xining, this overnight journey passes Qinghai Lake — China’ s 
largest — before crossing the Tibetan Plateau into the Himalayas, arriving next morning in Lhasa.
Wintery Northeast
Time: 4.5 hours| Distance: 771 miles
This high-speed route shoots northeast from Beijing through the vast plains of Dongbei. You’ ll pass through 
Shenyang before reaching Harbin, a city with onion-domed churches, frozen rivers, and a mix of cultures including 
Chinese, Russian, Mongolian, etc. Time your journey for January/ February to catch the Harbin Ice and Snow 
Festival, where ice palaces glow with neon.
Skyscrapers to Coast
Time:4 hours| Distance:351 miles
Board a bullet train in Hong Kong coastward. The route zips past fishing villages and river estuaries to 
Xiamen — a port city with 1850s architecture and sea views. Detour inland to explore Fujian’ s Tulou, a UNESCO 
site of circular Hakka clan houses made of packed earth and timber, some over 700 years old.
10．What can you do in Silk Road?
A．Do some silk trade.
B．Visit Buddhist temples.
C．Explore ancient markets.
D．View the whole Great Wall.
11．Which journey covers the longest distance?
A．Silk Road.
B．Tibetan Plateau.
C．Wintery Northeast.
D．Skyscrapers to Coast.
12．What do the last two journeys have in common?
A．They pass through frozen rivers.
B．They provide amazing sea views.
C．They enjoy a mix of foreign cultures.
D．They feature uniquely styled buildings.
【答案】10．B    11．B    12．D
【导语】文章介绍了中国四条高铁线路的旅程信息，包括所需时间、距离以及沿途的景点和特色。 
【详解】10．细节理解题。根据“Silk Road”部分中“Today, you can make the trip in days, exploring grand 
Buddha statues, night markets, temples, and sweeping landscapes. (如今，你可以在几天内完成旅行，探索宏
伟的佛像、夜市和寺庙和广阔的风景。)”可知，在丝绸之路旅程中你可以参观佛教寺庙。
11．细节理解题。根据各部分中的“Distance”信息可知，Tibetan Plateau 部分的距离“Distance:1,215 miles 
(距离:1215 英里)”是最长的。 
12．细节理解题。根据“Wintery Northeast”部分“Harbin, a city with onion-domed churches (哈尔滨，一座
拥有洋葱头圆顶教堂的城市)”和“Skyscrapers to Coast”部分“Xiamen — a port city with 1850s architecture 
(厦门——一座拥有19 世纪50 年代建筑风格的港口城市)”和“Fujian’s Tulou, a UNESCO site of circular Hakka 
clan houses (福建土楼——被联合国教科文组织列为客家家族圆形房屋遗址)”可知，两条线路都能看到风格
独特的建筑。
（2026· 安徽合肥· 模拟预测）Generative AI (GenAI) has long been credited as the next industrial 
revolution, with global enterprise investment hitting $ 30-40 billion in recent years. Yet a groundbreaking 2025 
report by MIT Technology Review reveals a cruel reality: this massive investment of money has failed to translate 
into visible value for the vast majority of organizations. The study, based on surveys of 1,200 enterprises and 
analysis of 300 real-world implementations (实施), introduces the concept of the “GenAI Divide” — a gap between 
the few firms that gain significant profits from their AI attempts and the majority that cannot.
Taking industry as an example, the distinction is equally noticeable. An AI Market Disruption Index (ranging 
from 0 to 4), which measures factors like market share shifts and AI-native firm growth, paints a clear picture. 
Technology and media sectors lead the pack with scores of 3.8 and 3.2 respectively, while healthcare and energy 
are far behind.
Some barriers can clearly explain the failure of most pilot firms, like lack of learning, adaptation capability 
and poor integration with existing routines. Fortunately, analyses suggest that key practices should be adopted to 
bridge the gap. Those companies may consider working together to increase success chances rather than develop 
individually. Moreover, applying adaptable systems, such as tools with persistent memory and timely feedback, is 
up to their urgent needs.
13．What is “GenAI Divide”?
A．A technology-applying gap.
B．An idea-introducing difference.
C．A profit-gaining divide.
D．An investment-making imbalance.
14．Which profits least from scaling AI?
A．Technology.
B．Media.
C．Health care.
D．Energy.
15．What is suggested regarding the GenAI Divide?
A．Improving working efficiency.
B．Partnering with each other.
C．Receiving timely feedback.
D．Making systems more adaptable.
【答案】13．C    14．D    15．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了GenAI 的投资与价值转化现状、行业间的应用差异，以及缩小GenAI 鸿沟的相关
建议。
【详解】13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The study, based on surveys of 1,200 enterprises and analysis of 
300 real-world implementations, introduces the concept of the “GenAI Divide” — a gap between the few firms 
that gain significant profits from their AI attempts and the majority that cannot.(这项研究基于对1200 家企业的
调查以及对300 个实际应用案例的分析，引入了“生成式人工智能差距”这一概念，即少数通过人工智能
尝试获得显著利润的公司与大多数未能做到的公司之间的差距)”可知，“GenAI Divide”是盈利方面的差距。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Technology and media sectors lead the pack with scores of 3.8 and 3.2 
respectively, while healthcare and energy are far behind.(科技行业与媒体行业得分分别为3.8 和3.2，位居前列，
而医疗保健和能源行业则远远落后)”以及图表信息可知，能源行业（Energy）得分最低，从人工智能规模
化应用中获利最少。
15．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fortunately, analyses suggest that key practices should be adopted to 
bridge the gap. Those companies may consider working together to increase success chances rather than develop 
individually.(幸运的是，分析表明应该采用关键做法来弥合差距。这些公司可以考虑合作以提高成功几率，
而不是单独发展)”可知，文章针对GenAI 鸿沟提出的建议是企业之间相互合作。
二、完形填空
（2026·天津河北·二模）The Oklahoma Academy girls’ basketball team had just secured what seemed like 
a historic championship. The locker room was     16     with the smell of sweat and the sound of wild cheers. 
However, in the middle of the loud celebration, Coach Brendan King couldn’t escape a growing     17     of 
worry. Deep down, he had a bad feeling that something wasn’t quite right.
That night, while the rest of the town slept, King sat alone in his quiet house, watching the game video over 
and over. His eyes were     18     on the screen as he carefully started     19     every point with a heavy 
heart. Soon, his worst fear was painfully     20    : they had actually lost by a single point. In the chaos of the 
final quarter, a shot that clearly missed the hoop was     21     recorded as a basket by the scorekeeper.
The sun rose on a difficult morning. The players arrived at the school gym still    22   , their faces bright 
with pride from the     23     night, completely unaware of what was coming until King     24     the 
news. The gym fell from laughter into shocked silence — a hard moment to watch. Admitting they weren’t the 
rightful winners was a bitter pill to     25    , because it meant giving up their big moment. Yet, honesty     26 
more than the prize. Within minutes, the team reached a consensus ( 共识) that they would     27     the 
trophy (奖杯) and medals to Apache High School, the true winners.
With the gold trophy sitting silently in his passenger seat, King began the long drive to Apache to set things  
28    . When he arrived, Coach Amy admitted she had     29     the error during the game but was told the 
score was final. However, moved by King’s proof and his team’s amazing honesty, the league made a rare     30  
to the rules. In the Apache gym, King finally     31     the medals. The Apache players, finally getting what they 
earned, were     32     for real this time, their faces wet with genuine tears of joy.
We often think a     33     is something you can hold in your hands or see on the scoreboard. But the 
Academy team proved that the greatest win is the one you carry in your heart. It takes a special kind of     34  
to admit mistakes and the grace to do what’s right, even when it     35     them the trophy. The Academy 
team lost the game, but by doing the right thing, they remained true to themselves and won something far 
greater than a trophy.
16．A．crowded
B．associated
C．equipped
D．filled
17．A．dream
B．sense
C．chance
D．picture
18．A．repaired
B．glanced
C．reflected
D．fixed
19．A．collecting
B．counting
C．regulating
D．achieving
20．A．confirmed
B．acknowledged
C．contradicted
D．resolved
21．A．automatically
B．regularly
C．mistakenly
D．informally
22．A．overjoyed
B．relaxed
C．embarrassed
D．ashamed
23．A．following
B．previous
C．precious
D．former
24．A．exchanged
B．gathered
C．broke
D．invented
25．A．taste
B．choose
C．digest
D．swallow
26．A．mattered
B．benefited
C．devoted
D．required
27．A．gain
B．return
C．receive
D．keep
28．A．direct
B．correct
C．straight
D．plain
29．A．explained
B．believed
C．imagined
D．noticed
30．A．attempt
B．appointment
C．exception
D．appeal
31．A．put away
B．took over
C．handed over
D．showed off
32．A．celebrating
B．performing
C．competing
D．interviewing
33．A．victory
B．reputation
C．responsibility
D．ambition
34．A．opportunity
B．courage
C．strength
D．interest
35．A．pays
B．values
C．helps
D．costs
【答案】
16．D    17．B    18．D    19．B    20．A    21．C    22．A    23．B    24．C    25．D    
26．A    27．B    28．C    29．D    30．C    31．C    32．A    33．A    34．B    35．D
【导语】文章讲述篮球队误获冠军，教练发现计分错误后，全队坚守诚信主动归还奖杯，虽输掉虚名，却
收获了品格与真正的胜利。
【详解】16．考查动词。句意：更衣室里充满汗水味和热烈的欢呼声。A. crowded 拥挤；B. associated 关联；
C. equipped 配备；D. filled 充满。根据前文“championship”和后文“the smell of sweat and the sound of wild 
cheers”可知，屋内满是气味与胜利的欢呼声响，be filled with，为固定搭配表“充满”，符合语境。
17．考查名词。句意：但在喧闹的庆祝中，Brendan King 教练心中生出愈发强烈的不安感。A. dream 梦想；
B. sense 感觉；C. chance 机会；D. picture 画面。根据后文“Deep down, he had a bad feeling”可知，后文
feeling 与该空同义，指内心的预感、感受，sense 符合语境。
18．考查动词。句意：他目光紧盯屏幕，心情沉重地仔细核对每一分比分。A. repaired 修理；B. glanced 瞥
视；C. reflected 反射；D. fixed 修理，使固定。根据后文“watching the game video over and over”可知，教
练反复回看录像、专注盯着画面，fix one’s eyes on，固定搭配，表示“紧盯”，符合语境。
19．考查动词。句意：他目光紧盯屏幕，心情沉重地仔细核对每一分比分。A. collecting 收集；B. counting
清点核算；C. regulating 调节；D. achieving 达成。根据后文“every point”以及核查赛事计分差错可知，教练
是在逐分清点核算比分。
20．考查动词。句意：很快，他最担心的事不幸被证实：他们实际上以一分之差输了比赛。A. confirmed 证
实；B. acknowledged 承认；C. contradicted 反驳；D. resolved 解决。根据后文“they had actually lost by a 
single point”可知，这里指教练的猜想得到事实印证，即担忧被证实，confirmed 符合语境。
21．考查副词。句意：末节场面混乱中，一记明显未进筐的投篮被计分员错误记为有效得分。A. 
automatically 自动地；B. regularly 定期地；C. mistakenly 错误地；D. informally 非正式地。根据前文“they 
had actually lost by a single point”描述实际输了比赛、比分有误可知，这里指是计分出现差错，mistakenly 符
合语境。
22．考查形容词。句意：队员们抵达学校体育馆时依然欣喜若狂，脸上还洋溢着前一晚胜利带来的自豪光
芒，完全没意识到即将发生什么，直到金宣布了消息。A. overjoyed 狂喜的；B. relaxed 放松的；C. 
embarrassed 尴尬的；D. ashamed 羞愧的。根据后文“their faces bright with pride”以及语境可知，队员仍沉
浸在夺冠的喜悦中，满心欢喜。
23．考查形容词。句意：队员们抵达学校体育馆时依然欣喜若狂，脸上还洋溢着前一晚胜利带来的自豪光
芒，完全没意识到即将发生什么，直到金宣布了消息。A. following 接下来的；B. previous 先前的；C. 
precious 珍贵的；D. former 从前的。根据前文“The sun rose on a difficult morning”以及语境可知，夺冠发生
在前一晚，即先前的夜晚。
24．考查动词。句意：队员们抵达学校体育馆时依然欣喜若狂，脸上还洋溢着前一晚胜利带来的自豪光芒，
完全没意识到即将发生什么，直到金教练宣布了消息。A. exchanged 交换；B. gathered 聚集；C. broke 透露、
公布；D. invented 编造。根据后文“The gym fell from laughter into shocked silence”描述体育馆从欢笑陷入震
惊沉默可知，教练公布了坏消息，break the news，为固定表达“公布消息”，符合语境。
25．考查动词。句意：承认他们并非正当的获胜者是一颗难以咽下的苦果，因为这意味着放弃他们辉煌的
荣耀时刻。A. taste 品尝；B. choose 选择；C. digest 消化；D. swallow 忍受、咽下。根据后文“giving up their 
big moment”以及语境可知，要放弃荣耀很难接受，a bitter pill to swallow，固定习语，表“难以接受的事；
不得不忍受的苦果”，符合语境。
26．考查动词。句意：然而，诚实比奖杯更重要。A. mattered 重要；B. benefited 受益；C. devoted 奉献；
D. required 需要。根据后文“the trophy (奖杯) and medals to Apache High School, the true winners”描述球队
主动归还奖杯、坚守本心可知，诚信远比奖品更重要，mattered 符合语境。
27．考查动词。句意：全队很快达成共识，决定把奖杯和奖牌归还给真正的冠军阿帕奇高中。A. gain 获得；
B. return 归还；C. receive 接收；D. keep 保留。根据后文“King began the long drive to Apache”可知，教练专
程前往送还荣誉，所以这里指把奖杯和奖牌归还给真正的冠军。
28．考查形容词。句意：金教练带着奖杯，驱车前往阿帕奇高中把事情明确弄清楚。A. direct 直接的；B. 
correct 正确的；C. straight 井井有条的；D. plain 朴素的。根据前文“they had actually lost by a single point”
描述发现计分错误可知，这里指要还原事实真相，set things straight，固定搭配“明确某事，把某事弄清
楚”，符合语境。
29．考查动词。句意：他赶到时，埃米教练承认她在比赛中就已经注意到了这个错误，但被告知比分已是
最终结果。A. explained 解释；B. believed 相信；C. imagined 想象；D. noticed 注意到。根据后文“but was 
told the score was final”可知，埃米教练早已察觉出错，却被告知比分已定。
30．考查名词。句意：然而，被金的证据和他团队令人动容的诚实所打动，联赛组委会破例对规则做出了
罕见的例外处理。A. attempt 尝试；B. appointment 约定；C. exception 例外；D. appeal 呼吁。根据后文
“The Apache players, finally getting what they earned”描述阿帕奇高中获得荣誉可知，这里指联赛组委会打
破常规认可真实结果，make an exception，为固定搭配，表“破例”，符合语境。
31．考查动词短语。句意：在阿帕奇高中的体育馆里，金教练最终移交了奖牌。A. put away 收好；B. took 
over 接管；C. handed over 移交；D. showed off 炫耀。根据后文“The Apache players, finally getting what they 
earned”可知，这里指把奖牌移交给对方队伍。
32．考查动词。句意：阿帕奇队的队员们终于拿到了他们应得的荣誉，这次是真正地在庆祝，脸上流淌着
真挚的喜悦泪水。A. celebrating 庆祝；B. performing 表演；C. competing 竞赛；D. interviewing 采访。根据后
文“genuine tears of joy”以及语境可知，队员喜极而泣，是在真诚庆祝胜利。
33．考查名词。句意：我们常以为胜利是握在手中、或是能在记分牌上看到的东西。A. victory 胜利；B. 
reputation 名声；C. responsibility 责任；D. ambition 抱负。根据后文“But the greatest win is the one you 
carry in your heart”以及语境可知，其中win 与该空同义复现，指代胜利，victory 符合语境。
34．考查名词。句意：承认错误需要一种特别的勇气，而坚持做正确的事需要风度，即便这会让他们失去
奖杯。A. opportunity 机会；B. courage 勇气；C. strength 力量；D. interest 兴趣。根据前文“the team 
reached a consensus (共识) that they would 　　　 the trophy (奖杯) and medals to Apache High School, the 
true winners.”描述主动放弃虚假冠军、坦然认错可知，这需要非凡的勇气。
35．考查动词。句意：承认错误需要一种特别的勇气，而坚持做正确的事需要风度，即便这会让他们失去
奖杯。A. pays 付出；B. values 珍视；C. helps 帮助；D. costs 使付出代价、使失去。根据后文“them the 
trophy”以及语境可知。这里指球队丢掉奖杯却守住品格，cost sb. sth.，表示“使某人失去某物”，符合语
境。
（2026·内蒙古赤峰·三模）Howard transformed a dying 110-year-old tree, which had stood in her yard 
since her family bought the house, into a magical library.
Although the tree needed to come down, Howard says she had a hard time     36    . One day, after a 
branch dropped, the end     37     arrived. However, she was unwilling to     38     the stump (树桩) 
entirely. “What if we turned it into one of those Little Free Libraries?” she wondered,     39     a tree library.
The Little Free Library is a movement to promote literacy and community with the     40     of “take a 
book, share a book”. Howard had long     41     the movement. Seeing the hollow (空的) stump as a perfect 
opportunity, she started her project. She     42     a box inside the stump. That box became the functional 
part of the library, into which shelving and books were ultimately placed. The finished stump     43     a 
wooden roof, a lamp, and a door.
When Howard shared her     44     on Facebook, local media quickly     45     the story, followed 
by national outlets. Since then, visitors have arrived, with people often waiting their turn to     46     this 
library.
Howard works at a library. For her, the little library was a(n)     47     of her job. She is     48     to 
share her love of reading. Reflecting on the     49    , she says, “Little Free Libraries     50     people to 
experience the surprise of finding something to read.”
36．A．letting go
B．holding on
C．getting over
D．making believe
37．A．quietly
B．finally
C．naturally
D．dramatically
38．A．sell
B．burn
C．remove
D．transport
39．A．judging
B．guessing
C．picturing
D．understanding
40．A．will
B．faith
C．insight
D．concept
41．A．founded
B．admired
C．monitored
D．discovered
42．A．fitted
B．repaired
C．exchanged
D．measured
43．A．restored
B．improved
C．featured
D．illustrated
44．A．creation
B．product
C．research
D．discovery
45．A．made up
B．picked up
C．took down
D．passed down
46．A．check
B．report
C．explore
D．decorate
47．A．praise
B．reward
C．investment
D．extension
48．A．curious
B．serious
C．patient
D．passionate
49．A．project
B．outcome
C．challenge
D．adventure
50．A．urge
B．allow
C．force
D．qualify
【答案】
36．A    37．B    38．C    39．C    40．D    41．B    42．A    43．C    44．A    45．B    
46．C    47．D    48．D    49．A    50．B
【导语】本文主要讲述Howard 将自家院子里的一个老树桩改造成一个神奇的小型免费图书馆的故事。
【详解】36．考查动词短语。句意：尽管这棵树必须被砍倒，但Howard 表示自己还是很难割舍掉它。A. 
letting go 放开，舍弃；B. holding on 抓牢，继续；C. getting over 克服；D. making believe 假装。结合前文
“Although the tree needed to come down”表达的让步关系以及后文“she was unwilling to _______ the stump 
(树桩) entirely.”可知，Howard 对于砍树很不舍。
37．考查副词。句意：有一天，当一根树枝掉落下来后，结局最终到来了。A. quietly 安静地；B. finally 最
后；C. naturally 自然地；D. dramatically 戏剧性地。根据前文“after a branch dropped”可知，最终树被砍倒。
38．考查动词。句意：然而，她并不愿意将树桩完全清除掉。A. sell 售卖；B. burn 燃烧；C. remove 移除；
D. transport 运输。根据下文“What if we turned it into one of those Little Free Libraries?”可知，Howard 想把
树桩变成图书馆，故此处指她不愿意将树桩完全清除掉。
39．考查动词。句意：“要是把它改造成那种‘免费图书角’式的设施该多好呢？”她思索着，脑海中浮
现出一个树上图书馆的画面。A. judging 评价；B. guessing 猜测；C. picturing 想象，设想；D. understanding
理解。根据前文“‘What if we turned it into one of those Little Free Libraries?’ she wondered”可知，此处是设
想阶段。
40．考查名词。句意：“小型免费图书馆”是一个旨在促进阅读和社区建设的活动，其理念是“取走一本
书，分享一本书”。A. will 意志；B. faith 信念；C. insight 见解；D. concept 概念。根据后文“take a book, 
share a book”可知，这是图书馆的理念。
41．考查动词。句意：Howard 一直很欣赏这一运动。A. founded 建立；B. admired 欣赏；C. monitored 监视；
D. discovered 发现。后文“Seeing the hollow (空的) stump as a perfect opportunity, she started her project. (看
到这个空心树桩是个绝佳的契机，她便开始了自己的项目。)”提到她效仿该运动，推知她一直很欣赏这个
运动。
42．考查动词。句意：她在树桩里放了一个盒子。A. fitted 装进，安装；B. repaired 修理；C. exchanged 交
换；D. measured 测量。根据上文“the hollow (空的) stump”可知，此处指她在空的树桩里放一个盒子。
43．考查动词。句意：这个完工后的树桩顶部有一个木质屋顶、一盏灯和一扇门。A. restored 修复；B. 
improved 提高，改善；C. featured 以……为特色，以……为主要组成；D. illustrated 说明，解释。结合空后
“a wooden roof, a lamp, and a door”可知，此处是描述完工后的树桩的构造。
44．考查名词。句意：当Howard 将她的作品发布在脸书上后，当地媒体迅速报道了此事，随后全国性的
媒体也进行了跟进报道。A. creation 创造，作品；B. product 产品；C. research 研究；D. discovery 发现。结
合上文“The finished stump”可知，此处指她装饰完工后的树桩这一作品。
45．考查动词短语。句意：同上。A. made up 编造，构成；B. picked up 发现，报道；C. took down 取下；D. 
passed down 传下去。根据后文“followed by national outlets”可知，此处指当地媒体迅速报道了此事。
46．考查动词。句意：从那以后，陆续有游客前来参观，人们常常会耐心等待轮到自己来探索这座图书馆。
A. check 检查；B. report 报道；C. explore 探索；D. decorate 装饰。根据前文“visitors have arrived”和后文
“this library”可知，此处指人们来探索这个图书馆。
47．考查名词。句意：对她而言，这个小小的图书馆就是她工作的延伸场所。A. praise 表扬；B. reward 回
报；C. investment 投资；D. extension 延伸。根据上文“Howard works at a library.”可知，Howard 在图书馆工
作，这个小型图书馆是她工作的延伸。
48．考查形容词。句意：她热衷于分享自己对阅读的热爱。A. curious 好奇的；B. serious 严肃的；C. patient
耐心的；D. passionate 热情的。结合上文提到Howard 在图书馆工作并打造小型免费图书馆可知，她热衷于
分享自己对阅读的热爱。
49．考查名词。句意：她这样说道：“回顾这个项目，我认为‘小型免费图书馆’能让人们体验到发现一
本好书所带来的惊喜。”A. project 项目；B. outcome 结果；C. challenge 挑战；D. adventure 冒险。根据上
文“she started her project”可知，此处是project 的词汇复现。
50．考查动词。句意：同上。A. urge 敦促；B. allow 允许，使可能；C. force 强迫；D. qualify 使具有资格。
结合主语“Little Free Libraries”以及空后“people to experience the surprise of finding something to read”可知，
此处指‘小型免费图书馆’能让人们体验到发现一本好书所带来的惊喜。
（2026·上海·二模）A new study has found that bumblebees can process the duration of light flashes and 
use this information to find food. This is the     51     evidence of such an ability in insects, according to 
Elisabetta Versace from Queen Mary University of London. Versace told CNN that the finding could settle a long-
standing debate among scientists about whether insects are able to process complex patterns, as many experts 
previously     52     their cognitive (认知) abilities.
“In the past, people thought insects were just simple reflex machines without any flexibility,” Versace 
explained. To test their idea and prove that bees could process time-related information, the researchers built a(n) 
53     designed maze (迷宫) where individual bumblebees traveled when leaving their nests for food.
In the maze, the bees were shown two distinct     54     clues: one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 
seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds. When the bees approached these     55     circles, 
they found sweet, preferred food at one and bitter, unwanted food at the other. Even though the circles’ positions 
changed in each part of the maze, the bees gradually learned over time to fly toward the     56     flash, which 
was consistently linked to the sweet food.
To     57     the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and 
her team members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all. They found that the bees 
could still tell the circles apart based    58     on flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape. 
“This shows the bees are    59    using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking 
choices,” she said.
Versace noted that the bees’ ability to use such novel stimuli—flashes they would never encounter in their 
natural environment — to solve tasks flexibly is truly    60   . “This finding makes perfect sense, as bees must 
carefully manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the     61     of 
returning to the nest,” she said. The study also found that bumblebees are among a small group of animals, 
including humans and pigeons, that can     62     between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to 
understand Morse code, where short and long signals represent different letters.
While the neural mechanisms (神经机制) behind bees’     63     ability remain unclear, the team plans 
to investigate them further in future research. They also aim to study bees living freely in colonies rather than 
individually, and explore why some bees learn to     64     time duration faster than others. The findings    65 
the long-held idea that bees are just instinct-driven machines. Besides, they highlight bees’ complex cognition and 
offer new insights into how animals perceive time.
51．A．direct
B．first
C．concrete
D．physical
52．A．developed
B．possessed
C．demonstrated
D．underestimated
53．A．abstractly
B．carefully
C．complexly
D．conventionally
54．A．visual
B．verbal
C．potential
D．important
55．A．dark
B．wide
C．complete
D．respective
56．A．short
B．bright
C．sudden
D．complete
57．A．allow for
B．look into
C．rule out
D．open up
58．A．typically
B．simply
C．specially
D．purposefully
59．A．actually
B．accidentally
C．maximumly
D．casually
60．A．unique
B．doubtful
C．remarkable
D．measurable
61．A．fees
B．rates
C．costs
D．losses
62．A．shift
B．range
C．alternate
D．distinguish
63．A．food-seeking
B．time-setting
C．time-judging
D．food-processing
64．A．assess
B．reduce
C．invest
D．combine
65．A．convey
B．develop
C．explore
D．challenge
【答案】
51．B    52．D    53．B    54．A    55．D    56．A    57．C    58．B    59．A    60．C    
61．C    62．D    63．C    64．A    65．D
【导语】研究发现大黄蜂可凭借闪光时长辨别信号、指导觅食，拥有判断时间的认知能力，颠覆了蜜蜂仅
靠本能行事的传统认知。
【详解】51．考查形容词。句意：据伦敦玛丽女王大学的伊丽莎白·韦尔萨奇博士称，这是昆虫具备这种能
力的首个证据。A. direct 直接的；B. first 首次的；C. concrete 具体的；D. physical 身体的。前文提到一项新
研究发现大黄蜂能处理闪光时长并借此觅食，后文提及此前科学界长期存在争议，说明这是首次发现昆虫
有该能力。
52．考查动词。句意：韦尔萨奇告诉美国有线电视新闻网，这一发现有望平息科学界长期以来关于昆虫能
否处理复杂模式的争论，因为许多专家此前低估了它们的认知能力。A. developed 发展；B. possessed 拥有；
C. demonstrated 展示；D. underestimated 低估。由后文“In the past, people thought insects were just simple 
reflex machines without any flexibility”人们曾认为昆虫只是简单的反射机器、毫无灵活性可知，专家以往低
估了昆虫认知水平。
53．考查副词。句意：为验证猜想并证明蜜蜂能够处理与时间相关的信息，研究人员搭建了一个精心设计
的迷宫，大黄蜂离开巢穴觅食时会在其中穿行。A. abstractly 抽象地；B. carefully 精心地；C. complexly 复杂
地；D. conventionally 传统地。根据后文“designed maze (迷宫)where individual bumblebees traveled when 
leaving their nests for food”可知，实验用的迷宫是科研人员为实验专门精心设计的。
54．考查形容词。句意：在迷宫中，研究人员向蜜蜂展示了两种截然不同的视觉线索：一个圆圈短暂闪烁
0.5 秒，另一个闪烁时长更长，为5 秒。A. visual 视觉的；B. verbal 言语的；C. potential 潜在的；D. 
important 重要的。根据后文“one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds”可知，闪光圆圈属于视觉上的信
号线索。
55．考查形容词。句意：当蜜蜂靠近这些各自对应的圆圈时，它们会在其中一处找到喜爱的甜食，在另一
处吃到不想要的苦味食物。A. dark 黑暗的；B. wide 宽阔的；C. complete 完整的；D. respective 各自的。根
据上文“one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds.”可知，此
处指两个不同时长、各自对应的闪光圆圈。
56．考查形容词。句意：尽管在迷宫的不同区域，这些圆圈的位置有所变化，但随着时间的推移，蜜蜂逐
渐学会了朝着“短暂的闪光”方向飞行，而这种短暂的闪光总是与美味的食物相关联。A. short 短的；B. 
bright 明亮的；C. sudden 突然的；D. complete 完整的。前文“one circle that flashed briefly for 0.5 seconds 
and the other for a longer period of 5 seconds.”给出0.5 秒短闪光和5 秒长闪光两组对比，蜜蜂记住短闪光对
应美食。
57．考查动词短语。句意：为排除蜜蜂依靠看见或闻到甜食的可能性，韦尔萨奇及其团队随后在完全不放
置食物的情况下测试蜜蜂的行为。A. allow for 考虑到；B. look into 调查；C. rule out 排除；D. open up 开启。
根据后文“the possibility that the bees were relying on seeing or smelling the sweet food, Versace and her team 
members then tested the bees’ behavior when no food was present at all”可知，科研人员做无食物测试是为排
除其他干扰因素。
58．考查副词。句意：他们发现蜜蜂仍然能够仅仅依据闪光时长区分圆圈，而非依靠颜色、形状等其他潜
在线索。A. typically 典型地；B. simply 仅仅；C. specially 特别地；D. purposefully 有意地。根据后文“on 
flash duration, not other potential cues like color or shape”指实验证明蜜蜂只凭借闪光时长判断，无其他辅助
线索。
59．考查副词。句意：“这表明蜜蜂实际上是利用闪光之间的时差来决定寻找食物的方向的。”她说道。
A. actually 实际上；B. accidentally 意外地；C. maximumly 最大程度地；D. casually 随意地。根据后文“using 
the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking choices”可知，实验结果证实蜜蜂确实依靠
时间差做选择，actually 表实际情况。
60．考查形容词。句意：韦尔萨奇指出，蜜蜂能够利用这种在自然环境中从未接触过的新奇闪光刺激灵活
完成任务，这一点着实令人瞩目。A. unique 独特的；B. doubtful 怀疑的；C. remarkable 显著的、引人瞩目
的；D. measurable 可测量的。根据上文“flashes they would never encounter in their natural environment—to 
solve tasks flexibly”可知，昆虫具备这种特殊认知能力是很了不起、值得关注的。
61．考查名词。句意：这一发现合乎情理，因为蜜蜂觅食时必须合理把控时间，以求收益最大化，并减少
归巢的损失。A. fees 费用；B. rates 比率；C. costs 成本；D. losses 损失。根据上文“as bees must carefully 
manage their time while looking for food to maximize rewards and minimize the”可知，蜜蜂高效把控觅食时间
可降低归巢途中的损耗与损失。
62．考查动词。句意：该研究还发现，大黄蜂与人类、鸽子等少数动物一样，能够区分短闪光和长闪光，
人类也凭借这项技能解读摩尔斯电码，长短信号代表不同字母。A. shift 转移；B. range 涵盖；C. alternate
交替；D. distinguish 区分。根据后文“between short and long flashes, a skill humans use to understand Morse 
code”可知，大黄蜂能够区分短闪光和长闪光，人类也凭借这项技能解读摩尔斯电码，distinguish between
为固定搭配，意为区分两者。
63．考查形容词。句意：尽管蜜蜂这种判断时间的能力背后的神经机制尚不清楚，但该团队计划在未来研
究中进一步探究。A. food-seeking 觅食的；B. time-setting 定时的；C. time-judging 判时的；D. food-
processing 食物处理的。根据上文“using the time difference between the flashes to guide their food-seeking 
choices”以及全文核心是蜜蜂判断闪光时长、感知时间的能力。
64．考查动词。句意：他们还计划研究群居而非独居的蜜蜂，并探究为何有些蜜蜂能更快学会评估时间长
短。A. assess 评估、判断；B. reduce 减少；C. invest 投资；D. combine 结合。根据后文“time duration faster 
than others”可知，此处指蜜蜂学习判断、评估时间时长。
65．考查动词。句意：这些研究结果挑战了长久以来认为蜜蜂只是受本能驱使的机器这一观点。A. convey
传达；B. develop 发展；C. explore 探索；D. challenge 挑战。根据后文“the long-held idea that bees are just 
instinct-driven machines”以及新研究证明蜜蜂有复杂认知，颠覆了以往固有看法，即挑战旧观点。
三、语法填空
（2026·北京大兴·三模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
For many years, scientists     66     (know) that wild pigs in Germany have a unique problem that is 
both a mystery and something of a     67     (threaten). In short, a significant portion of the German wild boar 
(野猪) population — more than 1 in 3 in certain locals is radioactive. This is particularly concerning in places like 
Bavaria, Germany,     68     wild boar meat is a popular form of game meat.
【答案】66．have known    67．threat    68．where
【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了德国野猪群体受到放射性污染这一独特问题。
【详解】66．考查时态。句意：多年来，科学家们已经知道德国的野猪有一个独特的问题，这既是一个谜，
也是一种威胁。根据时间状语For many years 可知，此处表示从过去持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；
主语scientists 为复数，谓语动词用复数形式have known。
67．考查名词。句意同上。根据空前的不定冠词a 可知，此处需用名词单数形式；threaten 的名词形式为
threat，意为“威胁”。
68．考查定语从句。句意：这在德国巴伐利亚等地尤其令人担忧，在那里野猪肉是一种受欢迎的野味。空
处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为places like Bavaria, Germany，表示地点，且从句中缺少地点状语，应
用关系副词where 引导该从句。
（25-26 高三下·重庆沙坪坝·阶段检测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
In the heart of Milan, just steps from the Brera Gallery, a restaurant is drawing locals with an unexpected 
combination: Chinese dishes paired with Italian wine.
At ZioZio, many Italian food enthusiasts are discovering the unique flavors of Sichuan-style cuisine,     69 
(know) for its bold, spicy dishes influenced by the region’s climate and use of Sichuan peppers.
Diners are often surprised when they find     70     perfectly these rich flavors are paired with Italian 
wines, creating a unique balance     71     Eastern cuisine and Western wine.
Founders Wang Haoran and Zeng Xiaotang, both art     72     (graduate) with backgrounds in music and 
design, wanted to create a restaurant that would connect with the local community. “By pairing Chinese dishes 
with the red wines Italians love, we hope to inspire     73     (curious) and introduce people to the diversity of 
China’s regional food cultures,” they say.
Their concept is well-received by Milan’s locals. “Since several years ago, more authentic Chinese cuisines   
74     (appear) in Italy and Europe, offering greater variety and cultural experiences that people     75 
 
(true) appreciate,” says regular customer Gianluca Corrias.
ZioZio’s space of 15 square meters is filled with lively talk of locals. Some guests drop by after work     76 
(enjoy) wine with braised beef and bamboo shoots, while others stay and chat with friends. On the Mid-Autumn 
Day last year, Wang and Zeng     77     (prepare) mooncakes, inviting Italian customers to taste     78 
 
traditional Chinese dessert and learn about its symbolism of family reunion and happiness.
【答案】
69．known    70．how    71．between    72．graduates    73．curiosity    74．have appeared/have 
been appearing    75．truly    76．to enjoy    77．prepared    78．the
【导语】本文介绍了位于米兰市中心的ZioZio 餐厅，它将中国川菜与意大利葡萄酒相结合，吸引了当地食
客。
【详解】69．考查非谓语动词。句意：在ZioZio 餐厅，许多意大利美食爱好者正在发现川菜的独特风味，
川菜以其浓郁、辛辣的菜肴而闻名，这些菜肴受到该地区气候和花椒使用的影响。句中已有谓语动词are 
discovering，此处应用非谓语动词。Sichuan-style cuisine 与know 之间是被动关系，即川菜被人们知晓，所
以用过去分词known 作后置定语，修饰Sichuan-style cuisine，be known for 意为“因……而闻名”。
70．考查宾语从句。句意：当食客们发现这些浓郁的味道与意大利葡萄酒搭配得如此完美，在东方美食和
西方葡萄酒之间创造出一种独特的平衡时，他们常常感到惊讶。此处为宾语从句，作find 的宾语，从句中
不缺少主语和宾语，根据语境，此处表示“多么完美地搭配”，强调程度，所以用连接副词how 引导。
71．考查介词。句意：当食客们发现这些浓郁的味道与意大利葡萄酒搭配得如此完美，在东方美食和西方
葡萄酒之间创造出一种独特的平衡时，他们常常感到惊讶。between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……
和……之间”，此处表示在东方美食和西方葡萄酒之间。
72．考查名词复数。句意：创始人王浩然和曾晓堂都是艺术专业毕业生，有着音乐和设计背景，他们想创
建一家能与当地社区建立联系的餐厅。根据主语“Wang Haoran and Zeng Xiaotang”可知，此处表示两个人，
graduate 作“毕业生”讲时为可数名词，所以用复数形式graduates。
73．考查名词。句意：他们说：“通过将中国菜肴与意大利人喜爱的红葡萄酒搭配，我们希望激发人们的
好奇心，并向人们介绍中国地方饮食文化的多样性。”根据空前的inspire 可知，此处应用名词作宾语，
curious 的名词形式为curiosity，意为“好奇心”，是不可数名词。
74．考查动词时态。句意：常客吉安卢卡·科里亚斯说：“自从几年前以来，更多正宗的中国美食出现在意
大利和欧洲，提供了更多样化的选择和文化体验，深受人们的喜爱。”根据时间状语“Since several years 
ago”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has +过去分
词”；也可理解为从过去持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去，用现在完成进行时，其结构为“have/ha
s been +现在分词”。主语more authentic Chinese cuisines 是复数，所以用have appeared 或have been 
appearing。
75．考查副词。句意：常客吉安卢卡·科里亚斯说：“自从几年前以来，更多正宗的中国美食出现在意大利
和欧洲，提供了更多样化的选择和文化体验，深受人们的喜爱。”此处修饰动词appreciate，应用副词
truly，意为“真正地”。
76．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些客人下班后顺道来品尝红烧牛肉和竹笋配葡萄酒，而另一些人则留下来
和朋友聊天。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示下班后顺道来餐厅的目的是品尝葡萄酒，所以用to 
enjoy。
77．考查动词时态。句意：去年中秋节，王和曾准备了月饼，邀请意大利顾客品尝这种传统的中国甜点，
并了解其象征家庭团聚和幸福的意义。根据时间状语“On the Mid-Autumn Day last year”可知，此处描述过
去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，prepare 的过去式为prepared。
78．考查冠词。句意：去年中秋节，王和曾准备了月饼，邀请意大利顾客品尝这种传统的中国甜点，并了
解其象征家庭团聚和幸福的意义。此处特指上文提到的月饼这种传统中国甜点，所以用定冠词the。
拔高·阅读演练
（2026·浙江·三模）The Amazon rainforest may be shifting from a massive carbon sink to a net carbon 
emitter. Since 1985, human activity has destroyed more than 10% of the Amazon's forest cover, releasing 
substantial amounts of CO2 previously sequestered in trees and soil. Deforestation through fires releases 1.5 
billion tonnes of CO2 annually, driving climate warming. Vegetation changes alter atmospheric composition, 
surface reflectivity, and cloud properties, which can either intensify or slow warming.  The replacement of dark 
forest cover by brighter grasses increases  surface reflectivity, leading to more reflection of solar radiation, though 
weaker than in snow-covered regions. Among these, how clouds respond to forest loss remains the least 
understood.
Previous studies on cloud cover yielded conflicting results: some reported reductions after deforestation, 
while others reported increases. This difference arises from strong regional and seasonal variations. Notably, prior 
studies examined long-term associations rather than immediate deforestation impacts such as fire aerosols. To 
resolve this, Dror and Feingold analyzed two decades of MODIS and CERES satellite data, comparing deforested 
regions with nearby undisturbed areas. Their findings reveal that cloud cover rises systematically with 
deforestation year-round,peaking during the dry season. In areas where forest loss surpassed 50%, cloud cover 
grew by 3.1% on average,reaching 5.1% in the most heavily cleared zones.
Moreover, cloud tops sat at lower altitudes over cleared lands. These low-altitude clouds enhanced 
reflection of incoming solar radiation rather than trapping outgoing heat. The resulting cooling effect from this 
cloud increase proved at least twice as strong as that from surface reflectivity changes alone.
While increased cloudiness thus reduces part of the CO2-driven warming, other factors like non-CO2 
greenhouse gases remain uncertain. and aerosols such as methane and ozone remain uncertain, with either 
warming or cooling effects through complex pathways. Current evidence suggests that even combined biophysical 
effects cannot fully cancel out the warming. Therefore, maintaining and restoring Amazon forest cover remains 
essential for climate protection.
1．What does the underlined word“sequestered” in paragraph 1 most probably mean?
A．Stored.
B．Produced.
C．Released.
D．Transformed.
2．How did Dror and Feingold carry out their study?
A．By measuring CO2 levels in heavily cleared forest areas.
B．By conducting ground surveys of vegetation in Amazon areas.
C．By analyzing seasonal rainfall patterns across Amazon regions.
D．By comparing satellite data between cleared and undisturbed areas.
3．What accounts for the stronger cooling effect over cleared lands?
A．Greater ground reflectivity from grasses. B．More trapping of outgoing heat by low clouds.
C．Higher altitude of cloud tops over cleared lands.
D．Lower cloud tops reflecting more solar radiation.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Cloud feedback alone stabilizes climate.
B．Future drying will enhance cloud cooling.
C．Biophysical factors lead to ineffective results.
D．Forest restoration is essential despite partial cooling.
【答案】1．A    2．D    3．D    4．D
【导语】本文介绍亚马孙雨林正从碳汇逐渐转变为碳排放源，阐述了毁林带来的气候变化、地表及云层变
化，通过科研数据说明森林减少导致云层变化产生的降温效果，并指出该降温作用无法抵消整体气候变暖，
强调保护和修复亚马孙雨林的重要性。
【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Since 1985, human activity has destroyed more than 10% of the 
Amazon's forest cover, releasing substantial amounts of CO2 previously sequestered in trees and soil(自1985 年
以来，人类活动已经破坏了亚马逊森林覆盖面积的10%以上，释放大量原本sequestered 在树木和土壤中的
二氧化碳)”可知，树木和土壤原本具备储存二氧化碳的作用，砍伐森林使得储存的二氧化碳被释放，
sequestered 意为“储存”。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“To resolve this, Dror and Feingold analyzed two decades of MODIS and CERES 
satellite data, comparing deforested regions with nearby undisturbed areas(为了解决这个问题，Dror 和
Feingold 分析了二十年的卫星数据，对比森林砍伐区域与附近未受干扰区域)”可知，两位研究者通过对比采
伐区和未采伐区的卫星数据开展研究。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Moreover, cloud tops sat at lower altitudes over cleared lands. These low-
altitude clouds enhanced reflection of incoming solar radiation rather than trapping outgoing heat.(此外，采伐区
域的云顶高度更低，这些低空云层能够更好地反射太阳辐射，而非截留热量)”可知，更低的云顶反射更多
太阳辐射，形成更强的降温效果。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Current evidence suggests that even combined biophysical effects cannot fully 
cancel out the warming. Therefore, maintaining and restoring Amazon forest cover remains essential for climate 
protection(现有证据表明，即使综合所有生物物理效应也无法完全抵消气候变暖，因此维护和恢复亚马孙
雨林对气候保护至关重要)”可知，即便云层能带来局部降温，修复雨林依旧必不可少。
（2026·浙江·三模）Within the scientific community, dreams are still something of a mystery. However, 
improvements in brain imaging and recent physiological studies have brought us one step closer to answering the 
question of why some people remember their dreams more than others.     5    Gender
    6     Researchers arent exactly sure why, but Barrett says it could be a biological or hormonal difference. 
Barrett notes that differences between  men and women in regard to dream recall are“modest” and that there are 
greater differences within each gender than between the genders.Age
As we get older, it often gets harder to recall our dreams. Your ability to remember dreams improves in late 
childhood and adolescence, and tends to peak in your twenties, Barrett says    7     However, there are 
exceptions,and people sometimes experience the opposite.Amount of sleep
The amount of sleep one gets is one of the most important factors.     8     However, those rapid eye 
movement periods get longer throughout the night, meaning that you’re doing the most dreaming toward the 
morning generally right before you wake up.Brain activity
Thanks to brain imaging, scientists now have a better idea of which parts of the brain are associated with 
dreaming. A part of the brain that processes information and emotions is more active in people who remember 
their dreams more often.     9     In turn, this may promote something called intrasleep ( 睡眠期间) 
wakefulness.
If you don’t remember anything, Barrett says it's still helpful to assess how you feel when you first awaken. 
“Sometimes if you just stay with whatever emotion you woke up with,” she says, “a dream will come rushing 
back.”
A．Dr. Deirdre Barrett shared a few of the factors.
B．Women, on average, recall more dreams than men.
C．So what can you do to help you remember your dreams?
D．This region may help people pay more attention to external cues.
E．Similarly, the “high recallers” tend to exhibit more brain activity.
F．After that point, people often experience a gradual drop-off in dream recall.
G．People dream every 90 minutes during the rapid eye movement sleep cycle.
【答案】5．A    6．B    7．F    8．G    9．D
【导语】本文介绍了科学界对“为什么有些人比其他人更容易记住梦境”这一问题的研究进展，从性别、
年龄、睡眠时间和大脑活动四个方面分析了影响梦境记忆的因素，并给出了帮助回忆梦境的小建议。
【详解】5．根据空前句“However, improvements in brain imaging and recent physiological studies have 
brought us one step closer to answering the question of why some people remember their dreams more than 
others.(然而，大脑成像技术的进步和近期的生理学研究让我们离解答“为什么有些人比其他人更容易记住
梦境”这个问题更近了一步。)”以及下文四个小标题（Gender、Age、Amount of sleep、Brain activity）均为
影响梦境记忆的因素可知，空处需起到承上启下的作用，引出下文的具体因素。A 选项“迪尔德丽·巴雷特
博士分享了其中几个因素。”完美衔接上下文，开启下文对各因素的介绍。
6．根据本段小标题“Gender(性别)”以及空后句“Researchers aren't exactly sure why, but Barrett says it could 
be a biological or hormonal difference.(研究人员并不完全确定原因，但巴雷特说这可能是生理或荷尔蒙差异
导致的。)”可知，空处需说明性别差异在梦境记忆上的具体表现。B 选项“平均而言，女性比男性记住更
多的梦境。”符合本段主题，且空后句是对该现象原因的解释，逻辑连贯。
7． 根据本段小标题“Age(年龄)”以及空前句“Your ability to remember dreams improves in late childhood 
and adolescence, and tends to peak in your twenties, Barrett says.(巴雷特说，你记住梦境的能力在童年后期和
青春期会提高，在二十多岁时达到顶峰。)”以及空后句“However, there are exceptions, and people 
sometimes experience the opposite.(然而，也有例外，有些人有时会经历相反的情况。)”可知，空处需说明
二十多岁之后梦境记忆能力的变化趋势。F 选项“在那之后，人们的梦境记忆能力通常会逐渐下降。”承
接空前句的“peak in your twenties”，且空后句的转折符合逻辑。
8．根据本段小标题“Amount of sleep(睡眠时间)”以及空后句“However, those rapid eye movement periods 
get longer throughout the night, meaning that you're doing the most dreaming toward the morning generally right 
before you wake up.(然而，这些快速眼动期在夜间会变得越来越长，这意味着你在清晨——通常是醒来之
前——做的梦最多。)”可知，空处需引出“快速眼动睡眠”与做梦的关系。G 选项“人们在快速眼动睡眠
周期中每90 分钟做一次梦。”首次提到快速眼动睡眠，且空后句的“those rapid eye movement periods”指
代该选项中的“rapid eye movement sleep cycle”，衔接紧密。
9．根据空前句“A part of the brain that processes information and emotions is more active in people who 
remember their dreams more often.(在经常记住梦境的人的大脑中，负责处理信息和情绪的区域更为活
跃。)”以及空后句“In turn, this may promote something called intrasleep(睡眠期间) wakefulness.(反过来，这
可能会促进一种叫做“睡眠中清醒”的状态。)”可知，空处需解释该大脑区域的活跃如何影响梦境记忆。D
选项“这个区域可能帮助人们更多地关注外部线索。”中的“This region”指代空前句中的大脑区域，且空
后句的“In turn”承接该选项内容，说明关注外部线索会促进睡眠中清醒，从而更容易记住梦境，逻辑链条
完整。
（2026·浙江·三模）At 56, I am beginning to feel the physical effects of ageing. I won’t bore you with the 
details, but none of them is great fun. Yet researchers now suggest that one of the most damaging effects may not 
be physical at all. It may begin with how people come to see ageing itself.
They call it internalised ageism: the tendency to hold negative expectations about one’s own health simply 
because of age. When older adults are repeatedly assumed to be slow, forgetful, or incapable of learning, such 
ideas do not always stay outside them. Over time, they can become part of how people see themselves. Once that 
happens, behaviour may change: a person who expects decline may exercise less, pay less attention to diet, and 
treat every sign of weakness as proof of something worse.
Research shows that internalised ageism can affect how people age. A Harvard study found that older 
adults with the most positive views showed slower physical and mental decline and kept healthier habits than 
those with the most negative views. Crucially, researchers ruled out the simpler explanation — poor health did not 
simply cause pessimism. Instead, a person’s attitude at the  start predicted how their health changed over time. 
Becca Levy at YaleSchool of Public Health found further support: among people over 65 with mild memory 
problems, those with a positive outlook were far more likely to recover. Her research also shows that such 
negative thinking generates over three million extra disease cases in the US each year, at a combined cost of over 
eleven billion dollars.
Yet internalised ageism doesn’t just come from within. Negative images of older people spread through the 
media, advertising, and even the advice of medical professionals. Because these messages appear so naturally in 
daily life, they are seldom questioned. By the time most people notice them, they have already taken root.
A partial answer exists. Research shows attitudes towards ageing can shift through positive messages. But 
changing deeply held beliefs takes generations, as the long struggle against racial prejudice shows. I’m not going to 
let it get me down. Instead, I’m going to try to make my own ageing process great fun.
10．What is the root cause of internalized ageism?
A．Less attention to exercise and diet.
B．Gradual loss of learning capability.
C．Constant fear over physical decline.
D．Repeated exposure to age prejudice.
11．What can we learn about ageing from the Harvard study?
A．Attitude affects the rate of ageing.
B．Pessimism results from faster ageing.
C．Mindset alone defines ageing process.
D．Healthy habits promise slower ageing.
12．Why is internalised ageism hard to change?
A．Its roots take time to appear.
B．It is backed by professionals.
C．Its sources are widely varied.
D．It is established as a social norm.
13．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Age Prejudice: A Long Battle for Society
B．The Elderly: A Group Misunderstood by Society
C．Social Messages: A Silent Force Behind Age Bias
D．Negative Expectations: A Hidden Threat in Ageing
【答案】10．D    11．A    12．D    13．D
【导语】本文指出内化年龄歧视（即因年龄而对自身健康持有负面预期）是衰老过程中极具破坏性的隐藏
威胁；研究表明积极的心态能延缓身心衰退，而负面思维会导致健康问题和巨大的社会成本；内化年龄歧
视源于社会广泛传播的负面老年形象，虽然改变这种观念需要时间，但我们可以通过积极的态度让衰老过
程变得更美好。
【详解】10．细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“They call it internalised ageism: the tendency to hold 
negative expectations about one's own health simply because of age. When older adults are repeatedly assumed 
to be slow, forgetful, or incapable of learning, such ideas do not always stay outside them.(他们称之为内化年龄
歧视：仅仅因为年龄就对自身健康持有负面预期的倾向。当老年人反复被认为行动迟缓、健忘或没有学习
能力时，这些观念并不总是停留在他们的外部。)”以及第四段第一句“Yet internalised ageism doesn’t just 
come from within. Negative images of older people spread through the media, advertising, and even the advice of 
medical professionals.(然而，内化年龄歧视并非仅仅源于内心。关于老年人的负面形象通过媒体、广告甚至
医疗专业人员的建议传播开来。)”可知，内化年龄歧视的根本原因是反复接触年龄偏见。
11． 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“A Harvard study found that older adults with the most positive views 
showed slower physical and mental decline and kept healthier habits than those with the most negative views.(哈
佛大学的一项研究发现，心态最积极的老年人比心态最消极的老年人身心衰退速度更慢，且能保持更健康
的习惯。)”可知，态度会影响衰老的速度。
12．推理判断题。根据第四段“Yet internalised ageism doesn't just come from within. Negative images of older 
people spread through the media, advertising, and even the advice of medical professionals. Because these 
messages appear so naturally in daily life, they are seldom questioned. By the time most people notice them, they 
have already taken root.(然而，内化年龄歧视并非仅仅源于内心。关于老年人的负面形象通过媒体、广告甚
至医疗专业人员的建议传播开来。因为这些信息在日常生活中显得如此自然，所以很少有人质疑它们。当
大多数人注意到它们的时候，它们已经根深蒂固了。)”以及第五段第二句“But changing deeply held beliefs 
takes generations, as the long struggle against racial prejudice shows.(但改变根深蒂固的观念需要几代人的时间，
正如反对种族偏见的长期斗争所表明的那样。)”可知，内化年龄歧视难以改变是因为它已经成为一种被广
泛接受的社会规范。
13．主旨大意题。全文围绕“内化年龄歧视”展开，指出它是衰老过程中极具破坏性的隐藏威胁，分析了
其成因、危害和应对方法。D 项“负面预期：衰老中的隐藏威胁”最能概括文章主旨。
（2026·浙江·二模）The storied, celebrated Alcatraz and Black Point Historic Gardens in Golden Gate National 
Recreation Area owe their charm to skilled Parks Conservancy gardeners and dedicated volunteers. Now you can 
apply their national park expertise to your own backyard!Top Winter Gardening & Planting Tips for the San 
Francisco Bay Area
● Resist working in the garden on a rainy day — air pockets are a very important part of the recipe for healthy soil 
and plants, and working in your garden when it’s very wet will firm your soil.
● Double check your seedling identification during weeding! Desired plants can look similar to invasive weeds 
during their seedling stage.
● Keep fallen leaves on the ground. They provide important shelter for butterflies and moths in the winter, and 
keep the soil covered and protected through the season.
● See if there’s a way to install a rainwater catchment into your garden.
● Make notes now of how your garden did this year — what plants did well, what struggled, what you’d like to try 
for next year.
Recommended California Native Plants
Plant native wildflowers and perennials (多年生植物); they’re perfectly adapted to our local climate and 
support our native ecosystems. If you plant them with the winter rains, they’ll be strong and need minimal care 
throughout the rest of the year.
Some of our favorite native plants for the garden include: Clarkia “Farewell to Spring,” Baby Blue Eyes, Globe Gilia, 
Ceanothus “Yankee Point,” Coyote Mint, California Fuchsia, Yarrow, Heuchera maxima, Douglas Iris, and of course 
California Poppy.Get Involved
Ready to take your newfound skills to the parks? No matter the season, Black Point Historic Gardens needs 
extra hands and volunteering support, or you can become a guide on Alcatraz. Trowels up, in the parks and at 
home!
14．What can we learn from the winter gardening tips?
A．Garden growth need not be recorded.
B．Fallen leaves ought to be cleared away.
C．Working in wet soil helps keep soil loose. D．Weed carefully to protect desired seedlings.
15．What is the advantage of planting California native plants?
A．They demand less care in later growth. B．They fit in well with the local climate.
C．They needn’t match local ecosystem.
D．They grow much faster than other plants.
16．Where is the text most likely taken from?
A．A local gardening newsletter.
B．A home decoration magazine.
C．A national park research paper.
D．A travel brochure of scenic spots.
【答案】14．D    15．B    16．A
【导语】本文是一篇面向旧金山湾区居民的冬季家庭园艺指导文章，教你怎么在冬天打理后院花园，推荐
种本地原生植物，同时也在为当地国家公园招志愿者。
【详解】14．细节理解题。根据Top Winter Gardening & Planting Tips for the San Francisco Bay Area 部分
“Double check your seedling identification during weeding! Desired plants can look similar to invasive weeds 
during their seedling stage.(在除草时要再次确认你的幼苗种类！在幼苗阶段，目标植物和入侵杂草可能会长
得非常相似。)”可知，要仔细除草，以保护想要的幼苗。
15．细节理解题。根据Recommended California Native Plants 部分的“Plant native wildflowers and 
perennials (多年生植物); they’re perfectly adapted to our local climate and support our native ecosystems.(种植
本地的野生花卉和多年生植物；它们非常适合我们当地的气候，能够支持我们当地的生态系统。)”可知，
种植加州本土植物的优势是它们十分适应当地的气候。
16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The storied, celebrated Alcatraz and Black Point Historic Gardens 
in Golden Gate National Recreation Area owe their charm to skilled Parks Conservancy gardeners and dedicated 
volunteers. Now you can apply their national park expertise to your own backyard!(金门国家休闲区中久负盛名、
备受赞誉的恶魔岛和黑角历史花园，其魅力归功于技艺精湛的公园保护协会园丁和敬业的志愿者。现在，
您可以将他们的国家公园专业知识应用到您自己的后院了！)”可知，本文是一篇面向旧金山湾区居民的冬
季家庭园艺指导文章，教你怎么在冬天打理后院花园，推荐种本地原生植物，同时也在为当地国家公园招
志愿者，很可能来自于本地园艺通讯。
（2026·浙江·二模）Small Talk: More Than Just Chit-Chat
People often complain about small talk, describing it as “painful” or “dishonest”.    17    However, this 
common opinion fails to recognize the true value of small talk in our daily interactions.
As a matter of fact, small talk serves as an essential social “safety zone”.    18    According to etiquette 
expert Lizzie Post, discussing light topics like hobbies or recent events establishes initial harmony. This foundation 
makes it easier to transition to more substantial conversations later, whether in a work setting or a new friendship.
Some argue that small talk is boring, but this often reflects poor communication skills rather than a flaw in 
the activity itself. Effective small talk requires genuine engagement.    19    This means putting away your 
phone, making eye contact, and actively turning into the other person’s reactions. If they lean in and smile at a 
topic, you can explore it further; if they glance away or give short answers, politely shift to a new topic or invite 
them to share their own perspective.
   20    During a two-hour flight, I began with simple talk about travel plans with my seatmate. Gradually, 
both of us felt more comfortable opening up to each other. This casual start eventually led to a meaningful 
discussion about life changes and personal growth. We reached this depth precisely because we started with 
accessible, low-pressure topics.
Small talk isn’t about being superficial — it’s a practical social tool that facilitates human connection.    21 
In fact, it smooths our daily social encounters and opens doors to deeper conversations that might never occur 
otherwise. Without these simple, everyday exchanges, our social interactions would feel much more awkward and 
less satisfying.
A．Its value, however, is often overlooked.
B．It demands full presence and careful observation of the other person.
C．They generally claim it lacks depth and avoids meaningful topics.
D．Consider this real-life example from my own experience.
E．Good small talk depends on more than just the words you say.
F．Without proper skills, small talk can feel shallow and forced.
G．It creates a comfortable atmosphere before deep conversations begin.
【答案】17．C    18．G    19．B    20．D    21．A
【导语】文章主要阐述闲聊并非空谈，拥有重要社交价值。
【详解】17．上文“People often complain about small talk, describing it as “painful” or “dishonest”. (人们常常
抱怨闲聊，称它令人煎熬或是虚情假意)”点明人们对闲聊的负面看法，下文“However, this common opinion 
fails to recognize the true value of small talk (然而这种普遍看法忽视了闲聊的真正价值)”转折引出闲聊的价值。
空处延续人们的负面观点，C 选项“They generally claim it lacks depth and avoids meaningful topics. (他们大多
声称闲聊缺少深度、避开有意义的话题)”承接上文抱怨内容，和下文转折逻辑匹配。
18．上文“As a matter of fact, small talk serves as an essential social “safety zone”. (事实上闲聊是重要的社交
安全区)”提出闲聊的作用，下文“According to etiquette expert Lizzie Post, discussing light topics like hobbies or 
recent events establishes initial harmony. This foundation makes it easier to transition to more substantial 
conversations later, whether in a work setting or a new friendship. (礼仪专家Lizzie Post 表示，聊聊爱好、近期
趣事这类轻松话题能初步营造融洽氛围。有了这份铺垫，日后无论是职场往来还是结交新朋友，都更容易
过渡到更有实质内容的深入交谈)”举例说明闲聊铺垫融洽氛围、便于后续深入交谈。G 选项“It creates a 
comfortable atmosphere before deep conversations begin. (它在深度对话开始前营造轻松氛围)”承接上文
“safety zone”，引出下文铺垫交谈的具体作用。
19．上文“Effective small talk requires genuine engagement. (高质量闲聊需要真诚投入)”点明有效闲聊的要求，
下文“This means putting away your phone, making eye contact, and actively turning into the other person’s 
reactions. (这意味着要收起你的手机，进行眼神交流，并积极关注对方的反应)”是对空处内容的具体解释。
B 选项“It demands full presence and careful observation of the other person. (它需要全身心投入、细心观察对
方)”总领下文细节解释，符合语境。
20．下文“During a two-hour flight, I began with simple talk about travel plans with my seatmate. Gradually, 
both of us felt more comfortable opening up to each other. This casual start eventually led to a meaningful 
discussion about life changes and personal growth. (在一次两小时的航程中，我和邻座从聊聊出行计划这类简
单闲谈开始。慢慢地，我们二人愈发放松，愿意向彼此敞开心扉。这场随性的开场白最终演变成一场关于
人生变迁与个人成长的走心畅谈)”用第一人称叙述亲身经历。空处应是从理论转向实例的过渡句。D 选项
“Consider this real-life example from my own experience. (来看一段我亲身经历的实例)”总起整段事例内容，
衔接上下文。
21．上文“Small talk isn’t about being superficial — it’s a practical social tool that facilitates human connection. 
(闲聊并非流于表面，是助力人际交往的实用社交工具)”点明闲聊的正面价值，下文“In fact, it smooths our 
daily social encounters and opens doors to deeper conversations that might never occur otherwise. (事实上，闲
聊能让我们日常的社交往来变得顺畅，还为深入交流创造契机，倘若没有闲聊，这些深度对话原本无从发
生)”进一步阐述其实际作用。空处应与上文正面论述形成对比，再由下文转折回正面。A 选项“Its value, 
however, is often overlooked. (但它的价值常常被忽略)”转折衔接，既呼应开篇人们的偏见，又引出下文闲聊
的实际用处。
二、完形填空
（2026·浙江·三模）True was a four-year-old boy. Born with heart disease requiring     22    , he spent 
his earliest years in foster (寄养) care. On his operation day at Children’s Nebraska hospital, True was admitted for 
the surgery by himself.
That’s when Dr. Amy Beethe walked in. True’s 7-hour surgery made Amy keep thinking about the sweet little 
kid who was     23     it all by himself.
Dr. Amy     24     True’s case worker and learned he had six siblings (兄弟姐妹), none of whom were 
doing well. Few families were willing to offer a     25     home for True considering his demanding medical 
needs.
Then the social worker asked Amy: Are you a(n)     26    ? The answer was already in Amy’s heart. She 
was      27     a mom of six — three biological and three     28    . But she knew her family, and her 
heart, had     29     for one more.
When Amy’s husband, Ryan,     30     True in the hospital, he immediately fell in love with him — and 
the 4-year-old      31     the Beethe family.
Something even more     32     followed. The Beethes realized how close True was with his siblings, so 
Amy sought to find them foster homes to keep the kids     33    . Amy’s sister adopted one girl, her sister-in-
law’s family adopted another, a coworker adopted two more, and Amy and Ryan opened their     34     and 
home again to adopt True’s sister Laney.
The little boy     35     the hospital alone for heart surgery, but he left with a     36     — and a 
heart full of love.
22．A．transplant
B．surgery
C．protection
D．consultation
23．A．talking about
B．looking for
C．going through
D．showing off
24．A．supported
B．recognized
C．contacted
D．identified
25．A．comfortable
B．peaceful
C．spacious
D．permanent
26．A．option
B．assistant
C．doctor
D．witness
27．A．currently
B．naturally
C．unfortunately
D．obviously
28．A．confused
B．adopted
C．abandoned
D．ignored
29．A．plans
B．excuses
C．room
D．responsibility
30．A．followed
B．admired
C．treated
D．met
31．A．helped
B．called
C．joined
D．respected
32．A．complicated
B．remarkable
C．interesting
D．strange
33．A．amused
B．calmed
C．educated
D．connected
34．A．door
B．mouths
C．hearts
D．hospital
35．A．entered
B．explored
C．changed
D．survived
36．A．dream
B．family
C．souvenir
D．lesson
【答案】
22．B    23．C    24．C    25．D    26．A    27．A    28．B    29．C    30．D    31．C    
32．B    33．D    34．C    35．A    36．B
【导语】本文讲述了四岁的男孩True 因心脏病独自住院手术，医生Amy 得知他还有六个兄弟姐妹后，决定
收养他，并动员亲友把其余孩子也分别收养。
【详解】22．考查名词。句意：他生来就患有心脏病，需要做手术，他早年是在寄养家庭度过的。A. 
transplant 移植；B. surgery 手术；C. protection 保护；D. consultation 咨询。根据后文“On his operation day 
at Children’s Nebraska hospital, True was admitted for the surgery by himself.”可知，他独自去做手术，因此他
患有心脏病，需要做手术。
23．考查动词短语。句意：True 长达7 小时的手术让Amy 一直惦记着那个独自经历这一切的可爱孩子。A. 
talking about 谈论；B. looking for 寻找；C. going through 经历；D. showing off 炫耀。根据前文“True was 
admitted for the surgery by himself”可知，True 自己一个人去接受这个手术，故他是独自经历这一切的。
24．考查动词。句意：Amy 医生联系了True 的社工，得知他有六个兄弟姐妹，没有一个过得很好。A. 
supported 支持；B. recognized 认出；C. contacted 联系；D. identified 确认。根据后文“learned he had six 
siblings”可知，他从社工那里了解到True 有六个兄弟姐妹，因此她需要先联系社工才能了解到这一信息。
25．考查形容词。句意：考虑到True 复杂的医疗需求，很少有家庭愿意为他提供一个永久的家。A. 
comfortable 舒适的；B. peaceful 平静的；C. spacious 宽敞的；D. permanent 永久的。根据上文“he spent his 
earliest years in foster (寄养) care.”可知，住在寄宿家庭，且鉴于他生病这一事实，因此很少有家庭愿意为他
提供一个永久的家。
26．考查名词。句意：然后社工问Amy：你是一个选择吗？A. option 选择；B. assistant 助理；C. doctor 医
生；D. witness 证人。根据后文“The answer was already in Amy’s heart.”以及“When Amy’s husband, Ryan,   
True in the hospital, he immediately fell in love with him — and the 4-year-old   the Beethe family.”可知，答案
已经在Amy 心中，且后文提到她和她的丈夫收养了True，故此处指社工问“你是一个选择吗？”,即“你
可以给他提供一个永久的家吗？”
27．考查副词。句意：答案已经在Amy 心中。她目前是六个孩子的母亲——三个亲生的，三个收养的。A. 
currently 目前；B. naturally 自然地；C. unfortunately 不幸地；D. obviously 明显地。根据后文“But she knew 
her family, and her heart, had for one more.”中的转折可推知，此处介绍的是她目前的状态——目前她是六
个孩子的母亲。
28．考查形容词。句意同上。A. confused 困惑的；B. adopted 收养的；C. abandoned 被遗弃的；D. ignored
被忽视的。根据前文“a mom of six — three biological”可知，六个孩子，三个是亲生的，那相对应的，另外
三个就是收养的。
29．考查名词。句意：但她知道，她的家庭和她的心，还有空间再容纳一个孩子。A. plans 计划；B. 
excuses 借口；C. room 空间；D. responsibility 责任。根据后文“Amy and Ryan opened their and home again 
to adopt True’s sister Laney.”可知，后文提到Amy 和她的丈夫又一次收养了True 的姐姐Laney，故此处指他
们愿意收养True，因此尽管Amy 已经有六个孩子，但她的家庭和她的心仍然有空间再容纳一个孩子。
30．考查动词。句意：当Amy 的丈夫Ryan 在医院见到True 时，他立刻喜欢上了他——因此这个4 岁的孩
子加入了Beethe 一家。A. followed 跟随；B. admired 钦佩；C. treated 治疗；D. met 遇见。根据后文“he 
immediately fell in love with him”可知，Ryan 立刻喜欢上了True，因此是当Ryan 在医院见到True 的时候，第
一眼就喜欢上了他。
31．考查动词。句意同上。A. helped 帮助；B. called 打电话；C. joined 加入；D. respected 尊重。根据后文
“Amy and Ryan opened their and home again to adopt True’s sister Laney.”可知，后文提到Amy 和她的丈夫又
一次收养了True 的姐姐Laney，故此处指他们收养了True，因此True 成为了这个家庭的一员，加入了这个
家庭。
32．考查形容词。句意：更了不起的事情随之而来。A. complicated 复杂的；B. remarkable 了不起的，非凡
的；C. interesting 有趣的；D. strange 奇怪的。根据后文“The Beethes realized how close True was with his 
siblings, so Amy sought to find them foster homes to keep the kids . Amy’s sister adopted one girl, her sister-in-
law’s family adopted another, a coworker adopted two more, and Amy and Ryan opened their and home again to 
adopt True’s sister Laney.”可知，Amy 将True 的所有兄弟姐妹都安排到亲友家收养，这是非常了不起的。
33．考查动词。句意：Beethe 一家意识到True 和他的兄弟姐妹们关系非常亲密，所以Amy 设法为他们寻
找寄养家庭，让孩子们保持联系。A. amused 使开心；B. calmed 使平静；C. educated 教育；D. connected 使
有联系。根据上文“The Beethes realized how close True was with his siblings”可知，True 和他的兄弟姐妹们
关系非常亲密，因此要保持联系。
34．考查名词。句意：Amy 的姐姐收养了一个女孩，她嫂子的家庭收养了另一个，一个同事又收养了两个，
Amy 和Ryan 再次敞开心扉和家门，收养了True 的妹妹Laney。A. door 门；B. mouths 嘴；C. hearts 心；D. 
hospital 医院。根据上文“her heart, had for one more.”可知，此处指敞开心扉，又收养了True 的妹妹
Laney。
35．考查动词。句意：这个小男孩独自进入医院做心脏手术，但他离开时拥有了一个家庭——以及一颗充
满爱的心。A. entered 进入；B. explored 探索；C. changed 改变；D. survived 幸存。根据第一段“True was 
admitted for the surgery by himself.”中的“admitted”可知，此处指进入医院接受手术。
36．考查名词。 句意同上。A. dream 梦想；B. family 家庭；C. souvenir 纪念品；D. lesson 教训。根据前文
“and the 4-year-old the Beethe family”可知，Amy 和她的丈夫收养了这个小男孩，因此他来医院的时候是
独自一人，离开的时候却拥有了一个家庭。
（2026·江苏·二模）I have always been indecisive when it came to travel. I’d watch endless videos of 
destinations and read scores of     37     online. But more often than not,     38     fell far short of what 
was promised. The colourful images I’d come across online would turn out to be totally disappointing in real life.
So, a year ago, I made a change. I banned myself from too much     39     for a trip. Instead, I chose an 
area I wanted to     40    . I couldn’t rely on my phone. It wasn’t easy at first. I felt rudderless (漫无目的的) 
without my phone to guide me while wandering through     41     neighbourhoods. I was so accustomed to   
42     every detail about each place I visited and without that, I was exposed.
But that’s exactly why it’s so fun. Going in unprepared opens you up to     43    . Without being glued 
to directions on my phone, I was     44     so much more of my surroundings, noticing details that would 
otherwise have     45     passed me by.
Travelling without planning has made me more     46     with making decisions. I no longer     47  
if the view isn’t as breathtaking as in the photos — because I’m not comparing my     48     to anyone else’s.
Trying to have the     49     holiday is no longer the point for me; it’s about living in the present and 
making good     50    . And in an era where we can see the best of everything through our phones, it’s been 
totally     51     to have an experience that’s entirely mine.
37．A．newsletters
B．reviews
C．ebooks
D．notices
38．A．reality
B．bookings
C．demand
D．objectives
39．A．budget
B．longing
C．planning
D．luggage
40．A．conserve
B．occupy
C．explore
D．rejuvenate
41．A．unfriendly
B．ethnic
C．peaceful
D．unknown
42．A．creating
B．knowing
C．assessing
D．modifying
43．A．surprises
B．routines
C．duties
D．traps
44．A．laying out
B．relying on
C．taking in
D．cleaning up
45．A．purposely
B．fortunately
C．completely
D．temporarily
46．A．comfortable
B．stuck
C．patient
D．concerned
47．A．bear
B．care
C．feel
D．see
48．A．wealth
B．experience
C．achievement
D．health
49．A．luxurious
B．secure
C．casual
D．perfect
50．A．excuses
B．investments
C．predictions
D．memories
51．A．hesitant
B．freeing
C．plain
D．demanding
【答案】
37．B    38．A    39．C    40．C    41．D    42．B    43．A    44．C    45．C    46．A    
47．B    48．B    49．D    50．D    51．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者自己从前旅行前会做大量攻略，却常感现实与预期落差大，后来改变方式，
不做过多规划去旅行，收获了不一样的体验与成长。
【详解】37．考查名词。句意：我会看无数的目的地视频，还会在网上看大量的评论。A. newsletters 时事
通讯；B. reviews 评论；C. ebooks 电子书；D. notices 通知。根据后文“The colourful images I’d come across 
online would turn out to be totally disappointing in real life.”可知，作者旅行前会做很多功课，看目的地视频、
网上的评论，但结果现实常让他失望。
38．考查名词。句意：但现实往往远不如承诺的那样好。A. reality 现实；B. bookings 预订；C. demand 需求；
D. objectives 目标。根据后文“The colourful images I’d come across online would turn out to be totally 
disappointing in real life.”可知，网上看到的内容很美好，但现实情况让人失望，即现实和预期有落差。
39．考查名词。句意：我禁止自己为一次旅行做太多规划。A. budget 预算；B. longing 渴望；C. planning 规
划；D. luggage 行李。根据后文“Travelling without planning has made me more with making decisions.”可知，
由于在网上看到的预期和现实之间的差距，让作者改变了做法，不再为旅行做过多“规划”。
40．考查动词。句意：相反，我选择了一个我想去探索的地方。A. conserve 保护；B. occupy 占据；C. 
explore 探索；D. rejuvenate 使恢复活力。根据前文“Instead, I chose an area I wanted to”可知，作者选一个
想要去的地方旅行，也就是去探索这个地方。
41．考查形容词。句意：在陌生的街区闲逛时，没有手机指引我，我感到漫无目的。A. unfriendly 不友好的；
B. ethnic 种族的；C. peaceful 和平的；D. unknown 陌生的。根据前文“Instead, I chose an area I wanted to . I 
couldn’t rely on my phone. It wasn’t easy at first.”可知，作者去了一个想去的地方，并且不做规划，不依赖手
机，所以在陌生的街区会感到漫无目的。
42．考查动词。句意：我习惯了了解我去过的每个地方的每一个细节，没有了这些，我就无所适从了。A. 
creating 创造；B. knowing 了解；C. assessing 评估；D. modifying 修改。根据前文作者旅行前会看大量视频、
评论，以及后文“every detail about each place I visited and without that, I was exposed.”可知，作者从前习惯
了提前了解要去的地方的细节，现在不做规划，就不适应了。
43．考查名词。句意：毫无准备地出发会给你带来惊喜。A. surprises 惊喜；B. routines 常规；C. duties 职责；
D. traps 陷阱。根据后文“Without being glued to directions on my phone, I was so much more of my 
surroundings, noticing details that would otherwise have passed me by.”可知，不做规划旅行很有趣，会让作
者注意到很多细节，因此会带来惊喜。
44．考查动词短语。句意：不用盯着手机上的导航，我能更多地欣赏周围的环境，注意到那些原本会完全
被我忽略的细节。A. laying out 展示；B. relying on 依赖；C. taking in 欣赏，领略；D. cleaning up 清理。根据
后文“so much more of my surroundings, noticing details”可知，作者不看手机导航，能更好地欣赏周围环境，
注意到细节。
45．考查副词。句意同上。A. purposely 故意地；B. fortunately 幸运地；C. completely 完全地；D. 
temporarily 暂时地。根据前文“Without being glued to directions on my phone, I was  so much more of my 
surroundings, noticing details that would otherwise have”可知，如果作者像从前一样依赖手机做规划，周围
的这些环境和细节就会完全被他忽略。
46．考查形容词。句意：没有计划的旅行让我更能从容地做决定。A. comfortable 自在的，从容的；B. stuck
被困的；C. patient 耐心的；D. concerned 关心的。根据前文作者从前旅行时优柔寡断，以及后文“I no 
longer if the view isn’t as breathtaking as in the photos”可知，现在作者不做规划旅行，也不再去在意风景是
否不如照片中那么令人惊叹，因此变得能从容做决定了。
47．考查动词。句意：我不再在意风景是否不如照片中那么令人惊叹——因为我不会把自己的经历和别人
的比较。A. bear 忍受；B. care 在意；C. feel 感觉；D. see 看见。根据后文“because I’m not comparing my to 
anyone else’s.”可知，作者心态变了，不会把自己的经历和别人的比较，因此不再在意风景是否和照片一样
美。
48．考查名词。句意同上。A. wealth 财富；B. experience 经历；C. achievement 成就；D. health 健康。根据
前文“I no longer if the view isn’t as breathtaking as in the photos”可知，作者是去其他地方旅行，且现在不
会在意风景是否不如照片中那么令人惊叹，因此也不会将自己的旅行经历和别人的(比如网上看到的)相比
较了。
49．考查形容词。句意：试图拥有完美的假期对我来说不再是重点；重点是活在当下，创造美好的回忆。
A. luxurious 奢侈的；B. secure 安全的；C. casual 随意的；D. perfect 完美的。根据前文作者从前追求和网上
一样美好的风景，现在心态改变，以及“is no longer the point for me”可知，作者不再追求完美的假期。
50．考查名词。句意同上。A. excuses 借口；B. investments 投资；C. predictions 预测；D. memories 回忆。
根据前文“it’s about living in the present and making good .”可知，作者现在旅行注重活在当下，不再去比较，
只注重创造美好回忆。
51．考查形容词。句意：在这个我们可以通过手机看到一切最好的东西的时代，拥有一段完全属于自己的
经历是完全令人解脱的。A. hesitant 犹豫的；B. freeing 令人解脱的；C. plain 朴素的；D. demanding 要求高
的。根据前文作者的经历，不做规划旅行让他心态变好，以及空后“to have an experience that’s entirely 
mine.”可知，拥有完全属于自己的旅行经历是令人解脱的，不再去跟他人比较。
（2026·广东佛山·模拟预测）Everyone knows that science is important. The aim of science is to     52  
how the world, everything in it and beyond it, works. Some people,     53    , claim that much of what is done 
in the name of science is a waste of time and money. What is the     54     in investigating how atoms behave 
or in studying stars billions of kilometres away? Science, they argue, is     55     only if it has some practical 
application.
Yet history shows that curiosity-driven research often leads to     56     breakthroughs. When the 
Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell     57     experiments with electricity and magnetism in the late 19th 
century, he had no specific end in     58     and was certainly not     59     to earn money; he was simply 
trying to understand more about how the world works. Despite this, his work laid the     60     for our 
modern way of life. Computers, satellites, the Internet, mobile phones and medical scanners all owe their 
existence to the fact that a scientist     61     the need to understand the world a little better.
Maxwell's candle-lit laboratory was quiet once more, but the ideas he sparked continue to     62    our 
world. Now more students     63     to ask questions without obvious answers. Such curiosity     64 
 
seeds that may take years, decades or even centuries to bear fruits. Every experiment, every observation, every 
failure brings us closer to understanding. The value of science lies not only in what it produces but in the     65  
it shapes.
And that, ultimately, is the     66     of science.
52．A．set up
B．figure out
C．carry out
D．make up
53．A．therefore
B．moreover
C．however
D．likewise
54．A．cause
B．outcome
C．point
D．basis
55．A．stable
B．profitable
C．available
D．valuable
56．A．unexpected
B．huge
C．little
D．limited
57．A．conducted
B．invented
C．learned
D．designed
58．A．need
B．mind
C．hand
D．sight
59．A．instructed
B．trained
C．practicing
D．aiming
60．A．conclusion
B．foundation
C．source
D．theory
61．A．met
B．avoided
C．chose
D．felt
62．A．darken
B．rule
C．light
D．decorate
63．A．hesitate
B．pretend
C．dare
D．refuse
64．A．plants
B．removes
C．destroys
D．collects
65．A．mindset
B．competition
C．cooperation
D．history
66．A．challenge
B．example
C．proof
D．significance
【答案】
52．B    53．C    54．C    55．D    56．A    57．A    58．B    59．D    60．B    61．D    
62．C    63．C    64．A    65．A    66．D
【导语】文章讨论科学的价值，指出纯好奇驱动的基础研究也能带来突破，阐释科学的真正意义。
【详解】52．考查动词短语。句意：科学的目的是弄清楚世界、世间万物以及外部世界如何运作。A. set 
up 建立；B. figure out 弄清楚；C. carry out 执行；D. make up 编造。根据上文“The aim of science”和常识可
知，科学的本质是探究、弄懂世界运行规律。
53．考查副词。句意：然而，有些人声称许多以科学之名开展的工作是在浪费时间和金钱。A. therefore 因
此；B. moreover 此外；C. however 然而；D. likewise 同样地。前文“
Everyone knows that science is 
important. ”和后文“claim that much of what is done in the name of science is a waste of time and money.”是转
折关系，用however 连接。
54．考查名词。句意：研究原子的运动方式或研究数十亿公里外的恒星有什么意义呢？A. cause 原因；B. 
outcome 结果；C. point 意义；D. basis 基础。根据下文“they argue, is ____ only if it has some practical 
application.”可知，有人质疑这些研究的意义，固定句型What is the point in doing sth.意为“做某事有什么
意义”。
55．考查形容词。句意：他们认为，科学只有具备实际用途时才有价值。A. stable 稳定的；B. profitable 盈
利的；C. available 可获得的；D. valuable 有价值的。根据后文“only if it has some practical application.”推测，
一些人认为科学需实用才有价值。
56．考查形容词。句意：然而历史表明，好奇心驱动的研究往往会带来意想不到的突破。A. unexpected 意
想不到的；B. huge 巨大的；C. little 微小的；D. limited 有限的。根据后文麦克斯韦无目的研究却催生现代科
技可知，这类研究的突破是意料之外的。
57．考查动词。句意：苏格兰物理学家詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦在19 世纪末开展了电学和磁学实验，他没
有特定的目的，当然也不是为了赚钱。A. conducted 实施；开展；B. invented 发明；C. learned 学习；D. 
designed 设计。根据后文“experiments”可知，此处指开展实验。
58．考查名词。句意同上。A. need 需要；B. mind 心思；C. hand 手；D. sight 视线。根据后文“
he was 
simply trying to understand more about how the world works”推测，开始作实验时他没有具体的目标，固定搭
配have sth. in mind 意为“心中有目标、有想法”。
59．考查动词。句意同上。A. instructed 指示；B. trained 训练；C. practicing 练习；D. aiming 旨在；力求。
根据下文“he was simply trying to understand more about how the world works”可知，他作实验的目的也不是
为了赚钱。
60．考查名词。句意：尽管如此，他的研究为我们的现代生活方式奠定了基础。A. conclusion 结论；B. 
foundation 基础；C. source 来源；D. theory 理论。根据下文“Computers, satellites, the Internet, mobile 
phones and medical scanners all owe their existence to the fact that a scientist ____ the need to understand the 
world a little better.”可知，他的研究为现代生活方式奠定了基础，固定搭配lay the foundation for 意为
“为……奠定基础”。
61．考查动词。句意：计算机、卫星、互联网等事物的存在，都归功于这位科学家感到有必要更好地理解
世界的需求。A. met 遇见；B. avoided 避免；C. chose 选择；D. felt 感受到。根据上文“he was simply trying 
to understand more about how the world works.”可知，此处指科学家感到有必要更好地理解世界。
62．考查动词。句意：麦克斯韦烛光下的实验室再次归于平静，但他激发的思想继续照亮我们的世界。A. 
darken 使变暗；B. rule 统治；C. light 照亮；D. decorate 装饰。根据上文“Maxwell’s candle-lit laboratory was 
quiet once more”和表示转折的but 可知，虽然实验归于平静，但他伟大的科学思想照亮、改变世界。
63．考查动词。句意：如今更多学生敢于提出没有明确答案的问题。A. hesitate 犹豫；B. pretend 假装；C. 
dare 敢于；D. refuse 拒绝。根据上文“Maxwell’s candle-lit laboratory was quiet once more, but the ideas he 
sparked continue to ____ our world. ”可知，他的科学精神鼓励学生敢于敢于提问。
64．考查动词。句意：这份好奇心播下种子，可能需要数年、数十年甚至数百年才能结果。A. plants 播种；
B. removes 移除；C. destroys 破坏；D. collects 收集。根据下文“bear fruits.”可知，此处指播下的种子。
65．考查名词。句意：科学的价值不仅在于它的产出，还在于它塑造的思维模式。A. mindset 思维模式；B. 
competition 竞争；C. cooperation 合作；D. history 历史。根据前文“Now more students ____ to ask questions 
without obvious answers. ”可知，科学塑造人的思维。
66．考查名词。句意：而这，归根结底就是科学的意义。A. challenge 挑战；B. example 例子；C. proof 证明；
D. significance 意义。根据上文“What is the ____ in investigating how atoms behave or in studying stars billions 
of kilometres away?”可知，此处指塑造思维模式是科学的意义。
三、语法填空
（2026·浙江·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Fujian tulou, or earthen buildings, are traditional homes in Fujian. Ju chose Changrong Building,    67  
homestay transformed from a tulou, because she wanted to experience     68     it was like to live there.
The homestay keeps its old exterior(外观) but     69    (house)12 modern rooms. After a2023 repair 
project by a Xiamen University team, the building,    70     central hall now serves as a reading space, offers 
tea-picking and costume experiences, while the team avoided the risk of the building     71     (reduce) to a 
lifeless display.
Fujian tulou buildings     72     (add) to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008. Since then, local 
tourism has shifted from basic sightseeing to high-quality stays. This change is also     73     (evidence) in 
Hua’an, where old houses have become galleries, coffee shops and libraries.
    74    (engage) younger guests, local teams have added playful activities and digital souvenirs. Some 
tulou models make it possible for tourists to play videos by tapping phones against them. During Spring Festival, 
Hua’ an launched a China-chic game. In the game, tourists took part     75     characters, completing tasks 
involving folk dances and traditional sports. These efforts aim to move beyond visiting a single building to creating 
a destination where visitors experience a life that begins with nature, continues through local customs      76  
returns to the warmth of the home.
【答案】
67．a    68．what    69．houses    70．whose    71．being reduced    72．were added    73．
evident    74．To engage    75．as    76．and
【导语】本文介绍福建土楼改造为民宿，在保留原有建筑风貌的前提下升级配套体验，土楼列入世界遗产
后当地文旅转型，通过多样新潮活动吸引年轻游客，传承乡土民俗文化。
【详解】67．考查冠词。句意：朱选择了长荣楼——一处由土楼改造而成的民宿，因为她想体验住在那里
的感觉。homestay 为可数名词单数，表泛指“一处民宿”，以辅音音素开头，故填a。
68．考查宾语从句引导词。句意：朱女士选择了长荣楼——一处由土楼改造而成的民宿，因为她想体验住
在那里的感觉。宾语从句中缺少介词like 的宾语，指代事物，用what 引导。
69．考查主谓一致。句意：这家民宿保留了古老的外观，却配备了12 间现代化客房。陈述客观事实，为一
般现在时，主语The homestay 为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式houses。
70．考查定语从句。句意：经过厦门大学团队2023 年的修缮改造，这栋建筑的中央大厅如今成为阅读空间，
还提供采茶、服饰体验项目，同时避免了建筑沦为毫无生机的展品。先行词为the building，空后名词
central hall 与其为所属关系，用whose 引导非限制性定语从句。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：经过厦门大学团队2023 年的修缮改造，这栋建筑的中央大厅如今成为阅读空
间，还提供采茶、服饰体验项目，同时避免了建筑沦为毫无生机的展品。介词of 后接动名词（短语），
the building 与reduce 为被动关系，故填being reduced。
72．考查时态和语态。句意：福建土楼于2008 年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。时间状语in 
2008 表过去，主语与add 为被动关系，主语为复数，故填were added。
73．考查形容词。句意：这种转变在华安地区也十分明显，当地的老旧民居被改造成画廊、咖啡店和图书
馆。系动词is 后接形容词作表语，evidence 的形容词形式为evident，意为“明显的、显而易见的”。
74．考查非谓语动词。句意：为吸引年轻游客，当地团队增设了趣味活动和数字文创纪念品。此处用不定
式作目的状语，位于句首首字母大写，填To engage。
75．考查介词。句意：在游戏中，游客扮演各类角色，完成民俗舞蹈、传统体育等相关任务。固定搭配
take part as 表示“扮演、充当”，故填as。
76．考查并列连词。句意：这些努力旨在打破单一的建筑参观模式，打造一处特色目的地，让游客体验始
于自然、承于民俗、归于居家温情的生活。此处连接三个并列的谓语结构，表顺承并列关系，填and。
（2026·浙江·二模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Root carving is an art form that relies on subtraction ( 减法) rather than addition.    77    other arts 
where materials are added, root carving follows the natural form of the wood and removes the unnecessary    78 
(reveal) its inner beauty. “Where nature has already shaped something perfectly, there is no need for further 
human intervention,” insists Chen Xing,    79    renowned root carving artist.
Creating a root carving involves several stages: washing, peeling, shaping and carving. Among them, shaping 
is the most demanding, requiring keen    80    (judge) and rich experience. Chen first studies its grain and 
growth patterns to determine the best direction and theme, when    81    (present) with a new root.
Selecting the right root is also a great challenge. “Root growth is not controlled by humans; we must adapt   
82   (we) to the wood,” Chen says. The true creativity of root carving lies not in transforming nature, but in 
complementing its imperfections,    83    (create) a harmonious blend of art and nature.
As a practitioner of this intangible cultural heritage, Chen is committed to passing it on. He teaches by 
bringing root carving into local schools    84    he offers theoretical courses and opens his workshop to 
students. “Root carving requires patience; it can’t    85    (rush),” he says.
Today, Chen’s works have gained wider recognition through his Guinness World Record, giving Chinese root 
carving a    86    (broad) stage for display. They preserve nature’s authenticity and reflect deep cultural 
thinking, embodying the elegance of Eastern aesthetics (美学).
【答案】
77．Unlike    78．to reveal    79．a    80．judgement/judgment    81．presented    82．ourselves  
83．creating    84．where    85．be rushed    86．broader
【导语】本文主要讲的是中国根雕艺术家陈兴及其创作理念。
【详解】77．考查介词。句意：与其他艺术形式不同，其他艺术是在原有材料的基础上进行添加，而根雕
则是遵循木材的自然形态，去除多余的部分，以展现其内在的美。由下文“other arts where materials are 
added, root carving follows the natural form of the wood and removes the unnecessary”可知，根雕不像其他艺
术形式，空格处意为“不像”，是unlike，位于句首，首字母大写。
78．考查不定式。句意：与其他艺术形式不同，其他艺术是在原有材料的基础上进行添加，而根雕则是遵
循木材的自然形态，去除多余的部分，以展现其内在的美。根据语境可知，此处表示“去除多余的部分，
以展现其内在的美”，空格处用不定式表目的。
79．考查冠词。句意：“自然已经将某样东西塑造得完美无缺，就无需再进行人为干预，”著名根雕艺术
家陈兴坚持这样认为。artist 是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，空格处用不定冠词，renowned 是辅音音素
开头，因此不定冠词用a。
80．考查名词。句意：其中，塑形是最具挑战性的环节，需要敏锐的判断力和丰富的经验。keen 是形容词，
修饰名词，judge 的名词是judgement 或judgment，意为“判断力”，是不可数名词。
81．考查时态、被动语态和主谓一致。句意：陈首先会研究根的纹理和生长模式，以确定最佳的方向和主
题，然后在面对新的根材时才会开始着手创作。when 引导的时间状语从句表示“当他面对新的根材时”，
即when he is presented with a new root，省略he is，因此空格处是presented。
82．考查反身代词。句意：陈说：“根的生长不受人类控制；我们必须适应木材的特性。”主语和宾语都
是we，因此用反身代词ourselves 作宾语。
83．考查非谓语动词。句意：根雕的真正创意不在于改变自然形态，而在于弥补其不完美之处，创造出艺
术与自然的和谐融合。句中谓语是lies，空格处用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词作状语，表结果。
84．考查定语从句。句意：他将根雕带入当地学校，开设理论课程，并向学生开放自己的工作室。空格处
引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词schools 是地方，因此用关系副词where 引导定
语从句。
85．考查被动语态。句意：“根雕需要耐心，不能急于求成，”他说。it 和rush 之间是逻辑动宾关系，因
此用被动语态，空前有情态动词can’t，因此空格处是be rushed。
86．考查比较级。句意：如今，陈兴的作品凭借吉尼斯世界纪录获得了更广泛的认可，为中国根雕搭建了
更广阔的展示舞台。由前面的gained wider recognition，空格处用比较级broader，意为“更广阔的”。
真题·阅读演练
（2025·上海·高考真题）The pet food industry has received unkind remarks as to the true origin of its 
ingredients (原料) for decades. Now the industry faces another source of criticism as a new book starts a debate 
about the environmental impact of owning a well-fed pet.
The New Scientist magazine, in a recent editorial, largely agreed with the book’s findings that some pets, 
due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high “ecological footprint”, which is a way of quantifying human 
demand on the planet’s ecosystems using a measure called “global hectares”.
According to the authors of the book, “A shocking comparison is that in 2004, the average citizen of some 
poor countries had an eco-footprint of 0.76 hectares. The eco-footprint of a cat is about 0.15 hectares, almost the 
same as what is needed to run a small car. In a world where resources are already limited, can people really justify 
keeping pets that require more than some people?”
The authors of the book say that they were “genuinely surprised” when calculating the environmental 
impact of pets. And some of the ideas they put forward to attenuate this are likely to shock some pet owners. For 
example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and processing them into a “natural” cat food, or 
raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. When feeding a pet, however, the advice is to 
favour pet foods made from chicken meat, which is less damaging to the environment than red meat and fish.
As you might expect, the Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA) puts up a spirited defence, arguing 
that the vast majority of meat and fish used in pet foods is of sufficient quality for human consumption but more 
than humans need. “If we didn’t recycle animal by-products to sell, they might instead be abandoned and buried 
under the earth, which is not very green,” says the director. In addition, he points out that pets should not be 
viewed just on their carbon footprint. “Our environment is greatly enriched by the part they play in our lives. Pets 
in the home inspire responsibility, encourage social awareness and have positive health benefits.”
1．What is suggested in the book to make pet food production greener?
A．Making processed pet foods out of pests
B．Feeding pets primarily with fish and meat.
C．Increasing the use of red meat in pet foods.
D．Avoiding using animal by-products in pet foods.
2．The word “attenuate” (para 4) is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A．assess
B．blame
C．drive
D．reduce
3．Which argument does PFMA make to defend the industry?
A．The use of meat and fish in pet foods can prevent waste.
B．Pet food production is both sustainable and cost-efficient.
C．Pet food ingredients are as nutritious as those for humans.
D．The eco-footprints of humans far outnumber those of pets.
4．What is the main focus of the passage?
A．The origin of pet food ingredients.
B．Calculation of pet carbon footprint.
C．Environmental impact of pet foods.
D．A spirited debate over pet ownership.
【答案】1．A    2．D    3．A    4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了宠物食品对环境的影响，包括宠物食品的生态足迹、宠物食品生
产的环境问题以及宠物食品制造商协会对此的回应。
【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and 
processing them into a “natural” cat food, or raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. 
When feeding a pet, however, the advice is to favour pet foods made from chicken meat, which is less damaging 
to the environment than red meat and fish. (例如，这本书建议捕捉田鼠等害兽，将它们加工成“天然”猫粮，
或者饲养鸡这类宠物，它们既能陪伴主人，又能提供新鲜鸡蛋。不过，在喂养宠物时，建议优先选择鸡肉
制成的宠物食品，因为鸡肉对环境的破坏比红肉和鱼类要小。)”可知，书中提出的环保建议包括将田鼠等
害兽加工成宠物食品，以及优先使用鸡肉制作宠物食品。故选A 项。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The authors of the book say that they were “genuinely surprised” when 
calculating the environmental impact of pets. (这本书的作者们表示，在计算宠物对环境的影响时，他们“真
的很惊讶”。)”以及下文“For example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and processing 
them into a “natural” cat food, or raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. (例如，这
本书建议捕捉田鼠等害虫，将它们加工成“天然”猫粮，或者饲养鸡这类宠物，它们既能陪伴主人，又能
提供新鲜鸡蛋。)”可知，作者对于宠物对环境的影响感到惊讶，所以提出了一些建议来减少这种影响，故
画线词attenuate 应为“减少”之意，与“reduce”意思最接近。故选D 项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““If we didn’t recycle animal by-products to sell, they might instead be 
abandoned and buried under the earth, which is not very green,” says the director. (“如果我们不回收动物副产品
进行销售，它们可能会被丢弃并埋在地下，这可不是什么环保的做法，”主任说道。)”可知，PFMA 认为宠
物食品中使用肉类和鱼类可以防止浪费，以此为宠物食品行业辩护。故选A 项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now the industry faces another source of criticism as a new book 
starts a debate about the environmental impact of owning a well-fed pet. (现在，随着一本新书引发了一场关于
饲养一只营养充足的宠物对环境影响的辩论，该行业面临着另一个批评来源。)”可知，文章开篇指出宠物
食品行业面临新的批评 —— 新书引发关于宠物饲养环境影响的争论；随后介绍书中的生态足迹数据和环
保建议；最后呈现PFMA 的反驳观点。全文始终围绕宠物食品的环境影响这一核心话题展开。故选C 项。
（2025·上海·高考真题）The Louis Department of Education (LDOE)’s AI integration framework (框架) is a 
comprehensive, responsible approach to maximizing AI’s benefits. Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and 
improvement, it empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness. 
The framework aims to create a sustainable environment that improves teaching, learning, and outcomes through 
research, policy, community involvement, and ongoing evaluation.
 Purpose & Research:    This 
component stresses setting clear goals for AI 
integration. It involves researching evidence-
based practices, assessing AI’s benefits and 
challenges, and identifying tools in line with 
the city’s educational objectives to ensure 
purposeful and informed application.
 
Evaluation & Monitoring:     This 
component centers on assessing the impact 
of AI application in educational settings. It 
involves tracking student progress, 
measuring the effectiveness of AI tools and 
resources, and identifying areas for 
improvement. Regular monitoring ensures 
that AI initiatives are in line with educational 
goals and adapt to the changing needs of 
students and educators.
 Engage Stakeholders:     Recognizing 
that AI integration impacts various key 
participants, this component emphasizes 
active engagement and cooperation. 
Stakeholders like educators, administrators, 
students, parents, policymakers, and 
community members are involved in the 
 Policy & Guidance:     This component 
addresses the need for clear guidelines and 
policies that govern AI’s responsible use in 
educational settings. It involves developing 
frameworks for data privacy, ensuring access 
to AI resources, and establishing standards 
for designing and using AI tools. Policy and 
process to gather different perspectives, 
address concerns, and build support for AI 
initiatives. This approach promotes trust, 
ownership, and joint responsibility in shaping 
the future of AI in education.
guidance provide a structured approach to 
handling the complexities of AI integration 
and ensuring that it follows legal and 
educational principles.
WJXSAT
5．What is the framework mainly intended to do?
A．Encourage students to explore AI tools.
B．Prepare schools for responsible AI use.
C．Improve teaching by increasing AI use.
D．Guarantee student safety with AI tools.
6．What does the component “Evaluation & Monitoring” focus on?
A．Examining the effects of AI use.
B．Monitoring students’ use of AI.
C．Assessing student development in AI.
D．Locating the weakness of AI tools.
7．A school in the city of Louis is planning to introduce an AI tool to help students with learning. The teacher in 
charge is looking for ways to avoid the misuse of students’ personal data. Which component should the teacher 
mainly refer to?
A．Purpose & Research
B．Policy & Guidance
C．Engage Stakeholders
D．Evaluation & Monitoring
【答案】5．B    6．A    7．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章详细阐述了路易斯教育部门（LDOE）的AI 整合框架的四个主要组成部分
及其目的和作用。
【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Adopting a continuous cycle of exploration and improvement, it 
empowers schools to adopt AI responsibly while prioritizing student safety and future readiness.(该框架采用持续
的探索和改进周期，使学校能够在优先考虑学生安全和未来准备的同时，负责任地采用AI。)”可知，该框
架的主要目的是使学校为负责任地使用AI 做好准备。故选B 项。
6．细节理解题。根据“Evaluation & Monitoring”部分“This component centers on assessing the impact of AI 
application in educational settings.(这一部分主要关注评估AI 在教育环境中的应用影响。)”可知，“评估与监
测”部分主要关注的是评估AI 在教育环境中的应用影响，即，检查AI 使用的影响。故选A 项。
7．推理判断题。根据“Policy & Guidance”部分“This component addresses the need for clear guidelines and 
policies that govern AI’s responsible use in educational settings. It involves developing frameworks for data 
privacy, ensuring access to AI resources, and establishing standards for designing and using AI tools.(这一部分解
决了制定明确的指导方针和政策的需求，以规范AI 在教育环境中的负责任使用。它涉及制定数据隐私框架，
确保获得AI 资源，以及为设计和使用AI 工具建立标准。)”可知，如果一个学校计划引入AI 工具来帮助学生，
而负责的老师正在寻找避免学生个人数据被滥用方法，那么老师应该主要参考“政策与指导”部分，因为
它涉及制定数据隐私框架。故选B 项。
（2025·上海·高考真题）Andreas Schleicher sat down quietly toward the back of the room, trying not to 
attract attention. He did this sometimes, wandering into classes he had no intention of taking.
It was the mid-1980s, and he was studying physics at the University of Hamburg, one of Germany’s leading 
universities. In his free time, however, he slipped into lectures the way other people watched television. This class 
was taught by Thomas Neville Postlethwaite, who called himself an “educational scientist.” Schleicher found the 
title curious.
Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always talked about education as a 
kind of mysterious art. “You cannot measure what matters in education — the human qualities,” his father liked to 
say. From what Schleicher could tell, there was nothing scientific about education, which was why he preferred 
physics. But this British fellow whose last name he could not pronounce seemed to think the other way around. 
Postlethwaite was part of a new group of researchers who were trying to analyze a soft subject in a hard way, 
much like a physicist might study education if he could.
Schleicher listened carefully to the debate about statistics and sampling. In his mind, he started imagining 
what might happen if one really could compare what kids knew around the world, while controlling for factors like 
race or poverty in the analysis. He found himself raising his hand and joining the discussion.
In Schleicher’s experience, German schools had not been as exceptional as German educators seemed to 
think. As a boy, he’d felt bored much of the time and earned ordinary grades. But, as a teenager, several teachers 
had encouraged his fascination with science and numbers, and his grades had improved. In high school, he’d won 
a national science prize, which meant he was more or less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after 
college. That was exactly what he’d planned to do, until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture.
At the end of class, the professor asked Schleicher to stay behind. He could tell that there was something 
different about this young man.
“Would you like to help me with this research?”
Schleicher stared back at him, shocked. “I know nothing about education.”
“Oh, that doesn’t matter,” Postlethwaite said, smiling.
After that, the two men began to team up, eventually creating the first international reading test, a test that 
measured reading ability globally.
8．Which of the following is true of Schleicher in his university years?
A．He benefited from watching TV.
B．He often debated with his classmates.
C．He dropped in at different lectures.
D．He felt dissatisfied with his grades.
9．What can be learned about Schleicher’s father from the passage?
A．He measured human qualities in a hard way.
B．He had conflicting ideas with Postlethwaite.
C．He considered education both art and science.
D．He had a preference for physics over education.
10．What does the word “That” (para.5) probably refer to?
A．Obtaining a decent job.
B．Winning a national prize.
C．Joining heated discussions.
D．Designing a reading test.
11．Why was Schleicher different in Postlethwaite’s eyes?
A．He was recommended by his high school teachers.
B．He had the potential for quantitative educational research.
C．He had good academic records during his school years.
D．He was influenced by his father’s research approach.
【答案】8．C    9．B    10．A    11．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。 文章主要讲述了Andreas Schleicher 在大学期间偶然进入教育科学领域，并
最终与教授合作创建了第一个国际阅读测试的故事。
【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第二段“In his free time, however, he slipped into lectures the way other people 
watched television. (然而，在他的空闲时间，他像其他人看电视一样溜进课堂听讲座。)”可知，Schleicher
在大学期间经常溜进不同的课堂听讲座。故选C 项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always 
talked about education as a kind of mysterious art. ‘You cannot measure what matters in education — the human 
qualities,’ his father liked to say. From what Schleicher could tell, there was nothing scientific about education, 
which was why he preferred physics. But this British fellow whose last name he could not pronounce seemed to 
think the other way around. (Schleicher 的父亲是这所大学的教育学教授，他一直把教育视为一种神秘的艺术。
‘你无法衡量教育中重要的事情——人的品质，’他的父亲喜欢这样说。据Schleicher 所知，教育没有什
么科学可言，这就是他更喜欢物理的原因。但是这位他连姓都念不出来的英国人似乎却有相反的想法。)”
可知，Schleicher 的父亲认为教育是艺术，无法衡量，而Postlethwaite 则试图用科学的方法分析教育，由此
可推知，Schleicher 的父亲与Postlethwaite 的想法有冲突。故选B 项。
10．词句猜测题。根据第五段“In high school, he’d won a national science prize, which meant he was more or 
less guaranteed a well-paying job in a private company after college. That was exactly what he’d planned to do, 
until he stepped into Postlethwaite’s lecture. (高中时，他获得了全国科学奖，这意味着他大学毕业后或多或
少能在一家私营公司找到一份高薪工作。这正是他原本的计划，直到他走进了Postlethwaite 的课堂。)”可
知，That 指代上文提到的“在一家私营公司找到一份高薪工作”，即获得一份体面的工作。故选A 项。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Schleicher’s father was an education professor at the university and had always 
talked about education as a kind of mysterious art. (Schleicher 的父亲是这所大学的教育学教授，他一直把教育
视为一种神秘的艺术。)”以及后文Schleicher 与Postlethwaite 教授合作，共同创建了第一个国际阅读测试，
用科学的方法分析教育，可推知，Schleicher 受父亲研究方法的影响，对教育有独特的思考，这种思考方式
在Postlethwaite 教授眼中是与众不同的，所以认为他有潜力。D 项“He was influenced by his father’s 
research approach.（他受到父亲研究方法的影响。）”符合题意。A 项“他被高中老师推荐了”，C 项“他
在学校期间学习成绩很好”，文章均未提及；根据第三段“From what Schleicher could tell, there was 
nothing scientific about education, which was why he preferred physics. (据Schleicher 所知，教育没有什么科学
可言，这就是他更喜欢物理的原因。)”可知，Schleicher 原本对教育科学并不感兴趣，所以B 项“他有进行
量化教育研究的潜力”不是教授认为他与众不同的原因。故选B 项。
（2025·天津·高考真题）I first encountered tai chi in Ottawa’s Chinatown. Men and women gathered in 
loose formation. Their actions combined to achieve a meditative (冥想的) dance. I was amazed by its beauty and 
grace. It was like watching a water lily opening. 
Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling — 
and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build muscle, my objective for all activities. I chose only to admire this martial 
art (武术) but kept my distance. 
Years later, a recommendation from my doctor brought me to a training group for tai chi beginners led by a 
caring instructor. I had thought that my goal would be to master the 108 moves. Technically right, but wrong on so 
many counts. 
The class was full of lovely people who glided effortlessly, seemingly never confused about where to move 
next. They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be able to remember all the 
moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. But I could see they were 
right. Commit and improve: That was the only path. 
Another realization came to me when I attended an advanced class. We began with foundation exercises, 
and almost immediately, the instructor singled me out for instruction. To be singled out was an honour, but I was 
mortified. All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor corrected my 
positioning. “Don’t bend, “he said, and I repeated the movement. “Straighten your back, “he urged, and on it went 
— probably for only a few minutes, but it seemed like hours. 
I couldn’t say, “Yeah, I get it.” I had to show that I did. I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to 
what the instructor was saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. I was 
unlearning and learning, overcoming awkwardness to focus. I realized that I was learning a new way of being in 
the world—truly listening and open to correction. 
I don’t know that I will ever master the 108 moves. What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life 
where change and growth are not just possible but expected, even when my stubborn ( 固执的) personality 
tendencies re-emerge at every turn.
12．What was the author’s first impression of tai chi?
A．Pleasant to the eye but not of much use. B．Too slow to be regarded as a martial art.
C．Helpful in accomplishing fitness goals.
D．Mysterious and difficult to master.
13．In the beginners’ class, the author realized that mastering tai chi required_________.
A．discipline
B．leadership
C．persistence
D．teamwork
14．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Angered
B．Confused
C．Disappointed
D．Embarrassed
15．How did the author respond to the instructions in the advanced class?
A．She denied her weaknesses and carried on.
B．She stayed focused and followed attentively.
C．She worked hard and displayed her talent.
D．She opened up her mind and sought advice.
16．Which of the following can be concluded from the author’s experience?
A．Tai chi empowers people to improve.
B．Tai chi keeps the balance of the body.
C．Tai chi fires people’s passion for sports. D．Tai chi facilitates healthy relationships.
【答案】12．A    13．C    14．D    15．B    16．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者从最初对太极“好看却无用”的印象，到在练习中领悟其真谛，
实现自我成长与改变的经历。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was amazed by its beauty and grace. It was like watching a water lily opening.
(我被它的美丽与优雅所震撼，就像观赏睡莲绽放)”以及第二段中的“Yet I couldn’t see the point. I could 
achieve my fitness goals from exercise classes, swimming and cycling—and moving so slowly didn’t seem to build 
muscle, my objective for all activities. (但我实在看不出太极的意义所在。我通过健身课、游泳和骑行就能实
现健身目标 —— 而且动作这么慢，似乎根本练不了肌肉，而练肌肉是我所有运动的核心目的)”可知，作
者最初觉得太极赏心悦目，但没什么实际用处。故选A 项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段“They assured me that they had been beginners once too, and that I would be 
able to remember all the moves within three or four years. Three to four years! Graduate degrees took less time. 
But I could see they were right. Commit and improve: That was the only path.(他们向我保证，自己曾经也都是
初学者，还说我大概三四年内就能记住所有招式。三到四年啊！就算是读个研究生学位也用不了这么久。
但我知道他们说得对——坚持下去，不断精进，这是唯一的路。）可知，作者意识到掌握太极需要长期的
坚持。故选C 项。
14．词句猜测题。根据第五段“All the others in the class stopped and turned to watch me while the instructor 
corrected my positioning.(全班其他人都停下来看着我，教练在一旁纠正我的姿势)”可知，被单独点名指导且
被众人注视，这种场景会让人感到尴尬，因此“mortified”意为“尴尬的”，与“Embarrassed”同义。故选
D 项。
15．细节理解题。根据第六段“I concentrated as I had never done before, listening to what the instructor was 
saying, watching his movement and then willing my body to move in imitation. (我从未如此专注过，认真听教练
的指导，观察他的动作，然后努力让自己的身体模仿着动起来)”可知，在高级班中，作者专注倾听并认真
遵循教练的指导。故选B 项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What I do know is that I have found an activity in my life where change and 
growth are not just possible but expected(但我知道，我找到了一项能让自己发生改变、实现成长的活动，这
种改变和成长不仅可能，更是必然的)”可知，太极赋予了人们自我提升的力量。故选A 项。
（2025·天津·高考真题）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
In the small town where I grew up, graduating from high school was already a big thing. But I was driven to 
pursue my education and become a lawyer like my best friend’s dad, one of the few role models available. After 
completing my first degree at a university near my parents’ house, I started my graduate study of law at the 
University of North Carolina, as I had planned for the past 15 years. 
It was my 23rd birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years: by watching the annual Perseid meteor 
shower (英仙座流星雨). But this year was different. I was away from the small town for the first time and was 
meeting people in fields that were new to me. My horizons had been opened up, and I began to question my life 
path. Should I stick to my long-standing plans? Could my lifelong love for astronomy be more than a hobby? 
Coincidentally, a solar eclipse ( 日食) helped me make the decision. I made a trip along the winding 
mountain roads and found a peaceful spot in a valley. When the Moon gradually slid in front of the Sun, the world 
around me became dark. The water was still, and the sunset surrounded me. That moment, I knew what I had to 
do. I dropped out of law school to pursue my passion. 
Now, about to get my doctoral degree in astronomy, I realize that my exposure to the night sky gave me a 
great gift. It bestowed a broad view: In the vast universe, our individual desires and insecurities are insignificant. 
It liberated me from allowing worries or self-doubt to stand in the way of chasing new dreams. 
During this year’s Perseid meteor shower, I’ll be presenting my research at an international conference in 
Cape Town. It will be my first trip out of the country. And the little girl inside me who watched the shooting stars 
from her parents? backyard can’t wait to watch the same stars flash across the South African sky.
17．Why did the author want to become a lawyer? (no more than 10 words) 
  
18．How were the author’s horizons expanded? (no more than 15 words) 
  
19．What decision did the author make after watching the solar eclipse? (no more than 10 words) 
  
20．What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 4? (1 word) 
  
21．What do you think is the key factor in choosing your college major? Please explain why. (no more than 20 
words) 
  
【答案】17．Because of her best friend's dad.    18．By being away from the small town and meeting new 
people.    19．To drop out of law school for astronomy.    20．Gave.    21．Interest. Because it can keep 
me motivated.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者原本计划成为一名律师，在 23 岁生日观看英仙座流星雨时开始质
疑自己的人生道路，后因一次日食决定放弃法学院的学习，转而追求天文学梦想，如今即将获得天文学博
士学位的故事。
17．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “But I was driven to pursue my education and become a lawyer like my 
best friend’s dad, one of the few role models available. (但我被驱使着去追求学业，成为像我最好朋友的爸爸
那样的律师，他是我为数不多的榜样之一)” 可知，作者想成为律师是因为她最好朋友的爸爸。故填
Because of her best friend's dad.
18．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“I was away from the small town for the first time and was meeting 
people in fields that were new to me. My horizons had been opened up (我第一次离开这个小镇，结识了一些
我不熟悉领域的人。我的视野开阔了)” 可知，作者通过离开小镇并结识新人，开阔了视野。故填By being 
away from the small town and meeting new people.
19．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段 “That moment, I knew what I had to do. I dropped out of law school to 
pursue my passion.(在那一刻，我知道我必须做什么。我从法学院退学去追求我的热爱)” 以及前文提到作者
对天文学的热爱可知，作者观看日食后决定从法学院退学转而学习天文学。故填To drop out of law school 
for astronomy.
20．考查词义猜测。根据文章第四段“Now, about to get my doctoral degree in astronomy, I realize that my 
exposure to the night sky gave me a great gift. It bestowed a broad view(现在，即将获得天文学博士学位的我意
识到，对夜空的接触给了我一份很棒的礼物。它bestowed 一种广阔的视野)”，结合语境及前文 gave 可知，
bestowed 意为 “给予”，与gave 同义。故填Gave.
21．本题为开放性问题，询问选择大学专业的关键因素及原因。示例答案为兴趣，因为兴趣能让人保持动
力。故填Interest. Because it can keep me motivated.
二、完形填空
（2016· 上海· 高考真题）In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of 
management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 
22     work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find 
satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the     23    , many managers still agree to Theory X. They 
believe,     24     , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that 
decisions must be imposed from     25     without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专
制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of     26     people. Unlike authoritarian management, some 
cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the 
department or work group are asked to     27     to this process. This is management by the collective 
opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on 
general     28    . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they 
have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional     29     managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own 
without     30     managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing:  
31     the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be     32 
with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. 
Empowerment takes the idea of delegation ( 委托) much further than has     33     been the case. 
Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to     34     that the overall business 
plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or     35     management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the 
Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the     36     of the team 
members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
22．A．desire
B．seek
C．lose
D．dislike
23．A．contrary
B．expectation
C．degree
D．extreme
24．A．vice versa
B．for example
C．however
D．otherwise
25．A．outside
B．inside
C．below
D．above
26．A．replacing
B．assessing
C．managing
D．encouraging
27．A．refer
B．contribute
C．object
D．apply
28．A．agreement
B．practice
C．election
D．impression
29．A．bossy
B．experienced
C．western
D．male
30．A．asking
B．training
C．warning
D．firing
31．A．doubling
B．maintaining
C．reducing
D．estimating
32．A．honored
B．left
C．crowded
D．compared
33．A．economically
B．traditionally
C．inadequately
D．occasionally
34．A．deny
B．admit
C．assume
D．ensure
35．A．virtual
B．ineffective
C．day-to-day
D．on-the-scene
36．A．opinion
B．risk
C．performance
D．attractiveness
【答案】
22．D    23．A    24．B    25．D    26．C    27．B    28．A    29．D    30．A    31．C    
32．B    33．B    34．D    35．A    36．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同的公司管理模式。20 世纪60 年代，管理艺术的关键思想家之
一Douglas McGregor 提出了今天著名的X 理论和Y 理论。X 理论认为，人们本能地不喜欢工作，并会想尽
一切办法逃避工作。Y 理论认为，每个人都有可能在工作中找到满足感。所以出现多种管理模式。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：X 理论认为，人们本能地不喜欢工作，并会想尽一切办法避免工作。A. 
desire 渴望；B. seek 追求，寻找；C. lose 失去；D. dislike 讨厌，不喜欢。根据下文“will do anything to avoid 
it”可知，逃避工作，应该是不喜欢工作。故选D 项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，尽管有这么多相反的证据，许多经理仍然同意X 理论。A. 
contrary 相反；B. expectation 期望；预料；C. degree 程度；学位；D. extreme 极端。根据前面的“despite”
及下文“many managers still agree to Theory X.”可知，前后为转折关系，经理人赞同X 理论，那么前面应该
是证据表明相反的即Y 理论是合理的。故选A 项。
24．考查副词及介词短语辨析。句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工要有效地工作，就需要不断的监
督，或者决策必须不经协商就从上面强加给他们。A. vice versa 反之亦然；B. for example 例如；C. however
然而；D. otherwise 否则，不然的话。根据“They believe, …, that their employees need constant supervision if 
they are to work effectively”可知，这是在举例证明上一句中的“many managers still agree to Theory X.”。故
选B 项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，他们认为，如果他们的员工要有效地工作，就需要不断的监督，或
者决策必须不经协商就从上面强加给他们。A. outside 外部；B. inside 内在；内部；C. below 下面；D. above
上面；上述。根据上文的“constant supervision. ”及下文“ without consultation”“ This, of course, makes for 
authoritarian (专制的) managers.”可知，专制型的经理认为决策不用和员工协商，应该是上层领导直接强加
给他们。故选D 项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不同的文化有不同的管理方式。A. replacing 取代；B. assessing 评价；C. 
managing 经营；管理；D. encouraging 鼓励。根据上文“This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) 
managers.”及下文“ Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for 
the consultative nature of decision-making”可知，此处是在讲领导管理员工的方式。故选C 项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与专制管理不同，一些文化，特别是亚洲文化，以决策的协商性质而闻名
——部门或工作组的所有成员都被要求为这一过程做出贡献。A. refer 指代；参考；提及；B. contribute 贡
献，捐赠；C. object 反对；D. apply 申请；运用。根据上文“They believe, for example , that their employees 
need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from above without 
consultation.”及下文“This is management by the collective opinion.”可知，亚洲文化中，决策是所有成员的
集体协商的结果，所有成员对决策过程都做出贡献。故选B 项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多西方公司试图模仿这种基于普遍共识的亚洲做事方式。A. agreement
同意；意见一致；协议；B. practice 练习；实践；C. election 选举；选择；D. impression 印象。根据空前
“to imitate such Asian ways of doing things”可知，模仿亚洲的管理方式，那就是团队成员集体决策，意见一
致才能通过。故选A 项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些专家表示，女性将成为比男性更有效的管理者，因为她们有能力达
到传统男性管理者无法达到的共同目标。A. bossy 霸道的；B. experienced 有经验的；C. western 西方的；D. 
male 男性的；雄性的。根据上文“Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than 
men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way”because 从句中主语they 指代前面的
women，由此可知，此处在比较女性和男性在管理方式上的不同。故选D 项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一种趋势是鼓励员工发挥自己的主动性，在不征求经理意见的情况
下自己做决定。 A. asking 询问；请求；B. training 训练；C. warning 警告；D. firing 解雇。根据空前
“encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own”可知，这种管理方式是鼓励
员工发挥自己的主动性，独立做出决定，不必事事询问领导。故选A 项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种授权是缩小规模趋势的一部分：减少公司管理层的数量。A. doubling
加倍；B. maintaining 保持；维护；C. reducing 降低；减少；D. estimating 估计，估算。此处是对
“downsizing(缩减规模，裁员)”的解释，reducing 符合语境。故选C 项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以这种方式去分层之后，公司可能只剩下高层管理人员、一线管理人员和
直接与公众接触的员工。A. honored 纪念；尊敬；B. left 离开；留下；C. crowded 拥挤；涌入；D. compared
对比，比较。根据上文“This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: reducing 
the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way…”可知，此处应该在解释经过裁
减管理层人员数量后，公司应该是留下了哪些人。be left with 意为“被剩下了……”。故选B 项。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：授权使委托的概念比传统上走得更远。A. economically 在经济方面；B. 
traditionally 传统上；C. inadequately 不充分地；不充足地；D. occasionally 偶尔地。根据本段首句中“A 
recent trend”可知，本句主语“Empowerment”是一种最近新型的管理模式，此处应该是在与传统方式比较。
故选B 项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：授权和委托意味着新的管理控制形式，以确保整体业务计划得到遵循，并
且在新的组织下运营变得更有利可图，而不是更少。A. deny 否认；B. admit 承认；允许进入；C. assume 以
为，认为；假定；D. ensure 确保。根据前面“new forms of management control”及下文“that the overall 
business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather 
than less.”可知，此处是control 的目的，应该是要确保后面宾语从句叙述内容即盈利的实现。故选D 项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个趋势是异地或虚拟管理，人们通过电子邮件和互联网联系在一起，
在自己的家里完成项目。A. virtual 虚拟的，网上的；B. ineffective 无效的，不起作用的；C. day-to-day 日常
的；D. on-the-scene 现场的。根据后面“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on 
projects from their own houses”的解释可知，这里指通过网络办公。这是故选A 项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：项目经理根据团队成员为项目做出的贡献来评估他们的表现，而不是根据
他们在项目上花费的时间。A. opinion 观点；B. risk 风险；C. performance 表演；表现；D. attractiveness 吸引
力。根据空前的“Project managers evaluate”及下文“in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than 
the amount of time they spend on them.”可知，这里指管理者对员工的工作表现的评价。故选C 项。
（2018·上海·高考真题）Humans hate markedly to give workers more than they deserve;and indeed many 
will settle for less to compensate work equitably. But is this impulse     37    ? Perhaps not, says psychological 
scientist Marie Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from 
different     38     think about merit when sharing rewards. There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may 
be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying 
the     39     of children, four to 11 years old, in three different cultures. 
The idea was to test how much the children valued merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal 
to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted — 
without adults in the room to influence them. If they valued merit, children should     40     the sweets 
according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had landed the same number of fish, they would choose to reward 
each one     41    , but if one fared much better at fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate. In the 
case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be unrelated to catch size — since no effort was 
involved.    
    42    matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study, as described in a forthcoming 
issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in 
proportion to     43    , even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children 
from the two rural African forager( 狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings 
suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that     44 
is culturally defined.
But why? The scientists offer some     45     on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like 
Germany, a meritocracy is       46       for regulating transactions between people who don’t know each 
other and may not interact again. The focus is on equitable interactions, because things won’t be “evened out” in 
the future. In small scale societies,       47      , most exchanges take place between people who are       48 
with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity — 
rather than to insist on equity in a single transaction. In egalitarian forager societies, such as the Haillom,      49 
is an important leveling mechanism,       50       asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony. Children 
may internalize these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is       51      .
37．A．unblocked
B．universal
C．unconscious
D．unique
38．A．cultures
B．cases
C．companies
D．aspects
39．A．mood
B．behavior
C．emotion
D．habit
40．A．collect
B．load
C．stress
D．distribute
41．A．really
B．deliberately
C．equally
D．happily
42．A．Scene
B．Object
C．Culture
D．Trend
43．A．productivity
B．benefit
C．interest
D．survey
44．A．tiredness
B．business
C．thickness
D．fairness
45．A．feelings
B．thoughts
C．lives
D．emotions
46．A．useful
B．major
C．small
D．important
47．A．in a word
B．in addition
C．by contrast
D．what’s more
48．A．familiar
B．delighted
C．satisfied
D．same
49．A．cooperating
B．smiling
C．equaling
D．sharing
50．A．forcing
B．judging
C．balancing
D．experiencing
51．A．creative
B．imaginary
C．innovative
D．logic
【答案】
37．B    38．A    39．B    40．D    41．C    42．C    43．A    44．D    45．B    46．D    
47．C    48．A    49．D    50．C    51．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，来自不同文化的人在分享奖励时看待功绩是不同的。文
章主要说明了不同的文化会产生不同的想法和行为。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这种冲动是普遍的吗？A. unblocked 畅通的；B. universal 普遍的；C. 
unconscious 无意识的；D. unique 独特的，唯一的。根据后文“Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie 
Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different... think 
about merit when sharing rewards. There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western 
concept and value”可知，这里是在探讨这种给工人应得报酬的冲动是否是普遍的。故选B 项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据谢弗的说法，从来没有人研究过来自不同文化背景的孩子在分享奖励
时对优点的看法。A. cultures 文化；B. cases 情况；C. companies 公司；D. aspects 方面。根据后文“so she 
and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the... of children, four to 11 years old, in three 
different cultures”可知，这里说的是来自不同“文化（cultures）” 的孩子。故选A 项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们有理由怀疑，精英主义可能更多地是一种西方的观念和价值观，所以
她和几位同事决定对此进行测试，研究三种不同文化中4 至11 岁儿童的行为。A. mood 情绪；B. behavior
行为；C. emotion 情感；D. habit 习惯。根据下文“four to 11 years old, in three different cultures”因为是研究
不同文化中4 到11 岁孩子的情况，结合后文实验中孩子分配糖果的行为，这里应该是研究他们的“行为
（behavior）”。故选B 项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们看重优点，孩子们应该根据收获的份额分配糖果。A. collect 收集；
B. load 装载；C. stress 强调；D. distribute 分配。根据前文“So each child was given a number of sweets equal 
to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted”可知，这
里说如果孩子们看重功绩，他们应该根据捕鱼量来“分配（distribute）”糖果。故选D 项。
41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，如果他们钓到相同数量的鱼，他们会选择平等地奖励每一条鱼，
但如果其中一条在钓鱼方面表现得更好，奖励也会不成比例。A. really 真正地；B. deliberately 故意地；C. 
equally 相等地；D. happily 高兴地。根据前文“if they had landed the same number of fish”，如果他们捕到的
鱼数量相同，那么他们会选择给每个人“相等地（equally）”奖励。故选C 项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：文化很重要。A. Scene 场景；B. Object 物体；C. Culture 文化；D. Trend 趋势。
根据后文“These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in 
our species, and that... is culturally defined”可知，主要发现是“文化（Culture）”起着重要作用。故选C 项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：德国的孩子们将一天的战利品精确地按照生产力的比例分配，即使这意味
着奖励的分配非常不平衡。A. productivity 生产力；B. benefit 益处；C. interest 兴趣；D. survey 调查。根据
前文实验中根据捕鱼量（功绩）来分配糖果的描述，德国孩子精确地根据“生产力（productivity）”来分
配当天的“战利品”，这里捕鱼量可以理解为一种生产力的体现。故选A 项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些发现表明，功绩和公平分配的基本概念在人类中远非普遍存在，公平
是由文化定义的。A. tiredness 疲劳；B. business 生意；C. thickness 厚度；D. fairness 公平。根据前文“The 
German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to 　　
 
 7 　　
 
 , even when this meant a 
very unbalanced distribution of rewards.”提到的功绩和分配正义的概念，这里说的是“公平（fairness）”是
由文化定义的。故选D 项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们对此提出了一些看法。A. feelings 感受；B. thoughts 想法；C. lives
生活；D. emotions 情感。根据后文“It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany…”对不同规模社会中
公平概念不同的解释，这里科学家们对为什么会这样提供了一些“想法（thoughts）”。故选B 项。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是因为在像德国这样的大规模社会中，精英制度对于监管人们之
间的交易很重要，这些人彼此不认识，可能不会再互动。A. useful 有用的；B. major 主要的；C. small 小的；
D. important 重要的。根据后文“The focus is on equitable interactions, because things won’t be “evened out” in 
the future.”可知，在像德国这样的大规模社会中，精英制度对于规范不认识且可能不再互动的人之间的交
易是 “重要的（important）”。故选D 项。
47．考查固定短语辨析。句意：相比之下，在小规模社会中，大多数交流发生在彼此熟悉的人之间。A. in 
a word 总之；B. in addition 此外；C. by contrast 相比之下；D. what’s more 此外。根据前文“in large-scale 
societies like Germany”说的是大规模社会的情况，这里说小规模社会的情况，“by contrast”表示“相比之
下”，符合语境，用来对比两种不同规模社会的情况。故选C 项。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，在小规模社会中，大多数交流发生在彼此熟悉的人之间。A. 
familiar 熟悉的；B. delighted 高兴的；C. satisfied 满意的；D. same 相同的。根据上文“people who don’t 
know each other and may not interact again”提到大规模社会里，这些人彼此不认识，由此可知，在小规模社
会中，大多数交流发生在彼此“熟悉（familiar）”的人之间。故选A 项。
49．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：在像哈洛姆这样的平等主义游牧社会中，分享是一种重要的平衡机制，
可以平衡财富的不对称，促进和谐。A. cooperating 合作；B. smiling 微笑；C. equaling 使相等；D. sharing 分
享。在平等的狩猎社会中，比如 Haillom，“分享（sharing）”是一个重要的平衡机制。从后文“____ 
asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony”以及前文提到的分配问题可知，sharing 符合文意。故选D 项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在像哈洛姆这样的平等主义游牧社会中，分享是一种重要的平衡机制，可
以平衡财富的不对称，促进和谐。A. forcing 迫使；B. judging 判断；C. balancing 平衡；D. experiencing 经历。
 根据句意以及下文“asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony”可知，分享这种机制可以“平衡
（balancing）”财富的不对称并增加和谐。故选C 项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们可能很早就内化了这些社会价值观，甚至在钓鱼之旅是想象的时
候也会应用它们。A. creative 有创造力的；B. imaginary 想象的；C. innovative 创新的；D. logic 逻辑的。根据
上文“Children may internalize these social values early on”可知，孩子们可能很早就内化了这些社会价值观，
并且即使捕鱼之旅是“想象的（imaginary）”，他们也会应用这些价值观。故选B 项。
（2009·上海·高考真题）Most people believe they don’t have much imagination. They are     52    . 
Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to     53     it. Creativity isn’t 
always     54     with great works of art or ideas. People at work and in their free time     55     think of 
creative ways to solve problems. Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to 
expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.
Making connections This technique involves taking     56     ideas and trying to find links between 
them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. Then find an image, word, idea 
or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the idea/words     57     with candles: light, fire, matches, 
wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the     58     to the job you 
have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original     59    ; you could buy him tickets to match or 
take him out for the night.
NO limits! Imagine that normal limitations don’t     60    . You have as much time/space/money, etc. 
as you want. Think about your goal and the new     61    . If your goal is to learn to ski,    62    , you can 
now practise skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money). Now     63     this to 
reality. Maybe you can practise skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January.
Be someone else! Look at the situation from a     64     point of view. Good businessmen use this 
technique in trade, and so do writes. Fiction writers often imagine they are the     65     in their books. They 
ask question: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she 
wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their     66    . The best fishermen think like fish!
52．A．wrong
B．unbelievable
C．reasonable
D．realistic
53．A．put up with
B．catch up with
C．make use of
D．keep track of
54．A．equipped
B．compared
C．covered
D．connected
55．A．skillfully
B．routinely
C．vividly
D．deeply
56．A．familiar
B．unrelated
C．creative
D．imaginary
57．A．presented
B．marked
C．lit
D．associated
58．A．ideas
B．ambitions
C．achievement
D．technique
59．A．experience
B．service
C．present
D．object
60．A．work
B．last
C．exist
D．change
61．A．possibilities
B．limitations
C．tendency
D．practice
62．A．in fact
B．in particular
C．as a whole
D．for example
63．A．devote
B．adapt
C．lead
D．keep
64．A．private
B．global
C．different
D．practical
65．A．features
B．themes
C．creatures
D．characters
66．A．positions
B．dreams
C．images
D．directions
【答案】
52．A    53．C    54．D    55．B    56．B    57．D    58．A    59．C    60．C    61．A    
62．D    63．B    64．C    65．D    66．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了每个人都有想象力，但成人常忘记如何运用，还给出了三种激发
创造力的技巧。
【详解】52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们错了。A. wrong 错误的；B. unbelievable 难以置信的；C. 
reasonable 合理的；D. realistic 现实的。后文“Everyone has imagination”明确表明每个人都具备想象力，否
定前文“Most people believe they don’t have much imagination.”这一认识，说明大多数人想法是错误的。故
选A 项。
53．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每个人都有想象力，但我们大多数人成年后就忘了如何运用它。A. put up 
with 忍受；B. catch up with 赶上；C. make use of 利用，运用；D. keep track of 记录，跟踪。前文提到
“Everyone has imagination”说明大家都有想象力，接着用“but”转折，结合“once we become adults”可知
成年后情况变化，后文又围绕激发创造力的技巧展开，暗示是人们成年后就忘了如何运用想象力。故选C
项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：创造力并不总是与伟大的艺术作品或思想联系在一起。A. equipped 装备；
B. compared 比较；C. covered 覆盖；D. connected 联系。后文“People at work and in their free time ____ 
think of creative ways to solve problems.”提到人们在工作和闲暇时会想出有创意的解决问题的方法，说明创
造力不局限于伟大的艺术作品或思想，即创造力和它们并非总是有联系；be connected with 是固定搭配，
意为“与……有联系”。故选D 项。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：工作和闲暇时的人们通常会想出有创意的方法来解决问题。A. skillfully 熟
练地；B. routinely 通常地，惯常地；C. vividly 生动地；D. deeply 深深地。后文以日常生活中可能遇到的情
况“Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind!”为例，
说明人们在日常的工作和生活场景中经常会发挥创造力解决问题，所以用副词routinely 合适。故选B 项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种技巧包括选取不相关的想法并尝试找出它们之间的联系。A. familiar
熟悉的；B. unrelated 不相关的；C. creative 有创造力的；D. imaginary 想象的。后文提到“trying to find links 
between them”，既然是要找联系，那前提应该是选取原本不相关的想法。故选B 项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：写下所有与蜡烛相关的想法/词语：光、火、火柴、蜡、夜晚、寂静等等。
A. presented 呈现；B. marked 标记；C. lit 点燃；D. associated 联系。前文给出例子“a candle”，接着列举
“light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc.”这些都是和蜡烛相关的事物；be associated with 是固定搭配，
意为“与……相关”。故选D 项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：下一步是把这些想法与你要做的工作联系起来。A. ideas 想法；B. 
ambitions 抱负；C. achievement 成就；D. technique 技巧。前文“Write down all the idea/words associated 
with candles”明确提到写下与蜡烛相关的想法，所以这里说的是把这些想法和工作联系起来。故选A 项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以想象一下你想给朋友买一件独特的礼物；你可以给他买比赛门票或者
带他出去过夜。A. experience 经历；B. service 服务；C. present 礼物；D. object 物体。根据前文“So imagine 
you want to buy a friend”以及后文“you could buy him tickets to match or take him out for the night”，买票或
带朋友出去玩都是买礼物的方式，所以这里是说买礼物。故选C 项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象正常的限制不存在。A. work 工作；B. last 持续；C. exist 存在；D. 
change 改变。后文“You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want.”表明可以拥有想要的时间、空间
和金钱等，这意味着要抛开正常的限制，即想象限制不存在。故选C 项。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：想想你的目标和新的可能性。A. possibilities 可能性；B. limitations 限制；C. 
tendency 趋势；D. practice 实践。前文提到“Imagine that normal limitations don’t ____ . You have as much 
time/space/money, etc. as you want.”可知，突破了限制，就会出现很多新的可能情况。故选A 项。
62．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你的目标是学习滑雪，你现在可以一生每天都练习滑雪（因为
你有时间和金钱）。A. in fact 事实上；B. in particular 尤其；C. as a whole 总体上；D. for example 例如。前
文提出“Think about your goal and the new possibilities.”，后面“if your goal is to learn to ski”是对前面内容的
举例说明。故选D 项。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在调整它以适应现实。A. devote 致力于；B. adapt 调整，适应；C. lead
带领；D. keep 保持。前文描述了突破限制想象的情况，如学习滑雪可以每天练习，后文“Maybe you can 
practise skiing ever day in December, or every Monday in January.”是把前面的设想在现实中进行调整以适应现
实情况；adapt...to...表示“调整……适应……”。故选B 项。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从不同的角度看待这种情况。A. private 私人的；B. global 全球的；C. 
different 不同的；D. practical 实际的。根据“Be someone else!”可知，要成为别人，那就是要从不同于自己
的角度去看待事情。故选C 项。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小说家经常想象自己是他们书中的角色。A. features 特征；B. themes 主题；
C. creatures 生物；D. characters 角色。后文“What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What 
changes must she make to get what she wants?”多次提到“character”，说明小说家是把自己想象成书中的角
色。故选D 项。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你的目标涉及其他人，设身处地为他们着想。A. positions 位置，立场；
B. dreams 梦想；C. images 形象；D. directions 方向。前文提到“Look at the situation from a ____ point of 
view”以及“Fiction writers often imagine they are the ____ in their books”都在强调换位思考；put oneself in 
one’s positions 表示“设身处地为某人着想”。故选A 项。
三、语法填空
（2022·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages 
coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of 
the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September 1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light. 
The light did not come from the sun or the moon — and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky,   
67     (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind. In the United States, a man in Boston was using the 
telegraph to speak to a man in Portland, 160 km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but   
68     could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. 
How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky?
The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth,     69     it is 
called aurora borealis or Northern Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 
But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of 
the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it     70     (not happen) 
since then.
Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is 
made by something     71     (call) the ‘solar wind’ (wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. 
It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun all the time at about 400 kilometres a second. Most of the 
particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it     72     these 
particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the 
earth's magnetic field has two ‘windows’ in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places, the 
earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through 
these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash into the particles that are already in our sky. And     73  
this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place     74     (see) the aurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, 
Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland. To see the aurora australis, go to the south of 
Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometres to see the aurora, and they can never be sure     75     it will 
happen. But    76     does see it says that they will never forget it.
【答案】
67．coming    68．they    69．where    70．has not happened    71．called    72．against    73．
when/as    74．to see    75．whether/if    76．whoever
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了极光。
67．考查现在分词。句意：光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。根据句子结构，空格处提示动
词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，且come 与 The light 为主动关系。故填coming。
68．考查代词作作主语。句意：他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以
互相交谈。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”
可知，后半句的主语也为“they”，故填they。
69．考查定语从句。句意：通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的
最南边，它被称为南极光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very north of the earth，关系词在定语从句中
作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
70．考查现在完成时的否定结构。句意：我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后
也没有发生过。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，主语it 表示单
数意义，故填has not happened。
71．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：极光是由一种叫做“太阳风”（来自太阳的分高）的东西产生。根
据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，something 与call
为被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰something，故填called。
72．考查介词。句意：地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。此处考查固定搭配 
defend...against...“保卫……以免受……”，故填against。
73．考查时间状语从句。句意：当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 本段一开始提到
“Why does the aurora happen? (为什么会发生极光？)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说
的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，用when 或as 引导时间状语从句，故填
when/as。
74．考查动词不定式。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。根据句子谓语动词is 判定空格处提示动词
是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式：(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填to see。
75．考查宾语从句。句意：人们千里迢迢去看极光，却永远无法确定它是否会发生。此处引导宾语从句，
表示“是否”，应用whether 或if 引导，故填whether 或if。
76．考查主语从句。句意：但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而
后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推
测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不
会忘记它”，故填whoever。
（2015·上海·高考真题） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages 
coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of 
the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ask helpful Hannah
Dear helpful Hannah,
I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple of months ago and he took it 
on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge     77  
(check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand 
the idea     78     there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like 
when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves     79     any small amount of 
boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see 
80     is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop     81     (ignore) 
me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if     82     has posted something new on the Internet. Our life 
83     (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal 
symptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everyday problem.
I recently read an article about “nomophobia,”     84     is a real illness people can’t suffer from the 
fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels 
anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.
Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!  
Sick and Tired Sadie
【答案】77．to check    78．that    79．as if/as though    80．who    81．ignoring    82．
someone/somebody    83．has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted    84．which
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一封求助信，作者的丈夫对手机上瘾，作者向Hannah 求助。
77．考查不定式。句意：他有一种不断查看下一条信息的冲动；他每五分钟检查一次手机！名词“urge”意
为“冲动”，其后跟不定式作后置定语，have an urge to do sth.意为“有做某事的冲动”，因此空格处是不
定式to check，不定式作后置定语。故填to check。
78．考查同位语从句。句意：他是如此沉迷于它，以至于他无法忍受可能有一个重要的消息的想法。空格
处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明抽象名词idea 的具体内容，从句中不缺任何成分，且句子意思完整，因
此空格处用that。故填that。
79．考查方式状语从句。句意：他表现得好像任何一点无聊都会让他觉得有必要看手机，即使他知道他不
应该看手机。空格处意为“好像”，是as if/as though，引导方式状语从句。故填as if/as though。
80．考查宾语从句。句意：想知道是谁在联系他的诱惑实在太大了。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺
乏主语，指人，意为“谁”，用连接代词who 引导宾语从句。故填who。
81．考查动名词。句意：当我让他放下电话，不再无视我时，他说：“等一下。”但仍然会查看某人是否
在互联网上发布了新内容。“停止做某事”是stop doing sth.，因此空格处用动名词ignoring 作宾语。故填
ignoring。
82．考查不定代词。句意：当我让他放下电话，不再无视我时，他说：“等一下。”但仍然会查看是否有
人在互联网上发布了新内容。此空为if 引导的宾语从句的主语，空格处意为“某人”，是不定代词
someone/somebody，故填someone/somebody。
83．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：我们的生活被打乱了。主语Our life 和谓语动词interrupt 是被动
关系，句子用被动语态，根据语境可知，句子可表示“生活已经被打乱”或“生活正在被打乱”或“生活
现在被打乱了”，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done；或现在进行时的被动语
态，即am/is/are being done；或一般现在时的被动语态，即am/is/are done，主语life 意为“生活”时是不
可数名词。故填has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted。
84．考查定语从句。句意：我最近读到一篇关于“无手机恐惧症”的文章，这是一种真正的疾病，人们无
法忍受没有手机的恐惧！空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词“nomophobia”是物，关系词替代先行词
在从句中作主语，因此空格处用关系代词which。故填which。