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高考英语阅读理解：同义替换词（1）
同义替换Unit1..................................................................................................................1
同义替换Unit2..................................................................................................................2
同义替换Unit3..................................................................................................................3
同义替换Unit4..................................................................................................................4
在阅读理解的某些细节题中，正确选项与原文的大意相同但表达方式不同，即进行了同义
转换。如2020年全国Ⅰ卷第33题，正确选项中用lack of替代了原文中的be short of (缺乏)；
2019年全国Ⅰ卷第29题，正确选项中用vary from person to person替代了原文中的unique
(独一无二的)。对此，我们归纳了常见的150组同义表达，供考生复习参考。事实上，同
义结构放在一块记，有助于扩大词汇量；掌握这些同义表达，对阅读和写作，以及解答其
他题，都是非常有益的。
同义替换Unit1
充满 be full of, be filled with, be flooded with, be crowded with
区分 distinguish/tell A from B
亲自 personally, in person
只有 only, nobody/nothing but
出版 come out, be published
尤其 particularly, in particular
锻炼 exercise, work out
谋生 make/earn a living
代表 represent, stand for, (be) on behalf of
结合 combine, mix sth up
前进 advance, move forward
舒适 comfortable, at ease
十年 decade, ten years
两周 fortnight, two weeks二十 score, twenty
十二 dozen, twelve
成人 adult, grown-up
删除 delete, cut out
下降，减少 decline, come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce
移走 remove, take away
吸收 absorb, take in
与...一致 agree/be consistent/correspond with
把...分开 break sth apart, split/divide/separate sth
用...替换 replace. . .with, use. . .as an alternative to. . .
同义替换Unit2
回答 answer, reply to
收割 harvest, gather,get in
抵制 boycott, refuse to accept, resist,reject
与...相反/对立 contradict, be opposite to
代替 replace, take the place of
背诵 recite, learn. . .by heart
害怕 fear, be afraid/scared of
退（学） quit, drop out of (school)
推迟 delay, postpone, put off
去拿来 fetch, go and bring back
相匹配 match, go with
精力充沛 energetic, full of energy
少数 a minority of, a small number of
打扰 cause trouble to, bother,disturb
描述 describe, give a description of
后来 afterwards, after that, later on
缺席 be absent from, be not present at
目前 nowadays, at present,at the present time
宣布 announce/declare sth, make sth known to the public
重要 count, matter, be important, be of importance. significant,vital,crucial
担心 worry about, be concerned/anxious about
提到 mention,refer to,talk about/of
偶然地 incidentally, accidentally, by chance/accident/coincidence, casually, occasionally同义替换Unit3
展览 on show/display/exhibition
勇敢（去做） be brave to, have courage to
违法的 illegal, not legal, against the law
满足需要 cater to/meet/satisfy the need
放弃 abandon, go away from, leave,give up
信任，信赖 trust, believe, have confidence/faith in
在农村／城市 in the countryside/city, rural/urban areas
劝某人做 advise sb to do, try to persuade sb to do
取消 cancel, call off
劝某人不要做 discourage sb from doing, persuade sb not to do取消
除·······之外besides, as well as, in addition to, apart from
制订计划make a plan, work out a plan, draw up a plan
逃跑escape,run away
开始存在appear, come into being, come into existence
进入enter, come/go into
防...止疾病protect. . .from sickness, avoid/prevent sickness
用完某物run out of sth, lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up
方式，方法way, solution, approach, method, means
情况良好in (a) good condition, in a good state/situation
置若罔闻turn a deaf ear to, refuse to listen to
高兴起来cheer up, become happy
全世界all over/around the world, worldwide, globally, internationally
重力gravity, the pull of the earth
算出calculate, figure out
与·······不同differ from, be different from, vary from. . .to. . .
乱七八糟in a mess,in disorder
气喘吁吁breathless,out of breath
做出决定determine, decide, make a decision
对······有害do harm to, be harmful to
相似，相像resemble, be like, be similar to
低语，耳语whisper, speak in a low voice同义替换Unit4
寻找，追求seek, look/search/hunt for
茫然，困惑at a loss, puzzled/confused
取笑，逗弄tease, make fun of, laugh at, amuse
提高，改善improve, make/become better
庆祝celebrate, hold a celebration
长胖put on/gain weight, grow fat
熟悉know. . .well, be familiar with
处理handle, settle, deal with, cope with
到处everywhere, here and there
加速accelerate, speed up, quicken
值得，应得deserve sth, be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth
保证，确保ensure, guarantee, make sure/certain
把某物分配给某人allocate sth to sb, divide sth among sb
一年一次的annual, yearly, every year
可进入／接近的be accessible,be easy to enter/reach/use
使能做某事enable sb to do, make sb able to do
宁做A不做B do A rather than (doing) B, do A instead of (doing) B
出国go abroad, go to a foreign country
控告accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth
成功做某事manage to do sth, succeed in doing sth
突然笑/哭起来burst into laughter/tears, burst out laughing/crying
不理，忽视ignore, overlook, pay no attention to
挨饿，饿死starve, go hungry, die from hunger
充当；起······的作用act as, serve as
榜样model, example
怒视glare at, look at sth angrily
平静的calm, not excited
抽象的abstract, not specific
积极的active, not passive
残酷地cruelly, without mercy, mercilessly
复杂的complicated, not simple, complex
人造的artificial, man-made
故意地deliberately, on purpose, purposely再一次again, once more, once again, over and over again
独自地alone, by oneself
有危险in danger, at risk
占...比例account for, make up
青少年adolescent, teenager
同义替换Unit5
看医生go to see/consult a doctor
更喜欢prefer sth, like sth better
使生气annoy sb, make sb angry
报道此事cover/report the event
很多a lot (of), a great deal (of)
影响交通hold up/block traffic
澄清，阐明clarify, make sth clear
可得到的be available, be easily got
吸引某人interest/attract/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention
无论如何anyhow, in any way
在·······后面behind, at the back of
无论什么whatever, no matter what
使某人高兴cheer sb up, make sb happy
雇用某人employ/hire sb,take sb on
受欢迎的be popular with,be well received (by...)
得出结论conclude, draw a conclusion
弄明白figure out, find out
试验try out, test
反对be against, oppose, object to, disagree with, disapprove of
认为think/believe that, hold the view that, argue/claim that
做报告give a presentation/talk/speech
辍学，退学drop out of/leave school
优于，胜过have the advantage over, have the edge over, be better than
对某人生气get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb
有机会使用／做have access to sth, have the chance of doing sth
对·····全然不知be in the dark about, know nothing about
告诉某人某事tell sb sth, inform sb of sth, keep sb informed of sth
致力于apply/bend/commit/devote oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to旨在做aim/be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth
一...就... on doing; immediately, directly, instantly; the moment, the minute, the second, the
instant; as soon as,no sooner. . .than, hardly/scarcely. . .when
老年人old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly
聪明的clever,bright,wise,smart
同义替换Unit6
1. particular = special = specific = unique 特别的，独有的
2. absorb = take in 吸收
3. settle on = make choice of = decide on 选定
4. advantage = edge = upper hand 优势
5. accompany = keep sb company = go with 陪伴，伴随
6. view = belief = opinion = insight 观点
7. charge = fee = fare 费用
8. involve ... with = associate ... with = link ... to = relate ... to 与…有关联
9. release = issue = launch = convey = deliver 发行，发表
10. difficult = demanding = hard = tough 困难的
11. task = job = work = labour 任务，工作
12. instantly = rapidly = immediately 立即地
13. react = respond 反应
14. subjective views = personal/individual views (opinions) 主观观点
15. understand = see = follow = grasp = comprehend = take in = figure out 理解，想出
16. assessment = evaluation = estimate = judgment评估，估计
17. appear = surface = come to light 出现
18. remain = keep = stay = maintain 保持
19. development = evolution = growth = progress 发展
20. foster = raise = bring up 培养，养育
21. overtake = catch up = sweep over 赶上，压倒
22. initial = original = premier 最初的，开始的
23. whereas = however = while = nevertheless = but = yet 然而，但是24. reduce = decrease = lessen = cut 减少，减小
25. postpone = put off = delay 延期，推迟
26. crucial = important = critical = vital = necessary = essential 至关重要的
27. attempt = effort 尝试，努力
28. encourage = promote = fuel = further 激发，促进
同义替换Unit7
1.“看”：look; see; watch; observe; notice; catch sight of; stare; glare; glance; glimpse; see a
film; watch TV
2.“说”：telll sth to sb.=tell sb sth; talk with sb about sth; say sth; speak in English; whisper
sth to sb; inform sb of sth; reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth; bargain; chat; repeat;
explain; warn; remind; discuss; debate; figure; declare; claim; mention; admit; deny;
describe; announce; introduce; complain
3.“叫”：cry; call; shout; scream; moan; sigh; quarrel
4.“问”：ask; interview; express; question
5.“答”：answer; respond; reply
6.“听”：listen to; hear; pick up; overhear
7. “笑”：smile; laugh; burst into laughter; burst out laughing
8.“哭”：cry; shed tears; weep; sob; burst into tears /burst out crying
9.“吃/喝”：eat/drink; sip; have a meal; have supper; toast; taste; treat sb to; help oneself to
10. “穿”：put on; wear; have on; be dressed in; make up; get changed; be in red; take off ;
remove
11.“行”：walk ; run ; climb; jump; skip; slip; come/go; enter; move; drive; ride; fly; crawl12.“坐”：sit down; be seated; seat oneself; take a seat，stand; lean
13.“睡/休息”：lie /on one’s back/on one's side/ on one’s stomach; stay in bed; have a rest;
take a nap; be asleep; bend; turn over; rest
14.“写”：dictate; write sth; describe; drop a line; draw; take down/write down
15.“拿/放”： take; bring; hold; carry; fetch; lif; put; lay; pull; push
16.“抓”：take hold of; seize; grasp; scratch
17.“打”：hit; beat; strike; blow; attack
18.“扔”：throw; drop; fall; wave; shake
19.“送”：send; deliver; give; offer; see off
20.“摸/抱”：ouch; fold; embrace; hug; hold; in one’s arms
21.“踢/碰”：kick; knock; tip
22.“找/查”：find; look for; find out; discover/explore; hunt for; search for;seek,seek for in
search of; search sb; search sp. for sth; check; examine; test; inspect
23.“得”：get; obtain; acquire; gain; possess
24.“失”：lose; be lost /be missing/gone; great loss
25.“有”：have; own; conquer; occupy；possess
26.“无”：nothing left; the remaining thing; disappear; be missing /gone
27.“增/减”：rise / go up,drop; raise; bring down /reduce; increase/decrease
28.“买/卖”：buy; purchase; afford; pay; pay off ; pay for; sell; on sale; bargain; bill /
cheque / cash/credit card/notes/coins; discounts
29.“存在/消失”：come into being; exist; appear; survive ; live; show; turn up; disappear;
die; die out; pass away; be out of sight
30.“变化”：develop; improve ; become; grow; go+ bad /wrong/ sour;turn + colour;change /change into; reform
31.“成功/失败”：make it; succeed; make progress; come true; realize one’s dream; win;
lose; fail to do; defeat; suffer loss; beat; turn sth. into reality
32.“努力”：try /manage; make efforts; attempt ; do one's best; do as much as one can to do
33.祝贺：congratulate sb. on sth.; celebrate; observe; get together
34.敬佩：admire; respect; show respect for/to; adore; envy ;be jealousy
35.赞美/批评：praise; think highly of; blame sb for sth; sb is to blame; criticize /scold sb. for
sth.; have a low opinion of sb; speak ill of
36. 喜/恶：like; love; be fond of ; be keen on; be crazy about; adore; be into; prefer; enjoy;
dislike hate; ignore
37.到达：arrive at; reach; return to; get to; stay in sp.; visit; leave; leave for
38.受伤：hurt ; injure; wound; cut; kill; drown; bleed; get burnt; suffer from; suffer a loss
39.损坏：damage; destroy; ruin; break down; crash; be broken
40.修复： repair; rebuild; restore; fix; recover oneself
41.“认识的过程” ：feel; sense; guess; suppose; wonder; doubt; know /learn realize
understand remember; be familiar with; recall; recite; apply to
42.认为;判断：think; believe; consider; find; feel; conclude; infer; doubt
43.想/考虑：think of…as...; think about; consider; think over
44.支持/反对：agree; disagree; accept; receive; refuse; turn down; be against; elect; vote
for/ against
45.花费：sth/doing sth+cost; sb+spend+ (in) doing sth; sb+afford +n/to do sth ; It
+takes/took some time/ money/energy to do sth; sb pay some money for sth.
46.省/存钱：save /save up; set aside; put away
47.参加：take part in; join /join in; attend; compete in/ for/against48.控告：accuse sb. of; charge sb. with
49.救治/帮助： help /help out; save /rescue sb from sth.; treat; cure sb. of sth; aid sb in
doing sth / to do sth; help sb with sth;assist sb in doing sth
50.逃避：run away; escape from; flee; hide
51.阻止/禁止：prevent / keep/ stop sb. from doing sth; forbid doing sth.; ban; prohibit
52.对付/处理：handle / do with / deal with /tackle /overcome sth ; solve; settle
53.效仿：copy; imitate; learn from; learn
54.爆发/发生：come about; happen to; take place; break out; burst out; go off; explode
55.安装/装备：fasten; fix; set; equip; be armed with; be equipped with
56.追求：pursuit; ran after; seek after; chase; catch up with; keep up with
57.建议：advise; suggest; recommend; propose; urge; demand; persuade
58. 打算：plan / intend / design to do; be going to do /be about to do /will do
59.似乎/好象：seem; appear; look like;as if /as though
60.开办/关闭：open; start; set up; close/close up; end; close down
