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2023 年高考英语语法填空解题技巧(解析版)
目录
一、 解题思维导图..................................................................- 3 -
二、 语法填空总述..................................................................- 4 -
语法填空总述1..............................................................- 4 -
语法填空总述2..............................................................- 4 -
语法填空总述3..............................................................- 5 -
三、 有提示词......................................................................- 6 -
一、有提示词解法思维导图.......................................................- 6 -
(一)高频考点之一:提示词为动词.............................................- 6 -
(二)高频考点之二:名、形、副词性转换....................................- 13 -
四、 无提示词.....................................................................- 18 -
一、无提示词解题思维导图......................................................- 18 -
五、 动词的时态和语态.............................................................- 32 -
六、 考试技巧.....................................................................- 43 -
七、 高考真题分项演练.............................................................- 46 -
2023年高考真题................................................................- 46 -
2022年高考真题................................................................- 48 -
八、 高考真题综合演练.............................................................- 55 -
1. 2023年1月浙江卷...........................................................- 55 -
2. 2022年6月新高考1卷.......................................................- 57 -
3. 2022年6月新高考2卷.......................................................- 59 -
4. 2022年6月全国甲卷.........................................................- 61 -
5. 2022年6月全国乙卷.........................................................- 63 -
6. 2022年6月北京卷...........................................................- 65 -
7. 2022年6月浙江卷...........................................................- 66 -
8. 2022年1月浙江卷...........................................................- 68 -
9. 2021.6北京卷...............................................................- 69 -
10. 2021.6新高考一卷..........................................................- 72 -
11. 2021.6新高考二卷..........................................................- 73 -
12. 2021.6全国甲卷............................................................- 75 -13. 2021.6全国乙卷............................................................- 76 -
14. 2021.6浙江卷..............................................................- 78 -
15. 2021.1浙江卷..............................................................- 80 -
16. 2020.7海南卷..............................................................- 81 -
17. 2020浙江卷7月............................................................- 83 -
18. 2020浙江卷1月............................................................- 84 -
19. 2020全国1卷..............................................................- 86 -
20. 2020全国2卷..............................................................- 87 -
21. 2020全国3卷..............................................................- 89 -
22. 2020山东卷(新高考)......................................................- 90 -
23. 2020北京卷................................................................- 92 -
24. 2020.1上海卷..............................................................- 93 -
25. 2020.7上海卷..............................................................- 96 -一、解题思维导图
根据设题规律,可将语法填空题的基本思路归纳成下表:
二、语法填空总述
语法填空总述 1
解题步骤(宏观思路)
第1步:分析词性(横线处应该填入什么词性。)
必须掌握四大词的相互修饰关系(动、名、形容词、副词)
(判断方式:句式结构;解题小公式)
第2步:第1轮解题
1、有提示词:(动名形副)
给出单词词性与需求词性相同→考本身
给出单词词性与需求词性不同→考转化
2、无提示词:R介词 □冠词 □连词 □代词
介词 空格前面有名词,且修饰前面的东西
冠词 一个/这个,那个,这些,那些
连词 从句,或逻辑连词
缺少名词 (填代词;或固定搭配)
第3步:第2轮解题(分析考点口诀后→继续解题或复查)语法填空总述 2
考点口诀
语法填空总述 3
解题小公式
① 名词短语:a/the + adj + n.
举例:a helpful student
② 介词短语:介 + n.
举例:on a table
③ 介词短语加长版:(公式①+②的混合)
介 + a/the + adj + n.
举例:on a big table
【说明】三个公式主要用于动、名、介、冠题。至于具体的运用,后面会有讲解,但是首先要把
这三个公式记住。三、有提示词
一、有提示词解法思维导图
(一)高频考点之一:提示词为动词
【注】是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题,五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态
和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。1. 考查谓语动词
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否作谓语
首先,分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所需词与之是并
列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
第二步: 若填谓语动词, 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致:
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语);
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者);
③看人称和数, 确保主谓一致【例】 [2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that
has survived China's long history. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city
42.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
分析:
第一步:确定填谓语。
分析句子成分可知,空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。
第二步:考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去,根据主语“it (the Xi'an City
Wall)”与动词build之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。
动词(1-4个)
1、考本身:如果横线处需要动词,括号里给的也是动词,即考本身。需要进一步判断到底需要
谓语动词,还是非谓语动词。
①缺谓语动词,需要注意时态和语态(被动)的变化。
【注意】祈使句要用动词原形(2016年全国2卷唯一的一次)
②缺非谓语动词,需要确定是to do, doing还是done的形式。
【注意】 介词+doing是重点
2、考转化:括号里是动词,但是横线处需要其它词,即考转化
如横线处需要名词,需要把动词转化成名词。
动词题(考本身)解题法(总结)动词题(考转化)解题法
【出题方向】动词转化n.或adj.
【出题模型】(不用记,只需要理解)
① a/the + adj (do)+ n. (do)
② 介 + n. (do)
③ 介词+a/the + adj (do)+ n. (do)2.考查非谓语动词
若句中已有谓语动词,空处又不在句中作并列谓语时,所要填的通常是非谓语动
解题 词,此时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说,作主语、宾语、表
攻略 语、定语通常用动名词形式;此外,doing表示主动、正在进行;done表示被动、
完成;to do表示尚未发生的动作。
分析:第一句中已有谓语动词don't have
You don't have to run fast or for
to run,故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据
long __ __ (see) the benefit.
句意可知应填不定式to see,作目的状
You may drink, smoke, be
举例2 语。第二句中已有谓语动词reduce,故空
overweight and still reduce
格处应为非谓语动词。又因空格前有介词
your risk of ____ (die) early
of,结合句意可知,应填dying,作介词of
by running.
的宾语。
Another reason for corn's rise: 分析:句中已有谓语动词encourages,故
举例1
The government encourages farmers 空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应to grow corn instead of rice ____
填不定式to improve,作目的状语。
(improve) water quality.
China's approach to protecting 分析:分析句子成分可知,句中已有谓语
its environment while ___ (feed) 动词offers,再根据空格前有从属连词
its citizens “offers useful while可知,“while ____ (feed) its
举例3
lessons for agriculture and food citizens”为时间状语从句的省略结构,
policymakers worldwide,” says 所填的词与其逻辑主语China之间为主动关
the bank's Juergen Voegele. 系,故应填现在分词feeding。
But my connection with pandas
分析:when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词
goes back to my days on a TV show
was,且从句中无其他连词,故空处应填非
in the mid1980s, when I was the
谓语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动
举例4 first Western TV reporter
关系,故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短
____(permit) to film a special
语permitted to ...作后置定语,修饰
unit caring for pandas rescued
reporter。故填permitted。
from starvation in the wild.
If you find something you love 分析:根据句子结构分析,句子有谓语be
doing outside of the office,
举例5 动词,固定短语 be likely to do sth ,
you’ll be likely____(bring) your
work home. 考查不定式。答案:to bring.
My ambassadorial duties will
include_____(introduce) British 分析:动词 include 在句子中做谓语. 用
Visitors to the 120 - plus Panda
举例6 法是 include doing sth. 考查动词v-ing
at Chengdu and others at a
research center in the misty 形式。答案:introducing
mountains of Bi fengxia.
名词
1、考本身:单复数的变化 ( ★★★★★)
2、考转化:变成需要的其它词性
如friend,可能会变成: 。
考转化→变成需要的其它词性
如给出friend,根据句子需要就可能变成:friendly
...for most of us the___69___(change) are gradual... (2014 全国1卷)
Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and...... 2016全
国1卷Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work... 2016全国
2卷
名词题解法:小公式解题
形容词、副词
1、考本身:比较级或最高级。
2、考转化:形容词与副词的相互转化;形副与动、名词的转化。
考法举例
比如括号里给出happy,
①考本身可填 , ;
②考转化可填 , 。
考副词套路一
出题原理:副词可修饰形容词。
出题方向:在主系表结构里考查副词。
举例:
【原句】She is very beautiful.= She is extremely beautiful.
【出题】She is (extreme)beautiful.
【诀窍】要找到真正的主系表结构。
考副词套路二
出题原理:副词可修饰动词。
出题方向: “助动词1+助动词2+动词”中间加上副词
举例:
【原句】一直在跑
【加副词】一直在飞快地跑 have been quickly running 或者have quickly been running
【出题】have been (quick )running 或者have (quick) been running
【诀窍】要能识别谓语结构,以及这种考题模型。
代词(特殊)常考的代词包括:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,不定代词。
关于it和one (考的次数很少)
如果考it本身,很可能不给提示词!
如果考its,itself,就会给it提示词!
1、给提示词(普通)
给1个词,在其余的4个里选。(如果给it,在its itself中选。)
I me my mine myself
I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_____ (it) choking smog. (2015全国卷)
A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It‘s ____49___ (I )”. (2014全国2卷)
(二)高频考点之二:名、形、副词性转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时,一要根据
空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,动词作谓语与非
谓语,形容词作表语、定语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;二要根据标志词
及语境确定比较级;三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词
的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略 例
【例】 [2021·全国卷乙]It is different from
traditional tourism because it allows the
•第一步:确定是否考查词形转
traveler to become educated about the areas
换:
— both in terms of geographical conditions
提示词为动词, 如果既不是谓
and cultural characteristics, and often
语动词, 也不是非谓语动词,
provides money for conservation and benefits
则考虑动词词性转换。
the ________ (develop) of the local areas.
•第二步:确定转换为名词或形
分析:第一步:确定是否考查词性转换
容词:
提示词为动词,句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语
根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分
provides可知,空格处既不是谓语动词, 也不是非
进一步分析,如果作动词或介词
谓语动词, 则考虑动词词性转换。
的宾语、作主语, 动词常转换
第二步:确定转换为名词或形容词
为名词; 如果作表语或者定
语,动词常转换为形容词。
根据分析句子成分,空格在冠词the之后, 应填名
词。1.动词转换为形容词:
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.+ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的;令人兴奋的
③v.+词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.+词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2动词转换为名词
①v.+-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词,表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n.庆祝
compete→competition n.比赛
pollute→pollution n.污染
educate→ education n.教育
②v.+-ment转换为名词,表示“行为或结果”achieve→achievement n.成就
announce→announcement n.宣布
argue→argument n.争论, 论据
develop→development n.发展
③v.+-er/-or 转换为名词, 表示“人”
perform→performer n.表演者
settle→settler n.移民者
educate→educator n.教育家
direct→director n.导演
3.名词的单复数:
若提示词是可数名词单数,分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,此时应考虑填名词的复数。
若有以下情况考虑名词复数:
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用
名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式,则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词,如果作定语修饰后面的名词,则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.+-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.+-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.+-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.+-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.+-y→adj. wealth→wealthy5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词,如果作谓语或非谓语,则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后
缀
①加前缀en-: courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及;使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v.道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系, 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,形式为-s'或-es'。
7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系, 确定句意表否定时,添加否定前缀(un-,im-,dis-等)或否定
后缀(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal,
than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in,of,among等时用最高级。
③设空前有one of the,the+序数词等修饰词时,用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型“the+比较级 ...the+比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词,但暗含比较级或最高级,也需要用比较级或最高级。
9.提示词为代词,当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;
1.作主语:人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)
2.作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours,
mine, yours, its等)
3.作定语:形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)
4.如果宾语与主语是指同一人,用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)
5.填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
6.that,those作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
举例:
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the
benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die)
early by running.While running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the
review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or
swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66
showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease
and early deaths from all 6 7 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise , it's
probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68
(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is
cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for
only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should
all give 7 0 a try.四、无提示词
一、无提示词解题思维导图
“无提示词类”解题攻略
(一)高频考点之一:填介词
解题 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。对介词
攻略 的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。
But my connection with pandas goes 分析:考查固定搭配中的介词。go back
举例1 back ________ my days on the TV show to为固定搭配,意为“追溯到……”。
in the mid1980s, ... 故答案为to。
I was searching these three
举例2 分析:search for意为“寻找”,为固
western lowland gorillas I'd beenobserving. 定搭配。
When a new day breaks, the walls have
分析: at the same time 意为“同
given up their heat and are now cold
时”,是一个固定词组。故填at。
举例3 enough to cool the house during the
hot day; ________ the same time,
they warm up again for the night.
For those who fly to Guilin, it's 分析:乘坐交通工具可用by表达,而且
only an hour away ________ car and 名词原形前不用冠词。故填by。
举例4
offers all the scenery of the better-
known city.
But can uniforms help improve school
分析:名词answer与介词to连用,表
举例5 standards? The answer
示“……的答案”。帮填to。
this question is not clear.
(二)高频考点之二:填冠词
冠词的考点归纳:
(1) 定冠词的常考必备:
①定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“这 / 那个”之意,但语气较弱,可以和名词连
用,表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
②叙述上文提到过的特定的事物或上文未提到,但听话者一定知其所指。
③用于序数词、形容词的比较级、最高级以及形容词only,very,same之前。
④用于表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物尤指各种天体或世界上比较有影响的物体名词前。
⑤用于表示具体的地点、方位,具体的时间或某天的一部分等。
⑥用于表示山川、河流、海洋、群岛、报纸、杂志、朝代的专有名词及由普通名词构成的专有名
词之前等等。(2) 不定冠词的常考必备:
①表示数量“一”,与one相近。
②用在首次提到的人或物之前,表泛指。
③用在物质名词、抽象名词之前,表示“一阵,一场,一种……”,也可以表示引起某种情绪的
事,即抽象名词具体化使用。
④用于be of a(an)+ n.结构中,表示“相同……的”。
⑤ 用于so / as / too / how + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。
⑥不定冠词a或an用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前,表示“每一”之意,”相当于
every或one,但概念上没它们那么强烈。
(3) 零冠词的常考必备:
①称呼语及表示头衔、职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,其前一般不加冠词。
②在as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词前不加冠词。
③专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前, 一般不加冠词。
【考例分析】
【例 1】After the new students are accepted, many colleges and universities offer
instruction program for them.
【答案】an
【解析】考查不定冠词。instruction program在文中第一次出现,以元音音素开头,故判断填
an。
【例2】Actually, many of the teachers can’t give students efficient way
to deal with reading.
【答案】an
【解析】考查不定冠词。way是可数名词单数,被efficient(元音音素开头)修饰,属于a\an
形容词+可数名词(单数)搭配。
【例 3】So generation after generation, there is no end to ______ number of
people who can do their part.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。the number of ……的数量,固定短语;【例4】This is how the dog lost the game. He had come to _ _ ___ right place at the
very beginning but failed to find the bone because he only complained and didn't try
at all.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。place 可数名词单数形式,前无限定词,考虑填冠词。此为特指,因此
填the。
【方法总结】1: 如何判断空格处应填冠词?
下列情况很可能填不定冠词:
(1)________+可数名词(单数);
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填定冠词:
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指);
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者空格处修饰序数词、最
解题
高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时,那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在
攻略
一些固定搭配中的用法。
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with
the gorilla, who begins screaming at
分析:考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the
举例1 ______ top of her lungs. That makes
top of,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
her baby scream, and then a 400-
pound male appears.
This included digging up the road,
laying (lay) the track and then 分析:考查冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一
举例2
building a strong roof over 个结实的顶,所以在 top前加the。
top.
When we got a call saying she was
分析:joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在
举例3 short-listed, we thought it was
此处表示泛指,故填a。
joke.
分析:有些考生会认为 honest是以辅音字
On the other hand, as is known to
母h开头,而误认为要用不定冠词a。实际
举例4 all, ______ honest man wins the
上,判断是用a还是用an 的关键是看单词
respect of others.
发音而不是看首字母。故填an。
举例5 There was ______big bright moon 分析:有些考生一看见moon,就认为这里是要用定冠词the,而忽略了其前有形容词修
饰时,要用不定冠词。
【试题解析】表示独一无二的事物的名词前
有形容词修饰时,需要用不定冠词a或者
hanging in the sky, giving off a
an,此处moon前有修饰语big bright,因
magic glow.
此应用a。
【参考答案】a
【不定冠词提分秘籍】
不定冠词有两个,a 和 an。a用在辅音开头(不是辅音字母,是音标)的单词前面;an用于以
元音开头(不是元音字母,是音标)的单词前。如:a book, an apple;a university,an
hour.
1. 用于泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.
2. 用于第一次提到或出现的名词前,表泛指,不特别指明具体情况。
There is a cup on the desk, but the cup isn’t mine.
3. 用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
I have three books, and I want to buy a fourth one.
4. 用于形容词的比较级前,表示“一个更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we’ll have a better view.
5. 用于姓名、星期名称前,表示“某个名叫……的人,一个跟某人相仿的人,某人的作品、
发明”或“某个星期几”。
Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. 专家们认为
这幅新发现的油画或许是毕加索的画作。
6. 用于表示价格、速度、比率等的名词前表示“每一”。
He works eight hours a day.
7. 用于物质名词或抽象名词具体化时。这类名词仅表示概念时,是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。但如果表示具体的人或事,特别是
前面有形容词修饰时,就变成了可数名词,前面要加不定冠词。具有此用法的名词有:success,
failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, pity, danger, comfort, honour等。
surprise惊奇 → a surprise 一件意想不到/令人惊奇的事
failure失败 → a failure 一个失败的人;一件失败的事
success成功 → a success 一个成功的人;一件成功的事
rain雨 → a heavy rain 一场大雨
注意:常考的不可数名词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun,
space(太空), advice, word(消息), progress, information, news, equipment, wealth等。
这些不可数名词一般不与不定冠词连用。
8.用于短语搭配中
(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”,表示动作的一次。
have/take a rest休息一会儿;have/take a look看一下;have/take a bath洗个澡。
(2)“go out for a(n)+名词”,表示从事某项活动。
go out for an outing去郊游;go out for a picnic去野餐。
(3)习惯搭配中。
come to an end结束;drop sb. a line给某人写信;at a disadvantage处于不利地位;
in a way从一方面说;in a word总之;in a sense就某种意义来说;on a diet吃特定食物;
with a view to为了,鉴于。
【定冠词提分秘籍】
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,这是定冠词的基本用法
①The books on the desk were published last month.
桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。
②The factory I mentioned has installed a new assembly line.
我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。
③We were all lost in the beauty of nature.
我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。
2.再次提到前面已出现的人或事物,表示特指①I met a friend in the street;he said he had been seriously ill.
我在街上遇见了一位朋友,他说他生过一场大病。
②He told us a story,but I was not interested in the story.
他给我们讲了一个故事,但我对这个故事不感兴趣。
3.指谈话双方彼此都知道的人或事物
We went to the station to see the manager off.
我们到车站为经理送行。
4.用在某些可数名词单数前,用来指事物的整体(总称)与其他事物的区别
①The telephone was invented by Bell.
电话是贝尔发明的。
②The elephant is much stronger than the horse.
象比马强壮得多。
5.用在表示某国人的名词前
the Chinese中国人;the French法国人;the English英国人;the Spanish西班牙人;
the Dutch荷兰人;the Irish爱尔兰人;the Swiss瑞士人;the Japanese日本人。
6.某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类人(表示复数)
the homeless无家可归的人;the rich富人;the poor穷人;the blind盲人;the old老
年人;the young年轻人;the strong强者;the weak弱者;the sick病人;the wounded伤者。
7.在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词,表示“再次”“又一”)
She lives on the twelfth floor.她住在十二楼。
8.在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的),very(正是那个),same(同样的)等前加定冠词
the
①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
②He must be the only student who has ever been to the city in our class.
他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的同学。③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
9.在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the
the earth地球;the moon月亮;the sun太阳;the sky天空;the universe宇宙;the
world世界;the air空中;the ground地面。
10.用于时间、重量等单位名词之前,表示每一个单位
①The boat is hired by the hour.
小船按小时出租。
②There are two or three apples to the pound.
每磅有两三个苹果。
11.在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the
in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方;on the right/left在右/左边。
12.在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前,要用定冠词the
the Yellow River黄河;the Rhine莱茵河;the Pacific太平洋;the Red Sea红海;the
Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉;the British Isles不列颠群岛;the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡;the
Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。
13.用在逢“十”的数词前,指世纪的某个年代
in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。
14.乐器名称前用定冠词the
She plays the piano best in her class.
她钢琴在班上弹得最好。
15.在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”
the Browns布朗一家;the Lis姓李的一家。
16.在“动词+sb.+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”的固定结构中
hit sb. in the face打某人的脸;take sb. by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手;pat
sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩;hit sb. on the head打某人的头。本结构中不能用物主代词替代定冠词,常用于该结构的动词有pat,strike,beat,hit,
catch,put,take等。
17.在短语搭配中
in the end最后;come to the point谈到正题;on the contrary相反;in the morning
在早晨;in the distance在远处;in the water在水中;on the subject of关于……的主题;
on the air在广播。
【冠词词组分析提分秘籍】
英语中有不少词组,从形式看好像只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的词组。
1. in front of 在……(外)的前面;in the front of在……(内)的前面
There is a garden in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一个花园。(外)
There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室前面有一块黑板。(内)
2. in charge of 掌管、负责;in the charge of 在……负责之下
An experienced worker is in charge of the project. 一位有经验的个人负责这个项目。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 这个项目由一位经验丰富的工
人负责。
3. at table 在进餐、吃饭时;at the table 在桌旁
He seldom talks at table. 吃饭时他很少说话。
They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 他们坐在桌旁,边说边笑。
4. by day 白天、日间;by the day 按日计
He works in an office by day. 他白天在办公室工作。
Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 大城市的清洁女工按日获得报酬。
5. take place 发生、举行;take the place (of) 代替、接替
When did this conversation take place? 这次谈话什么时候进行的?
Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in our country. 在我们国
家,电力火车已经取代了蒸汽火车。
6. in words 用语言;in a word 总之
Please express your thoughts in words. 请用言语表达你的想法。
In a word, I don’t trust you. 总之,我不相信你。
7. at times 有时、不时;at a time 一次
I do feel a little nervous at times. 有时我确实感到有些紧张。Pass me the bricks two at a time. 每次递给我两块砖。
8. little 少、不多的;a little 一些、一点儿
Hurry up, there is little time left. 快点,时间不多了。
Don’t hurry, you still have a little time. 不用急,你还有时间。
9. few 很少、几乎没有的;a few 有些、几个
He is a man of few words. 他是一个少言寡语的人。
Only a few of the children can read. 只有几个孩子会阅读。
10. a most interesting 非常有趣的;the most interesting 最有趣的(形容词的最高级)
This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。
This is the most interesting story of the three. 这是三个故事中最有趣的一个。
11. a doctor and nurse 一位医生兼护士;a doctor and a nurse 一位医生和一位护士
A doctor and nurse is standing there. 一位兼护士的医生正站在那儿。
A doctor and a nurse are standing there. 一位医生和一位护士正站在那儿。
12. a number of 许多、好些;the number of ……的数目(后面的谓语动词用单数)
A number of students are in the classroom. 许多学生在教室里。
The number of students in the classroom is forty. 教室里有40个学生。
(三)高频考点之三:填从属关联词当空格前后为两个句子,且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时,空格处应填
解题
从属关联词。一般情况下,考查的是定语从句的关联词,有时也考查名词性从句或状语
攻略
从句的关联词。
Two of the authors of the review
also made a study published in 2014
分析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导限制性
____ showed a mere five to 10
举例1 定语从句,修饰先行词a study,并在定语
minutes a day of running reduced
从句中作主语,故填that/which。
the risk of heart disease and early
deaths from all causes.
Over time, ____ the population
分析:根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处引
grew, people began cutting food
举例2 导时间状语从句,表示“随着”或“当……
into small pieces so it would cook
时候”,故填as/when。
more quickly.
分析:如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就
His boss was____ angry as to fire
举例3 可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as
him.
to...,所以,so是正解。
分析:审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引
He did not done_____ his father had
举例4 导词,此引导词在从句中充当宾语,且指
asked him to do.
物,所以是what。
分析:经过察看可以判断横线所在为定语从
Those_____ want to go to the 句的引导词,进一步视察可知先行词为
举例5
village must sign here. those,且指人,所以只能填入who,在定语
从句中做主语。
While they are rare north of
分析:设空处引导同位语从句,说明
88°,there is evidence
evidence的内容,故填that;that在从句
举例6 they range all the way across the
中只起连接作用,不充当任何成分。所以填
Arctic, and as far south as James
that。
Bay in Canada.
连词题解题逻辑图①主格 ②宾格 ③形容词性物 ④名词性物主代 ⑤反身代词
主代词 词
I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourself
you you your yours yourselves
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
they them their theirs themselves
代词
注意:可以给提示词,也可以不给提示词
代词——给提示词
解题:四选一代词——不给提示词
解题:填it(90%)或one
难点:如何判断此考点?
判断原理:代词是名词的替身。
两个条件
①首先判断:填空处需要名词。
① 有给提示词。
【快速解题】形式主语,形式宾语和强调句中的it
没有提示词的情况:
(1)名词前面一般用冠词或介词等。
【注】固定搭配 as a result等
As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something
missing. (2017全国1卷)
(3)并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days 64 even a few months.(2014全国
一)
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___62____ some of them looked very
anxious(2014全国二)
(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入连词:what,which, who,
how, when等。
比如宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分
析到底是什么从句,从而选择合适的从属连词(状语从句的连接词:when,if ,unless, though,
because,until等)
Maybe you have a habit 6 7 is driving your family crazy. 2014全国一
Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries 2018
浙江卷
I didn’t understand __20__ this would happen... 2014广东 Raise your leg and let 6 5 stay in the air for seconds. 2014天津
Many westerners 57 who come to China cook much less than in their own countries
once they realize how cheap 5 8 can be to eat out.
代词题总结
五、动词的时态和语态
命题规律
时态与语态一直是热点,也是广大考生复习备考的难点。考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语
言应用能力,能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态;熟练掌握常见的 8种时态,弄清
16种时态,同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。高
考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握。大部分时态题答案的选择取决于语境;但也有
部分时态试题较易把握,其用法相对固定,常见于特定句式结构中;还有部分常见时态用法特殊。
时态和语态高考常考点:
(1)一般现在时考点分析:
①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)。
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动
词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem
等。
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从
句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如 come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、
pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发
生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。
(2)一般过去时的考点分析:
①一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用
(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的
事通常用过去式。
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动
词连用过去式。
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常用用一般过去时。
(3)一般将来时考点分析:
①表示未来的动作或状态常用 will / shall + 动词(常与表示将来的时间状语边用如
tomorrow、next week等)。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来
时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别:be going to 表
示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;
shall / will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来,不
能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将
发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。be about to do sth.表示“即可,
就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
(4)现在进行时考点分析:
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
(A)表示心理状态、情感的动作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe,
want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。
(B)表存在的状态的动词:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend
on。
(C)表示一时性动作的动词:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。
(D)表示感官的动词:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
(5)过去完成时考点分析:
①常用过去完成时的几种情况:
(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间
的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced
20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.
(B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant /
intended/though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:
hoped / planned … + to have done。
(C)“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词 +
ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。如:He said his first teacher had
died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
(D)表示“一……就”的几个句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 +
过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如:We had no sooner been
seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus
started.②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
(6)过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比:用would do、was / were going to do sth.
表过去将来;come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时;was / were to do sth.和was /
were about to do sth.表过去将来。
(7)过去进行时考点分析。
①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
(8)现在完成时考点分析。
①现在完成时除可以和 for、since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:
during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句;This(That /
It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时;This(That / It)is the only … +
that + 完成时;This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that
从句 + 完成时。
③在时间或条件状语从句中,现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。
(9)被动语态考点分析:被动语态的构成方式:be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become +
过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强
调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。使用被动语态时应注意的几个问
题:
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。
②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变
被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,
被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主
语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
【考例分析】
【例1】He ______ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
【解析】was pretending 由“and giving”可确定,用过去进行时,构成并列谓语。
【例2】Where men control the household, less money ______ (spend) on healthcare and food,
which results in poorer health for children.
【解析】is spent money与spend之间存在被动关系,故用被动语态,从句时态提示应用一般现在时。
【例3】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in
the kitchen. Suddenly, he ______ (find) that he has run out of salt.
【解析】found 主格代词he后应为谓语动词,由语境由One day和“invited”可知,用一般过去
时。
【例4】In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,
Ohio. It ____(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. [2014·新课标全国卷
Ⅰ]
【解析】was 考查动词时态。上文提到的事情是1969年的事情,所以这里应该用过去式。
【例 5】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop . . . . . . A boy on a bike
__65__(catch) my attention. [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]
【解析】caught 考查动词时态。根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus
stop…”可知本文叙述的是一件过去发生的事情,所以使用一般过去时。
【例6】Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi ____(call) “shadow boxing” in English. [2014·辽
宁卷]
【解析】 is called 考查被动语态。这句话的意思是:太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing,
这里用一般现在时的被动:is called。
【例7】 He walked in as if he ____ (buy) the school. [2012·广东卷]
【解析】had bought 考查虚拟语气及时态。在主格人称代词 he后,显然是作谓语;又因他不
可能买下了这个学校,故应用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,故填had bought。
【例 8】One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious
food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he _______ (find)that he had run out of salt.
【2013·广东卷】
【解析】 found。考查谓语动词的时态。根据句意:他突然发现他没有盐了。此处缺谓语,再根据本文为讲述一个故事,故这里谓语动词应用一般过去时。
【方法总结】规律方法5:如何判断空格处应填时态、语态、语气?
(1) 寻找关键信息词。题干中的某些关键信息对于解答时态、语态、语气类的题目尤为重要。
(2) 利用上下文语境。利用上下文语境是解决时态、语态、语气类题目常用的最有效的方法,
(3) 判断是否是客观真理。如果句子所表达的是客观真理、寓言故事、谚语、格言等,通常用一
般现在时。
非谓语动词
命题规律
非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语
法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握:非谓语动词的时态和语态;他
们在英语句子中的作用;非谓语动词的基本用法和含义,非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子
成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等;掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分
时的辨析;掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。
非谓语动词高考常考点:
(1)非谓语动词的时态和语态
主动形式 被动形式
动词不
一般式 to do to be done
定式
进行式 to be doing
to have been
完成式 to have done
done
to have been
完成进行式
doing
一般式 doing being done
动词-
ing
having been
完成式 having done
形式
done
过去分词 只有一种形式done
(2)非谓语动词作状语①不定式作状语:a.作目的状语,有时用in order to或so as to。b. 作结果状语,常用
结构enough to,too...to...,only to等。c. 作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连用,
如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。d. 在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”的结构
中,常用主动形式表示被动含义。
②动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语:a. 动词-ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所
表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生,having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。b.
动词-ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。
③过去分词作状语:a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语
动作发生。b. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。
④不定式与动词-ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语的比较:不定式作结果状语表示意想不到
的结果;而动词-ing形式(现在分词)作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
⑤动词-ing形式(现在分词)与过去分词作状语的比较:作状语时,是用动词-ing形式(现
在分词)还是过去分词,取决于该动词与主语之间的关系,若为意义上的主动关系,则用动词-
ing形式(现在分词);若为动宾关系,则用过去分词。
(3)非谓语动词作定语
①不定式作定语:a. 不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系,如果不定式中的动
词是不及物动词,一般要跟相应的介词。但是,如果不定式修饰的名词是 time,place,way等,
不定式后面的介词习惯省去。b. 若名词前有序数词、最高级或no,all,only等修饰,后面一
般用不定式作定语。c. 用来修饰抽象名词时常用不定式作定语,常见的有ability,chance,
attempt,warning等。
②动词-ing形式(现在分词)作定语:动词-ing形式(现在分词)作定语时与它修饰的名词之
间为逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作的主动和进行。
③过去分词作定语:过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作
的被动和完成。
(4)非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语:
①不定式作宾补:a. 常跟不定式作宾补的动词有 advise,allow,ask,tell,teach,
encourage,cause等。b. 感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带 to,但变为被动语态,
作主补的不定式需带to。常见的词有:一感觉:feel;二听:listen to,hear;三使:let,have,make;四看:see,watch,notice,observe等。另外,help后作宾补的不定式符号to可
有可无。c. 下列结构中用不定式作主补,例如be said/reported/believed/considered to等。
②动词-ing形式(现在分词)作宾补:动词-ing形式(现在分词)作宾补时强调宾语发出的动
作正在进行。常见带有这种复合宾语的动词有:六让:make,let,have,get,keep,leave;
三看:look at,see,watch;两听:listen to,hear;一注意:notice;一发现:find;一感
觉:feel等。
③过去分词作宾补:过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有逻辑上的被动关系,
且表示完成。
(5)非谓语动词作宾语:
①有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,常见的有agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,
hope,manage,refuse,offer,pretend,wish,promise等。
②有些动词或短语只能跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,常见的有admit,appreciate,
avoid,consider,delay,dislike,escape,excuse,imagine,mind,miss(错过),risk,
suggest, be used to(习惯于),can't stand(无法忍受),give up,feel like,keep on,
insist on,look forward to,put off,devote to,stick to,object to,get down to等。
③有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,意义区别不大,但表示经
常性的动作常用动词-ing 形式(动名词),表示具体的动作常用不定式,常见的有 begin,
start,continue,like,love,prefer等。
④有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,但意义有着明显的
区别,常见的有:forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做);forget doing sth.忘记做过某事
(已做);remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做);remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已
做);try to do sth. 尽力去做某事;try doing sth. 试着做某事;regret to do sth. 对即
将做的事感到遗憾(未做);regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做);stop to do sth.
停下来去做另一件事(此处不定式作状语);doing sth. 停止做某事;mean to do sth. 打算做
某事;mean doing sth. 意味着做某事;go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事;go on doing
sth. 继续做同一件事;can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮助做某事;can't help doing sth.
情不自禁做某事
⑤动词need,want,require后跟doing作宾语时,主动形式表示被动含义,另外be worth
doing也是主动表示被动。
⑥介词后一般跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,但but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前面有实义动词do则不带to,反之则带to。
⑦动词如find,feel,expect,think,consider,make等词后接不定式作宾语,宾语后跟
形容词或名词作宾补,此时要用it作形式宾语。
⑧某些动词跟动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语,但需跟不定式作宾补,常见的有 allow,
permit,forbid,advise,consider等。
(6)非谓语动词作主语和表语:
①不定式与动词-ing形式(动名词)作主语和表语的区别:不定式表示某一具体的,尤其是
未发生的动作;动词-ing形式(动名词)表示抽象的、泛指的动作。作主语时常用it作形式主语
而把不定式或动词-ing形式(动名词)置后。
②过去分词与动词-ing形式(现在分词)作表语的区别:两者作表语时基本都是已经形容词
化的动词-ing形式(动名词)或过去分词,此时表示“令人……的”用动词-ing形式(现在分
词);表示“感到……的”用过去分词。
【考例分析】
【例 1】It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns (scare) the animals
away if they come too near.
【答案】to scare
【解析】考查非谓语动词。不定式表目的。
【例2】H The next day, a man named Zhi Sou saw them working and tried to stop them,
_____ _ (say), “You are silly!...”
【答案】saying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。现在分词做状语, 表示主动。
【例3】Later, ______ (move) by Yu Gong, the God of the Heavens ordered another god
to take the two big mountains away.
【答案】moved,
【解析】考查非谓语动词。过去分词做状语,表示被动。
【例 4】But she is thinking of (switch) to a different way of transport--abicycle.
【答案】switching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。think of后面跟动名词,作宾语。
【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词?
(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。句子按照结构可分为三类,即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复
合句都需要连词来引导,如果句子中出现了连词,应选谓语动词形式;如果两个结构中未出现连
词,则考虑用非谓语动词。
(2) 正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间的关系。
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词
特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。判断非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被
动。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致,找不到其逻辑主语时,整个句
子或句子的主语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是正
确选择非谓语动词形式的保证,不管是作什么成分的非谓语动词都具有以下特点:
1.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,可用现在分词;
2.如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,可用过去分词。
(3)正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生的时间先后顺序
非谓语动词具备动词的一些特点,也可以有动作发生的时间。对于谓语动词,我们用时态来表示
动词发生的时间;对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生的时间。非谓语动词所表示的时间
是一个相对时间,即相对于谓语动词的时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词的不同形式所指时
间的含义。如 to have done,having done 表示该动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生;to be
doing,doing强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
情态动词和虚拟语气
命题规律
情态动词和虚拟语气考点,是英语高考中的必考点。在高考中主要考查点有:情态动词的基本用
法、情态动词表推测的用法、情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法、虚拟条件句的用法、虚拟语气在名
词性从句中的用法、时间错综的虚拟条件句等。
情态动词和虚拟语气高考常考点:
情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中占的比重一直比较稳定,每年总有一至两个题,可以单独考查,也可以结合虚拟语气考查。命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查考
生对情态动词的理解和掌握,难度也保持较为稳定的趋势。其考点主要包括:
1、考查情态动词的基本用法。如:can和could的用法及区别;will和would的用法及区别;
must的用法;shall用于不同人称时的用法和should的各种用法;need的用法等。
2、考查情态动词的“推测”功能。如:can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测,使用时
要注意以下几点:(1)注意语气。语气较强用 must, cannot,couldn’t;语气较弱 may,
might或can,could;(2)注意句式。在肯定句中,一般用 may,might,must;在否定句,疑
问句中常用can,could;(3)注意时态。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时通常用“情态
动词+ 动词原形”结构;表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测,通常用“情态动词+进行
体”结构;表示对过去情况的推测,通常用“情态动词+完成体”结构。
3、考查情态动词的特殊用法。如:
(1)cannot /can't 与too/over(‐)/enough /perfectly /sufficiently 等词连用,意
为“越…越…”“无论怎样… …也不为过”、“决不会… …够(过)”。
(2)cannot wait to do sth意为“急于做某事”,。
(3)would 和used to的区别;can 和be able to的区别。
(4)“may / might well+动词原形”意为“理应,有足够的理由”;“may/ might as well
+动词原形”意为“还不如,不妨,还是…的好”。
(5)must表示偏执型,意为“偏要”;“硬要”;can用在肯定句,可以表示客观上的“可能
性”;shall用在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等;should表示估计或推测上
的“应该”,译为“可能,该,估计,按理应当”;will 可以表示习惯和倾向性,意为“惯于,
老是, 终归是”等。
4、考查虚拟语气在各种从句以及隐含、混合等句中的运用。如:wish,as if/though,if
only,would rather,otherwise, without等。
【考例分析】
【例 1】It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I
_______(do) it?【答案】had done
【解析】题意:John打坏了窗户,为什么跟“我”谈话?好像是“我”打坏了窗户似的。题中
broke表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”。as if / though后面的从句用had done表示对“过
去”的虚拟。
【例2】If Mr. Dewey _____(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance
to
the people there.
【答案】had been
【解析】本题考查的是if条件从句与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用had + v-ed,主句用
would / could/ should / might + v-ed。句意:如果Dewey先生在场的话,他会提供那里人们
的任何可能的帮助。
【方法总结】考查情态动词和虚拟语气主要是借助情态动词考时态。
六、考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 看到空格处修饰的是名词, 要想到用形容词。
2. 看到空格处修饰的是动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 要想到用副词。
3. 看到与than连用, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级。
4. 看到and, or, but等并列连词前或后用的比较级, 要想到用比较级。
5. 看到语境中暗含比较含义, 要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外
的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’ s+ 形 容 词 +(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ;It’ s no good/use/pleasure doing sth.
;find/think/believe/consider+it+ adj. +to do sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓
语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非
谓语动词。
非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。
1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副
词。
2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从
句中用who。
(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定
语从句中用whom。
(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制
性定语从句用which。
(4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如
果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物,
则用which。
语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;
第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语
就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。
【关键技法点拨】
语法填空解题策略
1. 完整的句子中, 如果两个单词或短语并列, 要填并列连词;
2. 若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号, 也没有连词, 空格处必定填连词;
3. 牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;
4. 全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词, 熟悉它们的用法;
5. 准确判断主从句的逻辑关系, 同时要注意区分易混词。
语法填空解题策略
建议今后注意一下强调句型。 在未来考试中可能考查到。
其考查点有:
(1)强调句型用于强调陈述句;
(2)强调句型用于强调一般疑问句;
(3)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句;
(4)强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句用在宾语从句的语序;
(5)强调句型用于强调not. . . until. . . 句型。
七、高考真题分项演练
2023 年高考真题
1. (广东第二师范学院番禺附属中学2022-2023年高二上学期开学考试)A child born in
the US today has ___________very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and
needs to plan accordingly.
【答案】a
考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计
划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。2. (江苏省淮安市淮海中学 2022-2023学年高二上学期收心考试)For example, in the
US, there has been a push to get more girls interested in such subjects at
___________ early age.
【答案】an
考查冠词。根据短语at an early age表示“在很小的时候,在早年”。故填an。
3. (辽宁师范大学附属中学 2022-2023学年高二上学期开学考试)Famous actor Matthew
Broderick was caught (catch) up in a bad collision when he rented
___________vehicle in Ireland because he forgot that they drive on the
opposite side of the road.
【答案】a
考查冠词。句意:著名演员马修•布罗德里克在爱尔兰租了一辆车,却被卷入了严重的车祸,因为他
忘记了他们是在路的另一边开车。vehicle意为:车辆;工具;交通工具,可数名词,此处泛指一辆
车,故其前填不定冠词,vehicle的读音以辅音发音开头,故答案为a。
4. (山东省山东师范大学附属中学 2022-2023 学年高二上学期开学考试)This is a
primary school in Finland. The students at the school are having a math class
with their robot teacher. The “teacher” is ___________ small, blue machine
about 25cm high, Reuters reported.
【答案】a
考查冠词。句意:据路透社报道,这台“老师”是一台25厘米高的蓝色小机器。由machine为单数名
词以及句意可知,此处为泛指“一个”蓝色小机器,不定冠词a后接单数可数名词可表泛指概念。故
填a。
5. (山东省山东师范大学附属中学 2022-2023 学年高二上学期开学考试)Then clay
characters were set on ___________ iron plate according to the text of a
book.
【答案】a
考查冠词。句意:据路透社报道,这台“老师”是一台25厘米高的蓝色小机器。由machine为单数名
词以及句意可知,此处为泛指“一个”蓝色小机器,不定冠词a后接单数可数名词可表泛指概念。故
填a。
6. (重庆市南开中学校 2022-2023 学年高二上学期培优班开学考试)I enquired andfound that he was no more. He died ___________very night we both met last.
【答案】the
考查冠词。句意:他就在我们昨天见面的那晚去世了。the very night意为就在那天晚上,the特指
那天晚上,故填the。
2022 年高考真题
(2022年新高考1卷)
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
答案: as
解析:考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带
来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
(2022新高考I卷)
Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案:the
解析:考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之
一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
(2022全国甲卷)
He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike
back to Xi’an in five months.
答案: from
解析:考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步
回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词
from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
(2022全国甲卷)____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
答案:A
解析:考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛
指“他的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母
大写。故填A。
(2022全国乙卷)
To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
答案:the
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列
活动。特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
(2022全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
答案: by
解析:考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据
句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在 5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词
+by”。故填by。
二、2021年高考真题
1. ( 2021.6 新 高 考 1 卷 语 法 填 空 ) While you're in China, Mount Huangshan
is 1 0 must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,must 为名词,表示 "必须的事" ,所以前应用冠词,
且无特指。故填a。
2.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the
top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数
形式。故填humans。
3.(2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped
at the different gates and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构, and 前后一致, and前是the different gates,名词的
复数形式,所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
4.(2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空). 9 (activity) there range from
whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on
the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语,同时谓语动词 range为非三单形式,因此应使
用名词复数形式。句意:那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
5.(2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will
never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does
in 9 (I).
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中 it指代the
song, does指代动词sticks,空格处应指 my memory, 为了避免重复,用名词性物主代词来代
替 "形容词性物主代词 + 名词"。故填mine。
6. ( 2021.1 浙 江 卷 语 法 填 空 ) It is calculated by dividing
a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared,
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数(以千克为单位)除以身高数
(以米为单位)的平方。分析句子结构 It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight
可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。7. ( 2021.6 全 国 甲 卷 语 法 填 空 ) It took us about 3 hours to go
all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配,意为 "自始自终,一路上" 。故填the。
8.(2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空)Due to 5 growing popularity of
environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being
classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following
principles:
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语,构成
the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意:因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越
流行……。故填the。
9.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to
a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词the,the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人。句意:林
肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼,以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
10.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) In 1844 they bought it for$ 1,200 and some land from
Charles Dresser, who performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in
1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词,marry→marriage,这里表示结婚仪式。句意:
Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
11..(2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空)Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin
with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的origin一起作has的宾语;同时与空后的
origin构成限定关系,因此应填形容词物主代词。句意:生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环
保运动。故填its。
12.(2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空)It is different from traditional tourism because it
allows the traveler to become educated about the areas— both in terms of
geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for
conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知,空格应填名词。句意:……并
且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
13.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) She was extremely pretty, and her house was a
reflection of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect
order."
【答案】herself
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:她非常漂亮,并且她的房子就是她的写照,每件东西都摆放整齐,
品味也很好。
4. ( 2021.6 全 国 甲 卷 语 法 填 空 ) It was built originally to protect the
city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored
(修复).
【答案】 in
【解析】考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段时间,故填 in。
2.(2021.6 全国乙卷 语法填空)Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-
related and adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now
being classified as ecotourism.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意:……各种各样的旅行被归类于
生态旅行。故填of。3.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average
rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:研究发现1985-2017年间,男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。
increase by+数值表示增长了多少,故答案为by。
4.(2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空) In 1844 they bought it 2 $ 1,200
and some land from Charles Dresser...
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。buy sth. for +价格,表示以什么价格购买某物。句意:1844年,他们以
1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
三、2020年高考真题
1.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)The far side of the moon is of particular 64
(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so
6 5 the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知,
空处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。
故填interest。
2.(2020·新课标I卷语法填空)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 6 9
ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 7 0 (it)
plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
69.【答案】much
【解析】考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助中
国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词,应使用much修饰,故填much。
70.【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词
its,故填its。3.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the
end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词 a后接名词
形式。故填celebration。
4.(2020·山东卷语法填空)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with
computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42 . (they) living at a different time in
history or 4 3 ( walkin g ) (walk)through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一
个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反
身代词。故填themselves。
5.(2020·新课标II卷语法填空)Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they
are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
【答案】than
【解析】考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
6.(2020·新课标III卷语法填空)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest
artist 7 0 . earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】on
【解析】考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结
合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。
7.(2020·山东卷语法填空)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money
with other amusements.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定
短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。8.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real
attempt to control the world they lived 5 6 . ,through agriculture.56.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居
住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引
导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名
词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
八、高考真题综合演练
1. 2023 年 1 月浙江卷
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____
arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “ hutong” ,
____57____ (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan
Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social
classes ____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large
siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____
(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they
formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from
the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale
and ____62____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to
Beijing’ s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its
stories, and some are even associated with historic ____64____ (event). In contrast to
the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the SummerPalace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots
Beijingers.
【答案】56. and 57. originally 58. surrounded 59. were permitted
.
60. featured 61. spacious 62 simpler 63. as 64. events 65. the
【解析】
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
【56题详解】
考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可
知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
【57题详解】
考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词
meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结
构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround
之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
【59题详解】
考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,
空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事
实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
【60题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横
梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用
一般过去时。故填featured。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形
容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
【62题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也
更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。
故填simpler。【63题详解】
考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一
些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故
填as。
【64题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至
有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数
名词,应用复数形式。故填events。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是
草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处
culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2. 2022 年 6 月新高考 1 卷
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda
National Park(GPNP). ___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of
Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the
country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas
for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce
inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.
The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological
diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious
natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve
connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and
___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection
to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____
live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the
ecosystem in the area.
【答案】56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed
61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之
一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分
词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
【57题详解】
考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本
句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
【58题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有
的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导
的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主
语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语
复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大
熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,
做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
【60题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生
物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓
语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为
一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
【61题详解】
考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系,应用
and。故填and。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词
population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词
achieve。故填eventually。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保
护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的
保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关
系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系
代词that。故填that。
3. 2022 年 6 月新高考 2 卷
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child
hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres,
jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___36___ (fall)
child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in
the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day
of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They
both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed achair onto the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he
___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes
___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw
Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and
started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to
thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【答案】36. falling 37. The 38. asleep 39. to see
40. accidentally 41. and 42. was fixing
43. threw 44. son's 45. how
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上,即将要
掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过
了1. 2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该
使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同
时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词
与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时
该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词
作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为
“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一
把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状
语。故填to see。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空
处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为
accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结
构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故
填and。
【42题详解】
考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根
据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是
过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故
填was fixing。
【43题详解】
考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后
的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为
threw。故填threw。
【44题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关
系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
【45题详解】
考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词
+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
4. 2022 年 6 月全国甲卷
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,
as a first step ___61___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___62___ lost hiseyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in
three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation
___63___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute
(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be
his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote
environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even
more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles
along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six
continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___
(high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and
Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20,
____70____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【答案】61. to journey 62. who 63. held 64. A 65. protection
66. meaningful 67. has walked 68. highest 69. from 70. planning
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事
情。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒
步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知,journey为动词,表示“旅行”,step前面有序数
词,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省
的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Cao
Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步
穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式,hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语,
表被动。故填held。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他
的一个朋友”,应用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,应用a,空处位于句首,首字母大写。
故填A。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词
environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可
数名词。故填protection。
【66题详解】
考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容
词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
【67题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞
力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用
现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
【68题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了
乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非
洲最高的山脉,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
【69题详解】
考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西
安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固
定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步
回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,
plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。5. 2022 年 6 月全国乙卷
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named
officially ___61___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___
festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing
on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the
opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace
of tea and the ___64___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___
(responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the
tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___66___ (share) future for
mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发
布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to
promote international cooperation ___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea
promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the
initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a
number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-
nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of
uninterrupted live broadcasts.
,
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony
opening _____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special
Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】61. by 62. the 63. addressed 64. largest 65. responsibility
66. shared 67. and 68. To strengthen 69. inviting 70. its
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆所举办
的一系列活动。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故
填by。
【62题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。
特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
【63题详解】
考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填
addressed。
【64题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国
有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶
国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与
其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填
responsibility。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词
future。非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填
shared。
【67题详解】
考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促
进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,
作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活
动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处
表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活
动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
【70题详解】
考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真
——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
6. 2022 年 6 月北京卷
A
Helen was walking down the street late 1 1 the evening, her arms
filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her
wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging
towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 12 (harm) her,
Helen started to run. Eventually, the man 13 (catch) up with her, and
he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory,
increasingly 14 (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences
are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine 1 5 smells are
dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection
of gas leaks. Gas naturally 16 (have) no recognisable smell.
However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when
we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for 17 (they), they get
takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more
waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of
18 are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even
19 (bad). The use of those plastics 20 (increase) by 300%
since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.【答案】
11.in 12.to harm 13.caught 14.supported 15.whether
16.has 17.themselves 18.which 19.worse 20.has increased
7. 2022 年 6 月浙江卷
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and
light. But how can a painting ____36____ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind?
Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ____37____ (do). John Olson,
a former ____38____ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D
models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ____39____ blind
because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the
field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑
皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ____40____
(exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ____41____ (sight )people, says Ella
Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ____42____ age seven.
When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ____43____
(notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at
it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ____44____ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see
it _____45_____ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind
person.”
【答案】36. be appreciated 37. to do 38. photographer 39. the 40.
existing
41. sighted 42. at 43. noticed 44. independence 45. and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
【36题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语
态。 故填be appreciated。
【37题详解】
考查不定式。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do
sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。
单数名词做主语,根据句意表示“摄影师”,此处为单数概念,故填photographer。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我们用大脑
看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用
他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。
故填existing。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用
他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词
people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。
故填at。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她
的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填
independence。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,
前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。故填and。8. 2022 年 1 月浙江卷
Kim Cobb,a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta ,is
one of a small but growing minority of academics 5 6 are cutting back on
their air travel because of climate change ,Travelling to conferences ,lectures
,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane 5 7 (view)as important for
scientists to get together and exchange information .But Cobb and others
5 8 (be)now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more
chances to participate remotely and 5 9 (change) their personal behavior to
do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis . On a website called No Fly
Climate Sci. For example. 6 0 (rough) 200 academics- many of them climate
scientists 6 1 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
Cobb ,for her part ,started to ask conference organizers who invited her to
speak 6 2 she could do so remotely ,about three quarters of
6 3 time,they agreed ,When the answer was no,she declined
the 6 4 (invite) .That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year
down by 75%,and she plans 6 5 (continue) the practice .“It has been fairly
rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”
【答案】
56.who/that 57.is viewed/has been viewed 58. are 59.changing 60.roughly
61.have promised 62.whether/if 63.the 64.invitation 65.to
continue
解析:本文是一篇记叙文。一位美国教授为了应对气候变化,积极减少学术活动中的航空旅行,
并充分利用远程科技找到替代方案。
详解:
56.who/that 考查定语从句的关系代词。根据句子结构可知,空白处缺少引导定语从句的关系
代词。先行词是academics(大学教师),关系代词在此指人,在定语从句中作主语,故填 who
或者 that。57.is viewed/has been viewed 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是作为单数概念的动词-ing 短语
Travelling to...the like,与view是被动关系,句子陈述的是一个客观事实,也可以表示
“(至今)一直被看作/视为...”,故此空可填一般现在时或者现在完成时的被动语态。
58.are 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是Cobb and others,根据空白后的now questioning 可知
此处缺少构成现在进行时的助动词are。
59.changing 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语 Cobb and others与change之间是主动关系,故填动
词-ing形式changing,changing 与pushing 是并列关系,共同作句子的状语。
60.roughly 考查词性转换。此处应用副词roughly 修饰数词200,意为“大约”。
61.have promised 考查谓语动词。句子的主语是复数名词academics,再根据后面的由since
引导的时间状语从句可知,此处应用现在完成时。
62.whether/if 考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知,空白处引导宾语从句,作 ask的
宾语,从句不缺少成分,再根据本句末的 they agreed可知,Cobb询问会议举办方她是否能远
程演讲,因此填 whether/if。
63.the 考查定冠词表示特指和在固定搭配中的用法。about three-quarters of the time(约
四分之三的情况下)与固定搭配 most of the time(多数情况下)在结构上类似。
64.invitation 考查词性转换。此处作declined的宾语,故应用名词invitation。
65.to continue 考查非谓语动词。动词句型 plan to do sth 意为“计划做某事”。
9. 2021.6 北京卷
A篇
Why do we dream? Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have
diverse 1 (idea). Dreams might be a side effect of
memory making. When you sleep, your brain sorts through
everything 2 happened during the day, trying to link new
experiences to old memories. As it 3 (connect) things,
your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
答案
ideas ; that ; connects
解析1.考查名词复数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。根据句意和本空前
的diverse可知,本空应填名词复数,即ideas。故答案为:ideas。
2.考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历与旧
记忆联系起来。分析句子成分结构可知," happened during the day" 为定语
从句,先行词为不定代词 everything,且从句缺少主语,所以本空应填 that。故答案为:
that。
3.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后
你就得到了一个梦。根据后半句谓语动词使用 "turns" 可知,句子为一般现在时。又因为主语
it为第三人称单数,所以本空应填connects。故答案为:connects。
B篇
Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主), and he live streams himself just
going about his day. While riding his bike home 1 a cold
night, he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by
herself. The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information
about 2 she lived. Sam walked her to a nearby
convenience store so that she could 3 (safe) wait for
the police to take her home.
答案
on ; where ; safely
解析
1 :考查时间介词。句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,他骑着自行车回家时,遇到了一位愁眉苦脸
的老妇人独自在街上闲逛。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填时间介词。又因为表示具体某一天
的早、中、晚时,应使用时间介词on,且本空后接有形容词修饰的night,所以本空应填on。故
答案为:on。
2 :考查宾语从句。句意:这个可怜的女人不能给他任何关于她住在哪里的信息。分析句子
成分结构可知," she lived" 为宾语从句。连接词在从句中作状语,结合句意,表示居住的位置。故答案为:where。
3 :考查词性转换。句意:萨姆陪她走到附近的一家便利店,这样她就可以安全地等警察把
她带回家了。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填副词修饰动词 wait,而 safe的副词形式为
safely。故答案为:safely。
C篇
There 1 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of
extreme weather events over the past 20
years, 2 (cause) largely by rising global
temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to
2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the
world, 3 (result) in USD2,970 billion in economic
loss. Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a
critical need 4 (invest) in disaster prevention.
答案
has been ; caused ; resulting ; to invest
解析
1 :考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事
件的数量急剧增加,主要是由全球气温上升造成的。根据 "over the past 20 years" 可知,此
处应采用现在完成时,即have+动词过去分词。又因为本空的主语 a dramatic rise为单数,所
以助动词使用三单形式has,be的过去分词形式为been。故答案为:has been。
2 :考查非谓语动词。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量
急剧增加,主要是由全球气温上升造成的。句子主谓结构完整,此处应使用非谓语动词作状语。
cause与其逻辑主语a dramatic rise之间为被动关系,应填动词过去分词,即 caused。故答案
为:caused。
3 :考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经
济损失29.7兆美元。句子主谓结构完整,此处应使用非谓语动词作原因状语,result与其逻辑主语disasters为主动关系,应使用动词现在分词,即resulting。故答案为:resulting。
4 :考查动词不定式。句意:研究结果表明,急需投资于灾害预防。分析句子成分结构可知,
此处为need的定语,非谓语动词作定语,与其逻辑主语间无明显主被动关系时,使用不定式的
形式,所以本空应填to invest。故答案为:to invest。
10. 2021.6 新高考一卷
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and
Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is
the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the
top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the
climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The
amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,
the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how
nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how
hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into
place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it
highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can
sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will
always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9 (I).
While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 1 0 must to visit!
【答案】What ; humans ; undoubtedly ; hotter ; astonished ; was ; and ; aching ;
mine ; a
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,去游览黄山时,作者想起甲壳虫乐队的流行歌曲《蜿蜒长
路》,这条漫长而曲折的道路永远留在游客的记忆中。
【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_____is
so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
2: 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数
形式。故填humans。
3: 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格所填词应该修饰动词 help,故应用副词形式。
Undoubted 变副词,直接在词尾加ly。故填undoubtedly。
4: 考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知,此处考查 the more… the more… 的固定用
法;所以空格处应填形容词的比较级。故填hotter。
5: 考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构, 表示 "使……处
于某种状态" 。因为宾语 us 与动词 astonish 为被动关系,此处应该过去分词形容词
astonished作宾语补足语,说明人的感受,意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astonished。
6: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示
词then可知,表示当时的情况,故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时;从句主语为it,是第三人称
单数形式。故填was。
7: 考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,两个谓语动词highlights和offers之间缺少连接
词进行连接;同时,两个动作间为并列关系,所以应填并列连词。故填and。
8: 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,因为名词 legs与动词ache为主动关系,所以此
处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
9: 考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代the
song, does指代动词sticks,空格处应指 my memory, 为了避免重复,用名词性物主代词来代
替 "形容词性物主代词 + 名词"。故填mine。
10: 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,must 为名词,表示 "必须的事" ,所以前应用冠词,
且无特指。故填a。
11. 2021.6 新高考二卷
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade,I started
volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that
many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held
presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach
businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot ofplastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were
using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the
company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic
could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly
options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make
sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email.
One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A
company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over
_____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
(2021.6新高考二卷)
【答案】36. seventh
37. thinking
38. to educate
39. which##that
40. and 41. harmful
42. excited
43. was 44. representative
45. the
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
【36题详解】
考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七
年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。
分析句子结构,____2____ (think)it is food.用作状语,think 与其逻辑主语 many sea
animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,
____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填 to
educate。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦
促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, ____4____ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰
先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which
或that。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”
和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为
how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰
人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
【43题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据
定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形
容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成
纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成
纸杯。 特指“1200个航班的塑料杯”,用定冠词,所以填the。12. 2021.6 全国甲卷
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's
long history. It 1 (build) originally to protect the
city 2 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored
( 修 复 ) . It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14
kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from
here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive
equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and
what 5 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South
Gate. My bike was old and shaky 7 did the job. It took us
about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates
and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local
people going about their 1 0 (day) routines.
【答案】was built ; in ; to walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ;
watchtowers ; daily
【文章大意】本文是一篇小游记,作者向我们简要地介绍了西安古城墙以及他自己骑自行车
游完整个城墙的所见所闻。
【解析】1:考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,空格填写谓语动词,
又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall,和build是被动关系,且是在 the Tang dynasty被建
立,故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意:它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全
修复。故填was built。
2 :考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段时间,故填 in。
3 :考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式,故填 to walk 。
4 :考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加doing形式,故填spending。
5 :考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知,应该填写形容词的比较级的形式,故
填better。6 :考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词,根据后文 My bike was
old可知, 应该为过去的时态,主语为we, 为主动语态,故填hired。
7 :考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃,后面能用。所以是转折的关系,故填but。
8 :考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配,意为 "自始自终,一路上" 。故填the。
9 :考查名词。根据句子结构, and 前后一致, and前是the different gates,名词的复
数形式,所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
10 :考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ,修饰routines, 故用形容词,故
填daily。
13. 2021.6 全国乙卷
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed
places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to
become 1 (educate) about the areas— both in terms of
geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for
conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 3 (it) origin with the environmental
movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel
concept 4 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing
environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and
adventure travel, various types 6 trips are now being
classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following
principles:
●Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
●Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
● Provide 8 (finance) aid and other benefits for local
peoples.
●Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors
and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism
because of its unique biodiversity. 9 (activity) there range
from whale watching to hiking ( 远 足 ) and accommodations
aim 1 0 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】educated ; development ; its ; until ; the ; of ; visiting ; financial ;
Activities ; to have
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源
和特点。
【解析】
1 :考查形容词作表语。根据空前为become可知,空格处所填词应作become的表语。句意:
这与传统的旅游业不同,因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
2 :考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词of可知,空格应填名词。句意:……并
且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填development。
3: 考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的 origin一起作has的宾语;同时与空后的
origin构成限定关系,因此应填形容词物主代词。句意:生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环
保运动。故填its。
4: 考查时间介词。根据空前有 not 可知,此处 until 与 not 一起构成固定用法
not… until,意为 "直到……才……" 。句意:直到20世纪80年代后期,它才作为一种旅
游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
5: 考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语,构成
the growing popularity of…的固定用法。句意:因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越
流行……。故填the。
6: 考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意:……各种各样的旅行被归类于
生态旅行。故填of。
7: 考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断空格处填非谓语动词。
空处作介词of的宾语,所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意:最小化参观一个地方的影响。故
填visiting。
8: 考查形容词。空前为动词,空后为名词,故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词
aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意:为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。
故填financial。9: 考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语,同时谓语动词range为非三单形式,因此应使
用名词复数形式。句意:那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
10: 考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断此处填非谓语动词。
aim to do sth,意为 "目的在于做某事" ,因此应填不定式形式。句意:……并且食宿是为了
对自然环境有小的影响。故填to have。
14. 2021.6 浙江卷
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but
Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,
Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it
opened to the publie. Beautifully restored(修复)tp its 1860 appearance, the
house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought
it 2 $ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who
performed their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 4 (small) than
it is today. Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little
home 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved
it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection
of 6 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect
order."
Although Mary loved flowers, 7 she nor her husband
was known as a gardener. A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees
and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace,
often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories
in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln
sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and 10 (sell) most of their
furniture.
【答案】has proved 或 has proven ; for ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ;
herself ; neither ; to plant ; The ; sold
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在伊利诺伊州的首府斯普林菲尔德市中心林肯
的家的相关情况。
【解析】
1.考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词,可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意:
自从它开放后,林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
2 :考查介词。buy sth. for +价格,表示以什么价格购买某物。句意:1844年,他们以
1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
3 :考查名词。此题考查动词变名词,marry→marriage,这里表示结婚仪式。句意:
Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
4 :考查形容词的比较级,句中有than这个提示词,much修饰比较级。句意:当房子建好
时,它比现在要小得多。
5 :考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷,所以用被
动。动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。
6 :考查反身代词。句意:她非常漂亮,并且她的房子就是她的写照,每件东西都摆放整齐,
品味也很好。
7 :考查连词,neither…nor…,既不……也不…(两者都不)。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,
但是她和她的丈夫都没有以园艺者而著称。
8 :考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访,在前院里种些花。
9 :考查定冠词the,the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人。句意:林
肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼,以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
10 :考查一般过去时。句意:1861年,林肯被选举为国家总统后,他们租了房子并且卖掉
了大部分的家具。rent和sold为并列谓语,用and连接,所以都用一般过去时。15. 2021.1 浙江卷
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index(体重指数)across 200
countries the scientists found that people worldwide are getting
heavier 1 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMT in
rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement
tool 2 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy
weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg
by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and
25 4 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI
increased 5 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the
gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985,
urban men and women in more than three quarters of the
countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in
rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people
in many countries had narrowed 8 (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live)
in the countryside, including 10 (low) levels of income and
education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】and ; that 或 which ; person's ; is considered ; by ; was ; studied ;
sharply ; living ; lower
【解析】1 :文章大意:介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究,描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的
差异及其背后的原因。考查连词。句意:科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了,这个现象背后的原因
是偏远地区人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知 that people worldwide are getting
heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导
的宾语从句,是并列关系,故答案为and。
2 :考查关系代词。句意:BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是BMI is an
internationally recognized measurement tool 的定语从句,先行词为 tool, 故答案
为that/which。
3 :考查名词所有格。句意:BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数(以千克为单位)除以身高数
(以米为单位)的平方。分析句子结构 It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight
可知weight和person是从属关系。故答案为person's。
4 :考查被动语态。句意:介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构 a BMI of
between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做谓语,主语是单数,根据句意谓
语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时,故答案为 is considered。
5 :考查介词。句意:研究发现1985-2017年间,男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。
increase by+数值表示增长了多少,故答案为by。
6 :考查系动词。句意:然而在城市里,女人增长数值是1.3,男人增长为1.6。分析句子结
构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时,故答案为was。
7 :考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远
山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知 study 做 urban men and women in more than three
quarters of the countries 的定语,动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系,故答案为
studied。
8 :考查副词。句意:30年后,很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可
知the BMI difference… had narrowed (sharp). 修饰动词narrow要用副词,故答案为
sharply。
9 :考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知
live in the countryside是people的后置定语,动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语people是
主动关系, 故答案为living。
10 :考查形容词比较级。句意:乡下的人条件差一些,包括更低的收入和教育水平,更高
的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知 levels of income and education与
higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 是并列关系,前后结构要一
致由higher和fewer可知low要用形容词比较级,故答案为lower。16. 2020.7 海南卷
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own
websites or for second and third graders 1 (begin)
computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly
popular as major publishing houses continue to
develop 2 (education) computer programs for children in
preschool. Also, technological know-how has become
a 3 (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital
world, as the computer has become a common tool in
most 4 (profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes 5 aim to
describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the
nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the
set explores 6 wide range of material, explains the
basic concepts of major applications of digital
systems, 7 discusses the influences they have on
everyday life. Because the number of possible
topics 8 (be) practically limitless, we focus on a
sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain
the basic principles of technology.
Readers 9 (encourage) to continue exploring the digital
world with the guidance of 10 (we) Further Resources
section featured in each volume.
【答案】to begin ; educational ; requirement ; professions ; that 或 which ; a ;
and ; is ; are encouraged ; our
【解析】1 :本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等
方面信息。考查非谓语动词。句意:如今, 10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级
学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见,本题考查'lt is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故答案为:to begin。
2 :考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开
发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式,故答案为:educational。
3 :考查名词,句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条
件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具,动词 become后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定
冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式,故答案为:requirement。
4 :考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必
备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词 profession为可数名词,根据前面的
most修饰可知用复数形式,故答案为:professions。
5 :考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者
理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为 volumes,在定语从句中作主语,
所以用关系代词which或that引导,故答案为:that/which。
6 :考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概
念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,a range of一套,一系列,wide是以辅音音来发音开头,
所以用不定冠词a。故答案为:a。
7 :考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概
念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and,故答案为:and。
8 :考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最
有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。 the number of….数量,后接可
数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时,故答案为:is。
9 :考查语态,句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指
导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,根据文章中的时态可知,用
一般现在时,故答案为:are encouraged。
10 :考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供
指导。修饰名词Further Resourcessection,前用形容词性物主代词。故答案为:our。
17. 2020 浙江卷 7 月
Some time after 10, 000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the
world they lived 1 , through agriculture. Over thousands ofyears, they began to depend less on 2 could be hunted or
gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3 hunting and
gathering, so people were able to raise more children. And, as more children were
born, more food 4 ( need ) . Agriculture gave people their
first experience of the power of technology 5 (change)lives.
By about 6000 BC, people 6 (discover)the best crops to
grow and animals to raise. Later, they learned to work with
the 7 ( season ) , planting at the right time and, in dry
areas, 8 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)
their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,
with 9 rise of science, changes began. New
methods 10 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the
last century or so, these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and
artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that
started in the Stone Age.
【答案】:in ; what ; than ; was needed ; to change ; had discovered ; seasons ;
making ; the ; meant
解析:1.文章大意:文章讲述了人类农业文明的发展史。考查介词。句意:公元前一万年后
的一段时间内,人们第一次真正地试图通过农业控制他们所居住的世界。分析句子结构可知 they
live in作the world的定语,live in the world居住在地球上,故填in。
2.考查名词性从句。句意:几千年来,他们开始越来越少地依赖于从野外狩猎或采集什么,
而更多地依赖于他们饲养的动物和他们播种的庄稼。分析句子结构可知本句为宾语从句该从句缺
主语,根据句意可知表示……的东西,用what,故填what。
3.考查介词。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。前面有more,此处进行比较,
故填than。
4.考查被动语态和一般过去时。句意:出生的人口数越多,需要的食物也就越多。此处作谓
语,食物和需要之间是被动关系,结合前面 were,此处用被动语态的过去式,故填 was
needed。5.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。该句子谓语是
gave,故change作非谓语,表示目的补充,用不定式,故填to change。
6.考查过去完成时。句意:到公元前6000年,人们发现了最适合种植的农作物和饲养的动物。
By+过去的时间,截止到过去,所以用过去完成时。故填had discovered。
7.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,适时播种,在干旱地区利用每年
的洪水灌溉农田。结合句意,一年有四季,结合季节来播种,所以用复数。故填seasons。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,适时播种,在干旱地区利用每
年的洪水灌溉农田。此处 make 没有连词并列,也不是从句谓语,故作非谓语。与 and 前的
planting并列,故填making。
9.考查定冠词。句意:随着科技的崛起,改变就此发生。后面有of限定,故此处是指定的上
升,用定冠词the,故填the。
10.考查一般过去时。句意:新手段意味着在农场工作的人减少了。此处作谓语,结合前一
句话的began和本句话的worked,可知是一般过去时,陈述过去发生的事实或过去的看法评价,
故填meant。
18. 2020 浙江卷 1 月
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The
median (中位数的)age of an American in 1950 1 (be)30—
today it is 41 and is expected 2 (increase)to 42 by 2050.
For Japan, the 3 (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46
today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by
2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 4 two factors. The
first is declining birth races, which means old generations are
larger 5 ( compare ) to younger generations, and so, on
average, the population become 6 ( old ) than before. This
is 7 (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that
people are living longer. A child born in the US todayhas 8 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to
plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention
should 9 (place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that
people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average
healthier 10 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can
work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】:was ; to increase ; numbers ; by ; compared ; older ; particularly ; a
; be placed ; and
解析:1.考查谓语动词的变化。根据本句时间标志in 1950,可知这里为一般过去时。故答
案:为was。
2.考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。本句谓语为is expected,所以increase要用非谓语的形式。
又根据固定搭配be expected to do,故答案:为to increase。
3.考查名词复数。本句谓语为are,根据主谓一致原则,主语需要用复数形式。故答案:为
numbers。
4.考查介词。根据本句谓语为 is driven被动语态,译为 "被驱使" ,可知后面的介词为
by。故答案:为by。
5.考查非谓语动词。根据本句…old generations are large句子已经完整了,所以compare
"相比" 要用非谓语的形式,compare和逻辑主语old generations之间为被动的关系,所以要用
过去分词done的形式。故答案:为compared。
6.考查形容词比较级。根据本句than可知该空为形容词比较级。故答案:为older。
7.考查副词词性转换。根据本句This is true in the USA, 句子已经完整了,应填入副词,
所以形容词particular需要转化为副词particularly。故答案:为particularly。
8.考查冠词。第一次出现的单数名词前需要加不定冠词,又very为辅音音素开头。故答案:
为a。
9.考查谓语动词的变化。根据本句主语 attention,与本句谓语place之间为被动的关系,
所以需要用被动语态be done的形式。又前面有个情态动词should,其后应加动词原形。故答案:
为be placed。
10.考查连词。根据本空前后都为形容词的比较级,故这里应该填并列连词。又因为
healthier和more productive不存在转折含义,为递进关系。故答案:为and。19. 2020 全国 1 卷
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the
moon. The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient
Chinese moon goddess— 1 (touch)down last week in the South
Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon's far side
is 2 (extreme)challenging. Because the moon's body blocks
direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit
above the moon in a spot 3 it could send signals to the
spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of
particular 4 (interesting)to scientists because it has a lot
of deep craters(环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side.
Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard
Chang'e-4 6 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken
basin. "This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown
University, says, "because it 7 (mean)we have the chance to
obtain information about how the moon 8 (construct)." Data
about the moon's composition, such as how 9 ice and other
treasures it contains, could help China decide
whether 10 (it)plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are
practical.
【答案】:touched ; extremely ; where ; interest ; than ; to find ; means ; is
constructed ; much ; its
解析:1.本文主要讲到的是中国的科学研究人员对于月球远侧的探索和研究。考查动词的时
态。句意:无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的一位月亮女神——上
周降落在南极艾特肯盆地。分析句子结构可知the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese
moon goddess为插入语,句子中缺少谓语动词。touch down着陆,降落,根据时间状语 last
week可知需要用一般过去时态,所以可知【答案】:为touched。
2.考查副词。句意:在月球的远侧着陆是极具挑战性的。修饰形容词 challenging,需要用
副词形式,extreme为形容词,非常的,尤其的。副词形式为extremely。所以可知【答案】:为extremely。
3.考查定语从句。句意:由于月球的身体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须
将一颗卫星送入月球上方的轨道,在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子结构可知本
句为定语从句,先行词为spot,在从句中做地点状语,需要用关系副词,所以可知【答案】:为
where。
4.考查名词。句意:科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣,因为它有很多很深的陨石坑,比我
们熟悉的近侧更多。be of+名词=be+形容词,interesting 形容词,有趣的,名词形式为
interest,所以可知【答案】:为interest。
5.考查介词。句意:科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣,因为它有很多很深的陨石坑,比我
们熟悉的近侧更多。根据句意可知本句为比较级,对月球的近侧和远侧做比较,需要用介词 than
表示比较,所以可知【答案】:为than。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极艾特
肯盆地的区域。根据句意可知空格处表示目的,需要用不定式形式,所以可知【答案】:为 to
find。
7.考查动词的时态。句意:因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。根据
从句中的动词have,可知是一般现在时态,主语为it,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,所
以可知【答案】:为means。
8.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。
construct和主语the moon之间为被动关系,需要用被动语态,根据句意可知需要用一般现在时
态的被动语态,所以可知【答案】:为is constructed。
9.考查名词性从句的引导词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,可
以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。根据句意可知表示多少,ice为不可数名词,
需要用how much来修饰,所以可知【答案】:为much。
10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,可
以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。修饰名词 plans需要用形容词性物主代词,it
为代词,形容词性物主代词形式为its,所以可知【答案】:为its。
20. 2020 全国 2 卷
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate)marking the end of
the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants,
fruits and flowers 2 ( carry ) special significance. They
represent the earth 3 (come)back to life and best wishes for
new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 4 decoration; they are a
symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many
times 5 (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good
fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their "Lucky Bamboo" plants and you will see them often in
their homes and offices. 6 ( certain ) during the holiday
period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated 7 health, abundance and a happy home. They are
easy 8 (care)for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The 9 (beauty)long
branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum
trees are 10 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融
化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】:celebration ; carries ; coming ; than ; decorated ; Certainly ; with ;
to care ; beautiful ; the
解析:1.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝活动,标志着冬季的结束和春天的开始。根
据空格前的不定代词 a 可知空格处需要用名词形式,celebrate 动词,庆祝,名词形式为
celebration。所以【答案】:为celebration。
2.考查动词的时态。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。分
析句子结构可知从句中缺少谓语动词,根据主从句时态一致可知从句中需要用一般现在时态,主
语为decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,动名词做主语,谓语动词需要用第三人称
单数形式,所以【答案】:为carries。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着地球重新焕发生机,并对新的开始表示最美好的祝愿。
分析句子结构可知句中已经有谓语动词represent,空格处需用非谓语动词,come和the earth之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以需要用现在分词表主动,所以【答案】:为coming。
4.考查介词。句意:橘子树不仅仅是装饰品。more than固定搭配,表示不仅仅,所以【答
案】:为than。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很棒的礼物,你经常会看到用红包和好运的信息装饰着的
它们。分析句子结构可知空格处为非谓语动词,decorate和them(橘子树)之间为被动关系,
所以用过去分词形式,所以【答案】:为decorated。
6.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是非常必要的。分析句子结构可知空格处做
状语,需用副词形式,certain形容词,当然的,副词形式为certainly。所以【答案】:为
Certainly。
7.考查介词。句意:竹子植物与健康、富足和幸福的家园联系在一起。be associated
with…固定搭配,表示与……有关联。所以【答案】:为with。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很容易做成很棒的礼物。分析句子结构可知
空格前为主系表结构,当表语为 easy, hard, difficult, light, heavy, cheap, dangerous等
形容词时,其后用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,所以【答案】:为to care。
9.考查形容词做定语。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,是很棒的装饰品。分析句
子结构可知空格处做表语修饰名词branches,需要用形容词形式,beauty名词,美丽,形容词
形式为beautiful。所以【答案】:为beautiful。
10.考查冠词。句意:即使雪正在融化,梅树也是最先开花的。序数词first前需要用定冠词
the,所以【答案】:为the。
21. 2020 全国 3 卷
In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almost
lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to
get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present
their 2 (fine)work, so that he could choose the best. The
artist was sure he would 3 (choose), but when he presented
his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old
man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the
greatest artist in the world.Filled with 4 (curious), the artist packed his bags and
left. 5 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where
he could find the legendary ( 传 奇 的 ) artist, they smiled
and 6 (point)down the river. The next morning he hired a
boat and set out 7 ( find ) the well-known painter. As the
small boat moved, 8 ( gentle ) along the river he was left
speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky
white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists
rising from the river and the soft clouds 9 (surround)the
mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by
the greatest artist 1 0 earth, Mother Nature.
【答案】:whose ; finest ; be chosen ; curiosity ; When 或 As ; pointed ; to
find ; gently ; surrounding ; on
解析:1.这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,
这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。
画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先
行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
2.考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,
展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示"最好
的"此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
3.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这
位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系,且would后跟动词原形。故填be
chosen。
4.考查名词,句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with 为介词,后跟名词
curiosity作宾语,表示"好奇心"。故填curiosity。
5.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑
着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示"当……时候",且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作
动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
6.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句
意表示"出发去做某事"短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
8.考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处
修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语,表示"缓缓地"。故填gently。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。
分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds (surround)the mountain
tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语 clouds构成主
动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
10.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结
合句意表示"在世界上"短语为on earth。故填on。
22. 2020 山东卷(新高考)
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or
antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1 (wealth) people travelled and
collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at
home until it got too big 2 until they died, and then it was given to a
museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 3
(form) the core collection of the British Museum 4 opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 5 (call) galleries or rooms.
Often, only a small part of a museum's collection 6 (be) on display. Most
of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as
looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine 7 (they) living at a different time in history or 8
(walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking
settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the
old town. Historical 9 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
Museums must compete 1 0 people's spare time and money with otheramusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities
for children.
【答案】:1.wealthy 2.or 3.formed 4.which 或 that 5.are called 6.is
7.themselves
8.walking 9.accuracy 10.for
解析:1.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此
处修饰名词people,应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
2.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这
些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两种可能性,应使用连词 or,意为“或
者”。故填or。
3.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物
馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语 in 1759 可知,应使用一般过去时。故填
formed。
4.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆
的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中作主语,
应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
5.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是
客观事实,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是
复数概念。故填are called。
6.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使
用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第
三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提
示。故填is。
7.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个
不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代 visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身
代词。故填themselves。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一
个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同作imagine的宾语
补足语,imagine sb. doing sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
9.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语,位于形容词Historical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
10.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定
短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”。故填for。
23. 2020 北京卷
Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says
food 1 (play) a big role in his life. "My mum was a
great cook, and she'd sometimes let me have a try, " he said. The first dish
Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his
mum's help. Oliver says if you're 2 (luck) enough to
have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask
them 3 you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】:plays 或 has played 或 is playing 或 has been playing ; lucky ; if 或
whether
解析:1.考查动词的时态。句意:他说食物在他的生活中扮演着重要的角色。根据句意可知
表示经常性习惯性的动作,用一般现在时态。主语为 food,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,
故答案:为 plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
2.考查形容词做表语。句意:奥利弗说,如果你很幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,那就问
问他们,如果可能的话,你是否可以加入。luck 名词,幸运,形容词形式为 lucky,故答案:
为 lucky。
3.考查宾语从句。句意:如果你很幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,那就问问他们,如果可
能的话,你是否可以加入。根据句意可知表达是否,用 if/whether。
B 篇
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before
they 1 (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of
years 2 (break) down. Many of these bags end up in
the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such
as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fallapart 3 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally
eat some of them. Now, lots of 4 (country)
and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people
using them.
【答案】:are thrown ; to break ; into 或 to ; countries
解析:1.考查被动语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在被扔掉之前最多使用几次。结合句意分析可
知动词throw和主语they之间为动宾关系,再根据are used的提示可知使用一般现在时的被动
语态。故答案:为:are thrown。
2.考查动词不定式。句意:它们需要几百年才能分解。固定句型:It takes sb some time
to do sth, "花费某人时间做某事" 。it为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语。故答案:为:
to break。
3.考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,袋子会分解成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其
中的一些。动词短语:fall apart into/to pieces, "破碎,倒塌" 。故答案:为:into 或
to。
4.考查名词复数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人
们使用它们。根据lots of的提示可知使用名词的复数形式。故答案:为:countries。
A piece of stone 1 (find)on a Dutch beach suggests
that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than
previously thought. The Neanderthals 2 (live)alongside
human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out
about 40, 000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's
long been assumed that human ancestors were 3 (smart)
than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests
otherwise.
【答案】:found ; lived 或 had lived 或 had been living ; smarter
解析:1.考查非谓语动词做定语。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝
的人类亲戚,也就是众所周知的尼安德特人,比之前想象的更聪明。find和所修饰的名词 stone
之间为被动关系,用过去分词做后置定语,故答案:为 found。2.考查动词的时态。句意:尼安德特人在欧洲与人类祖先一起生活了数万年。根据句意可知
是在描述过去的事情,需用一般过去时,并且通过 before dying out about 40, 000 years
ago. 也可用过去完成时或过去完成进行时,故答案:为 lived/had lived/had been living。
3.考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。
根据句意可知是形容词的比较级,故答案:为 smarter。
24. 2020.1 上海卷
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and
played by all the major civilizations from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive
stone courts became a staple feature of a city's sacred complex and there were often
several playing courts in a single city. 1 it is more than
just a game, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes
of Mesoamerican mythology. The contests even supplied candidates for human
sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally, be a game of life or death.
The game 2 (invent) sometime in the Preclassical Period
(2500— 100 BCE), probably by the Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide
feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300—900 CE). Eventually,
the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean.
In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the
Maya gods Hun Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld
with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into
Xibalba (the underworld) 3 they were challenged to a ball
game. 4 (lose) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a
foretaste of 5 would become common practice for players
unfortunate enough to lose a game.
In 6 legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec
capital of Tenochtitlan 7 the Aztec king Motecuhzoma
Xocoyotzin (r. 1502— 1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. Thelatter 8 (predict) that Motecuhzoma's kingdom would fall and
the game was set-up 9 (establish) the truth of this bold
prediction. Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course, lose his kingdom at the
hands of the invaders from the Old World. The story also supports the
idea 10 the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of
divination.
【答案】Although 或 Though 或 While ; was invented ; where ; Losing ; what ;
another ; between ; had predicted ; to establish ; that
【解析】1 :
本文主要讲述了球类运动的起源以及中美洲神话。
考查连词。句意:虽然这不仅仅是一场游戏,但这一事件可能具有宗教意义,并以中美洲神
话为特色。分析句子成分结构可知,前后句表达意思相反,所以本空应填连词 although 或
though 或 while。故答案为:Although/Though/While。
2: 考查动词时态、主谓一致和被动语态。句意:这个游戏是在前古典时期(公元前2500-
100年)的某个时候发明的。根据本空后的 "in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE)"
可知,句子采用一般过去时。又因为主语和动词 invent之间构成被动语态,所以本空采用被动
语态。因为主语the game为单数,所以此处be动词采用单数形式。故答案为:was invented。
3: 考查定语从句引导词。句意:两兄弟吵闹的游戏惹恼了地下世界的众神,两兄弟被诱骗
到西巴尔巴(地下世界) ,在那里他们被挑战一场球赛。分析句子成分结构可知,
" they were challenged to a ball game." 为定语从句修饰先行词
"Xibalba (the underworld)" 。先行词指地点且在主句中作状语,所以本空应填where。故答案
为:where。
4: 考查非谓语动词。句意:输掉这场比赛,Hun Hunahpús被砍掉了头。分析句子成分结构
可知,本空应填非谓语动词。又因为主语Hun Hunahpús和动词lose构成主谓关系,所以本空应
填现在分词,即Losing。故答案为:Losing。
5: 考查宾语从句引导词。句意:这是对于不幸输了比赛的球员的一种预演。分析句子成分
结构可知, " would become common practice for players unfortunate
enough to lose a game." 为宾语从句,本空所填引导词在从句中作主语。再结合句意可知,本
空应填what。故答案为:what。
6: 考查形容词。句意:在另一个传说中,阿兹特克国王莫特库祖马·克奥乔津和德克萨斯国王,在阿兹特克首都特诺奇蒂特兰举行了一场著名的球赛。根据句意可知,本空应填形容词
another。故答案为:another。
7: 考查介词。句意:在另一个传说中,阿兹特克国王莫特库祖马·克奥乔津和德克萨斯国
王,在阿兹特克首都特诺奇蒂特兰举行了一场著名的球赛。根据本空后的 "the Aztec king
Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco" 可知,本空应填介
词between。故答案为:between。
8: 考查动词时态。句意:后者曾预言莫特库佐马的王国会垮台,而这场游戏的目的就是为
了证实这一大胆预言的真实性。根据句意可知,动作 predict发生在过去的过去,所以此处采用
过去完成时。故答案为:had predicted。
9: 考查动词不定式。句意:后者曾预言莫特库佐马的王国会垮台,而这场游戏的目的就是
为了证实这一大胆预言的真实性。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填非谓语动词。又根据句意可
知,本空应填动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为:to establish。
10: 考查同位语从句引导词。句意:这个故事也支持了球类游戏有时被用于占卜的观点。
分析句子成分结构可知, " the ball game was sometimes used for the
purposes of divination" 空格后内容不缺成分,用于说明the idea,为其同位语。所以本空应
填同位语从句引导词that。故答案为:that。
25. 2020.7 上海卷
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used
throughout the world today, 15, 000 years 1 it was first
invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow 2 (use)
mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals
for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born—the ability to
produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain
and without designs, but the technique has changed little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early
examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to
produce 3 else we would be lost without—glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day? Doors, cupboards? The car? We
really don't think much about them, 4 we? Well, the first
example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock
on a large wooden door in the palace of SargonⅡ.
Another amazing invention, probably 5 (take) by us for
granted these days, is the skill of knitting which first appeared in the Roman
Empire, some 1700 years ago. The 6 (early) examples are
knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying
glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a
frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the
modern contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time 7 (check) how much
time we have left! This would be impossible 8 clocks and
watches, 9 are all around us: On walls. On our wrists, on our
PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. The first pocket watch was invented by
Thomas Tompion (1639—1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch-face design,
with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single
dial, 1 0 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
【答案】after ; is used ; something ; do ; taken ; earliest ; checking ; without
; which ; has remained
【解析】1 : 文章大意:本文主要讲述了在人类发展历史中起到重要作用的几项发明。
考查连词。句意:已知最早的发明之一是弓箭,在它被发明15000年后,至今仍在全世界使
用。根据句意可知,本空应填连词after。故答案为:after。
2: 考查被动语态、主谓一致和动词时态。句意:当然,现在弓箭主要用于体育比赛,但在
一些地方,它仍然是一种捕杀动物作为食物的手段。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应采用被动语
态。又根据上下文可知,此处采用一般现在时。又根据第二段第一句 "…the bow and arrow,
which is still used …" 可知,本空应填is used。故答案为:is used。3: 考查代词。句意:大约1500年后,腓尼基人用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠生产了另一种东西
——玻璃。根据句意和本空后的 "else" 可知,本空应填代词 something。故答案为:
something。
4: 考查反义疑问句。句意:我们真的不怎么想他们,不是吗?分析句子成分结构可知,此
处是反义疑问句。反义疑问句,前肯后否,前否后肯,附加部分的时态要和前面陈述句时态保持
一致。根据本空前的 "We really don't think much about them" 可知,本空应填助动词do。
故答案为:do。
5: 考查非谓语动词。句意:另一项惊人的发明,可能是我们现在理所当然地发明的,是编
织技术,它最早出现在1700年前的罗马帝国。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填非谓语动词。
又根据本空后的 "by us" 可知,本空应填动词的过去分词,即taken。故答案为:taken。
6: 考查形容词最高级。句意:最早的例子是针织袜!根据句意可知,此处采用形容词最高
级,即earliest。故答案为:earliest。
7: 考查固定搭配。句意:时间过得很快,我们花了很多时间查看我们还剩多少时间!固定
搭配:spend+时间/金钱+doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事,所以本空应填checking。故答案为:
checking。
8: 考查介词。句意:如果没有我们身边的钟表,这是不可能的。根据句意可知,本空应填
介词without。故答案为:without。
9: 考查定语从句引导词。句意:如果没有我们身边的钟表,这是不可能的。分析句子成分
结构可知, " are all around us" 为非限制性定语从句,先行词
"clocks and watches" 指物且在从句中作主语,所以本空应填which。故答案为:which。
10: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:第一块怀表是 330年前由英国人托马斯·汤皮恩
(1639-1714)发明的,他的表盘设计——一个表盘上有两根(有时是三根)指针转动——一直基
本没有改变。分析句子成分结构可知,此处的主语为 "his watch-face design" ,所以谓语动
词采用单数形式。根据句末的时间状语 "in all that time" 可知,此处采用现在完成时。故答
案为:has remained。--- End ---