第18 讲 形容词&副词-2 2026 年高考语法专项突破（全国通
用）
（语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练）
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、形容词 / 副词比较级与最高级变化规则表
此表格梳理比较级与最高级的规则变化和不规则变化，明确不同词形的转换逻辑，是掌
握形容词 / 副词等级变化的核心依据，适配语法填空 “词形转换” 及单句填空题型。
类型
具体规则
示例
规则
变化
1. 一般情况：词尾直接加
- er（比较级）、-est（最
高级）
fast→faster→fastest；small→smaller→smallest；
hard→harder→hardest
2. 重读闭音节（末尾只有
一个辅音字母）：双写辅
音字母，加 - er/-est
big→bigger→biggest；thin→thinner→thinnest；
hot→hotter→hottest
类型
具体规则
示例
3. “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：
变 y 为 i，加 - er/-est
pretty→prettier→prettiest；early→earlier→earliest；
heavy→heavier→heaviest
4. “e” 结尾：词尾直接加
- r（比较级）、-st（最高
级）
large→larger→largest；wise→wiser→wisest；
late→later→latest
5. 多音节 / 部分双音节：
前加 more（比较级）、
most（最高级）
important→more important→most important；
difficult→more difficult→most difficult；
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
不规
则变
化
1. good/well（好的 / 好
地）
good→better→best；well→better→best
2. bad/ill/badly（坏的 / 坏
地）
bad→worse→worst；ill→worse→worst；
badly→worse→worst
3. little（少的）
little→less→least
4. many/much（多的）
many→more→most；much→more→most
5. far（远的 / 远地）
表距离：far→farther→farthest；表程度：
far→further→furthest
6. late（晚的 / 晚地）
表时间：late→later→latest；表顺序：
late→latter→last
7. old（老的 / 旧的）
表任意比较：old→older→oldest；表亲属（仅作定
语）：old→elder→eldest
注意事项：
1. 不规则变化需单独记忆：如 “far” 的两种比较级 / 最高级对应不同语义（距离用
farther/farthest，程度用 further/furthest），不可混淆；
2. “elder/eldest” 的使用限制：仅作定语修饰亲属名词（如 elder brother/eldest sister），不可作
表语（错误：He is elder than me；正确：He is older than me）；
3. 多音节词判断：双音节词中，以 “-ly” 结尾的副词（如 carefully）、含多个元音音素的
词（如 important），均需加 more/most 变等级，不可加 - er/-est。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. This book is ________ (interesting) than the one I read last month, so I like it more.
2. Of all the students in the class, Lucy runs ________ (fast) and won the first prize in the race.
3. The weather is getting ________ (hot) and ________ (hot) as summer comes near.
4. My grandmother’s health is getting ________ (good) than before with proper care and exercise.
5. Among all the mountains we have climbed, this one is the ________ (far) and most challenging.
二、原级比较（as...as... 句型）用法表
此表格梳理 as...as... 系列句型的基础结构、变式及固定短语，明确原级比较的适用场景
和语法规则，解决 “原级比较的灵活应用” 问题，适配语法填空及单句填空题型。
类别
具体结构
示例
基础
句型
1. as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as...（表
“和…… 一样……”）
2. not as/so + 形容词 / 副词原级 +
as...（表 “不如……”，否定句中 as
可换 so）
1. Her voice is as sweet as a nightingale’s.
（形容词）
2. He drives as carefully as a professional
driver.（副词）
3. This coffee isn’t as/so strong as the one
I had yesterday.（否定）
变式
句型
1. as + 形容词 + a (n) + 单数名词 +
as...（修饰单数可数名词）
He wrote as interesting a story as his
classmates.；She bought as expensive an
umbrella as she could afford.
2. as + 形容词 + 复数名词 + as...
（修饰复数名词，无冠词）
They planted as colorful flowers as the
ones in the garden.；The library has not
as many books as the one at my
university.
3. as + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + as...
（修饰不可数名词，无冠词）
She added as sweet sugar as the recipe
suggested.；She spent as much time as
needed to finish the task.
4. 倍数词 + as + 形容词 / 副词原级
+ as...（表 “…… 是…… 的几
倍”）
The coat costs four times as much as the
shirt.；He drank three times as much
water as usual.
固定
短语
1. 比喻类：as brave as a lion、as busy
as a bee、as easy as ABC、as cold as
ice
2. 常用类：as...as possible、as...as one
can、as long as（只要）、as far as
（就…… 而言）、as soon as（一……
就）
1. She is as busy as a bee, always having
something to do.
2. Please finish the report as quickly as
possible.
3. As long as you work hard, you will
succeed.
注意事项：
1. 变式句型的冠词位置：“as + 形容词 + a (n) + 单数名词 + as...” 中，a (n) 需置于形容词
后（错误：as a interesting story as；正确：as interesting a story as）；
2. 否定句的连词替换：仅否定句中 “as” 可换 “so”（正确：not so good as；错误：so good
as，肯定句不可用 so）；
3. 倍数词的位置：倍数词必须置于 as...as... 结构最前（错误：as three times big as；正确：
three times as big as）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The new computer works ________ (efficient) as the old one, but it costs much less.
2. This is as ________ (excit) a movie as the one we watched together last year.
3. He has as ________ (much) books as his sister, but he reads much less often.
4. The price of this smartphone is three times as ________ (hight) as that of the basic model.
5. Please finish the task as ________ (careful) as possible to avoid making unnecessary mistakes.
三、比较级核心用法及易混易错表
此表格梳理比较级的高频结构及易混淆点，明确不同结构的语义和语法规则，规避 “比
较级误用” 问题，适配语法填空、单句填空及单项选择题型。
类别
具体规则
示例
核心
结构
1. 比较级 + than...（表 “比……
更……”）
Sarah is more outgoing than her twin
sister.；This task is less complex than the
previous one.
2. The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...
（表 “越……，越……”，前为从
句，后为主句）
The more expensive the car is, the better its
quality tends to be.；The larger the city is,
the more crowded the traffic becomes.
3. 比较级 + and + 比较级...（表
“越来越……”，多音节词用 more
and more + 原级）
The car ran faster and faster.；Life is
getting more and more convenient.
4. the + 比较级 + of the two（表
“两者中更…… 的”，仅用于两者
比较）
She is the taller of the two girls.；The red
one is the better choice of the two.
易混
易错
点
1. not + 比较级 + than...（表 “前
者不如后者……”，无否定前者）
This book is not more interesting than that
one.（这本书不如那本有趣，不否定两本
书的趣味性）
2. no + 比较级 + than...（表 “两者
都不……”，相当于原级反义词的
as...as...）
She sings no better than her brother.（她和
哥哥唱得一样不好，= as badly as）；
This hotel is no cleaner than the one we
stayed in.（= as dirty as）
3. a + 比较级 + 名词（表 “一个
更…… 的事物”，否定句中隐含最
高级）
Could you pass me a sweeter apple?（肯定
句）；There’s no cheaper laptop with such
类别
具体规则
示例
good performance.（否定句，隐含 “这
是性能最好且最便宜的”）
4. 比较级的修饰语（a
little/much/far/even/still/ 分数 / 百分
数）
She looks a little younger.；He runs much
faster.；The new model is 20% cheaper
than the old one.
注意事项：
1. “The + 比较级..., the + 比较级...” 的语序：前后均用陈述语序（错误：The more you
practice, the better you will speak. 正确，陈述语序无误；错误：The more do you practice, the
better will you speak. 语序错误）；
2. 比较级修饰语的搭配：“a little/a bit” 表 “稍稍”，“much/far/a great deal” 表 “…… 得
多”，不可用 very 修饰比较级（错误：very faster；正确：much faster）；
3. 两者与三者比较的区分：“the + 比较级 + of the two” 仅用于两者，三者及以上需用最高
级（错误：He is the tallest of the two；正确：He is the taller of the two）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. ________ (much) you practice speaking English, the more fluent you will become.
2. This restaurant is ________ (good) than the one downtown, so it’s always crowded.
3. She is ________ (tall) of the two girls, so she was chosen to be the team leader.
4. This movie is no ________ (interesting) than the one I saw last week—both are boring.
5. The new subway line is far ________ (many) convenient than the bus route we used to take.
四、最高级核心用法及固定短语表
此表格梳理最高级的核心句型、隐含最高级表达及固定短语，明确最高级的适用场景和
语法规则，解决 “最高级的范围判断” 问题，适配语法填空及单句填空题型。
类别
具体规则
示例
核心
句型
1. the + 最高级 + 表范围的短语 / 从句
（三者及以上比较，范围常用
in/of/among/that 从句）
Newton is the most famous scientist
among these scholars.；This is the
most beautiful park that I have ever
visited.
2. 序数词 + 最高级 + 名词 + 范围（表
“第…… 最…… 的”）
The Amazon is the second longest
river in the world.；This is the third
类别
具体规则
示例
most popular song on the chart.
隐含
最高
级
比较级 + 否定句（表 “没有比……
更……”，隐含最高级语义）
No city is more dynamic than
Shanghai.（= Shanghai is the most
dynamic city.）；I don’t think there is
a more suitable candidate than her.（=
She is the most suitable candidate.）
固定
短语
1. 表数量 / 程度：at most（最多）、at
least（至少）、at the latest（最迟）、not
in the least（一点也不）
2. 表动作 / 状态：do one’s best（尽最大
努力）、make the most of（充分利用）、
worst of all（最糟糕的是）、last but not
least（最后但同样重要的是）、the last
straw（最后一根稻草）
1. Please submit your report by Friday
at the latest.；He is not in the least
tired.
2. She did her best to finish the task.；
Last but not least, we need to check
the details.
注意事项：
1. 最高级的范围明确性：必须有 “三者及以上” 的比较范围（错误：She is the tallest in the
two girls；正确：She is the taller of the two girls）；
2. 定语从句的时态：“the + 最高级 + that 从句” 中，从句常用现在完成时（如 This is the
best book that I have ever read），表 “截至目前的经历”；
3. 固定短语的语义：“make the most of” 与 “make the best of” 同义（均为 “充分利用”），
“not in the least” 表否定（= not at all），不可理解为 “至少”。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. This is the ________ (delicious) cake I have ever tasted in my life.
2. The Yangtze River is the third ________ (long) river in the world.
3. No one in the class is ________ (intelligent) than her—she always gets the highest scores.
4. We should do our ________ (good) to help those in need and make the world a better place.
5. You must submit your application by Friday at the ________ (late) if you want to be considered.
五、含比较级 / 最高级的高频短语表
此表格梳理文档中含比较级、最高级的固定短语，明确短语语义和适用场景，适配书面
表达及短语辨析题型，帮助丰富语言表达。
类别
具体短语
语义
示例
含比较
级短语
1. change for the
better/worse
2. worse still/to
1. 变得更好 /
更糟
1. The weather changed for the
worse.
2. The car broke down, and worse
类别
具体短语
语义
示例
make matters
worse/even
worse/what is worse
3. more or less
4. sooner or later
5. more than
6. no more than/not
more than
7. what’s more
8. still less
2. 更糟糕的是
3. 或多或少
4. 迟早
5. 不仅仅；超
过
6. 仅仅 / 不
超过
7. 而且
8. 更不用说
still, we had no phone signal.
3. The work is more or less finished.
4. You’ll regret it sooner or later.
5. Reading is more than a hobby.
6. He has no more than 100 yuan.
7. She is kind, and what’s more, she
is hardworking.
8. He can’t speak English, still less
French.
含最高
级短语
1. at most/at least
2. at the latest
3. not in the least
4. worst of all
5. do one’s
best/make the best
of/make the most of
6. last but not least
7. the last straw
1. 最多 / 至
少
2. 最迟
3. 一点也不
4. 最糟糕的是
5. 尽最大努力
/ 充分利用
6. 最后但同样
重要的是
7. 最后一根稻
草
1. We need at least two hours.
2. Come back by 10 pm at the latest.
3. I’m not in the least interested in
the movie.
4. Worst of all, he forgot the key.
5. Make the most of this opportunity.
6. Last but not least, thank you all.
7. The delayed flight was the last
straw for her.
注意事项：
1. 短语的语义区分：“no more than” 表 “仅仅”（含嫌少语气），“not more than” 表
“不超过”（客观陈述）（如 He has no more than 5 books. 暗含 “书少”；He has not more
than 5 books. 仅说明数量）；
2. 否定递进短语：“still less” 用于否定句后，表 “更不用说”（错误：He can speak
English, still less French；正确：He can’t speak English, still less French）；
3. 固定搭配的完整性：不可遗漏短语中的介词或冠词（错误：make most of；正确：make the
most of）。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The situation has changed for the ________ (good) since the new policy was carried out.
2. He is ________ (much) than a teacher to us—he is also our friend and mentor.
3. ________ (bad) still, we ran out of gas on the way to the airport and missed the flight.
4. We need to make the ________ (much) of every opportunity to improve our English skills.
5. Last but not ________ (little), I would like to thank my family for their constant support and
encouragement.
一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．（2025·江苏盐城·二模）In the darkest days when Covis-19 was doing its worst, the human
spirit shone at its
(bright).
2．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）After a few months, we did not complain about homework
anymore because we knew that our teachers worked
(hard) than we did.
3．（2023 高三·上海·专题练习）After just 12 minutes with dogs, patients’ hearts and lungs
seemed to be working
(well).
4．（2022 高三上·浙江·专题练习）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could
feel much
(well) after seeing a doctor.
5．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）According to some reports, this satellite and other US spy
satellites have the technology to take even
(sharp) images, with a resolution of up to
around 4 inches (10cm).
6．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Another theme is data. Managers alike will want more data in
order to understand how facilities are being used, and the question of who owns data and what data
are needed is about to become
(pressing).
7．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Machine learning is now capable of far, far
(complex) tasks.
8．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）The tribes are working to build a
(big) museum
that will be closer to U.S. Highway 93. It’s a push to share their history with more people.
9．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to
decide which of the two courses could be
(appropriate).
10．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is
(wonderful) one I have ever attended.
11．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better
with__
(little) money and
(few) people.
12．（2022 高三·上海·专题练习）John has three sisters. Mary is
(clever) of the
three.
13．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）The heat will affect rails so the trains have to run
(slow). There may be fewer services. People need to be on their guard for disruption. If they don’t
have to travel, this may be a moment to work from home.
14．（2026 高三·全国·专题练习）This morning he arrived at the office much
(early)
than before.
15．（2025 高三·全国·专题练习）Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the
diamond ring (cook) a meal.
Passage 1
（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2
(treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool,
starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in
3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-
member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties
there.
What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out
loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be
well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They
all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their
journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state,
Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the
9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint
Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the
honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
Passage 2
（2023·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing
1
arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”,
2
(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3 (surround)in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 4
(permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials
and wealthy businessmen often 5 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof
beams and pillars( 柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by
6
(space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their
siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decoration, and
the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s
long history 8 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some
are even associated with historic 9 (event). In contrast to the court life and
upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of
Heaven, the hutongs reflect 10 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
Passage 3
（2025·宁夏银川·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
The night sky has been an endless source of fascination since the start of human history. For
example, the mysterious large-eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, 1
(discover) at the Chinese archaeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look
across great distances into the stars. In reality, humans can see very little of the night sky with the
naked eye. And, for a long while, people were unable to understand 2 they
could see. Not knowing what the stars were, people in ancient times used their imaginations to create
a world in the sky.
Our power to investigate and thus understand space changed
3
(dramatic) when the first telescope was angled at the night sky. It increased the power of the human
eye, 4 (enable) us to understand that the universe is far 5
(large) than previously imaginable. The planets were seen to be worlds similar to our own, many of
them even having their own moons. Soon, 6 was understood that the Sun was
just one star among billions in the galaxy which we call the Milky Way.
Almost 400 years after the first Earth-based telescope was invented, the Hubble Space
Telescope 7 (launch) into orbit. It gave astronomers — indeed all of us — the
first breathtakingly beautiful 8 (image) of our universe taken from beyond
Earth. Nothing in history has allowed us to see so much over such great distances, from enormous
clouds of gas where stars are being born, to huge black holes, and even to new planets where we
might conceivably find life. Not only that — it has also helped us to work out the age and nature of
the universe, and discover the incredible fact that the universe is expanding
9
an ever-increasing speed. Currently, China operates the world’s largest
10
most powerful radio telescope, the FAST telescope, completed in 2016.
Passage 4
（2025·辽宁丹东·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Kew Gardens in London has opened one of its 1 (ambitious) garden
projects in recent years: the Carbon Garden.
Carbon is the building block of life, and can 2 (find) in all living things.
However, human activities are releasing too much carbon dioxide 3 the
atmosphere, trapping heat and 4 (warm) the planet. This new permanent garden
brings to life the critical role that carbon plays in sustaining life on Earth. It also communicates the
scale of the climate crisis, and shares how plants and fungi are our natural allies in climate repair.
The garden features a selection of herbaceous perennials (草本多年生植物), an exposed coal face
showing fossilised plants, a dry garden with drought-tolerant plants, a rain garden, 5
thirty-five new trees selected for their resilience to future climate conditions. A fungal-inspired
pavilion directs rainwater into the rain garden, and provides shelter for school 6
(visit) and community activities.
Richard Wilford, designer of the Carbon Garden, says: “The Carbon Garden offers 7
unique opportunity to showcase our ongoing research, combining scientific insight with 8
(thought) design and beautiful planting, to highlight the role of carbon in our lives, how it moves
through the environment, and 9 plants and fungi can help us tackle climate
change.”
The hope is that the Carbon Garden will encourage visitors to become advocates for nature,
highlighting actions they can take 10 (support) the health of plants and the
planet.
Passage 5
（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
In the high-altitude terrain of Southwest China’s Yunnan Province, Zhaotong city has
transformed from a traditional farming region into the 1 (large) high-quality
apple production base in southern China, 2 (reshape) the lives of once
impoverished residents.
3 (locate) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Zhaotong’s 4
(combine) of low latitude, high altitude, ample sunshine, and significant daily temperature swings
has provided ideal conditions for growing sweet, crisp apples. The citywide industry now spans
nearly 66,700 hectares, 5 an output of 1.3 million tons last year and a
comprehensive economic value of 15 billion yuan ($2.07 billion).
The apple industry 6 (benefit) 138,000 households so far, or about
527,000 people. In April last year, apples from Zhaotong were part of the fresh food supply for
astronauts aboard 7 Shenzhou-18 spacecraft, becoming a powerful engine of
economic growth and rural vitalization, according to the local agriculture and rural affairs
department.
In Zhaoyang, 8 is the core district in the city, a massive 6,670-hectare
orchard is regarded as the largest high-density apple base in the country, with 118 apple 9
(variety). It has employed advanced techniques from New Zealand 10 other
countries, such as dwarf rootstocks and an integrated water and fertilizer drip irrigation system, said
Yang Longjiang, director of the district’s industry development center.
Passage 6
（2025·四川绵阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Eight Treasures Duck, a classic dish from Jiangsu cuisine, 1 (have) a
history of over 300 years. It gets 2 (it) name from the eight ingredients stuffed
inside — glutinous rice, chestnuts, and dried fruits, 3 give the dish a rich,
sweet flavor.
4 making this dish, chefs first clean a whole duck and remove its bones,
keeping the skin intact. The duck 5 (stuff) with the eight treasures, then sewn
up and braised (焖煮) slowly in soy sauce. The process, 6 takes several hours,
requires patience and skill.
In the past, Eight Treasures Duck 7 (serve) only on important occasions
like weddings. Today, it is 8 (easy) to find in restaurants, yet still carries a
sense of celebration. Many families enjoy it during the Lunar New Year, as the duck’s round shape
symbolizes 9 (harmonious) and unity.
10 (compare) to other duck dishes, it stands out for its combination of
savory and sweet tastes. Each bite tells a story of traditional cooking wisdom passed down through
generations.
