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高中英语外刊时文阅读训练
专题37
厄尔尼诺现象的消失
Ⅰ.文章话题导入
Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读
Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习
Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练
Ⅴ.参考译文赏析
【话题·导语】
厄尔尼诺现象的消失并不意味着热量的缓解。当世界因人类驱动的气候变化而变暖时，情况并非如
此。事实上，预测者认为这可能意味着相反的情况。
【原文·外刊阅读】
An El Niño-less summer is coming
（文章来源：CNN）
El Niño is a natural climate pattern marked by
warmer than average ocean temperatures in the equatorial
Pacific. When the water gets cooler than average, it’s a
La Niña. Either phase can have an effect on weather
around the globe.
By June, forecasters expect those ocean temperatures
to hover close to normal, marking a so-called neutral phase, before La Niña builds in early summer,
according to NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center.
But the strength of El Niño or La Niña’s influence on US weather isn’t uniform and varies
greatly based on the strength of the phenomena and the season itself.
The influence of El Niño or La Niña on US weather isn’t as clear-cut in the summer as it is in
the winter, especially during a transition between the two phases, said Michelle L’Heureux, a climate
scientist with the Climate Prediction Center.
Temperature differences between the tropics and North America are more extreme in the winter,
L’Heureux explained. This allows the jet stream to become quite strong and influential, reliably sending
storms into certain parts of the US.
In the summer, the difference in temperature between the two regions isn’t as significant and the
obvious influence on US weather wanes.
But we can look back at what happened during similar summers to get a glimpse of what could
come this summer.
In short: It’s not cool.
The summer of 2016 was one of the hottest on record for the Lower 48. La Niña conditions were
in place by midsummer and followed a very strong El Niño winter.
Summer 2020 followed a similar script: La Niña conditions formed midsummer after a weak El Niño
winter but still produced one of the hottest summers on record and the most active hurricane season on
record.
Then there’s the fact that these climate phenomena are playing out in a warming world, raising the
ceiling on the extreme heat potential.
“This obviously isn’t our grandmother’s transition out of El Niño – we’re in a much warmer
world so the impacts will be different,” L’Heureux, said. “We’re seeing the consequences of climate
change.”
Current summer temperature outlooks for the US are certainly bringing the heat.
Above-average temperatures are forecast over nearly every square mile of the Lower 48. Only
portions of the Dakotas, Minnesota and Montana have an equal chance of encountering near normal,
above- or below-normal temperatures.
A huge portion of the West is likely to have warmer conditions than normal. This forecast tracks
with decades of climate trends, according to L’Heureux.
Summers have warmed more in the West than in any other region of the US since the early 1990s,
according to data from NOAA. Phoenix is a prime example. The city’s average July temperature last
year was an unheard-of 102.7 degrees, making it the hottest month on record for any US city. It was
also the deadliest year on record for heat in Maricopa County, where Phoenix is located.
Forecasts also show a worrying precipitation trend for parts of the West.
Large sections of the West and the central US are likely to be drier than normal. This dryness,
combined with above-normal heat, which only amplifies the dryness, could be a recipe for new or
worsening drought.
Wetter than normal conditions are in the forecast from the Gulf Coast to the Northeast. Stormy
weather could be a consistent companion for much of the East – but whether it comes from typical rain
and thunderstorms or tropical activity won’t be known for months.
【原创·阅读理解】
1. What does El Niño typically signify in terms of ocean temperatures?
A. Cooler than average ocean temperatures.
B. Warmer than average ocean temperatures.
C. Stable ocean temperatures.
D. Constantly fluctuating ocean temperatures.
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据文章内容，El Niño 是一种气候模式，其标志是赤道太平洋地区海洋温度高于平均水平，因
此选B 项。
2. How does La Niña generally affect summer weather in the US compared to winter?
A. It has a clearer effect in summer than in winter.
B. Its influence is less clear in summer than in winter.
C. It causes cooler temperatures in both seasons.
D. It only influences winter weather patterns.
【答案】 B
【解析】 文中提到，La Niña 对美国夏季天气的影响不如冬季明显，尤其是在两个阶段之间的过渡期，因
此选B 项。
3. According to NOAA data, how have summer temperatures in the West compared to other regions since
the early 1990s?
A. They have cooled significantly.
B. They have warmed more than any other region.
C. They have remained stable and unchanged.
D. They are projected to be lower than average.
【答案】 B
【解析】 文章指出，自1990 年代初以来，西部的夏季气温上升幅度超过美国其他地区，因此选B 项。
4. What precipitation trend is forecasted for parts of the West in the upcoming summer?
A. Wetter than normal conditions.
B. Drier than normal conditions.
C. Normal precipitation levels.
D. Fluctuating precipitation patterns.
【答案】 B
【解析】 预测显示，西部和中部美国的大部分地区可能会比正常情况干燥，这种干燥条件与异常高温结
合可能导致新的或加剧的干旱，因此选B 项。
【高频词汇训练】
1．The average age of Senior 1 students in our school is about fifteen.(同义句转化）
, the age of Senior 1 students in our school is about fifteen.
【答案】On average
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：我们学校高一学生的平均年龄大约是15 岁。表示“平均”用介词短语on
average，符合句意。故填On；average。
2．我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。（应用文之人际关系）
that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
【答案】All of us subscribe to the view
【详解】考查时态。根据“is based on”可知，此处应用一般现在时。表示“我们所有人”应用all of us 作
主语，表示“赞成”应用动词短语subscribe to，表示“这个观点”应用this view。句首首字母应大写。故
填All of us subscribe to the view。
3．The young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every grain. From my point of view, it is
especially important. (用it 作形式主语合并句子)
【答案】From my point of view, it is especially important that the young generation today should understand the
poem and treasure every grain.
【详解】考查it 作形式主语。句意：今天的年轻一代应该理解这首诗，珍惜每一粒粮食。在我看来，这尤
其重要。后句中的it 指代前句The young generation today should understand the poem and treasure every
grain.，可用句型It is +形容词+ that 从句，意为“做某事是……的”，其中it 为形式主语， that 从句为真
正的主语。故答案为：From my point of view, it is especially important that the young generation today should
understand the poem and treasure every grain.
4．这个地区很多人摆脱了贫困。
Most people in this region poverty.
【答案】were lifted out of
【详解】考查动词短语、时态和语态。表示“摆脱”的英语是动词短语lift…out of；空格处用作句子的谓
语部分，主语Most people 和动词lift 之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，根据句意，应使用一般过去时，
因此，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态形式，主语是复数，助动词be 应使用were，故填were；lifted；
out；of。
5．The object of these experiments was to find the connection, , between the two
phenomena.
这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。
【答案】if any
【详解】考查固定句型。结合句意表示“若有的话；如果有的话”可知句型为if any。故填if any。
6．How would you feel if you ? (track)
假如你与朋友失去联系，你感觉如何？
【答案】lost track of your friends
【详解】考查固定短语。根据汉语意思，设空处为与朋友失去联系，短语lose track of，意为“与……失去
联系”，你的朋友译为“your friends”，根据上文 would 可知应用一般过去时，故填lost track of your
friends。
7．如果你学会把知识和经验结合起来，我们相信你一定会成功。(combine...with...)
，we are sure that you will succeed.
【答案】If you learn to combine your knowledge with experience
【详解】考查if 条件句和动词短语。空处应为条件状语从句，表示“学会做某事”应用learn to do sth.，作
谓语动词，用一般现在时表示将来，表示“将……结合起来”应用动词短语combine…with…，在从句中作
learn 的宾语，所以空处应填If you learn to combine your knowledge with experience。故答案为If you learn to
combine your knowledge with experience。
8．He (习惯) the tropical climate in the area since he has stayed there for almost ten years. （根据汉语
提示完成句子）
【答案】has been accustomed to/used to
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：他在那里呆了近十年，已经习惯了那里的热带气候。短语be used
to/accustomed to“习惯”，分析句子可知，此处是谓语，主语为He，由since 连接的状语从句的状语for
almost ten years 可知主句时态要用现在完成时，动作现在仍然发生。故填has been accustomed to/used to。
【参考译文】
一个没有厄尔尼诺现象的夏天即将到来
厄尔尼诺现象是一种自然气候模式，其特征是赤道太平洋的海洋温度高于平均水平。当水比平均温度
低时，就是拉尼娜现象。这两个阶段都可能对全球天气产生影响。
根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局气候预测中心的数据，到6 月，预报员预计这些海洋温度将徘徊在接
近正常水平，标志着在初夏拉尼娜形成之前的所谓中性阶段。
但厄尔尼诺或拉尼娜对美国天气的影响强度并不均匀，并且根据现象的强度和季节本身而变化很大。
气候预测中心的气候科学家Michelle L'Heureux 表示，厄尔尼诺或拉尼娜对美国天气的影响在夏季并
不像冬季那样明显，尤其是在两个阶段之间的过渡期间。
L'Heureux 解释说，热带和北美之间的温差在冬季更为极端。这使得急流变得非常强大和有影响力，可
靠地将风暴送入美国的某些地区。
在夏季，两个地区之间的温差并不显著，对美国天气的影响明显减弱。
但我们可以回顾一下类似夏天发生的事情，看看今年夏天会发生什么。
简而言之：这并不酷。
2016 年夏天是48 州以下有记录以来最热的夏天之一。盛夏时，拉尼娜现象已经出现，随后是一个非
常强烈的厄尔尼诺冬季。
2020 年夏季遵循了类似的脚本：拉尼娜现象在经历了一个弱厄尔尼诺冬季后于仲夏形成，但仍然产生
了有记录以来最热的夏季之一和有记录以来最强的飓风季节。
还有一个事实是，这些气候现象正在变暖的世界中发挥作用，提高了极端热潜力的上限。
L'Heureux 说：“这显然不是我们祖母从厄尔尼诺现象中过渡出来的——我们生活在一个更温暖的世界
里，所以影响会有所不同。”“我们看到了气候变化的后果。”
美国目前的夏季气温前景肯定会带来热量。
预计下48 英里几乎每平方英里的温度都高于平均水平。只有达科他州、明尼苏达州和蒙大拿州的部分
地区有同等的机会遇到接近正常、高于或低于正常的温度。
西部很大一部分地区的气温可能会比正常情况更高。根据L'Heureux 的说法，这一预测与几十年的气
候趋势相吻合。
根据美国国家海洋和大气管理局的数据，自20 世纪90 年代初以来，西方的夏季气温比美国其他任何
地区都要高。凤凰城就是一个很好的例子。去年7 月，该市的平均气温达到了前所未有的102.7 度，成为
美国有记录以来最热的月份。这也是凤凰城所在的马里科帕县有史以来最致命的高温年份。
预报还显示，西部部分地区的降水趋势令人担忧。
美国西部和中部的大部分地区可能比正常情况更干燥。这种干燥，再加上高于正常水平的热量，只会
加剧干燥，可能会导致新的或恶化的干旱。
从墨西哥湾沿岸到东北部的天气预报比正常情况更潮湿。风暴天气可能是东部大部分地区的持续伴
侣，但它是来自典型的降雨和雷暴还是热带活动，几个月后才会知道。
