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高中英语外刊时文阅读训练
专题29
自闭症研究新突破
Ⅰ.文章话题导入
Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读
Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习
Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练
Ⅴ.参考译文赏析
【话题·导语】
最近的研究强调了小脑在运动协调和社会认知功能中的关键作用，将其已知的重要性扩展到了运动控
制之外。创新的脑刺激技术，如磁刺激和经颅电刺激，有望改善自闭症等疾病的治疗。
【原文·外刊阅读】
Autism Breakthrough: Cerebellar Abnormalities Linked to Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
（文章来源：Scitech daily）
In a recent study published in Nature Reviews
Neuroscience, Professor Frank Van Overwalle, from the
Brain, Body, and Cognition research group at Vrije
Universiteit Brussel (VUB), highlights the
underappreciated role of the cerebellum in both motor
functions and social-cognitive processes. His research
supports a growing trend in neuroscience, which has
historically concentrated more on the cerebrum.
For decades, the cerebellum was primarily associated
with motor coordination.
“People with cerebellar abnormalities often experience motor issues,” Van Overwalle explains.
“For example, they struggle to smoothly touch their nose with a finger. These difficulties highlight the
cerebellum’s essential role in refining motor movements.”
Expanding Beyond Motor Functions
However, Van Overwalle’s research extends beyond motor functions, exploring the cerebellum’s
involvement in social and cognitive abilities. His findings reveal that abnormalities in the cerebellum not
only lead to motor deficits but are also linked to emotional and behavioral disorders. He references
research on individuals with autism, demonstrating how non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like
magnetic stimulation can improve social task performance.
“We’ve seen improvements in the sequence of cognitive tasks in people with autism through
magnetic stimulation,” says Van Overwalle. “We’re now testing more complex tasks to see if these
effects can be further enhanced, with the ultimate goal of developing practical treatments for people with
autism.”
A notable breakthrough is the use of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), a more affordable and
accessible technique compared to magnetic stimulation. While the effects of tES are still limited, the
research group is committed to further development, seeing its potential for wide-scale application in the
future.
This research offers a fresh perspective on the cerebellum’s role and paves the way for new
treatments for psychiatric and neurological conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders. “Our hope is to
refine these techniques further to improve social and cognitive functions in people with autism,”
concludes Van Overwalle.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What does Professor Frank Van Overwalle's research emphasize about the cerebellum?
A. Its role in speech production.
B. Its association with motor coordination.
C. Its exclusive function in sensory processing.
D. Its significance in emotional regulation.
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据文章内容，Professor Frank Van Overwalle 的研究强调小脑与运动协调的主要关联，指出小
脑在运动功能中的重要性。故选B 项。
2.How does Van Overwalle's research extend the understanding of the cerebellum?
A. It only focuses on its motor functions.
B. It links the cerebellum to social and cognitive abilities.
C. It dismisses the cerebellum's role in motor coordination.
D. It emphasizes its role in sensory input.
【答案】 B
【解析】 研究显示小脑不仅与运动功能有关，还与情感和认知能力相关，因此选B 项。
3.What technique has shown promise in improving social task performance in individuals with autism?
A. Cognitive behavioral therapy.
B. Magnetic stimulation techniques.
C. Traditional medication.
D. Physical therapy exercises.
【答案】 B
【解析】 根据文章，非侵入性脑刺激技术，如磁刺激，已在自闭症患者中改善社交任务表现，因此选B
项。
4.What is a notable breakthrough in the research on the cerebellum mentioned by Van Overwalle?
A. The development of a new medication.
B. The use of transcranial electrical stimulation.
C. Enhanced surgical techniques for brain surgery.
D. Improved imaging techniques for brain studies.
【答案】 B
【解析】 Van Overwalle 提到的突破是使用经颅电刺激(tES)技术，这是一种更经济、可及的方法，因此选
B 项。
【高频词汇训练】
1．They tended to lose cognitive (认知的) f at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】functions/unctions
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们失去认知功能的速度比那些从事脑力挑战性最低的工作的人要慢得多。空
处要用名词作宾语，结合句意及首字母提示可知，function 功能，function 是可数名词，此处应用复数形
式。故填functions。
2．He was ultimately (推翻) and the country descended into chaos. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】overthrown
【详解】考查动词。句意：他最终被推翻，国家陷入混乱。“推翻”应用动词overthrow，overthrow 和主
语He 之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且空前已有was，overthrow 应用过去分词的形式。故填
overthrown。
3．This paper summarized the mechanisms and effects of the new technique on (繁殖). (根据汉
语提示单词拼写)
【答案】reproduction
【详解】考查名词。句意：这份报告总结了该新技术的机制及其对繁殖的影响。空处作on 的宾语，“繁
殖”应用名词reproduction，为不可数名词。故填reproduction。
4．Many people throughout (historical) have dreamt of a world without war. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
【答案】history
【详解】考查名词。句意：历史上许多人都梦想过一个没有战争的世界。作介词的宾语应用名词history，
不可数。故填history。
5．The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided (explore) a bit. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to explore
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：当我到达时，校园仍然很安静，所以我决定去探索一下。分析句子可知，这
里考查decide to do，表“决定做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此空应用不定式作宾语。故填to explore。
6．We’ve seen more technologies become (access) to more people in the recent years. (所给词的适当
形式填空)
【答案】accessible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：近年来，我们看到更多的人能够使用更多的技术。本空需要用形容词
accessible“可使用的”，位于become 后，作表语。故填accessible。
7．The explorers the lost city, driven by curiosity.
出于好奇心，探险家们继续寻找失落的城市。
【答案】continued to search for
【详解】考查动词时态。设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“继续做
某事”用continue to do sth；表示“寻找”用search for。故填continued to search for。
8．This heart attack may be related to his overwork. (改为同义句)
→This heart attack may his overwork. (link)
【答案】be linked to
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这次心脏病发作可能与他工作过度有关。此处be related to 可用be linked to
替换，且may 后跟动词原形。故填be linked to。
【参考译文】
自闭症突破：小脑异常与情绪和行为障碍有关
最近发表在《自然评论神经科学》上的一项研究中，布鲁塞尔自由大学大脑、身体和认知研究小组的
Frank Van Overwalle 教授强调了小脑在运动功能和社会认知过程中被低估的作用。他的研究支持了神经科
学日益增长的趋势，历史上神经科学更关注大脑。
几十年来，小脑主要与运动协调有关。
Van Overwalle 解释说：“小脑异常的人经常会出现运动问题。”“例如，他们很难用手指平稳地触摸
鼻子。这些困难突显了小脑在改善运动中的重要作用。”
超越运动功能
然而，Van Overwalle 的研究超越了运动功能，探索了小脑在社会和认知能力中的作用。他的研究结果
表明，小脑的异常不仅会导致运动障碍，还会与情绪和行为障碍有关。他引用了对自闭症患者的研究，展
示了磁刺激等非侵入性脑刺激技术如何提高社会任务表现。
Van Overwalle 说：“我们已经看到，通过磁刺激，自闭症患者的认知任务顺序得到了改善。”“我们
现在正在测试更复杂的任务，看看这些效果是否可以进一步增强，最终目标是为自闭症患者开发实用的治
疗方法。”
一个显著的突破是使用经颅电刺激，与磁刺激相比，这是一种更实惠、更容易获得的技术。虽然tES
的效果仍然有限，但研究小组致力于进一步开发，看到了它在未来大规模应用的潜力。
这项研究为小脑的作用提供了新的视角，并为自闭症谱系障碍等精神和神经疾病的新疗法铺平了道
路。Van Overwalle 总结道：“我们希望进一步完善这些技术，以改善自闭症患者的社会和认知功能。”
