专题20 完形填空说明文、议论文
考点
十年考情（2015-2024）
命题趋势
说明文
+议论文
（10 年
4 篇）
2022 年：3 篇
- 2022 全国乙卷（儿童捉迷藏行
为的心理学研究）
- 2022 浙江卷 6 月（信任在亲子
与职场中的重要性）
2016 年：1 篇
- 2016 上海卷（管理理论 X、Y
及现代管理趋势）
1. 题材聚焦社会科学与生活哲理：多围绕心理学现象
（如儿童行为研究）、人际关系（如信任的重要
性）、管理理念等，结合生活实际与学术视角，兼具
科学性与思辨性。
2. 结构注重逻辑与论证层次：说明文多采用 “提出
问题 — 分析解释 — 得出结论” 的结构，议论文则
以 “论点 — 论据 — 结论” 展开，通过举例、对
比等方式强化逻辑，设空侧重句间衔接（如因果、转
折）。
3. 考查重点偏向抽象词义与逻辑词：高频考查抽象名
词（如 belief、trust）、动词（如 comprehend、
develop）及连接词（如 similarly、however），强调对
语境中抽象概念和逻辑关系的理解。
4. 语言风格严谨客观：用词精准规范，避免口语化表
达，常出现学科相关词汇（如 egocentric、
empowerment），要求考生结合上下文推断词义，理
解专业概念。
5. 融入跨场景应用与现实意义：将理论知识与生活场
景（如育儿、职场管理）结合，引导考生思考社会现
象与人文哲理，体现学以致用的导向。
完形填空说明文、议论文
2024 年
Cloze 1
【2022 年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,
there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology
___26___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down
with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear
the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered
her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.
A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results
were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their
___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They
simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by
putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___
when others use it.
21. A. following
B. taking
C. escaping
D. directing
22. A. clever
B. bad
C. scared
D. quick
23. A. exposed
B. examined
C. untouched
D. imbalanced
24. A. supported
B. guaranteed
C. imagined
D. interpreted
25. A. disappointing
B. mixed
C. surprising
D. desired
26. A. explained
B. confirmed
C. contradicted
D. tested
27. A. parent
B. child
C. researcher
D. doctor
28. A. feet
B. nose
C. hands
D. ears
29. A. see
B. help
C. reach
D. fool
30. A. event
B. thing
C. action
D. accident
31. A. Yet
B. Now
C. Soon
D. Once
32. A. speak
B. listen
C. turn
D. wave
33. A. instructions
B. descriptions
C. experiments
D. assumptions
34. A. comprehended
B. predicted
C. explored
D. ignored
35. A. partly
B. honestly
C. vaguely
D. exactly
36. A. responses
B. approaches
C. contribution
D. sensitivity
37. A. ability
B. belief
C. identity
D. purpose
38. A. hold back
B. relate to
C. insist on
D. make up
39. A. limitations
B. requirements
C. theories
D. findings
40. A. tentative
B. impressive
C. creative
D. effective
Cloze 2
【2022 年浙江卷6 月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it.
“Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He
throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is
___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good
___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve
B. miss
C. love
D. know
17. A. as if
B. in case
C. even though
D. so that
18. A. fear
B. excitement
C. doubt
D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable
B. limited
C. absolute
D. important
20. A. relief
B. satisfaction
C. achievement
D. responsibility
21. A. older
B. busier
C. quieter
D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf
B. on my part
C. in my honor
D. in my name
23. A. long-distance
B. high-risk
C. parent-child
D. teacher-student
24. A. afford
B. choose
C. wait
D. expect
25. A. attach
B. compare
C. adjust
D. introduce
26. A. safe
B. happy
C. proud
D. grateful
27. A. Above all
B. In addition
C. At first
D. For example
28. A. admit
B. believe
C. suggest
D. imagine
29. A. However
B. Therefore
C. Similarly
D. Fortunately
30. A. affection
B. determination
C. friendship
D. leadership
31. A. assess
B. organize
C. develop
D. understand
32. A. repeat
B. follow
C. change
D. forget
33. A. gesture
B. measure
C. bond
D. lack
34. A. telling
B. giving
C. selling
D. sending
35. A. management
B. personality
C. communication
D. education
Cloze 3
【2022 年浙江卷6 月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it.
“Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He
throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is
___19___ which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good
___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve
B. miss
C. love
D. know
17. A. as if
B. in case
C. even though
D. so that
18. A. fear
B. excitement
C. doubt
D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable
B. limited
C. absolute
D. important
20. A. relief
B. satisfaction
C. achievement
D. responsibility
21. A. older
B. busier
C. quieter
D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf
B. on my part
C. in my honor
D. in my name
23. A. long-distance
B. high-risk
C. parent-child
D. teacher-student
24. A. afford
B. choose
C. wait
D. expect
25. A. attach
B. compare
C. adjust
D. introduce
26. A. safe
B. happy
C. proud
D. grateful
27. A. Above all
B. In addition
C. At first
D. For example
28. A. admit
B. believe
C. suggest
D. imagine
29. A. However
B. Therefore
C. Similarly
D. Fortunately
30. A. affection
B. determination
C. friendship
D. leadership
31. A. assess
B. organize
C. develop
D. understand
32. A. repeat
B. follow
C. change
D. forget
33. A. gesture
B. measure
C. bond
D. lack
34. A. telling
B. giving
C. selling
D. sending
35. A. management
B. personality
C. communication
D. education
2016 年完形填空说明文、议论文
Cloze 1
【2016 年上海卷】In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management,
developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work
and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe,
53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be
imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures,
particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or
work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western
companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some
experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach
common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own
without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60
the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just
a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.
Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and
delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and
that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet
work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of
what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire
B. seek
C. lose
D. dislike
52. A. contrary
B. expectation
C. degree
D. extreme
53. A. vice versa
B. for example
C. however
D. otherwise
54. A. outside
B. inside
C. below
D. above
55. A. replacing
B. assessing
C. managing
D. encouraging
56. A. refer
B. contribute
C. object
D. apply
57. A. agreement
B. practice
C. election
D. impression
58. A. bossy
B. experienced
C. western
D. male
59. A. asking
B. training
C. warning
D. firing
60. A. doubling
B. maintaining
C. reducing
D. estimating
61. A. honored
B. left
C. crowded
D. compared
62. A. economically
B. traditionally
C. inadequately
D. occasionally
63. A. deny
B. admit
C. assume
D. ensure
64. A. virtual
B. ineffective
C. day-to-day
D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion
B. risk
C. performance
D. attractiveness
