专题26 动词和动词短语
目录
01 知识脑图·学科框架速建
02 考点精析·知识能力全解
【知能解读01】动词的分类
【知能解读02】助动词的用法
【知能解读03】情态动词用法
03 攻坚指南·高频考点突破
【重难点突破01】及物动词用法
【重难点突破02】不及物动词用法
【重难点突破03】延续性动词用法
【重难点突破04】非延续性动词用法
04 避坑锦囊·易混易错诊疗
【易混易错01】易混动词短语辨析
【易混易错02】动词+介词/副词归纳
【易混易错03】2025 高考动词熟词生义
05 通法提炼·高频思维拆解
【用法拓展01】状态类系动词
【用法拓展02】持续类系动词
【用法拓展03】感官类系动词
【用法拓展04】变化类系动词
【用法拓展05】终止类系动词
01 动词的分类
02 助动词的用法
1.助动词的定义
协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。与被协助的主要动词构成时态，语态、疑问句、否定句和
加强语气等。助动词是语法功能词，本身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语意思。
2.助动词的作用
助动词协助主要动词完成以下功能，可以用来构成时态、语态，构成疑问句，加强语气，构成否定句。
She has lived in Beijing for ten years. 她在北京住了十年了。
The letter was written by my father. 这封信是我父亲写的。
Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？
He did
apologize
for his mistake. 他确实为错误道了歉。
He does not like spicy food. 他不喜欢辣的食物。
3.助动词be（am, is, are, was, were）的用法
助动词be+现在分词，构成进行时态；助动词be+过去分词，构成被动语态；助动词be+动词不定式，
表示根据安排要发生的事情。
I was
cooking
dinner when the phone rang. 电话响时我正在做晚饭。
The problem was
solved
by the team yesterday. 问题昨天被团队解决了。
The project is to be
completed
by the end of the month. 项目须在月底前完成。
4.助动词have (has, had) 的用法
have +过去分词，构成完成时态；have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时；have+动词不定式，表示
因客观环境而不得不做的事情。
He had studied English before moving to the US. 他去美国前就已经学过英语了。
He has been working on this book since last year. 他从去年开始一直在写这本书。
They had to walk home because the last bus had left. 末班车走了，他们不得不走路回家。
5. 助动词do (does, did) 的用法
助动词do (does, did)可以协助构成一般疑问句、否定句、倒装句、代动词。
Did they finish the project before the deadline? 他们在截止日前完成项目了吗？
I don’t want to eat fast food tonight. 我今晚不想吃快餐。
Seldom does he go to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。
He didn’t finish the task, but she did. 他没完成任务，但她完成了。
6.助动词shall/ will 的用法
shall 构成一般将来时，should 构成过去将来时，用于第一人称，后接动词原形；will 构成一般将来时，
would 构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称，后接动词原形。
We shall start the journey at dawn tomorrow. 我们明天黎明将启程。
She will perform on stage at the concert tonight. 她今晚将在音乐会上登台表演。
They believed she would win the competition easily. 他们相信她会轻松赢得比赛。
03 情态动词用法
请参考 专题
19
情态动词（知识清单）（全国通用）
-2026
年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出下列高考真题划线合成形容词的汉语。
1．I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open.
2．Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily.
3．Not until then he realize the importance of studying English.
4．How long you suppose it is since he arrived and began to work here?
5．No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train.
01 及物动词用法
及物动词后必须跟宾语（可以是名词、代词、动名词等），否则句子不完整。
1.动词+宾语
I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
2.动词+宾语+宾补
We call the bird Polly.我们叫那只鸟波莉。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见这些孩子们在公园玩。
注意:带省略to 的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:make,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear 等。
3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell,write,read 等。
4.be+过去分词
This bridge was built by the workers in 2010. 这座桥是工人们在 2010 年建造的。
02 不及物动词用法
1.不及物动词自身意思完整,无需接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。
They swam in the lake every summer when young. 他们年轻时每年夏天都在湖里游泳。
2.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
She runs a small café near the park. 她在公园附近经营一家小咖啡馆。
He runs five kilometers every morning. 他每天早上跑五公里。
3.不及物动词与介词、副词连用构成动词短语。
We waited for the train at the station for hours. 我们在车站等火车等了好几个小时。
The old car broke down on the way to work. 那辆旧车在上班路上抛锚了。
They ran out of fuel in the middle of the desert. 他们在沙漠中耗尽了燃料。
03 延续性动词用法
延续性动词表示动作是可持续的,如live,stay,study,work,keep,teach 等可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。
We have lived in China since 2001. 自从2001 年以来,我们一直住在中国。
04 非延续性动词用法
1.非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词，不能与表示时间段的状语连用，只能与表示时间点的状语，如yesterday 搭
配，强调动作发生的瞬间。如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch 等。
He joined the army in 2020. 他 2020 年参军了。
I borrowed this book from the library yesterday. 我昨天从图书馆借了这本书。
2.非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他词代替。
1. leave→be away 离开;
2. borrow→keep 借;
3. buy→have 买;
4. begin→be on 开始/上演;
5. die→be dead 去世;
6. finish→be over 结束/完成;
7. join→be in…参加；
8. marry→ be married 结婚；
9. fall ill→be ill 生病；
10. get up→be up 起床；
11. lose one's work→be out of work
失业；
12. come here→be here 来这里；
13. go there→be there 去那里；
14. become→be 成为；
15. come back→be back 回来；
16. fall asleep→be asleep 睡着；
17. wake up→be awake 醒；
18. leave→be away from 离开；
19. get to know→know 认识；
20. put on→wear 穿上；
I have had this dictionary for three months. 我买这本词典已经三个月了。
I have kept the magazine for two weeks. 我借这本杂志已经两个星期了。
Hurry up! The film has been on for five minutes. 赶快！电影已经开始五分钟了。
He has been up for an hour, but hasn’t washed his face yet. 他起床有一小时了，但还没有洗脸。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies.
2．Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language.
3．This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis.
4．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away.
5．A “hat trick” (occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game.
6．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
7．I offered to give them a lift, but they (decline).
8．Canada is a country (consist) of many nationalities.
9．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well.
10.To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles
(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
01 易混动词短语
look up vs look through
look up：强调主动查阅资料或抬头看；look through：侧重快速浏览或仔细检查
She opened the dictionary to look up the pronunciation of "phenomenon".
He looked through the contract carefully before signing it.
take off vs put on
take off：脱下衣物或飞机起飞（动作方向是"移除"）；put on：穿上或假装（动作方向是"添加"）
It's hot inside; you can take off your jacket.
She put on a brave smile even though she felt nervous.
get over vs go through
get over：克服困难或从疾病中恢复；go through：经历过程或详细检查（强调持续性）
It took her months to get over the loss of her pet.
He went through all the documents to find the error.
find out vs look for
find out：通过调查/询问发现真相；look for：单纯表示寻找的动作（结果未知）
They tried to find out who broke the window.
She's looking for her keys everywhere.
give up vs give in
give up：主动放弃某项活动或习惯；give in：屈服于压力或要求（含被动意味）
Never give up learning, even when it's challenging.
The government refused to give in to the protesters' demands.
turn up vs turn down
turn up：调高音量或意外出现；turn down：调低音量或拒绝提议
Could you turn up the TV? I can't hear the dialogue.
He had to turn down the job offer due to family reasons.
break down vs break into
break down：机器故障、情绪崩溃或分解；break into：强行闯入或突然开始（动作需接具体对象）
The car broke down on the highway, causing a traffic jam.
The audience broke into applause when the singer appeared.
carry on vs carry out
carry on：继续进行（强调持续性）；carry out：执行计划/任务或完成实验（侧重结果实现）
Despite the noise, the teacher carried on with her lesson.
Scientists will carry out a study on climate change next month.
run out of vs run out
run out of：主动耗尽某物（主语为人，后接宾语）；run out：某物被动耗尽（主语为物，不带宾语）
We ran out of milk, so I went to the supermarket.
Time is running out; we need to finish the test quickly.
pick up vs pick out
pick up：捡起、偶然学会或接送某人；pick out：精心挑选或辨认出
Children pick up languages much faster than adults.
Can you pick out the main idea of this paragraph?
hand in vs hand out
hand in：提交作业/报告（指向权威方递交）；hand out：分发材料或分配任务（指向多人发放）
Students must hand in their essays by Friday.
Volunteers handed out masks to people in the subway.
set off vs set up
set off：出发旅行或触发警报/反应；set up：建立组织或布置设备（侧重建造/准备）
They set off for the mountains at dawn.
The government plans to set up more libraries in rural areas.
take after vs take in
take after：外貌或性格像长辈（基因关联）；take in：理解信息或收留（隐含"吸收"含义）
Tom takes after his father; they both have the same sense of humor.
The lecture was too fast; I couldn't take in all the details.
cut down vs cut off
cut down：主动减少数量（如砍树/降低消费）；cut off：强制中断（通讯/供给）或隔绝空间
We should cut down plastic use to protect the environment.
The flood cut off the village from the outside world.
come across vs come up with
come across：偶然发现或偶然遇见（无计划性）；come up with：主动提出想法/解决方案（需动脑）
She came across an old photo while cleaning the attic.
Can you come up with a better title for this essay?
put off vs put up with
put off：推迟或使人反感（含双重含义）；put up with：忍耐令人不悦的事物（长期性）
Don't put off your homework until the last minute.
No one should put up with unfair treatment.
make up vs make out
make up：编造故事/补考或组成比例；make out：勉强看清/听清或理解复杂内容
Fairy tales are often made up to teach moral lessons.
I can't make out what the sign says from this distance.
hold on vs hold back
hold on：坚持住（困难中）或电话中稍等；hold back：抑制情感或阻止发展（含"压制"意味）
Hold on! The rescue team will arrive in ten minutes.
She couldn't hold back her laughter during the serious meeting.
keep on vs keep up
keep on：反复/持续做某事（后接动名词）；keep up：维持水平/速度或跟上节奏（强调"不落后"）
The baby kept on crying until her mother hugged her.
To keep up with AI technology, he reads tech news daily.
bring up vs bring in
bring up：提出议题或抚养孩子（主动引导话题或生命）；bring in：引入新事物或赚取收入
The teacher brought up the importance of time management.
The new policy will bring in more foreign tourists.
fall behind vs fall over
fall behind：进度落后（学习/比赛等抽象概念）；fall over：物理摔倒或被绊倒（具体动作）
If you miss classes, you'll fall behind in your studies.
The boy fell over a stone while running.
pass away vs pass out
pass away：委婉表达去世（正式用语）；pass out：昏厥或分发物品（根据语境变化）
The scientist passed away peacefully at the age of 9
Some runners passed out due to the extreme heat.
go on vs go over
go on：持续进行（中性描述）或发生（隐含突发性）；go over：仔细检查或复习（含“反复确认”意
味）
The meeting went on for three hours without a break.
Let me go over the instructions again to avoid mistakes.
put aside vs put away
put aside：暂时搁置（问题）或存钱（抽象/具体均可） ；put away：收纳物品或存钱（口语化）
They decided to put aside their differences and work together.
After dinner, children helped put away the dishes.
call off vs call for
call off：取消计划（主动终止）；call for：需要/要求（强调必要性）
The concert was called off due to heavy rain.
This project calls for teamwork and creativity.
break up vs break out
break up：关系结束或打碎成小块；break out：突然爆发（战争/疾病）或逃脱
The glass broke up into tiny pieces when it fell.
A fire broke out in the factory last night.
give off vs give away
give off：释放气体/气味（自然散发，无主观意图）；give away：泄露秘密或免费赠送
The flowers give off a sweet fragrance in the evening.
His accent gave away his hometown immediately.
put forward vs put down
put forward：提出建议/理论； put down：写下
Einstein put forward the theory of relativity.
Never put down others to make yourself look better.
bring about vs bring back
bring about：导致重大变化；bring back：归还物品或唤起回忆
The invention of the Internet brought about a communication revolution.
This song brings back memories of my childhood.
turn out vs turn over
turn out：结果是（出乎意料）或生产；turn over：翻转物体或移交责任
It turned out that the missing wallet was in her bag all along.
The chef turned over the pancake carefully.
run into vs run across
run into：偶然遇见或遭遇问题；run across：快速穿过或偶然发现
I ran into my math teacher at the supermarket yesterday.
She ran across the field to catch the bus.
02 动词+介词/副词
1. break
break away from 放弃, 打破; 脱离关系break down 发生故障; (计划等)失败; (精神、身体)垮掉; 分解
break in 闯入, 插嘴break into 闯入break out (战争、瘟疫等)爆发, 突然发生break up 打碎, 分手, 关系破
裂
2. bring
bring about 导致, 造成, 引起bring down 使倒下, 使降低bring in 引进; 带来; 赚得bring forward 提出; 提
前bring out 出版; 生产; 使显现bring up 抚养, 教育; 提出; 呕吐
3. call
call for 要求; 需要; 去取call back 回忆起call in 召集; 请; 召来; 顺便来访call up 打电话给;使想起call
off 取消call on 号召, 拜访
4. come
come about 发生come to 苏醒; 总计come across 偶遇; 无意中发现come true 实现, 成为现实(不及物)come
out 出版; 结果是come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with 提出(建议等)ome on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油
5. get
get across 解释清楚; 使……被理解get away from 避免; 摆脱, 逃离get away with 侥幸成功; 侥幸做成get
around 四处走动; 传播开来get down to 开始认真做某事get along/on with 进展; 与……相处get over 克服;
恢复get rid of 摆脱; 除去get through 通过; 完成; 接通电话
6. give
give away 赠送; 泄露; 分发give back 归还give in 屈服; 让步; 投降; 认输give out 分发; 发出; 公布; 用尽
give up 放弃
7. go
go against 违背; 不利于; 反对go ahead 开始(做某事); 接着干go around 参观; (消息)传播go by 过去; 经过
go down 下降; 下沉go on 继续; 发生go over 复习, 仔细检查go through 经历; 仔细检查go with 与……相配
go without 没有……也行
8. hold
hold back 犹豫; 隐瞒; 阻止hold on 别挂断hold out 坚持; 伸出hold up 举起; 阻挡, 使耽搁hold on to 紧紧抓
住; 保留; 不放弃
9. keep
keepaway from 远离; 避开keep back 隐瞒; 克制(感情)keep on 继续; 坚持下去keep out of 置身……外; 避
开keep up 保持; 继续keep up with 跟上keep an eye out for 密切注意; 留心; 警惕keep an eye on 照看; 密切
注视
10. leave
leave alone 不打扰; 不理, 不管leave behind 留下; 丢下, 丢弃leave out 遗漏, 忽略
11. look
look around 环顾四周look away from 把目光从……移开look into 调查; 窥视look back on 回忆，回顾look up
查找, 查询; 向上看look up to 尊敬; 敬仰look down upon 歧视, 看不起look forward to 盼望; 期待look
through 浏览; 快速查看look out for 心, 留意, 小心
12. make
make use of 利用make up 组成; 编造; 化妆; 和解make up for 补偿; 弥补make for 走向; 有助于; 促成, 导
致
make sense 有意义; 有道理; 讲得通make sense of 理解; 弄明白make out 理解; 分辨出, 辨认出make it 成功
13. put
put aside 撇开; 暂不考虑; 储蓄put away 收拾, 整理; 储存put back 把……放回原处put forwar 提出; 拨快
put down 记下, 写下, 镇压put out 伸出; 扑灭; 生产; 出版put up 建造, 张贴; 提供住宿put up with 忍受; 容
忍put on 穿上, 增加, 上演
14. set
set aside 划出; 留出; 拨出set about 着手做某事 set out 出发, 动身set out to do sth. 着手做某事set off 动
身; 引起; 使爆炸set up 建立, 创立
15. turn
turn away 走开; 转过脸去turn down 拒绝; 关小, 调低turn up 开大; 出现, 到场turn out 结果是, 证明是;
生产turn over 翻转; 翻阅, 仔细考虑turn against 反对; 背叛turn to 转向; 求助于
16. take
take after 长得像某人take apart 拆开; 拆卸take back 收回, 撤销take down 记下; 拆卸; 取下take away 带走,
拿走, 剥夺take up 从事; 占据(时间、空间);接着做take in 吸收; 接受; 理解, 欺骗take off 起飞; 脱下; 成功,
take on 呈现; 具有; 承担; 雇用take over 接管, 接收take advantage of 利用takeit easy 放松, 别紧张take your
time 慢慢来, 别着急take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action 采取行动
03 2025 高考动词熟词生义
1. address 熟义：地址；演讲 生义：设法解决；处理；对付
The people who put the signs in their yards created a real homeowners association to address climate change in
their communities.（2025 全国一卷）
We must address
the problem of air pollution immediately.我们必须立即处理空气污染问题。
2. strike 熟义：打击；罢工；撞击 生义：给（某人以……）印象；让（某人）觉得
“They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike
them as important.” （2025 全国一卷）
What really struck me was their enthusiasm.真正让我印象深刻的是他们的热情。
3. account 熟义：账单；描述；叙述；报道 生义：account for
解释；说明
“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs.”（2025 全国一卷）
Eventually, you will need to account for your actions/behavior.你终究得对自己的行为做出解释。
4. cut 熟义：切；割；砍 生义：削减；降低
“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional
photos, another asking for a price cut.” （2025 全国一卷）
He had to accept a cut in pay. = He had to accept a pay cut.他不得不接受减薪。
5. spare 熟义：抽出；匀出；备用的 生义：使免遭（麻烦、痛苦等）；免去
“Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have
encountered.” （2025 全国一卷）
She was
spared
from
having to answer any more questions.她不必回答更多的问题。
6. count on 熟义：指望；依靠 生义：期待，指望，预料到（某事发生）
“There was just one thing I hadn’t counted on: ...” （2025 全国一卷）
The kids are counting on going to the movies. Don't disappoint them!孩子们正盼着去看电影。别让他们失望！
7. force the issue 熟义：强迫问题（字面义）生义：强行实施；强迫做决定
“my brother decided to leave rather than force the issue” （2025 全国一卷）
They would never have addressed the problem if that newspaper article hadn't forced the issue.
若非报纸的那篇文章强行敦促，他们绝对不会着手处理这个问题。
8. part 熟义：部分；分开（动词）生义：（尤指因意见不合）分手；告别
He was unhappy over the way we had parted. （2025 全国一卷）
We parted on friendly terms. 我们友好地分手了。
9. place 熟义：v. 放置；安放 n. （某）地方 生义：v.
下（订单）
Thank you. Then I can place the order. （2025 全国二卷）
谢谢。那我现在可以下单了。
The company placed an order (with the manufacturer) for an additional 100 units.
这家公司又（向生产厂家）下了100 套的订单。
10. skirt 熟义：n. 女裙；裙子 生义：v.
绕过……的边缘；沿着……边缘走
Skirting the town square, you’ll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum. （2025 全
国二卷）
绕过市政厅广场，你会发现可爱的商店、餐馆以及黑白屋博物馆。
We skirted around the edge of the city. 我们沿着城边走。
11. line 熟义：n. 线；队列；队伍 生义：v.
沿……排列成行
Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square. （2025 全国二卷）
肉店、蔬果店、面包店和奶酪店环绕着市政厅广场。
Students lined the hall, waiting to register for classes. 学生们在大厅排队，等着注册选课。
12. flood 熟义：n. 洪水；水灾 v. 淹没 生义：v.
大量涌来；大量涌去
But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. （2025 全国二
卷）
但结果却截然相反：她忙得不可开交，仅2020 年6 月就发出了1200 份订单。
Telephone calls came flooding in from all over the country. 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
13. translate 熟义：v. 翻译 生义：v.
（使）改变形式；转化
This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. （2025 全国二卷）
这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。
I hope all the hard work will translate into profits. 我希望所有的辛勤劳动都会有回报。
14. practice 熟义：v. 练习 n. 练习 生义：v.
（医生、律师等）执业，从业
Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain
a plant. （2025 全国二卷）
医生行医，律师执业，而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。
My cousin plans to practice medicine/law/dentistry. 我的表弟打算当医生/律师/牙医。
15. tailor 熟义：n. （定做男装的）裁缝 v. 定做（衣服） 生义：v.
专门制作（或改制）；定做
Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. （2025 全国二卷）
每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。
Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet individual requirements.
为了满足个别人士需要，大多数旅行社都愿意作出专门的旅游安排。
16. reject 熟义：v. 拒绝相信；拒绝接受 生义：v.
（因质量差而）决定不出版，决定不发行
Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with
the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. （2025 全国二卷）
羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被拒收的甘薯和黄瓜头等食材都被重新利用，在几位优秀厨师的帮助下，变成了美
味佳肴。
The produce inspector rejected several crates of berries that had begun to grow mold.
产品质检员把几箱发霉的浆果退了回去。
17. address 熟义：v.写收信人姓名地址；致辞；演讲 n. 住址；寄送地址 生义：v.
处理；关注
Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you
can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. （2025 全国二卷）
尽管如此，它提醒我们，解决可持续性问题的方法有很多，你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。
The governor is addressing himself to the problem of underfunded schools.州长正在着手解决学校资金短缺问
题。
18. maintain 熟义：v. 维护；养护；保养；坚持；断言；主张 生义：v.
维持；保持
Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained
overall health longer than others their age. （2025 全国二卷）
华盛顿大学发现，55 岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好，整体健康状况维持得更久。
He has found it difficult to maintain a healthy weight.他发现要保持健康的体重很困难。
19. work out 熟义：想出，制订出（计划等）；做出（决策等）；（用数学）解决；算出 生义：锻炼
；
健身；做运动
Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before
discovering a passion for weightlifting. （2025 全国二卷）
多诺霍女士决心改变自己的生活，开始锻炼并遵循健康的生活方式，之后又发现了对举重的热爱。
She works out at the gym twice a week. 她每周在健身房锻炼两次。
20. spare 熟义：v. 抽出，拿出（时间、金钱等） adj. 备用的；额外的；空余的 生义：v.
使免遭；使
免受；免除
This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain. （2025 全国二卷）
这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。
He spared them the embarrassment of a public apology. 他使他们免遭公开道歉的尴尬。
01 状态类系动词
状态类系动词是用来表示主语的性质、状态、身份或特征的动词，其后通常接表语，构成 “主语+系动词
+表语”的基本结构。最常见的状态类系动词是be 动词（am, is, are, was, were）。
My parents were teachers before retirement. 我父母退休前是教师。
The room was quiet except for a soft music. 除了轻柔的音乐，房间里很安静。
02 持续类系动词
持续系动词表示主语持续的状态，如remain 保持，stay 保持，keep 保持，lie 位于，stand 矗立等。
He stayed calm even in an emergency. 即使在紧急情况下，他也保持冷静。
He remained silent during the discussion. 讨论中他一直保持沉默。
03 感官类系动词
感官系动词表示人体感官的感受，如look 看起来，seem 看起来,appear 好像，sound 听起来，smell 闻起来，
taste 尝起来，feel 摸起来。
The food tasted better than it looked. 这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。
The music from the piano sounds wonderful to my ears. 钢琴里传出的音乐在我听来很美妙。
04 变化类系动词
变化系动词表示主语状态的变化，如become 变成, get 变得, turn 转变, grow 变得, go 变得等。
He turned pale when he saw the accident. 他看到事故后脸色变得苍白。
The food went bad because of the heat. 食物因天热变坏了。
05 终止类系动词
终止类系动词中prove 和 turn out 侧重 “结果被证实”，表示主语的状态或性质最终被证明为某种情况，
强调 “从表象到明确结果” 的终止性转变。
The new method proved effective in solving the problem. 这种新方法证明能有效解决问题。
The stranger turned out an old friend from my hometown. 这个陌生人原来是我家乡的老朋友。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
1．The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
2．This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it （taste）delicious.
3．It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and （prove）extremely popular with the
public.
4．The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage.
5．So absorbed she in the work that Jane often forgot to take meals.
动词和动词短语综合能力提升
一、单句填空 从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．（2024 天津3 月卷）Exercise is not only good for our bodies, but it can also _________ our mood and help us
deal with anxiety.
A．boost
B．match
C．ruin
D．reflect
2．（2024 天津6 月卷）As a symbol of the glorious history of Chinese civilization, the Forbidden City
_________ the cultural memory of the country.
A．invents
B．preserves
C．acquires
D．declares
3. (2023 天津3 月卷) When Lisa moved to a new city, she had a hard time ________ to her new surroundings.
A．adding
B．adjusting
C．applying
D．attending
4. (2023 天津6 月卷)We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to
help us.
A．mustn’t
B．daren’t
C．needn’t
D．can’t
5. (2022 天津卷) If we continue to________ environmental problems, we will regret it sooner or later.
A. highlight
B. identify
C. ignore
D. prevent
6.（2021 天津卷） Although a few have come and gone, the restaurant's regular customers have________ the
same for nearly 40 years.
A. stayed
B. turned
C. grown
D. got
7. （2021 天津卷）Henry David Thoreau was happy to ________ from social life, seeking a harmonious
relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.
A．judge
B．differ
C．withdraw
D．benefit
8.（2020 江苏卷）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A. clarify
B. justify
C. satisfy
D. classify
9.（2024 天津3 月卷）Caroline doesn't have a natural talent for music but she _________ it with hard work.
A．lives up to
B．makes up for
C．reaches out to
D．looks out for
10.（2024 天津6 月卷）The new model electric car should _________ many safety tests before it is released to
the public.
A．turn out
B．bring about
C．go through
D．set up
11. (2023 天津3 月卷)We are determined that our teacher training programs should ________ current
developments in the field of education.
A．catch sight of
B．make room for
C．take pride in
D．keep pace with
12. (2023 天津3 月卷)________a small amount of money each month is widely recognized as a good habit for
personal finance management.
A．Picking out
B．Putting aside
C．Giving away
D．Getting back
13.（2021 天津卷） I wanted to make dumplings but found I had ________ flour, so I went out to buy some.
A. made up for
B. run out of
C. kept away from D. got down to
14.（2020 天津卷）I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother ______ him.
A．drank a toast to B．played a joke on C．kept an eye on
D．made an apology to
15.（2019 天津卷）Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was
saying.
A. set aside
B. take back
C. make out
D. keep off
二、单句填空 从A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．They are ________ ways to improve education quality.
A．employing
B．departing
C．disrupting
D．seeking
2．What makes a good speaker is his or her ability to an audience’s needs and concerns.
A．exceed
B．exploit
C．anticipate
D．accumulate
3．The Internet users have been warned to any message that ask you to send cash or personal information, no
matter how formal they are.
A．abandon
B．enhance
C．decrease
D．reject
4．The keen competition in online game industry forced the firms with poor performance to _____ from the
market.
A．convert
B．withdraw
C．resign
D．remove
5．Despite the vast knowledge that we have ________, there are still many unsolved natural mysteries out there.
A．accumulated
B．anticipated
C．cooperated
D．purchased
6．Before a beach visit, ________ a sand brush to your beach bag to clean off before getting in the car.
A．replace
B．attach
C．store
D．dry
7．The small coastal town of Qingdao, known for its beautiful beaches and rich maritime culture, ________ some
of the most spectacular coastal scenery in the country.
A．claims
B．displays
C．boasts
D．preserves
8．Following the shock of the Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights were ______ for nearly three years while
the cause of the disaster was investigated.
A．exceeded
B．discouraged
C．suspended
D．protected
9．Today, architects continues to explore ways to _______ the beauty of natural forms.
A．recycle
B．capture
C．power
D．channel
10．Both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were happy to _______ from contemporary life, seeking a harmonious
relationship with nature.
A．withdraw
B．acknowledge
C．evaluate
D．recover
11．Mother tried to________the traffic rules to her young children before they rode their bikes.
A．get across
B．go against
C．stick to
D．set up
12．If you think about other people’s feelings as well as your own, you’ll soon find everything _______.
A．turns out
B．runs out
C．works out
D．brings out
13．Susan won first prize in the end-of-term examination, which _________ her parents’ expectations.
A．made use of
B．lived up to
C．caught up with
D．stood up to
14．The ship sank as a result of knocking into the rocks. Fortunately, the sailors on board were _________ by a
passing boat.
A．made up
B．set up
C．turned up
D．picked up
15．Tim’s parents advised him not to ________ the job offer, as it included super benefits and career growth.
A．take up
B．work out
C．give out
D．pass up
16．Scientists warn that if we don’t protect biodiversity, human activities may over 50% of endangered species
by 2050.
A．wipe out
B．try out
C．point out
D．work out
17．Although some people like to ______ their wealth, income is a very private matter for most Americans.
A．show off
B．bring up
C．settle down
D．set aside
18．We have already bought the house but we won’t _______ it until May.
A．make room for
B．take possession of
C．drink a toast to
D．become a target for
19．In order for a basketball team to win a match, everyone must work hard, and ________.
A．let off steam
B．pull their weight
C．break into smile
D．rise to their feet
20．In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce
grown a long way away, even _____ its transport.
A．taking into account
B．having an effect on
C．falling in love with
D．keeping in touch with
三、动词与语法填空
（25-26 高三下·全国·课后作业）在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s strange, but I don’t really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so quickly. I 1
(sit) in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just 2 (fly) off. All of a sudden, there was
sky where the roof had been. I was so frightened that I just 3 (freeze). Mom cried to get out quickly, but it
was already too late by then. The rain was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in 4
(second). We were going nowhere.
At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, 5 (stay)
inside was too dangerous. There was water everywhere, but we couldn’t drink any of it otherwise we’d get really
sick. We just had drinking water 6 was sent to us by helicopter, but it was never enough. It was August, so
it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! I just spent the days 7 (watch) the boats going up
and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit. 8 (live) in
the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos. But Mom said that 9 happens, we
should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. We had lost our home and
everything in it, including Smartie. All we had left 10 (be) the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on
reminding us, we were all together and safe. Mom’s words made us feel better.
