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专题18非谓语动词“三剑客”——不定式分词动名词决胜(培优讲义)(全国通用)(学生版)_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2026年-英语高考二轮复习_2026版

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题
专
18 
三
“
”
非谓语动词
剑客-- 
分
不定式
词动名词决胜
目录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】非谓语动词时态与语态以及否定式
【考点02】不定式作状语和补语
【考点03】不定式作宾语和定语
【考点04】不定式作主语和表语
【考点05】不定式省略TO 的特殊情况
【考点06】分词作状语和补语
【考点07】分词作表语和定语
【考点08】高分关键--独立主格结构
【考点09】动名词作主语和表语
【考点10】动名词作宾语和定语
【考点11】动名词的复合结构
【考点12】非谓语动词综合应用与易混点终极对决
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】考查不定式作状语和补语
【题型02】考查不定式作作宾语和定语
【题型03】考查不定式作主语和表语
【题型04】考查分词作状语和补语
【题型05】考查分词作表语和定语
【题型06】考查动名词作主语和表语
【题型07】考查动名词作宾语和定语
核心考向聚焦
核心价值: 掌握非谓语动词是提升句子复杂度、增强语言表达逻辑性与准确性的
关键,直接影响写作与阅读理解能力。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:本专题重点考查非谓语动词的时态语态判断、句法功能辨析(状语、定
语、宾语等)及易混结构区分。。
培优瓶颈:学生易混淆不定式、分词与动名词的用法,难以在复杂语境中判断逻辑
主语与语态,独立主格结构应用不熟练。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测: 高考将结合语篇重点考查非谓语动词作状语、定语、宾补的用法,突出时
态语态辨析及独立主格结构的高分应用。
策略:强化“结构识别→逻辑关系判断→语态时态选择”三步法,分类突破固定搭
配,通过真题演练提升语境分析能力。
◇考点 01  非谓语动词时态与语态以及否定式
1. 非谓语动词各种形式及其意义(以do 为例)
非谓语类型
主动形式
被动形式
否定式构成
不定式
to do(一般式)
to be doing(进行式)
to have done(完成式)
to have been doing(完成进行式)
to be done(一般式)
to have been done (完成
式)
not to do
not to have done
not to be done
现在分词
doing(一般式)
having done(完成式)
being done(一般式)
having been done(完成式)
not doing
not having done
not being done
过去分词
无(本身表被动/完成)
无
not done
动名词
doing(一般式)
having done(完成式)
being done(一般式)
having been done(完成式)
not doing
not having done
2. 非谓语动词时态与语态
时态语态应用对比
1. 一般式vs.完成式: 
He seems to know the secret.(不定式一般式:know 与seem 同时发生)
He seems to have known the secret.(不定式完成式:know 发生在seem 之前)
2. 主动vs.被动: 
Seenfrom the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.(过去分词表被动:城市被看)
Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a good view of the city.(现在分词表主动:我们看)
难点突破:时态判断三原则
1. 时间关系原则:非谓语动作与谓语动作的时间关系(同时/之前/之后)决定时态;
2. 逻辑关系原则:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)决定语态;
3. 固定搭配原则:部分动词后接不定式完成式表"本应做而未做"(如hope to have done)。
◇考点 02  不定式作状语和补语
1.不定式作状语——"目的、结果、原因"
精
的
准表达
状语类型
特征标志
典型例句
目的状语
常与in order to/so as to 连用
(so as to 不能位于句首)
We started earlyto catchthe first bus.
In order toimprove English, he joined the club.
结果状语
常与only 连用表"意外结果"
He rushed to the station onlyto findthe train had left.
原因状语
常用于表情感的形容词后
I'm gladto seeyou again.
She was surprisedto hearthe news.
so...as to vs. such...as to
He isso kind as to helpus.(so+形容词+as to)
He issuch a kind person as to helpus.(such+名词+as to)
2.
——
不定式作补语
"主谓宾补"结构的核心要素
不定式作宾补时构成"主语+谓语+宾语+不定式"结构,根据谓语动词的语义特征,可分为三类:
1). 感官动词/使役动词+宾语+不带to 的不定式:see, watch, hear, feel, notice, let, make, have(被动语态需还
原to) 
We saw himenterthe room.(主动语态不带to)
He was seento enterthe room.(被动语态带to)
2). 情感动词+宾语+to 不定式:want, wish, expect, hope, would like, encourage, persuade 
3). 特殊动词+宾语+to be+adj./n.:consider, think, believe, find, feel 
We expect themto arriveat 8:00.(expect 后必须带to)
We consider himto be an expert.(to be 可省略)
补语to 的"有无"判断法
1. 口诀记忆法:
"一感二听三让四看半帮助"(feel, hear/listento, let/make/have, see/watch/notice/observe, help)后接不定式作
宾补时可省略to(help 可带可不带);
2. 被动还原法:被动语态中所有不定式宾补均需还原to;
3. 否定转移法:否定形式在不定式前加not(如ask sb. not to do)。
不定式作宾语体现动词与动作的语义关联,作定语则对名词进行修饰限定,二者在高考中考查频率高且易
与动名词混淆。
◇考点 03  不定式作宾语和定语
1. 
——
不定式作宾语
"动词+不定式"的固定搭配体系
英语中约有50 个常用动词后接不定式作宾语,可分为三类:
1). 纯不定式宾语动词(只能接不定式):want, hope, wish, decide, plan, manage, afford, happen, fail 
She decidedto studyabroad.()
√
She decidedstudyingabroad.(×)
2). 疑问词+不定式结构:how, what, when, where, which+to do 作宾语 
He doesn't knowwhat to do.(不定式前必须有疑问词)
3). 形式宾语it+形容词+不定式:find, think, feel, consider+it+adj.+to do 
We findit important to learnEnglish.(it 为形式宾语,真正宾语是to learn)
高频动词不定式搭配清单
承诺类:promise to do, agree to do, undertake to do
能力类:able to do, manage to do, fail to do
意愿类:want to do, would like to do, refuse to do
计划类:plan to do, intend to do, arrange to do
2. 
——
不定式作定语
"未来动作"的修饰限定
不定式作定语表示"将要发生的动作",与被修饰名词构成"动宾关系"或"主谓关系",高考常考查其逻辑关
系及否定形式。
1). 动宾关系(不定式与名词是逻辑动宾): 
I have a lot of homeworkto do.(do homework,不定式逻辑宾语是homework)
She needs a pento write with.(不及物动词需加介词)
2). 主谓关系(不定式与名词是逻辑主谓): 
He is always the firstto arrive.(he arrives,名词是不定式逻辑主语)
3). 修饰抽象名词(ability, chance, opportunity 等): 
He has the abilityto solvethis problem.(固定搭配)
考点警示:定语不定式的"三注意"
1. 介词不可少:不及物动词作定语时必须加介词(如a room to live in);
2. 主动表被动:当不定式与名词是动宾关系且句子主语是不定式动作执行者时,用主动形式表被动意义
(如I have a letter to write);
3. 时间区别:不定式作定语表未来动作,现在分词表正在进行,过去分词表完成被动(如a meeting to be 
held tomorrow/a meeting being held now/a meeting held yesterday)。
◇考点 04  不定式作主语和表语
不定式作主语表示具体动作或一次性行为,作表语则说明主语的性质或内容,二者在结构上有特定要求,
是高考基础考点。
1. 
——
不定式作主语
"形式主语it"的典型应用
不定式作主语有两种结构:直接作主语和it 作形式主语,后者更为常见且符合英语表达习惯。
1). 直接作主语(常用于句首,强调具体动作): 
To learnEnglish well is important.(主语较长,口语中较少用)
2). it 作形式主语(It+be+adj./n.+to do): 
It is important to learnEnglish well.(it 替代to learn 作形式主语)
It is a pleasure to meetyou.(名词作表语)
It took me three hours to finishthe work.(表"花费"的固定句型)
常用形容词
典型句型
语义特点
important, necessary, difficult, easy, hard
It is adj. to do sth.
表事物性质
kind, good, clever, foolish
It is adj. of sb. to do sth.
表人物品质(adj. 可修饰
人)
possible, impossible, necessary
It is adj. for sb. to do sth.
表客观可能性(adj. 修饰
事)
2. 
——
不定式作表语
"主语内容与性质"的说明
不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、性质或将要发生的动作,常用于以下情况:
1). 主语是抽象名词(aim, duty, hope, job 等): 
Our duty isto protectthe environment.(说明duty 的内容)
2). 主语是what 引导的名词性从句: 
What he wants isto goabroad.(从句作主语,不定式作表语)
3). 主语是不定式(前后照应): 
To seeisto believe.(前后均为不定式,表"眼见为实")
易混点辨析:不定式vs.动名词作主语/表语
1. 时间概念不同:不定式表具体/一次性动作(To swim today is good for you);动名词表习惯/抽象动作
(Swimming is good for you);2. 结构要求不同:不定式作主语常用it 作形式主语,动名词则可直接作主
语;3. 表语一致性:主语是不定式,表语也用不定式;主语是动名词,表语也用动名词。
◇考点 05  不定式省略to 的特殊情况
不定式在特定结构中省略to 是高考"陷阱考点",考查频率高且错误率高,需精准掌握9 种特殊情形。
省略类型
典型结构
例句对比
感官使役动词后
see/hear/make/let+sb.+do
He made mecry.(主动)
I was madeto cry.(被动,还原to)
help 后可省to
help sb. (to) do
She helped me(to) carrythe box.(均可)
情态动词后
can/may/must+do
You muststudyhard.()
√
You mustto studyhard.(×)
why (not) do 结构
Why (not)+do
Why not gowith us?()
√
Why not to gowith us?(×)
并列不定式后项
to do A and (to) do B
He wantsto readand(to) write.(后to 可省)
had better 结构
had better (not) do
You'd betterleavenow.()
√
would rather 结构
would rather do than do
I'd ratherstaythango.(前后均省to)
prefer to do rather 
than do
prefer to do A rather than do B
She prefersto readrather thanwatch TV.(than 后省
to)
固定句型
do nothing but/except do
He did nothing butplayall day.(前有do,后省to)
1. 比较结构中的to 省略: 
She likes singing more thandancing.(前后都是动名词)
She likes to sing more thanto dance.(前后都是不定式,to 不可省)
She likes to sing more thandance.(错误,前后结构不一致)
2. but/except 前有do 的省略规则:
He has no choice butto wait.(前无do,不省to)
He did nothing butwait.(前有do,省to)
记忆口诀与解题技巧
省略to 口诀:"一感二听三让四看半帮助,had better, why not, would rather,but 前有do,to 要省去";
解题三步法:
1. 识别结构类型;
2. 检查是否符合省略条件;
3. 被动语态需还原to。
◇考点 06  分词作状语和补语 
分词(现在分词和过去分词)作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等多种语义关系,作补语则补
充说明宾语状态,是高考"区分度考点"。
1. 分词作状语——"逻辑主语与主被动关系"的核心判断
分词作状语的核心考点是"分词与其逻辑主语的关系",现在分词表主动/进行,过去分词表被动/完成,高考
常结合时态语态综合考查。
状语类型
现在分词例句(主动/进行)
过去分词例句(被动/完成)
时间状语
Walkingalong the street, I met Mary.(=When I was 
walking)
Seenfrom the sky, the city looks beautiful.
(=When the city is seen)
原因状语
Being ill, he didn't go to school.(=Because he was 
ill)
Born in a poor family, he worked hard.
(=Because he was born)
条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed. (=If you work 
hard)
Given more time, we can do it better.(=If we 
are given)
让步状语
Knowing the truth, he still kept silent.(=Though he 
knew)
Tiredas he was, he went on working.
(=Though he was tired)
伴随状语
He sat there,reading a book.(同时进行的动作)
He came in,followed by a dog.(被动伴随)
结果状语
He died,leaving his son alone.(自然而然的结果)
The old house was destroyed,reduced to ruins.
(被动结果)
黄金解题法则:"一分二看三判断"
1) 分类型:确定是现在分词还是过去分词;
2) 看主语:找到分词的逻辑主语(通常是句子主语);
3) 判关系:判断逻辑主语与分词的关系(主动/被动)。
口诀:"主语主动doing,主语被动done"。
2. 分词作补语——"宾语状态与动作过程"的补充说明
分词作补语表示宾语的"状态"或"正在进行的动作",与不定式作补语的"全过程"形成对比,是高考易混点。
1). 感官动词+宾语+分词(表状态/进行): 

I saw himplaying basketball.(看见正在做,现在分词)

I found the doorclosed.(发现处于关闭状态,过去分词)
2). 使役动词+宾语+分词(表"使宾语处于某种状态"): 

He kept mewaitingfor an hour.(现在分词,表主动进行)

We had the housepainted.(过去分词,表被动完成)
3). with 复合结构中的分词补语: 

With the lightsburning, he worked all night.(现在分词,主动)

With his homeworkfinished, he went to bed.(过去分词,被动)
◇考点 07  分词作表语和定语 
分词作表语表示主语的性质或状态,作定语则修饰名词,二者均需区分现在分词与过去分词的语义差异,
是高考"高频易错点"。
1.分词作表语——"ing 令人-ed 感到"
分
的语义区
现在分词作表语表示主语"令人感到…",过去分词表示主语"自身感到…",语义差异明显,高考常结合情
感形容词考查。
分词类型
语义特征
主语类型
典型例句
现在分词(ing)
令人
的(主动特
…
征)
通常是物
The movie isexciting.(电影令人兴奋)
过去分词(ed)
感到
的(被动感
…
受)
通常是人
We areexcitedabout the movie. (我们感到兴
奋)
易混分词表语对比
interesting(令人感兴趣的)vs. interested(感兴趣的)
The book isinteresting.(书令人感兴趣)
I aminterestedin the book.(我对书感兴趣)
disappointing(令人失望的)vs. disappointed(失望的) 
The result was disappointing.(结果令人失望)
We were disappointed with the result.(我们感到失望)
surprising(令人惊讶的)vs. surprised(惊讶的) 
His words were surprising.(话令人惊讶)
She looked surprised at the news.(她感到惊讶)
3.分词作定语——"主动/被动、进行/完成"的修饰限定
分词作定语时,现在分词表示"主动进行",过去分词表示"被动完成",与不定式作定语的"未来动作"形成
时间对比,高考常考查三者区别。
1. 现在分词作定语(主动/进行):
abarkingdog(正在叫的狗,主动进行)
falling leaves(正在落下的叶子,主动进行)
2. 过去分词作定语(被动/完成): 
abrokenwindow(被打破的窗户,被动完成)
developed countries(发达国家,完成意义)
3. 分词短语作定语(后置): 
a girlwearing a red dress(穿红裙子的女孩,主动)
the bookwritten by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书,被动) 
解题技巧:定语三选一(不定式/现在分词/过去分词)
时间轴判断法:
1. 未来动作→不定式(a meeting to be held tomorrow);
2. 正在进行→现在分词(a meeting being held now);
3. 被动完成→过去分词(a meeting held yesterday)。
逻辑关系法:主动关系→现在分词;被动关系→过去分词。
◇考点 08  高分关键--独立主格结构
1. 独立主格结构的基本形式
独立主格结构是"分词作状语"的延伸,当分词逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时使用,是高考"高分考点",能
显著提升书面表达档次。
独立主格结构的基本形式:"逻辑主语+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语",在句中作状语,表示时间、
原因、条件、伴随等,高考重点考查"名词+分词"结构。
结构类型
构成方式
典型例句
名词+现在分词
逻辑主语+doing
(主动/进行)
Weather permitting, we will go picnic.(天气允许的话)
名词+过去分词
逻辑主语+done
(被动/完成)
The work finished, we went home.(工作完成后)
名词+不定式
逻辑主语+to do
(未来动作)
He suggested a trip to Beijing,his wife to join him.(他妻子将加入)
with 复合结构
with+宾语+宾补
(分词/ 形容词
等)
Withthe problem solved, we felt relieved.(问题解决后)
核心考点:独立主格与分词作状语的区别
关键区别:分词作状语时,分词逻辑主语必须是句子主语;独立主格结构则有自己的逻辑主语,与句子主
语不同。
例句对比:
1.Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.(分词作状语,standing 的逻辑主语是we)
2.The tower standing there, we could see the whole city.(独立主格,standing 的逻辑主语是the tower)
独立主格结构"四注意"
1. 逻辑主语与句子主语不同,必须独立存在
2. 结构中不能用谓语动词,只能用非谓语动词或其他词类
3. with 复合结构是独立主格的特殊形式,高考考查频率最高
4. 书面表达中使用独立主格可提升语法复杂度和表达档次
◇考点 09  动名词作主语和表语
1.动名词作主语——"习惯性动作"的典型表达
动名词作主语有两种结构:直接作主语和it 作形式主语,前者更强调动作本身,后者常用于特定句型。
1). 直接作主语(表习惯性/抽象动作): 
Swimmingis good for health.(游泳有益健康,表抽象概念)
Reading aloudhelps improve pronunciation.(大声朗读有助于提高发音,表习惯性动作)
2). it 作形式主语(用于特定句型): 
It is no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收,固定句型It is no use/good doing)
It is worth tryingagain.(值得再试一次,It is worth doing 句型)
2. 动名词作表语——"主语内容"
解
的
释说明
动名词作表语时,说明主语的具体内容或性质,主语通常是表示动作的名词(如hobby, job, task 等)或
what 引导的名词性从句。
1). 说明主语内容(主语为抽象名词): 
His hobby iscollecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮,说明hobby 的内容)
Her job isteaching English.(她的工作是教英语,说明job 的内容)
2). 主语为what 引导的从句: 
What he likes best isplaying basketball.(他最喜欢的是打篮球)
What matters most isstudying hard.(最重要的是努力学习)
易混点辨析:动名词vs.不定式作主语/表语
1. 语义区别:动名词表习惯性/抽象动作(Swimming is my hobby);不定式表具体/一次性动作(To swim 
tomorrow is my plan);
2. 结构对称:主语为动名词,表语也用动名词;主语为不定式,表语也用不定式(Seeing is believing);
3. 常用句型:It is no use/good/worth 后只能接动名词,不能接不定式。
考点
◇
 10  动名词作宾语和定语 
1. 动名词作宾语——"动词+doing"的固定搭配体系
英语中约有80 个常用动词/动词短语后接动名词作宾语,高考重点考查"纯动名词宾语动词"和"to doing 结
构"。
类别
核心动词/短语
典型例句
纯动名词宾语
动词
enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, miss, 
keep
She enjoyssingingin the shower.(她喜欢
在淋浴时唱歌)
动词短语
give up, put off, look forward to, be used to, insist 
on, feel like
We are looking forward tomeetingyou.
(我们期待见到你)
介词后接动名
词
be good at, be interested in, think about, instead of, 
before
He is good atplaying football.(他擅长踢
足球)
2. 动名词作定语——"用途与功能"的修饰限定
动名词作定语时,通常位于名词前,说明该名词的用途或功能,与现在分词作定语的"主动进行"语义不同。
1). 说明用途("用于做某事的..."): 
aswimmingpool(游泳池,用于游泳的池子,动名词作定语)
areadingroom(阅览室,用于阅读的房间,动名词作定语)
2). 与现在分词作定语的区别: 
arunningman(正在跑的人,现在分词表主动进行)
arunningtrack(跑道,动名词表用途,用于跑步的跑道)
考点警示:"to doing"结构的识别
部分以to 结尾的短语中,to 是介词而非不定式符号,后接动名词,高考高频考查以下6 个短语:
 look forward to(期待), be used to(习惯于), pay attention to(注意), devote...to(致力于), get used 
to(习惯于), object to(反对)
例句:She is used togetting upearly.(她习惯早起,to 是介词,接动名词)
◇考点 11  动名词的复合结构 
动名词的复合结构有两种形式:
1). 正式形式:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词(作主语或宾语) 
Tom's cominglate made the teacher angry.(汤姆迟到使老师生气,名词所有格作逻辑主语)
I appreciateyour helpingme.(感谢你帮助我,形容词性物主代词作逻辑主语)
2). 非正式形式:名词普通格/人称代词宾格+动名词(仅作宾语) 
I don't mindhim/his smokinghere.(我不介意他在这里抽烟,宾格/所有格均可)
We are looking forward toMary/Mary's visitingus.(期待玛丽来看我们)
名词所有格+doing
主语、宾语
Mike's winningthe game surprised us.(主语)
I heard ofMike's winningthe game.(宾语)
形容词性物主代词
+doing
主语、宾语
His being lateis unusual.(主语)
She dislikesmy being late.(宾语)
名词普通格/宾格+doing
仅作宾语
I rememberhim/Mike coming.(宾语)
解题技巧:逻辑主语的判断方法
1. 作主语时:必须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词(Tom'sarriving late is a problem);
2. 作宾语时:名词普通格/人称代词宾格更口语化,所有格形式更正式;
3. 无生命名词:用普通格(The book'sselling well surprised us →The bookselling well surprised us)。
动名词考点总结
1. 动名词作主语表抽象/习惯性动作,不定式表具体/一次性动作
2. 熟记"动词+动名词"固定搭配,尤其是"to doing"结构
3. 动名词作定语表用途,现在分词作定语表主动进行
4. 复合结构中,逻辑主语用名词所有格/形容词性物主代词(正式)或普通格/宾格(非正式)
5. 书面表达中使用动名词复合结构可提升语法复杂度
动名词复合结构与独立主格结构形式相似但语法功能不同,是高考"深度易混点",需从构成、功能和逻辑
关系三方面区分。
动名词复
合结构
逻辑主语(所有格/物
主代词)+动名词
作主语、宾语、
表语(名词性成
分)
逻辑主语与动
名词是主谓关
系
His coming lateannoyed me.(作主
语,名词性成分)
独立主格
结构
逻辑主语(名词/代
词)+分词/形容词/副
词/介词短语
作状语(修饰整
个句子)
逻辑主语与分
词是主谓/动
宾关系
He coming late, the meeting was 
delayed.(作状语,修饰整个句
子)
◇考点 12  非谓语动词综合应用与易混点终极对决 
1. 掌握12 组核心动词的语义区别
英语中约有20 个动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时语义差异显著,是高考"陷阱考点",错误率高达45%,
需精准掌握12 组核心动词的语义区别。
动词
接不定式(to do)语义
接动名词(doing)语义
remember
记得要做某事(未做)
I mustremember to callhim.(记得要
打电话,还没打)
记得做过某事(已做)
Iremember callinghim yesterday.(记得打过电话,已
做)
forget
忘记要做某事(未做)
Iforgot to lockthe door.(忘记锁门,
未锁)
忘记做过某事(已做)
Iforgot lockingthe door.(忘记锁过门,已锁)
regret
后悔要做某事(未做)
Iregret to tellyou the bad news.(遗憾
地告诉你,未说)
后悔做过某事(已做)
Iregret tellinghim the secret.(后悔告诉了,已说)
try
努力做某事(尽力)
Itried to solvethe problem. (努力解
题,尽力)
尝试做某事(试试看)
Itried solvingthe problem in another way.(尝试另一种
方法,试试看)
mean
打算做某事(意图)
Imean to helpyou. (打算帮你,意
图)
意味着做某事(意义)
Learning Englishmeans workinghard.(学英语意味着努
力,意义)
stop
停下来去做另一件事
Hestopped to talkto me.(停下(正在
做的事)来和我说话)
停止正在做的事
Hestopped talkingwhen I came in. (停止说话,不再
说)
时间轴记忆法:
不定式(to do)表示"未来动作"(未做),动名词(doing)表示"过去动作"(已做);
口诀法:"记得要做未做,记得做过已做;忘记要做未做,忘记做过已做";
语境分析法:根据上下文判断动作是否已发生,如出现yesterday, last week 等过去时间状语,通常用
doing。
2. 
分
感官动词后接不定式和
词作宾补
感官动词后接不定式和分词作宾补时语义差异显著,不定式表"全过程/经常性动作",分词表"正在进行/状
态",是高考"高频易错点"。
宾补类型
语义特征
典型例句
高考考查角度
不带to 的不定式(do)
全过程/经常性动作
强调动作的完整性
I saw himenterthe room.(看见他
进屋的全过程:从门口到屋内)
动作是否完成
现在分词(doing)
正在进行的动作
强调动作的进行性
I saw himenteringthe room.(看见
他正在进屋:动作正在发生)
动作是否正在进行
过去分词(done)
被动/完成状态
强调宾语的状态
I found the windowbroken.(发现
窗户是破的:状态)
宾语与动作的关系
语义对比与语境分析
1. see sb. do vs. see sb. doing: 
I saw her crossthe street.(我看见她过马路了。→完整过程,已完成)
I saw her crossingthe street.(我看见她正在过马路。→动作正在进行,可能只看到一部分)
2. hear sb. sing vs. hear sb. singing: 
I heard her singthe song.(我听她唱了这首歌。→完整听完)
I heard her singingthe song.(我听见她正在唱这首歌。→可能只听到片段)
3. find sb. do vs. find sb. doing vs. find sb. done: 
I found him workhard every day.(我发现他每天努力工作。→经常性动作)
I found him workinghard.(我发现他正在努力工作。→正在进行)
I found him exhausted.(我发现他筋疲力尽。→状态)
解题"三看"技巧
1. 看时间状语:出现every day, often 等频率副词,通常用do(经常性动作);
2. 看语境提示:出现at 8 o'clock yesterday, when I passed by 等时间点提示,通常用doing(正在进行);
3. 看动作完整性:瞬间动词(如enter, open)通常用do 表"已发生",延续性动词(如read, work)用doing
表"正在进行"。
◇题型 01  考查不定式作状语和补语
典|例|精|析
典例1(2024 年新课标
卷)
Ⅱ
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility, said 
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find) the 
connection between the two great writers.
典例2(2023 年全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or 
to pass on wisdom.
变|式|巩|固
变式1(2025-2026·浙江省金华十校高三上学期11 月考试英语试题)
Sell products at a loss and call it a strategy? That is the concept of a loss leader: a certain product that is sold 
below its cost ______ (attract) customers to the store, where they are likely to buy other profitable products.
变式2(2025-2026·湖北省鄂东南教育联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题)The extreme temperatures have 
led to lower harvests and restricted Europe’s ability ______ (create) its own energy supply.
变式3[原创题]The government has launched a series of campaigns ______ (raise) public awareness about 
environmental protection, and many citizens have responded positively by reducing plastic use and saving water.
变式4[原创题]The volunteers traveled thousands of miles ________(bring) medical supplies to the remote 
mountain areas.
◇题型 02  考查不定式作作宾语和定语
典|例|精|析
典例1 (2025 年全国一卷)"The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and 
contemporary art," says Tu. "We hope ____58____ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, 
and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism."
典例2 (2025 年1 月浙江卷)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women ____60____ (rent) rather than 
purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing.
典例3 (2024 年全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in 
particular, tend____41____(catch)our attention because of their large size and variety.
变|式|巩|固
变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11 月期中调研测试英语试题)These years, China has 
stepped up efforts ______ (punish) cybercrimes, showing its sense of responsibility as a major country.
变式2(2025-2026·河北省邯郸市等3 地高三上学期11 月期中英语试题)Throughout Expo Osaka 2025, 
the China Pavilion has also hosted a wide range of cultural activities ______ (strengthen) the understanding 
between China and the world.
变式3(2025-2026·福建省厦门外国语学校高三上学期十月月考英语试题)
Nanyin Research Society, a publicly funded organisation, recently took up an award for reviving ancient Nanyin 
music, the first ever ______ (approach) the problem of preserving its tone with modern recording techniques.
变式4[原创题]Many young people choose ______ (pursue) further education abroad to broaden their 
horizons and gain international experience.
◇题型 03  考查不定式作主语和表语
典|例|精|析
典例1(2021 年全国甲卷)It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
典例2(2019 年天津卷)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the 
future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
变|式|巩|固
变式1[原创题]It is of great significance for students ______ (develop) critical thinking skills, as it 
helps them analyze problems independently in future study and work.
变式2[原创题]The ultimate goal of the research project is ______ (explore) new energy sources that 
are environmentally friendly and sustainable.
变式3[原创题]When and where ______ (hold) the next international conference on climate change 
has not been decided yet by the organizing committee.
变式4[原创题]______ (protect) endangered species is not only a responsibility of governments but also a duty 
of every citizen.
◇题型 04  考查分词作状语和补语
典|例|精|析
典例1(2025 年北京卷) When ____17____ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.
典例2(2025 年北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, 
worried that he might have someone ____12____ (scare).
典例3(2024 年新课标
卷)
Ⅱ
__44___ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard 
III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony 
Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being 
performed."
变|式|巩|固
变式1(2025-2026·浙江省金华十校高三上学期11 月考试英语试题) Instead, they put the ice cream on 
top of the menu, ______ (follow) by about 35 items that make money.
变式2(2025-2026·湖北省鄂东南教育联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题)From the depths of the big 
Danube River, the huge wrecks of over a dozen German World War II ships have risen once again, ______ (expose) 
by a drought that has starved Europe’s rivers and led to some of the lowest water levels of the past century.
变式3(2025-2026·福建省厦门外国语学校高三上学期十月月考英语试题)Their wooden carvings and 
folk songs keep people ______ (remind) of a shared heritage through time and change.
变式4[ 原创题]______ (walk) along the street, she noticed a small shop selling handmade crafts, which 
immediately caught her attention.
◇题型 05  考查分词作表语和定语
典|例|精|析
典例1(2025 年全国二卷)
If you've never experienced the "sunshine scent" from a sheet or shirt ____45____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, 
you're missing out on one of life's wonders.
典例2(2023 年新高考
卷)
Ⅰ
Shanghai may be the ____39____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point 
you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao's birthplace.
典例3(2022 年北京卷)Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly 
____14____(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
变|式|巩|固
变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11 月期中调研测试英语试题)Cybercrime, often ______ 
(refer) to as the dark side of the Internet, can come in many different forms. Cybercriminals trick you into parting 
with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or preventing you from 
accessing your own data.
变式2So he remained         (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned. 
变式3Earth Day, marked on 22, April, is annual event          (aim) to raise public awareness about 
environmental protection.
变式4[原创题]The ______ (break) window was repaired by the maintenance worker this morning, ensuring 
the classroom is safe for students.
◇题型 06  考查动名词作主语和表语
典|例|精|析
典例1(2019 年天津卷)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the 
future.
A. Learn B. Learned C. Learning D. Having learned
典例2(2018 年北京卷)_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
典例3(2017 年北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ___________ from butterflies to 
elephants.
A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
变|式|巩|固
变式1(2025-2026·山东省德州市校级联考高三上学期10 月月考英语试题)______ (refer) to as elves 
set them apart from their popular predecessors (Hello Kitty and other plush characters).
变式2(2025-2026·江苏省部分高中高三上10 月阶段性检测英语试题) “I cherished this opportunity 
and was committed to ______ (hit) the target no matter how difficult,” said Wang.
变式3(2025-2026·四川省大数据智学领航联盟高三上学期一模考试英语试题) “Every day when I 
go out, I carry an iPad and a digital pencil with me,” says Chang, a senior calligrapher and professor, when 
introducing his new toolkit for ______ (practice) Chinese calligraphy.
变式4[原创题]______ (learn) a foreign language requires patience and consistent practice, which is essential 
for mastering it well.
◇题型 07  考查动名词作宾语和定语
典|例|精|析
典例1(2025 年1 月浙江卷)"I really want to make this work for people's lives today, and I know that doesn't 
always mean _____65_____ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend," she says.
Page 2] 
典例2(2023 年全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I 
discovered.
典例3(2021 年全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ___7___ (visit) the place.
变|式|巩|固
变式1(2025-2026·江苏省无锡市高三上学期11 月期中调研测试英语试题)Cybercriminals trick you 
into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your personal data, or ______ (prevent) 
you from accessing your own data.
变式2(2025-2026·黑龙江省实验中学高三上学期10 月考英语试卷)Early Chinese cuisine in America was 
simplified to suit American tastes, which meant that dishes were heavily adapted, with ingredients and cooking 
techniques ______ (adjust) to accommodate local tastes.
变式3(2025-2026·四川省元三维大联考高三上学期第一次诊断考试英语试题)
“
”
Over the 12 years in 
Beijing, I witnessed firsthand the rise of phenomena like ______ (share) bikes, ride-hailing apps, and coffee 
culture.
变式4[原创题]She suggested ______ (hold) a meeting to discuss the problem thoroughly, which was agreed 
upon by all members.