05 非谓语动词考查要点及应对策略
【考点精析】
考点1 非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形式和-ed形式),
即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与谓语
动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表
语态形式
类别 时态形式
主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
动词不定式
进行式 to be doing —
完成式 to have done to have been done
一般式 doing being done
动词-ing
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done —
1.主、被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,
用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。
I got a letter saying that I was admitted to a key university.
The bridge to be built will be the longest one on this river.
2.时间先后关系
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态:
(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;
(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。
Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with joy.
I seem to have involved myself in something I don’t understand.
考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未
做的动作。
Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good+doing
sth.; It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s
a waste of time doing sth.;It is/was+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.等。
It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work.
It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语时意为“令
人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式作表语时意为“感到……的”。
The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Chinese culture and traditions.
At first she was terrified, then she pulled herself together.
The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep, keep on, avoid,
escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to等。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose,
wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。
3.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start,
begin, try等。如:
{¿ do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)¿forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已¿发生)¿
{¿ do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)¿remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)¿
{¿ do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(常 跟s,¿atyell,inform等)¿regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔¿
{¿ do sth. 努力做某事¿try doing sth. 尝试做某事¿
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾语补
足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正
在进行,done表被动或完成。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by.
I didn’t notice him get on the same bus.
2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。The teacher had us make up conversations during classes.
The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didn’t know.
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。
The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.
4.with/without复合结构常用形式:
{sb./sth.doing(表主动且进行,或表特征)
with sth.done(表被动且完成,或表状态) do(表示将来)¿
¿
With all the work finished, they went out to play.
With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy.
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
考点5 非谓语动词作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关
系。
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.(主谓关系)
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.(动宾关系)
注意：动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较:
Do you have anything to buy?(动作的执行者是“你”)
Do you have anything to be bought?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓
关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。
The best place to catch fish on a canal is close to the lock.
(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词
有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。
We should develop the students’ ability to solve problems.
注意：在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果
被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
Would you please give me some paper to write on?
The shopping mall is a good place to go.
2.动词-ing形式作定语
当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。
The child standing over there is my brother.注意：当被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动语态作定语,
表示该动作的被动和进行。
The house being built over there will be our new library.
3.动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The book written by him is very popular.
注意：作定语的非谓语动词的分词形式为doing和done。doing表示正在进行; done表示已经完成。
boiling water正在沸腾的水
boiled water开水
考点6 非谓语动词作状语
1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。
(1)作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to,但so as to不用于句首。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens start to use smart phones.
In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.
(2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enough to, so/such...as to, too...to..., only to等。
You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself.
He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
(3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。
He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.
注意：动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词(easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等)后
面作状语,构成“主语+be动词+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
The materials are soft and comfortable to wear.
2.动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families.
注意：动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自然而然
的结果。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
3.动词-ed形式作状语
(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),
dressed in(穿着……的), tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts.
He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.
注意：有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常
用的有considering... (鉴于,考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/from...(从……来看,依据……来
判断);supposing that... (假定……); providing that... (假定……);given that...(鉴于,由于……)。
4.独立主格结构
(1)独立主格结构的特点:
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑
上的主谓或动宾关系;
③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成:
名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him
along).
She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast.
特别提示：
语法填空题考法
1.三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且表示正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表示完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
(3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等,
要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(for/of sb.+) to do sth.; It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth.; find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+to
do sth.。
3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓
语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等;(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式。
【真题演练】
1.(2022·北京高考)Fearful that he might have an intention ____________(harm) her, Helen started to run.
2.(2022· 北 京 高 考 )Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly
____________(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
3.(2022·北京高考)Helen was walking down the street late in the evening, her arms ____________(fill) with
grocery bags.
4.(2021·全国甲卷)____________(see) the world is a must for children.
5.(2021·全国乙卷)So ____________ (be) interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
6.(2022· 浙 江 高 考 ) That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
____________(continue) the practice.
7.(2022·全国乙卷)Young children across the globe enjoy ____________(play) games of hide and seek.
8.(2022·全国甲卷) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself ____________(greet) by a group of
little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.
9.(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________(hold) in
Beijing. Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
10.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry
ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ____________(fall)
child.
11.(2022·浙江高考)I had never seen so many people ____________(want) food.
12.(2022·全国乙卷)____________(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, ____________(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around
the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
13.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ____________(see) them.
14.(2022·全国甲卷) He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____________ (plan) to hike
back to Xi’an in five months.
15.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ____________
(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
16.(2022·北京高考)Crystal set out ____________(change) that, and helped to create a global movement.17.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ____________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
18.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ____________(visit) the place.
【考点精练】
一、完成句子
1. 电子邮件让人们觉得互相保持联系很方便。
E-mail makes people feel it convenient to .
2. 政府无法拿出更多的钱来改善医疗卫生事业。
The government the National Health Service.
3. I (相信) his innocence. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
4. “通过改变自己来改变世界。”这激起了我的动力。
“Change the world by changing yourself.” This .
5. 虽然他学了几年英语，但他与当地人交流仍然有困难。
Although he had learnt English for several years, he still with the native people.
6. 毫无疑问在如今这个充满竞争的社会，保持幽默有助于减少压力并促进创造性思维(contribute)。
There is no doubt that in this competitive society, .
7. 联合国成立于1945年，其主要使命是维护国际和平与安全。（非限制性定语从句；动词不定式作表
语）
The United Nations, , was founded in 1945.
8. 我愿意为有意义的书花钱。
I’d like to meaningful books.
9. 健康饮食的基本要诀是细嚼慢咽。这个不仅能让你的身体更好地消化食物，还能防止被食物噎住。
healthy eating is to eat slowly. This can not only allow your body to
digest your food better, but prevent you from the food.
10. The Grand Canyon never fails to tourists its unique scenery.
大峡谷永远让人对它的独特美景印象深刻。
11. If someone makes a bad mistake which harms their own interests, they are said to
.
如果有人犯下了无意中损害自身利益的严重错误，人们就会说，这样的人是在进乌龙球。
12. by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
他被这段音乐打动了，他说：“那种（兴奋的）感觉就如同第一次看见色彩一样。”
13. 我认为享利不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
I don’t think Henry is .
14. 刘洋是第一位在太空逗留过的中国女性。Liu Yang is the first Chinese female stayed in space.
15. 作为一个医生，钟南山必须了解药品的最新发展动态。
As a doctor, Zhong Nanshan has to the latest developments in medicine .
16. 山顶的美景令他惊叹，他知道，作为唯一坚持要登顶的人，自己是对的。
With the beautiful scenery of the peak , he knew he was right as the only person
that had climbing to the top.
17. 由缺乏交流而引起的家庭问题越来越多。
There are more and more problems the lack of communication.
18. 李华申请了去美国的护照。
Li Hua has a passport to the USA.
19. People that the problem will never affect them, but time would tell.
人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们，但时间会证明一切。
20. Why don’t you also take my advice and think carefully before .
为什么你不在不加思索匆匆投入之前也采纳我的建议，认真思考。
21. 总有一天我们会长大，离开父母，独自面对生活的挑战。
We'll finally grow up someday, .
22. 他们住在一所四周被树木所环绕的房子里，树木大部分是松树。(过去分词作定语)
They lived in , and most of the trees were pine trees.
23. 一支救援队伍正在搜寻被困在山里的五名游客。
five tourists in the mountain.
24. 医生说，愤怒会是极具破坏性的，除非你学会如何处理它。
Doctors say anger can be extremely damaging, unless you learn it.
25. We teenagers should something useful to the society.
我们青年人应该以为社会做贡献为目标。
26. 打好包裹，他放在桌上就入睡了。
his bag , he placed it on the desk and went to sleep.
27. The army organized teams to dig out those_________________ and to bury the dead.(trap)
部队人员组织小分队，将被困的那些人挖出来，并将死者掩埋。
28. 这篇文章值得一读。
This article is .= this article.
29. I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, .
我越来越烦恼，当然了，越烦恼就越难集中精力。(the+比较级，the+比较级)
30. 作为一个好班长，她有能力很好地组织团体活动。As a good monitor, she has the ability to .
31. They tried to the memory from their minds.
他们试图驱走心中的记忆。
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
32. We play hide-and-seek when we were children. (used to) (用适当的形式填空)
33. The driver failed （see）the other car in time.
34. All the students (belong) to the school shall obey the rules.
35. (work) all day, they are very tired.
36. —What made Rodger so upset?
— (lose) three tickets for the football match. (所给词的适当形式填空）
37. Many technological problems concerning some important military products remain (solve).
38. (play) in the mud all morning, the little boy was dirty and wet all over when he got home at noon.
39. He is able to use his hands to touch his toes without (bend) the knees.
40. (compare) to big companies, the smaller ones are faced with more challenges.
41. (arm) with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people.
42. He intends (study) abroad.
43. I am the office manager for a family business (compose) of three partners a father and two sons.
44. I find it interesting (remember) these varied words related with life. (所给词的适当形式填空）
45. Which driver was (blame) for the accident?
46. I will represent our school （take）part in the contest.
47. (walk) on the moon is twice more difficult than doing it on the earth.
48. There are so many types of smart phones on sale that I can’t decide which (buy).
49. Five minutes later, we were stopped by a traffic policeman who demanded (see)my driving license.
50. The villagers had many trees (plant) last year.
51. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by
(cast)tomato at the crowd.
52. After the man finished (read) the letter, he looked at his friend.
53. The milkman crashed into the stone, (spill) the milk everywhere.
54. By 2025 the number of the world's population (live) in countries of significant water shortage will
almost double, to 6 billion people.
55. The Great Wall is beautiful and I’m looking forward to_________(visit)it.
56. In this chapter, I will attempt (explain) what led up to cultural difference.
57. He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets.The king entered, 58 (surround) by the Cheshire archers.
59. They placed the child in an oxygen tent when he had difficulty in (breathe).
60. Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank (depend) on.
三、单项选择
61. ________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears to be more mature than those of
her age.
A. Having spent B. Spending C. to spend D. Spend
62. —Did you get your pay?
—Yes, I remember __________. But I forget the exact amount.
A. paying B. to be paid C. being paid D. having paid
63. Having suffered from heart attack for years, Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009, ________ the fall of the
king of pop.
A. to announce B. announced C. announcing D. being announced
64. An overwhelming majority of people ______ 91 percent-hold the opposite point of view that peace can only
be achieved through dialogue.
A. surveyed B. surveying C. survey D. to survey
65. _____ by curiosity, many experts believe, will have a positive effect on adolescents’ creativity.
A. Driven B. Driving C. Having driven D. Being driven
66. Cao Cao’s tomb is reported ______ in China, which attracts nationwide attention.
A. being found B. to be found
C. having been found D. to have been found
67. Sarah hoped ____ back and study in our school again, so she called her class teacher
A. to go B. went C. gone D. going
68. What do you feel when _______ to yourself after your mobile phone battery runs out in the middle of a call?
A. leaving talking B. left talking
C. being leaving talking D. being left talking
69. _____ themselves, the employees in the computer company usually have a coffee or tea during their break
time.
A. To be refreshed B. Being refreshed
C. Refreshing D. To refresh
70. _________ the energy problem, more than 100 experts from different countries got together and had a heated
discussion.
A. Tackling B. Tackled C. To tackle D. Having tackled71. _____ as a salesgirl in a department store for 3 years, I decided to set up my own business.
A. Worked B. Working
C. Having worked D. To work
72. The young man, ________ in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.
A. catching B. caught
C. having caught D. to be caught
73. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
74. Rather than ________ on holiday to the seaside. I prefer________ days and go to school nights.
A. to go; to work B. go; work C. go; to work D. to go; work
75. To pass the driving test, Alice had a busy month __________ driving the car.
A. to practise B. practising C. practised D. practice
76. He usually appears to be honest. Who can fancy such a thing?
A. his do B. his doing
C. his to do D. doing
77. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
78. It’s dangerous to have the fire _______ at home all night long.
A. to burn B. burn
C. burned D. burning
79. ________ quite a few productions of Hamlet, I was full of confidence-until the Peking Opera came to town.
A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Having seen
80. Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
81. ________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. Enjoying B. Enjoyed C. To enjoy D. Having enjoyed
82. China will launch some cooperation projects with other developing countries for climate change.
A. intend B. intended C. intending D. having intended
83. The old man came ______ to the railway station, only ______ the train was slowly pulling out of the station.
A. and ran; found B. running; finding C. running; to find D. to run; finding
84. The money collected should be made good use ________ the people in Taiwan who suffered a lot in the
earthquake.
A. of helping B. to help C. to helping D. of to help85. The Shanghai Expo has attracted more than 73 million tourists, ________ it the most successful in history.
A. making B. makes C. made D to make
86. The government has taken measures air quality.
A. to improve B. improved
C. being improved D. to be improved
87. They found the lecture hard ______； they all felt sleepy.
A. to be understood B. for understanding
C. to understand D. to have been understood
88. ________ on the endless green grass are sheep, cattle and horses.
A. Being wanderedB. Being wandering C. Wandering D. Wandered
89. You may have noticed how busy tree squirrels are in fall, ________ for every last seed and nut that can be
found and stocking their tree homes with enough food ________ them through winter.
A. to search; to be gotten B. searching; to get
C. having searched; gotten D. search; getting
90. The shepherd would rather ______ the wool than the sheep.
A. to lose B. lost C. losing D. lose
91. The man admitted _____ the old computer.
A. to steal B. to stealing C. being stolen D. having stolen
92. For his dream ______ at an earlier date, he must accelerate the pace of reform in his company.
A. being realized B. to realize
C. realizing D. to be realized
93. The dishes_____ so delicious are cooked by my father who is a good cook.
A. tasting B. tasted C. to tasted D. to be tasted
94. in a poor family, he became one of the greatest writers in the world.
A. As born B. That is
C. Who is D. Although born
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Advice is a word that is welcomed warmly by a lot of people. It helps in 95 (achieve) goals in a
better way. As we know, 96 (experience) people offer their advice with a positive attitude without
making a 97 (judge). You can learn how they give advice.
Give advice to people who welcome it. In fact, your focus should be helping others and making 98
aware that the advice can be useful if taken in the right spirit. When advice 99 (give), it should be short.It is also essential that while giving advice, one should be fair. As giving advice is 100 art, you should
always state the positive side first so that the person is 101 (relax) and would in turn welcome your
advice.
Give advice on certain matters. 102 a friend of yours wants to buy a car and requests your advice
on the matter, your aim should be to give him details about things to be purchased, but you need not go for some
particular brands or items. 103 (similar), advice on some other important issues, like staying in the
relationship or future planning, needs to be given 104 (cautious).
