18完形填空应对策略(微观技巧)(解析版)_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_2024高考英语一轮复习小题大题微技能精析精练(新高考版)_资料

18 完形填空应对策略(微观技巧)
【策略精析】
微观策略1：利用词汇线索解题
词汇线索主要是词语复现和词语同现。许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、同源词
复现、上下义复现、词语同现及反义复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起
因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的词汇复现来选择正确的答案。
1.原词复现
【典例分析1】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
One day they’ll 47.wake__up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a
__48__.
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong 51.fear
that the lie we’re telling...
48. A.dream B. lie
C. fantasy D. fact
【分析】 本题可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie...”并结合
语境可知，本句意为：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的
一切，是一个谎言。故选B项。
【典例分析2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair
in the same __54__ as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture，”Nicolo’s son told his father.
54. A.room B. kitchen
C. hall D. garden
【分析】 本题可以利用原词复现解题。由下文中“That’s the garden in our picture”的garden可知，
尼科洛的儿子买的一本书中皮尔·波纳尔的图片中的椅子和花园跟尼科洛得到的画中的一模一样，这应该
是让人惊讶的。
2.同/近义复现
【典例分析】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
It was signed( 签 名 )“Bonnato” or so he thought ， but when he 51.researched it ， he only found
“Bonnard，”a French 52.painter he had never heard of.
...They __57__ the other painting and learned that it was 58.actually Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table
with a Small Dog.”
57. A.collected B. cleaned
C. framed D. studied
【分析】 本题可以利用同义复现解题。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin
的“Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog”。根据上文的but when he 51.searched it可知此处用“研
究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
3.同源词复现
【典例分析】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.
.........
This 52.view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as __53__ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the
space of a few kilometers.
53. A.scientists B. climbers
C. locals D. officials
【分析】本题可以利用同源词复现解题。联系上文的“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to
climb Kilimanjaro...”可知，爬山的人(climbers)可以经历五种生态系统，climb与climber是同源词。故选
B。
4.上下义复现
【典例分析】 (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Above 4，000 meters is the highland__57__：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.
57. A.village B. desert
C. road D. lake
【分析】 本题可以利用上下义复现解题。冒号后的gravel，stones and rocks的上义词是desert(荒漠)。
5.词语同现
【典例分析】 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
The instructors called for an ambulance.55.Fortunately，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well
enough to be allowed to __56__ and later the family met up for dinner.
56. A.return B. relax
C. speak D. leave
【分析】 本题可以利用词语同现解题。最有可能与ambulance (救护车)，after a brief stay in hospital (短
暂住院之后)等词同现的应当是“出院(leave)”，而不是“回归(return)”“放松(relax)”“说话(speak)”。故选D。
6.反义复现
【典例分析】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
They’ll have out half the 45.goods in the shop，and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46.particular
colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get，but I try to persuade them to keep __47__.
47. A.fighting B. smiling
C. waiting D. changing
【分析】 本题可以利用反义复现解题。根据连词 but可知，此处填入的词与前一分句中的upset意义相
反，故选B。
微观策略2：利用固定搭配及固定结构解题
高考英语完形填空会考查一些习惯搭配、地道习惯用语及固定句型等。因此在备考过程中要有意识
地加强对固定搭配、句型及习惯用语的积累和掌握。
【典例分析1】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo，”whose real name cannot be __41__ to the public
because of Italy’s privacy laws...
41. A.attached B. allocated
C. exposed D. submitted
【分析】 本题可以利用固定搭配解题。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的
真实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。be exposed to“暴露给……”，为固定搭配。
【典例分析2】
So，on 14 December 2011，I packed up my life，__25__ of my job plans，and climbed 60 meters to the
top of this tree.I have been here ever since.
25. A.grew out B. fell short
C. ran out D. let go
【分析】 本题可以利用固定搭配解题。根据语境可知，在 2011年12月14日，我收拾好我的生活，
爬到了树上，所以此处应是放弃了我的工作计划。let go of “放弃”，为固定搭配。
微观策略3：利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过根据句、段间内在的逻辑关系来推断正确答案。主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一
是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有因果关系、转折
关系、对比关系、递进关系、让步关系、并列关系、条件与结果关系等。
1. 转折关系
【典例分析1】 (2020·山东高考模拟卷)I am willing to stay up here for as long as it takes，__33__ I honestly hope it won’t be too long before I can
put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be logged.
33. A.but B. though
C. because D. so
【分析】 本题可以利用转折关系解题。空前提到我愿意待在树上，空后说，我不希望待在树上太
长时间，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故填but。故选A。
【典例分析2】 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
The 3，500 residents cannot all 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time.__57__，the new light feels like
more than enough for the town’s 58. sun － starved residents.
57. A.Instead B. However
C. Gradually D. Similarly
【分析】 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。空前提到居民不能同时享受阳光，空后说，新光线对小镇
居民而言感觉绰绰有余，由此可知，前后语义为转折关系，故选however (然而)。
2.因果关系
【典例分析】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
He was an international grandmaster，which 45.meant I would be learning from one of the game’s __46__.
I could hardly wait to 47.meet him.
46. A.fastest B. easiest
C. best D. rarest
【分析】 本题可以利用因果关系解题。
通过上面对本空前后文已知信息的分析，能够发现上下文是明显的因果关系，再结合语义，答案可
以确定为C项。
3.对比关系
【典例分析】 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
The following term，I 56.registered__for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was
57.prohibited. I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.__58__，if there had been any talking，it
would have 59.caused us to learn less.Now，I appreciate the silence and the 60.new way of communication it
opens.
58. A.Lastly B. ThusC. Instead D. However
【分析】 本题可以利用对比关系解题。根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非是不愉
快的，相反(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致作者他们学习得更少。所以，前后文是对比关系，故
选C项。Instead“相反地”；Lastly“最后，终于”；Thus“因此”；However“然而”。
4.递进关系
【典例分析】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
In order to 50.pass the class，among other criteria，we had to write a paper on how we plan to 51.apply
what we would learn in class to our future professions and，__52__，to our lives.
52. A.eventually B. naturally
C. directly D. normally
【分析】 本题可以利用递进关系解题。第一层：为了通过这门课程，我们得写一篇论文，在论文
中我们要说明如何把在课堂上学到的东西“应用到”未来的职业中去；第二层：“最终”应用到自己的
生活中去。结论：第一、二层之间为“递进”关系。故选A项。
5.让步关系
【典例分析】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
And，even if I weren’t__43__ enough about free credits，news about our 44.instructor was appealing
enough to me.
43. A.excited B. worried
C. moved D. tired
【分析】 本题可利用让步关系解题。
结合句意可确定答案为A。
微观策略4：利用语境暗示解题
在完形填空的短文中常常设置前后互相暗示的考题。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的
某些填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法得出正确答案，但只要我们继续往后
看，就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。所以，在做题时一定要充分利用前后的语境线索，以提高
做题的正确率。
【典例分析】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing __52__ damage to our children.
52. A.physical B. biological
C. spiritual D. behavioral
【分析】 本题可以利用语境暗示解题。由语境可知此处意为：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正
在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。故选C。
微观策略5：利用作者态度和情感色彩解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩
的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可
以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例分析】 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with__49__.
It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face.
49. A.surprise B. joy
C. hesitation D. anxiety
【分析】 本题可以利用作者态度和情感色彩解题。根据空格前面的 nervousness and fear were
replaced(紧张不安和恐惧被取代了)以及后面的“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.(它就开始舔Ehlers的脸)”
可知，它的不安和恐惧被快乐(joy)取代。答案可以确定为B项。
微观策略6：利用生活常识和文化背景解题
高考完形填空提供了相对完整的语篇信息，但其间渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识和常识。考生在
做题时可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来进行分析判断，以节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确
的答案。完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题
时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差
异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
【典例分析】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
The 59.family called the Italian Culture Ministry；the official confirmed that the paintings were __60__ and
worth as much as $50 million.
60. A.copies B. originals
C. models D. presents
【分析】 本题利用生活常识和文化背景解题。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这
些画是原版，价值高达5 000万美元。根据下文的as much as $50 million，结合生活常识可知只有画家的
原版才值这么多钱，故选B项。
【策略精练】1
After a tearless farewell with my daughter, we left her new dorm room. But soon in the campus we saw her
running against the August heat. I quickly 1 down the car window and Sarina didn’t miss a step as she
turned and happily waved goodbye. I was in 2 why the tears hadn’t come when we parted on her first
day in university.
Our first 3 , the day she left my body, was a nightmare of pain and suffering. 4 , our
togetherness following the birth was so sweet that I felt her small body still seemed to be 5 to mine. In
the years to come, the sound of her feet running around our house was like the gentle 6 that reminded
me that my little girl was here and that someday she would run the 7 I couldn’t follow.
Last year Sarina turned 16 and decided to 8 art in college: She was 9 about college life
with so much to expect, but I was uneasy because it would be a long plane ride away from home. I tried to
imagine what separation would be like, but I couldn’t. Separation, although on the horizon, 10 felt
distant.
Until the next morning when I awoke in a house 11 of her footsteps, the tears 12 came
and wouldn’t stop. I understood that Sarina had left the house, and I 13 the memory of her running.
When the tears stopped, I was 14 that with our love and support, she had the 15 to run to an
unfamiliar distance, to glance back, yet to keep moving forward.
1. A. wound B. put C. turned D. brought
2. A. disappointment B. disorder C. disbelief D. discouragement
3. A. meeting B. cooperation C. association D. separation
4. A. However B. Therefore C. Hence D. Furthermore
5. A. addicted B. attached C. devoted D. meant
6. A. pace B. exercise C. ray D. beat
7. A. rooms B. schools C. paths D. sports
8. A. like B. pursue C. purchase D. follow
9. A. serious B. cautious C. thrilled D. concerned
10. A. but B. even C. hardly D. still
11. A. full B. absent C. tired D. afraid
12. A. actually B. eventually C. clearly D. specially
13. A. hold up B. hold back C. hold on to D. hold out
14. A. relieved B. astonished C. ashamed D. grateful
15. A. glory B. energy C. spirit D. courage【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12.
B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在女儿离开自己去上大学时不舍的心情，但家人的爱和支持
是女儿不停向前的动力。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我迅速摇下车窗，Sarina没有错过一步，她转过身来，愉快地挥手告别。
A. wound转动（把手）；B. put放置；C. turned使旋转；D. brought带来。后文提到“the car window”由此
判断，此处是摇下车窗跟女儿告别。故选A项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不相信为什么在她第一天上大学，我们分手时没有流泪。A.
disappointment失望；B. disorder错乱；C. disbelief不相信；D. discouragement气馁。前文提到“Sarina
turned, nodded at us and happily waved goodbye.”和句中“why the tears hadn’t come”可知作者以为和女儿分
别的第一天会非常的难过，但女儿和作者分开的时候却是笑着和作者说再见，作者不相信会是这个样子。
故选C项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的第一次分离，也就是她离开我的那天，是一场充满痛苦和折磨的噩
梦。A. meeting会议；B. cooperation合作；C. association关系；D. separation分离。根据后文“the day she
left my body”可知指的是作者要和女儿分离。故选D项。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她出生时，我们的见面是如此甜蜜，以至于我感觉到她的小身体似
乎仍然与我的身体相连。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Hence因此；D. Furthermore进一步。根
据句意可知，前后为转折关系。故选A项。
5. 考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们在出生后的团聚是如此甜蜜，以至于我感觉到她的小
身体似乎仍然与我的身体相连。A. addicted上瘾的；B. attached隶属于的；C. devoted忠诚的；D. meant意
味着，动词。根据上文“following the birth”可知，我感觉到她的小身体似乎仍然与我的身体相连。这是
母爱的一种表现。故选B项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的岁月里，她的脚步声将在我们的房子周围奔跑，就像是温柔的
节拍，提醒我的小女儿还在这里，有一天她会跑过我无法跟上的路径。A. pace步速；B. exercise锻炼；C.
ray光束；D. beat敲，节拍。根据上文“the sound of her feet running around our house”可知，她的脚步声在
我们的房子周围奔跑，就像是温柔的节拍。故选D项。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的岁月里，她的脚步声在我们的房子周围奔跑，就像是温柔的节
拍，提醒我的小女儿在这里，有一天她会跑过我无法跟上的路径。A. rooms房间；B. schools学校；C.
paths小路，路径；D. sports运动。根据下文“I couldn’t follow.”可知，有一天她会跑过我无法跟上的路径。
故选C项。8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：去年，Sarina年满16岁，决定在大学里追求艺术：她对大学生活充满期待，
感到很兴奋，但我很不安，因为离家要坐很长的飞机。A. like喜欢；B. pursue追求；C. purchase购买；D.
follow跟随。根据后文“art in college”可知，Sarina年满16岁，决定在大学里追求艺术。故选B项。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去年，Sarina年满16岁，决定在大学里学习艺术：她对大学生活充满期
待，感到很兴奋，但我很不安，因为离家要坐很长的飞机。A. serious严肃的；B. cautious谨慎的；C.
thrilled兴奋的；D. concerned担心的。根据下文“with so much to expect”可知，女儿感到兴奋。故选C项。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：别离，虽然近在眼前，却还是觉得遥不可及。A. but仅仅；B. even甚至；
C. hardly几乎不；D. still仍然。根据上文“although on the horizon”中although表示转折，说明作者不敢相
信女儿就要离开自己，所以虽然别离近在眼前，却还是觉得遥不可及。故选D项。
11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到第二天早上，当我在一所没有她的脚步声的房子里醒来时，眼泪最
终还是流了下来，一直不停。A. full满的；B. absent缺席的；C. tired疲惫的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文
的“Separation”以及下文“I understood that Sarina had left the house”可知，当我在一所没有她的脚步声的
房子里醒来时，眼泪最终还是流了下来，一直不停。absent of表示“缺少”。故选B项。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到第二天早上，当我在一所没有她的脚步声的房子里醒来时，眼泪最终
还是流了下来，一直不停。A. actually事实上；B. eventually最后地；C. clearly清晰地；D. specially特殊
地。根据上文“I was in ____2____ why the tears hadn’t come when we parted on her first day in university.”
以及下文“I understood that Sarina had left the house”以及“wouldn’t stop”可知，作者的眼泪最终还是流了
下来。故选B项。
13. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道萨丽娜已经离开了家，我还记得她跑的情景。A. hold up举起；
B. hold back阻止；C. hold on to紧紧抓住；D. hold out坚持。根据后文“the memory of her running”作者想
念女儿，所以还记得她跑的情景，hold on to此处表示“紧紧抓住，不放弃”。故选C项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当眼泪停止时，我很欣慰，因为在我们的爱和支持下，她有勇气跑到一
个陌生的距离，回头看一眼，但又继续前进。A. relieved感到宽慰的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. ashamed
感到羞愧的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文“with our love and support, she had the ____15____ to run to
an unfamiliar distance, to glance back, yet to keep moving forward.”可知，女儿很勇敢，这让作者感到欣慰。
故选A项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当眼泪停止时，我很欣慰，因为在我们的爱和支持下，她有勇气跑到一个
陌生的距离，回头看一眼，但又继续前进。A. glory荣耀；B. energy能量；C. spirit精神；D. courage勇气。
根据下文“run to an unfamiliar distance, to glance back, yet to keep moving forward.”可知，女儿很有勇气，
跑到一个陌生的地方。故选D项。
2Ten years ago when I was diagnosed with a serious illness, my first thought was, “Why me?” And this
thought 16 me throughout my journey. It wasn’t until I was 17 enough to look back that I realized
how much of my life was 18 by my illness not in a bad way.
Being 19 for our past experiences and 20 can be a hard thing to do. We sometimes wish
events in our past could be 21 so we could start a new life. But without these events, we wouldn’t learn,
change and grow.
The day I 22 this was volunteering with my boyfriend. A friend’s wife came up to me and asked me
how school was, 23 I said I didn’t like it that much. She then 24 by saying, “Well, if you hadn’t
gone, you wouldn’t have met him,” and pointed at my 25 .
This really opened my eyes, and after I left I started seeing everything in my life in this 26 . If I
hadn’t gone to that school, I would never have met my future husband. If I hadn’t battled 27 the illness,
I wouldn’t have found my true 28 . At first I didn’t see how my illness could have ever been a blessing.
But when I looked at it as an experience for me, I started to see that I had a lot to be grateful for.
I grew closer to my mother while 29 . I gained knowledge about myself that I could 30
gain through struggle, and learned how to take care of my wants and needs in a way that made me happy.
16. A. injured B. followed C. delivered D. struck
17. A. well B. brave C. scared D. ill
18. A. widened B. lengthened C. shaped D. unified
19. A. mindful B. thankful C. hopeful D. cheerful
20. A. stories B. replies C. rewards D. struggles
21. A. ruined B. caught C. swept D. taught
22. A. recalled B. reminded C. removed D. realized
23. A. but B. and C. so D. for
24. A. responded B. collected C. refused D. lectured
25. A. boyfriend B. girlfriend C. husband D. teacher
26. A. way B. system C. regard D. case
27. A. through B. for C. within D. against
28. A. hope B. self C. relief D. friend
29. A. living B. losing C. recovering D. searching
30. A. never B. already C. only D. also
【答案】
16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. A 26.A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己与病魔的斗争的经历和感悟，告诉我们过去的事情
会帮助我们学习、改变和成长，我们应该对其心存感激。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个想法伴随着我的整个康复的历程。A. injured使受伤，弄伤；B.
followed跟着，跟随；C. delivered递送；D. struck碰撞。根据句中“throughout my journey”和下文“It
wasn’t until I was 2 enough to look back...”可知作者的这一想法一直跟随着她，直到她病情好转，恢
复健康。故选B项。
17. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到我恢复健康并可以回顾过去的时候，我才意识到我的病以一种不那
么糟糕的方式很大程度上影响了我的生活。A. well健康的；B. brave勇敢的；C. scared惊恐的；D. ill有
病的。根据句中“to look back”可推知，作者可以去回顾这段经历的时候，她已经恢复了健康。故选A项。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到我恢复到可以回顾过去的时候，我才意识到我的病以一种不那么糟糕
的方式很大程度上影响了我的生活。A. widened使扩大；B. lengthened延长；C. shaped影响……的发展；
D. unified统一。根据第二段中“We sometimes wish events in our past could be 6 so we could start a
new life. But without these events, we wouldn’t learn, change and grow.”可知，作者认为过去的事情会帮助我
们学习、改变和成长，所以推知，作者认识到自己的生活受到这一次生病的经历的影响。故选C项。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：感谢我们过去的经历和艰难奋斗可能是一件很难的事情。A. mindful留
心的；B. thankful感谢的；C. hopeful满怀希望的；D. cheerful欢快的。根据上文“作者认为过去的事情会
帮助我们学习、改变和成长”和下文“We sometimes wish events in our past could be 6 so we could
start a new life.”可知，有时我们对过去的经历是消极的，希望忘却，然后重新开始，所以感激过去是一件
很难的事情。故选B项。
20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：感谢我们过去的经历和艰难奋斗可能是一件很难的事情。A. stories故事；
B. replies回答；C. rewards奖品；D. struggles奋斗，难事。根据句中“a hard thing to do”可知，过去的艰
难很难让我们心存感激；同时最后一段中“I could 15 gain through struggle”是原词复现。故选D项。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们有时希望过去的事情可以清除，这样我们就可以开始新的生活。A.
ruined毁灭；B. caught捕捉；C. swept清除；D. taught教授。根据句中“so we could start a new life”可知，
有时我们希望过去的事情能被清除，然后重新开始。故选C项。
22. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在和我男朋友一起做志愿者的那天我意识到这一点。A. recalled记起；B.
reminded提醒；C. removed移开；D. realized意识到。根据上文“We sometimes wish events in our past
could be 6 so we could start a new life. But without these events, we wouldn’t learn, change and grow.”和
指代关系可知，句中指示代词“this”指的是上文中作者对过去事情的新的认知，这是她在和男朋友一起做
志愿者的那天意识到的。故选D项。23. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：一个朋友的妻子来找我，问我学校怎么样，我说我不太喜欢。A. but但是；
B. and和；C. so所以；D. for因为。上文一个朋友提出一个问题，下文“I said I didn’t like it that much.”作
者进行回答，上下文是顺承关系，用连词and连接。故选B项。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她回应说，“嗯，如果你没有去，你就不会遇到他，”并指着我的男
朋友。A. responded回应；B. collected收集；C. refused拒绝；D. lectured演讲。句中“saying, ‘Well, if you
hadn’t gone, you wouldn’t have met him,’”是朋友对作者的话的回应。故选A项。
25. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她回答说，“嗯，如果你没有去，你就不会遇到他，”并指着我的男
朋友。A. boyfriend男朋友；B. girlfriend女朋友；C. husband丈夫；D. teacher教师。根据上文可知，作者
当时正和男朋友在做志愿者，结合句中“you wouldn’t have met him”可知，朋友指的是作者的男朋友。故
选A项。
26. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真的让我大开眼界，在我离开后，我开始用这种方式看待我生活中的一
切。A. way方法；B. system系统；C. regard尊重；D. case实例。根据下文“If I hadn’t gone to that school,
I would never have met my future husband. If I hadn’t battled 12 the illness, I wouldn’t have found my
true 13 .”可知，作者听了朋友的话后，开始用一种不同的方式来看待过去的事情。故选A项。
27. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有和疾病斗争，我就不会找到真正的自己。A. through穿过；B.
for给，对；C. within在……之内；D. against反对。根据上文可知，作者得了重病，所以她是与病魔斗争，
battle against“与……斗争”。故选D项。
28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我没有和疾病抗争，我就不会找到真正的自己。A. hope希望；B. self
自己；C. relief宽慰，轻松；D. friend朋友。根据句后一段中“I gained knowledge about myself that I could
15 gain through struggle, and learned how to take care of my wants and needs in a way that made me happy.”
可知，作者在与病魔斗争的过程中了解了真正的自己。故选B项。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在康复过程中，我和母亲的关系越来越亲密。A. living居住；B. losing失
去；C. recovering康复；D. searching搜寻。根据上文可知，本文讲述作者与病魔斗争的康复过程中的感悟。
故选C项。
30. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我了解了自己，这是我只能通过斗争才能获得的，我学会了如何以一种让
我快乐的方式来满足我的需求。A. never决不；B. already已经；C. only只，只有；D. also也。根据上文
“If I hadn’t battled 12 the illness, I wouldn’t have found my true 13 . At first I didn’t see how my
illness could have ever been a blessing. But when I looked at it as an experience for me, I started to see that I had
a lot to be grateful for.”可知，作者认为是与病魔的斗争(struggle)让她认识了真正的自己，了解了自己。故
选C项。
3My mother looks just like many grandmothers — short and white-haired. She comes from an old, traditional
family in Canada, where she now still lives. She was a civil servant. In short, she didn’t do 31 things.
That all changed a few years ago. She began to 32 me with what she described as “independence”.
At that time, I didn’t fully understand what she was doing.
In early 2015, the year she turned 75, she informed me she’d 33 a seven-night trip to Turkey, and
that she was going alone. There was no way I could 34 that. A little old lady not speaking a word of
Turkish, with no 35 of the laws and customs of the land — it was impossible!
My mother paid no attention to me. Off she went. When she returned, she told us it had been a wonderful
success. As it 36 , she had barely spent any time alone, after 37 a taxi driver to show her around.
He introduced her to a rug vendor (地毯商) — Mustafa, “a lovely fellow”, and she bought some rugs. The vendor
had taken her address details and promised to 38 them to Canada.
I couldn’t believe her naivety (幼稚) and explained that she had been 39 . The vendor had her
money. She neither had nor would be receiving any rugs.
Well, I was 40 .
To my great shock, her rugs did arrive some weeks later, along with a lovely note from Mustafa. To my even
greater surprise, the following year Mustafa himself arrived in Canada.
“I invited him for a cup of tea and he came,” my mother told me. I was 41 because she hardly
knew this man! But again, she paid little attention to me, telling me to stop being silly.
I wondered: “Is she not thinking straight?” 42 I worried about her, Mum was thinking straighter
than most of us.
Her 43 seemed to be based on a realization that life needs to be lived, when there’s relatively little
of it left. It 44 me of the line “Get busy living or get busy dying.”
I don’t think Mum knows what her next big “thing” is going to be. But I am sure, she is open to any 45
, which is something we all probably need right now. Live life to the fullest.
31. A. complex B. crazy C. humorous D. sensitive
32. A. surprise B. amuse C. comfort D. attract
33. A. founded B. taken C. designed D. canceled
34. A. allow B. demand C. chatter D. delay
35. A. intention B. knowledge C. view D. fear
36. A. turned out B. came true C. made sense D. went ahead
37. A. approving B. chasing C. hiring D. highlighting
38. A. invite B. consume C. switch D. ship39. A. dominated B. ignored C. cheated D. abandoned
40. A. right B. lucky C. serious D. wrong
41. A. frightened B. depressed C. disappointed D. ashamed
42. A. If B. Since C. While D. Once
43. A. promotion B. interaction C. independence D. preference
44. A. enhanced B. imitated C. pretended D. reminded
45. A. anxiety B. adventure C. embarrassment D. well-being
【答案】
31. B 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. C 40. D 41.
A 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了母亲在退休以后更勇敢地生活的故事，具体体现在更加敢于冒
险，敢于信任陌生人等。
31. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，她不做疯狂的事情。A. complex复杂的；B. crazy疯狂的；
C. humorous幽默的；D. sensitive敏感的。根据前文“She comes from an old, traditional family in Canada,
where she now still lives. She was a civil servant. (她来自加拿大的一个古老传统的家庭，现在她仍然住在那
里。她是一名公务员)”可知，母亲在作者眼里是一个传统的人，不会做疯狂的事情。故选B项。
32. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始用她所说的“独立”来让我吃惊。A. surprise使惊讶；B. amuse使
娱乐；C. comfort安慰；D. attract吸引。根据前文“That all changed a few years ago.(几年前一切都变了)”
以及“what she described as ‘independence’(她称之为“独立”)”可知，母亲发生了改变，有了“独立”的
想法，这使得作者对母亲的行为感到惊讶。故选A项。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2015年初，也就是她75岁生日的那一年，她告诉我，她一个人去土耳其
旅行了7晚。 A. founded建立；B. taken走；C. designed设计；D. canceled取消。“take a trip”是固定短
语，意为“去旅行”。故选B项。
34. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我绝不能允许那样的事发生。A. allow允许；B. demand要求；C. chatter
闲聊；D. delay耽搁。结合空前的“there was no way(没门)”以及“A little old lady not speaking a word of
Turkish, with no ____5____ of the laws and customs of the land — it was impossible!(一个不会说土耳其语的小
老太太，对这片土地上的法律和习俗一无所知——这是不可能的！)”可知，出于对母亲独自出行的担心，
作者不允许母亲一个人去国外旅行。故选A项。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个不会说土耳其语的小老太太，对这片土地上的法律和习俗一无所知
——这是不可能的！A. intention目的；B. knowledge了解；C. view观点；D. fear恐惧。根据语境“A little
old lady not speaking a word of Turkish(一个不会说土耳其语的小老太太)”可知，完全不会说土耳其语，自
然而然对那个国家的了解几乎没有，“have no knowledge of ”是固定短语，意为“不知道”。故选B项。36. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这次旅行的结果就是，在她雇佣了一个巴士司机给他带路以后，她大部分
时候都没有自己一个人。A. turned out结果是；B. came true实现；C. made sense有意义；D. went ahead前
进。根据前文“When she returned, she told us it had been a wonderful success.(当她回来的时候，她告诉我们
旅行非常成功)”可知，后文是母亲这次旅行的结果。故选A项。
37. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行的结果就是，在她雇佣了一个巴士司机给他带路以后，她大部分
时候都没有自己一个人。A. approving赞成；B. chasing追赶，追求；C. hiring雇佣；D. highlighting突出，
强调。根据语境和常识判断，出国旅行时，雇佣一个司机是很常见的事情。故选C项。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个小贩记下了她的详细地址并承诺将他们运送到加拿大。A. invite邀请；
B. consume消耗；C. switch转变；D. ship运输。根据常识可知，商品跨国交易通常需要运输。故选D项。
39. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无法相信她的幼稚并向她解释她被骗了。A. dominated主导；B. ignored
忽视；C. cheated欺骗；D. abandoned抛弃。根据作者的判断“The vendor had her money. She neither had
nor would be receiving any rugs.(小贩拿着她的钱。她既没有也不会收到任何地毯)”可知，母亲在没收到货
物的情况下就支付了钱，作者认为她被骗了。故选C项。
40. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好吧，我错了。A. right正确的；B. lucky幸运的；C. serious严肃的；D.
wrong错误的。根据下文“To my great shock, her rugs did arrive some weeks later，along with a lovely note
from Mustafa.(令我非常震惊的是，几周后，她的地毯确实到了，还带来了穆斯塔法写的一张可爱的便条)”
可知，母亲收到了她买的物品，因此作者知道自己的判断是错误的。故选D项。
41. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为她几乎不了解这个男人，我感到害怕。A. frightened害怕的；B.
depressed沮丧的，消沉的；C. disappointed失望的；D. ashamed感到羞耻的。根据语境判断，“this man”
应是指代前文提及的地毯商贩穆斯塔法，在作者看来，母亲对那个男人不怎么了解就邀请他来家里喝咖
啡，这令作者感到恐惧。故选A项。
42. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：当我为她担心的时候，妈妈比我们大多数人都想得更清楚。 A. If如果，
是否；B. Since既然；C. While当……时候； D. Once一旦。分析可知，“____12____ I worried about her”
为时间状语从句，表达作者在担心母亲思维不清晰的时候，其实母亲比任何人都想的清楚明白。故选C
项。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的独立似乎基于一种意识，那就是生命是用来过的，尤其当所剩无几时。
A. promotion促进；B. interaction互动；C. independence独立； D . preference偏好。分析语境可知，母亲
的种种行为都根据自己的想法，不受任何人干扰，这是独立的表现，同时与前文“what she described as
‘independence’(她称之为“独立”)”相呼应，这里应是C项“independence”。故选C项。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我想起一句话 “忙着生活忙着死去”。A. enhanced提高；B. imitated
模仿；C. pretended假装；D. reminded使想起。分析可知，母亲的行为使作者想到了这句谚语。“remindsb of sth”，固定短语，意为“使某人想起某事”，符合语义逻辑。故选D项。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我敢肯定，她对任何冒险都是持开放态度。A. anxiety焦急；B.
adventure冒险；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. well-being健康。与前文“I don’t think Mum knows what her
next big ‘thing’ is going to be.(我想妈妈不知道她的下一件大事会是什么)”中的“ ‘big’ thing”相呼应这里
应是“adventure”，母亲做的一些大胆行为在作者看来是冒险。故选B项。
4
I come from a family of great cooks. Ever since I could 46 , the meals my mother cooks have always
been delicious. It is as if she entered the kitchen and 47 a series of mysterious processes that turn different
48 into delicious dishes. To me, it is almost 49 .
However, I have never been 50 cooking. I just enjoy eating, though my mother is a(n) 51 of
recipe books and used to give cooking classes. She 52 me to be a great cook just like her, and tried her best
to guide me. 53 it is clear that I have failed to meet her expectations.
I will always remember a(n) 54 that happened years ago, which 55 my lack of talent for
cooking. As a student staying off campus, I had to take 56 to cook dinner with two other roommates.
Although they didn't have very good cooking skill, I was obviously the 57 . This truth was proved
when one 58 walked into the kitchen while I was 59 some food. She took a look at me
and said, "Oh, it's your turn? I’d better eat some biscuits so I won't be too 60 . "
Now, 13 years have passed, but I still don't know how to 61 like my mother. I'm unable to 62
my family tradition, but I've found my niche（合适的工作）in a(n) 63 area. I've found my place in
my own field and 64 my own expectations 65 trying to live up to those of others.
46. A. imagine B. remember C. draw D. smell
47. A. performed B. adopted C. created D. completed
48. A. ingredients B. crops C. corn D. meat
49. A. strange B. familiar C. distant D. magic
50. A. linked to B. sensitive to C. interested in D. aware of
51. A. editor B. customer C. saleswoman D. manager
52. A. disliked B. forced C. begged D. expected
53. A. So B. But C. Since D. Though
54. A. incident B. error C. accident D. case
55. A. blamed B. involved C. impacted D. proved
56. A. turns B. attempts C. risks D. excuses
57. A. best B. worst C. least D. most58. A. roommate B. teacher C. friend D. neighbor
59. A. storing B. eating C. holding D. preparing
60. A. frustrated B. hungry C. annoyed D. weak
61. A. behave B. cook C. fish D. adjust
62. A. carry on B. make up C. go with D. search for
63. A. professional B. different C. amazing D. similar
64. A. met B. raised C. created D. promoted
65. A. regardless of B. far from C. but for D. instead of
【答案】
46. B 47. A 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D 56.
A 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. B 61. B 62. A 63. B 64. A 65. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。虽然“我”辜负了母亲的期望，没有成为一名优秀的厨师，但是“我”却在
其他领域找到了属于自己的位置，活出了真我风采。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从我记事开始，妈妈做的饭一直都很好吃。A. imagine想像；B.
remember记得，记住；C. draw 描绘；D. smell闻。根据语境可以推测，自从“我”记事开始，妈妈做的
饭一直都很好吃，其他选项不合乎语境。故选B。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就好像妈妈走进厨房，表演了一系列的魔法一样就把不同的烹饪原料变
成了一道道美食。A. perform执行，表演；B. adopt采纳；C. create创建；D. complete完成。mysterious
process与performed连用，表示“变魔术”合乎语境。故选A。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就好像妈妈走进厨房，表演了一系列的魔法一样就把不同的烹饪原料变
成了一道道美食。A. ingredients 原 料，配料；B. crops农作物；C. corn玉米；D. meat肉。妈妈做出美食
是需要原料的。故选A。
49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这几乎就是变魔术一样。A. strange奇怪的；B. familiar熟悉
的；C. distant遥远的；D. magic神奇的。根据上一句话中的“ mysterious processes”可知，在“我”看来，
妈妈做菜的过程很神秘，很神奇，就像魔法一样。故选D。
50. 考查短语辨析。句意：然而，我对烹饪从不感兴趣。A. linked to连接到；B. sensitive to对……敏感；
C. interested in对……感兴趣D. aware of意识到。由后文的I just enjoy eating可知，“我”对烹饪不感兴
趣。故选C。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈是烹饪类书籍的编辑。A. editor编辑；B. customer 顾客；C.
saleswoman女售货员；D. manager经理。由空后的“过去教过烹饪课”并结合选项可推知，妈妈是烹饪
类书籍的编辑。故选A。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈期望我成为一名优秀的厨师。A. disliked不喜欢；B. forced强迫；C.begged乞求；D. expected期待。由该句中的“just like her , and tried her best to guide me”可知，妈妈期望
“我”成为一名优秀的厨师。expect sb. to do sth. 意为“期望某人做某事”。故选D。
53. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是显然我没有达到她的期望。A. So所以；B. But但是；C. Since自从，
因为；D. Though虽然。空格前的句子讲妈妈期望“我”成为一名优秀的厨师，空后讲我没能实现她的期
望。因此由上下文可知，前后表转折关系，故用But。故选B。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我总是会想起发生在几年前的小事。A. incident 小事，事变；B. error错
误；C. accident事故；D. case案例。下文讲述了“我”做饭的一件事，这不是错误、事故、案例，它是发
生在我和室友日常生活中的一件很平常的事情。故选A。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那件事证实了我缺乏烹饪天赋。A. blamed指责；B. involved参与；C.
impacted影响；D. proved证明。由下文讲述的故事可知，室友先吃些饼干以防太饿，它证实了“我”缺
乏烹饪天赋，“This truth was proved when one____13____walked”是提示信息，prove是同词复现，故选
D。
56. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为不住校的学生，我不得不和其他两位室友轮流做饭。A. turns轮流；
B. attempts尝试；C. risks风险；D. excuses借口。“我”和其他两位室友轮流做饭。take turns to do sth. 意
为“轮流做某事”。下文中的“it's your turn? I’d better eat some biscuits... ”是提示信息，turn是同词复现。
故选A。
57. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他们也没有很好的厨艺，但显然我是三个人当中最差的那个。A.
best最好的；B. worst最坏的；C. least最少的 ；D. most最多的。 “我”是三个人当中最差的那个，这
是“我”对自己的评价，这回应了下文中的“it’s your turn? I'd better eat some biscuits...”。故选B。
58. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我正在准备食物时，我的一个室友走进厨房，这个真相被证实了。A.
roommate室友；B. teacher老师；C. friend朋友；D. neighbor邻居。由“it’s your turn? I’d better eat some
biscuits...”可知，这是室友进屋时说的话。roommate在本段第二句中出现了，这是同词复现。故选A。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我正在准备食物时，我的一个室友走进厨房，这个真相被证实了。A.
storing储存；B. eating吃；C. holding举起；D. preparing准备。由“it's your turn?” 可 知，“我”正在准
备饭食。故选D。
60. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还是吃点儿饼干吧，免得太饿。A. frustrated沮丧的；B. hungry饿的；
C. annoyed恼火的；D. weak 虚 弱 的 。室友先吃点饼干以防太饿，其他选项不合乎语境。故选B。
61. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在13 年过去了，可我仍然不知道如何像妈妈那样做饭。A. behave表现；
B. cook烹调；C. fish钓鱼；D. adjust调整。cook是文章的主题词语，“我”在多年以后，烹调的手艺还
是不好。故选B。
62. 考查短语辨析。句意：我没能将家庭的传统继续。 A. carry on继续；B. make up化妆，编造；C. gowith 和……一起去；D. search for搜寻。由前文的“I have failed to meet her expectations”可知，“我”没
能将家庭的传统继续下去。故选A。
63. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我已经在一个不同的领域找到了适合我的工作。A. professional专业
的；B. different不同的；C. amazing惊人的；D. similar类似的。由but一词的转折可知，虽然“我”烹调
的手艺不好，但“我”找到了适合“我”的工作，那是在不同的领域。故选B。
64. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经在自己的领域找到了属于我的位置，并满足了自己的而不是他人的
期望。A. met 满足，遇见；B. raised提出；C. created创造；D. promoted晋升。“我”已经在自己的领
域找到了属于“我”的位置，因此“我”满足了自己的期待。故选A。
65. 考查短语辨析。句意：我已经在自己的领域找到了属于我的位置，并满足了自己的而不是他人的期望。
A. regardless of不管；B. far from远离；C. but for要不是；D. instead of 而不是，代替。根据前文的“I
have failed to meet her expectations 和 I’ve found my place in my own field”可知，“我”满足了自己的而不
是他人的期望。故选D。
5
I had worried myself sick over Simon’s mother coming to see me. I was a new teacher, and I gave an honest
66 of the students’ work. In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn’t read his own
handwriting. 67 he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension.
His work in no way reflected his 68 .
So when Simon’s mother entered the room, my palms(手掌心)were 69 . I was completely 70
for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you,” she said, surprising me beyond speech. 71 me,
Simon had become a different person. She talked of how he 72 me, he had begun to make friends, and
for the first time in his twelve years, he had 73 spent an afternoon at a friend’s house. She wanted to tell
me how grateful she was for the 74 I had nurtured(培养)in her son. She kissed me again and left.
I sat, stunned(惊呆), for about half an hour, 75 what had just happened. How did I make such a
life-changing difference to that boy without 76 knowing it? What I finally came to 77
was one day, several months before, when some students were 78 reports in the front of the class,
Jeanne spoke 79 , and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon’s the expert
on this. He is the only one you have to convince, and he can’t hear you in the 80 of the room.” That
was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, 81 more, and became
happy. And it was all because 82 to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed 83
was the one who took the last seat that day.
It taught me the most 84 lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I’m thankful that itcame early and positively. A small kindness can indeed 85 .
66. A. introduction B. favour C. discussion D. account
67. A. Or B. And C. But D. So
68. A. courage B. abilities C. feelings D. dream
69. A. hurting B. trembling C. sweating D. clapping
70. A. desperate B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable
71. A. Because of B. In addition to C. Apart from D. As for
72. A. loved B. envied C. pleased D. criticized
73. A. gradually B. constantly C. recently D. obviously
74. A. self-respect B. self-doubt C. self-pity D. self-defence
75. A. imaging B. observing C. wondering D. regretting
76. A. also B. even C. still D. ever
77. A. expect B. remember C. believe D. accept
78. A. writing B. reviewing C. editing D. giving
79. A. quietly B. repeatedly C. quickly D. firmly
80. A. entrance B. middle C. front D. back
81. A. slept B. smiled C. shouted D. quarreled
82. A. intended B. pretended C. refused D. happened
83. A. change B. praise C. thanks D. visits
84. A. painful B. stressful C. valuable D. enjoyable
85. A. take power B. have a point C. make a difference D. catch attention
【答案】
66. D 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. C 71. A 72. A 73. C 74. A 75. C 76.
B 77. B 78. D 79. A 80. D 81. B 82. D 83. B 84. C 85. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位新老师，因为偶然的一句表扬，改变了一个成绩很差的孩子
的性格和命运。
66. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一个新老师，我会对于学生的表现给予诚实的描述。A. introduction
介绍；B. favour 喜欢；C. discussion 讨论；D. account 描述，报告。an account of sth.表示“对……进行
解释，描述，报告”。根据句意可知，此处表示对学生的表现给予诚实的描述。故选D。
67. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：但是他是一个很聪明的孩子。A. Or 或者；B. And和；C. But但是；D. So
所以。根据上文“He couldn’t read his own handwriting.(他连自己的笔迹都看不懂)”可知，两句构成转折关
系。故选C。68. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的作业绝对反应不出他的能力。A. courage 勇气；B. abilities能力；C.
feelings 感觉；D. dream 梦想。根据上文“ 2 he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects
with nearly adult comprehension.(但是他是一个很聪明的孩子。他使用几乎是成人的理解来谈论事情)”可知，
此处指他的作业绝对反应不出他的能力。故选B。
69. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当西蒙的妈妈进入房间时，我的手心在出汗。A. hurting 受伤；B.
trembling 颤抖；C. sweating 出汗；D. clapping 鼓掌。根据上文“I had worried myself sick over Simon’s
mother coming to see me.(我很担心西蒙的妈妈来找我)”可知，当西蒙的妈妈进来时，作者手心出汗，很紧
张。故选C。
70. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西蒙的母亲亲吻了我的脸颊，我对此完全没有准备。A. desperate 绝望
的；B. responsible 负责任的；C. unprepared 没有准备的；D. unsuitable 不合适的。根据上下文可知，作
者完全没想到西蒙的母亲会亲她，所以作者是没有准备的。故选C。
71. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因为我，西蒙完全变了一个人。A. Because of 因为；B. In addition to 除
了；C. Apart from 除了；D. As for 关于。根据下文“She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the
9 I had nurtured(培养)in her son.(她告诉我她很感激我帮助西蒙培养了他的自尊心)”可知，因为我，西
蒙改变了。故选A。
72. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我他是多么的喜欢我，他开始交朋友，在他十二年的人生里第一次，
最近在朋友家玩了一下午。A. loved 喜爱；B. envied 嫉妒；C. pleased 取悦； D. criticized 批评。根据上
文“ 6 me, Simon had become a different person.(因为我，西蒙完全变了一个人)”可知，西蒙是很
喜欢作者。故选A。
73. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我他是多么的喜欢我，他开始交朋友，在他十二年的人生里第一次，
最近在朋友家玩了一下午。A. gradually 逐渐地；B. constantly 不断地；C. recently 最近；D. obviously 明
显地。根据上下文可知，西蒙发生改变，不但开始交朋友，最近还在朋友家玩了一下午。故选C。
74. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我她很感激我帮助西蒙培养了他的自尊心。A. self-respect 自尊；
B. self-doubt 自我怀疑；C. self-pity 自怜；D. self-defence 自卫。根据空格后“I had nurtured(培养)in her
son.”可知，西蒙的妈妈感谢作者培养了他的自尊心。故选A。
75. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在那里惊呆了，大约有半个小时，一直在想刚刚发生的事。A.
imaging想象；B. observing 观察；C. wondering 想知道，好奇；D. regretting 后悔。根据下文“How did I
make such a life-changing difference to that boy without 1 1 knowing it?(我是怎么在甚至我自己都不
知道的情况下让那个男孩有了这样大的改变)”可知，作者也很好奇。故选C。
76. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我是怎么在甚至我自己都不知道的情况下让那个男孩有了这样大的改变。
A. also 也；B. even 甚至；C. still 然而；D. ever 曾经。根据句意可知，作者甚至自己都不知道。故选B。
77. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最终想起了几个月前的一天，当一些学生在全班人面前作报告时，珍妮
说话很轻，于是，为了鼓励她提高她的声音，我说：“大声点，西蒙是这方面的专家。他是唯一一个你
要说服的人，他现在坐在班级最后听不到你的声音。”A. expect 期望；B. remember 记起；C. believe 相
信；D. accept 接受。根据下文的描述可知，作者终于记起了这件事。故选B。
78. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最终想起了几个月前的一天，当一些学生在全班人面前作报告时，珍妮
说话很轻，于是，为了鼓励她提高她的声音，我说：“大声点，西蒙是这方面的专家。他是唯一一个你
要说服的人，他现在坐在班级最后听不到你的声音。”A. writing 写；B. reviewing 评论；C. editing 编辑；
D. giving 提供，give reports表示“作报告”。故选D。
79. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我最终想起了几个月前的一天，当一些学生在全班人面前作报告时，珍妮
说话很轻，于是，为了鼓励她提高她的声音，我说：“大声点，西蒙是这方面的专家。他是唯一一个你
要说服的人，他现在坐在班级最后听不到你的声音。”A. quietly 轻声地；B. repeatedly重复；C. quickly
快速地；D. firmly 坚定地。根据下文作者说的话“Speak up.”可知，珍妮说话声音很轻。故选A。
80. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最终想起了几个月前的一天，当一些学生在全班人面前作报告时，珍妮
说话很轻，于是，为了鼓励她提高她的声音，我说：“大声点，西蒙是这方面的专家。他是唯一一个你
要说服的人，他现在坐在班级最后听不到你的声音。”A. entrance 入口；B. middle 中间；C. front 前面；
D. back 后面。根据下文“And it was all because 1 7 to be the last kid in the last row.(这全是因为他
碰巧是最后一排的最后一个孩子)”可知，西蒙坐在教室最后面。故选D。
81. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，西蒙坐的更直，注意力更集中，更多地微笑，也变得开心了。
A. slept 睡；B. smiled 笑；C. shouted 大喊大叫；D. quarreled 争吵。根据空格后“and became happy”可
知，西蒙笑的更多了。故选B。
82. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这全是因为他碰巧是最后一排的最后一个孩子。A. intended 打算；B.
pretended 假装；C. refused 拒绝；D. happened 碰巧，发生。happen to do sth.表示“碰巧发生某事”，根
据下文“The boy who most needed 1 8 was the one who took the last seat that day.(那个最需要表扬
的男孩是那天坐在最后一个座位的人)”可知，作者提到西蒙，只是因为他坐在最后一排，这只是一个巧合。
故选D。
83. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个最需要表扬的男孩是那天坐在最后一个座位的人。A. change 改变；
B. praise 表扬；C. thanks 感谢；D. visits 拜访。根据上下文可知，此处表示最需要表扬的。故选B。
84. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我多年的教学生涯中，它教会了我最宝贵的一课，我很庆幸它来得早，
而且很有效。A. painful 痛苦的；B. stressful 有压力的；C. valuable 宝贵的；D. enjoyable 令人愉快的。
根据上下文可知，这是宝贵的一课。故选C。85. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个小小的善意的确能产生大的影响。A. take power 获得权力； B. have
a point 有意义；C. make a difference起作用，产生影响；D. catch attention 吸引注意力。根据上文“ 6
me, Simon had become a different person.(因为我，西蒙完全变了一个人)”可知，此处表示产生影响。故选
C。
6
As is known to us, doing something small makes a difference.
Last night, my husband and I were taking a post-dinner walk in a nearby parking lot, when we saw a man
breaking something with a rock. He was completely 86 his task and didn’t look up at anyone passing by.
We kept 87 him as we walked around the parking lot and talked between ourselves about what he might be
doing. I 88 he was breaking stones to make sand, but why would he do that?
89 , we decided to go up and speak to him. He was 90 pieces of leftover bread that he had
collected from his housemates to make 91 for the birds that come there every morning. The large pieces of
bread would be 92 for the birds to eat, so he ground them into a fine powder with the 93 .
It was moving to hear that he’s been doing this every 94 ,by himself, for the last three or four years.
What 95 us more was that he was surprised we were even taking 96 in this, since for him it
wasn’t a big deal. Every night, he 97 leftover bread from his housemates. He then spends the next one or
two hours in the parking lot crushing each piece of 98 and making a neat pile for the birds, which he
says will be 99 by the next evening. He also 100 fresh water and adds birdseed on top of the
pile.
When we asked him why he does this small and simple act of 101 , he shrugged and said, “It’s just
something 102 I do so that the leftover bread doesn’t go into the 103 and the birds get food.”
We shared his story with the hope that it might remind us to be more 104 with our leftover food.
Perhaps it might 105 someone to do something similar in their own area.
86. A. worried about B. satisfied with C. tired from D. focused on
87. A. questioning B. showing C. noticing D. helping
88. A. discussed B. thought C. wondered D. admitted
89. A. Naturally B. Finally C. Surely D. Patiently
90. A. picking up B. spreading C. breaking up D. piling
91. A. drink B. food C. nests D. desserts
92. A. perfect B. healthy C. enough D. difficult
93. A. rock B. stick C. cage D. rope
94. A. morning B. night C. afternoon D. weekend95. A. moved B. pleased C. confused D. embarrassed
96. A. a role B. part C. an interest D. pride
97. A. buys B. collects C. borrows D. steals
98. A. cake B. chocolate C. bread D. birdseed
99. A. removed B. lost C. discovered D. gone
100. A. leaves B. takes C. drops D. saves
101. A. faith B. choice C. service D. courage
102. A. special B. small C. interesting D. useful
103. A. plate B. ground C. market D. trash
104. A. careful B. content C. patient D. fun
105. A. inspire B. guide C. allow D. require
【答案】
86. D 87. C 88. B 89. B 90. C 91. B 92. D 93. A 94. B 95. A 96.
C 97. B 98. C 99. D 100. A 101. C 102. B 103. D 104. A 105. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。一天晚上作者和丈夫散步的时候，发现一个人在将面包用石头弄碎。作者和丈
夫对此感到好奇，上前询问原因才得知他这样做是为了方便小鸟啄食。他坚持这样做已经三四年了。他
的行为让作者很感动，希望他的故事能够激励我们，去做一些小而简单、但是也能起作用的事情。
86. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他完全专注于他做的事，没有抬头看任何路过的人。A. worried about感到
担心的；B. satisfied with感到满意的；C. tired from感到疲惫的；D. focused on专注于，注意力集中在…上。
根据“didn’t look up at anyone passing by”可知，他注意力都集中在用石头砸碎东西上了。故选D项。
87. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们在停车场里走来走去，彼此谈论他可能在做什么的时候，我们一直
在注意他。A. questioning提问，审问；B. showing显示；C. noticing注意； D. helping帮助。作者不知道
他在用石头砸东西是在做什么，因此就注意他。故选C项。
88. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为他是在把砸碎成沙子。A. discussed讨论；B. thought认为；C.
wondered不知道， 感到疑惑；D. admitted承认。此时作者以为他是将石头砸碎，将石头变成沙子。故选
B项。
89. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们决定上去和他谈谈。A. Naturally自然地；B. Finally最后；C.
Surely当然；D. Patiently耐心地。作者一直感到疑惑，最后还是想问下那个人。故选B项。
90. 考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：他正在把从他的室友那里收集的剩下的面包弄碎，以便给每天
早上来到那里的鸟儿当食物。 A. picking up捡起，拾起；B. spreading 传开；C. breaking up使破碎；D.
piling堆。根据上文“we saw a man breaking something with a rock”可知，那个人是将面包弄碎，以方便鸟
儿吃。故选C项。91. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他正在把从他的室友那里收集的剩下的面包弄碎，以便给每天早上来到那
里的鸟儿当食物。 A. drink饮料；B. food食物；C. nests 巢；D. desserts甜点。
从下一句“for the birds to eat”可知，面包碎是给鸟儿当食物。故选B项。
92. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大块的面包对鸟儿来说吃起来有困难。A. perfect 完美的；B. healthy
健康的； C. enough足够的；D. difficult困难的。按照生活常识，大片的面包不方便鸟儿吃。故选D项。
93. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用石头把它们磨碎。A. rock石头，B. stick棍子；C. cage鸟笼；D. rope
绳子。根据上文 “we saw a man breaking something with a rock”可知，那个人是用石头将面包研磨成碎末。
故选A项。
94. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 听说在过去的三四年里每天晚上他都独自一人做这件事，这让人感动。
A. morning早晨，上午；B. night晚上；C. afternoon下午；D. weekend周末。根据下文“Every night, he
_______ leftover bread from his housemates. He then spends the next one or two hours in the parking lot
crushing….”可知，那个人是每天晚上将室友吃剩的面包收集起来，然后研磨成面包碎，以供鸟儿第二天
早晨来吃。故选B项。
95. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：更让我们感动的是，他惊讶于我们竟然对此感兴趣，因为对他来说，这不
是一个大事 。A. moved使感动；B. pleased使高兴；C. confused使困惑；D. embarrassed使尴尬。根据上
一句“It was moving to hear…”，作者对他每天晚上做这件事很感动，而那个人觉得这根本不是一件什么
了不起的事，这让作者更感动。故选A项。
96. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：更让我们感动的是，他惊讶于我们竟然对此感兴趣，因为对他来说，这不
是一个大事 。 A. a role角色；B. part部分，角色；C. an interest兴趣；D. pride骄傲。短语take an interest
in “对…有兴趣”。作者前去问那个人，表现出作者对他在做的事情感兴趣。选C项。
97. 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 每天晚上，他都从他的室友那里收集剩下的面包。A. buys买；B. collects
收集；C. borrows借；D. steals偷。从上文“He was______ pieces of leftover bread that he had collected from
his housemates”可知，那个人是每天把室友吃剩的面包收集起来。故选B项。
98. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他在停车场花一两个小时把面包弄碎，然后把它们整齐地堆成一堆。
A. cake蛋糕；B. chocolate巧克力；C. bread面包；D. birdseed鸟饵。从上文“He was _____ pieces of
leftover bread”可知，他是将面包弄碎。
故选C项。
99. 考查动词词义辨析。他在停车场花一两个小时把面包弄碎，然后把它们整齐地堆成一堆。他说第二天
傍晚这堆食物就会消失。A. removed移除，除去；B. lost 丢失 ；C. discovered发现；D. gone消失，不
见了。这堆面包碎，鸟儿第二天就会吃完。故选D项。
100. 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 他还留下淡水，并在那堆食物的上面添加鸟饵。A. leaves留下；B. takes拿走；C. drops落下；D. saves节省，救。他留下一些水给鸟儿喝。故选A项。
101. 考查名词词义辨析。句意： 当我们问他为什么要做这种小而简单的服务行为时，他耸耸肩说：“我
做的只是一些小事情，这样剩下的面包就不会扔进垃圾桶里，鸟儿就能得到食物。”A. faith信念；B.
choice选择；C. service服务；D. courage勇气。那个人为鸟儿准备面包碎，是为鸟儿提供服务。故选C项。
102. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们问他为什么要做这种小而简单的服务时，他耸耸肩说：“我做
的只是一些小事情，这样剩下的面包就不会扔进垃圾桶里，鸟儿就能得到食物。”A. special特别的；B.
small小的；C. interesting有趣的；D. useful有用的。根据上一句“this small and simple act of___”可知，他
觉得自己做的是小事。故选B项。
103. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们问他为什么要做这种小而简单的服务时，他耸耸肩说：“ 我做的
只是一些小事情，这样剩下的面包就不会扔进垃圾桶里，鸟儿就能得到食物。”A. plate盘子；B. ground
地面；C. market市场 ；D. trash垃圾桶。根据生活常识，吃剩的食物会被扔进垃圾桶。故选D项。
104. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们分享了他的故事，希望它能提醒我们更小心地对待我们剩下的食
物。 A. careful小心的；B. content满足的；C. patient有耐心的；D. fun乐趣。作者希望我们从那个人的故
事中学会留意如何处理吃剩下的食物。故选A项。
105. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许它会激励人们在自己的领域做类似的事情。A. inspire激励 ；B.
guide指导；C. allow允许；D. require要求。作者希望那个人的故事会激励我们去做有一些小而简单、但
是也能起作用的事情。故选A项。
7
Last week, I had a wisdom tooth (智齿) pulled, which left me swollen and unable to speak. It was very
strange spending a few days in this 106 , but judging from other people’s responses, not as strange as it
was for them.
I thought my husband would be the first to feel upset. I tried to imagine how 107 it must be to have
half of the house go silent. 108 , when I found him in the kitchen at midnight, cooking potatoes for my
recovery and 109 the silence by singing “your lovely swollen face” to the tune of My Humps, I, too, was
surprised, but also 110 .
When I felt 111 I went to my local shop. It still hurt when I moved my face, so when I 112
a friend, I couldn’t say anything. The friend wanted my 113 on a Twitter disagreement that I didn’t seem
bothered. I was not bothered — and it felt good to remember that.
Later I visited my mom, who chatted away as normal. She didn’t even 114 that I was on the silent
mode. This makes me certainly believe that my family role is part 115 , part listener.
People say 116 is golden and that sometimes it is wise to say nothing and to let people reveal (吐
露) themselves. Perhaps that is the 117 of the wisdom tooth. Maybe when they arrive with all theirpain, forcing us —even just for a while—to move our 118 a little less, they give a lesson for living
well: Listen, 119 and try being quiet now and then. Then maybe adulthood won’t be quite like 120
teeth.
106. A. room B. state C. position D. period
107. A. embarrassing B. lively C. pleasant D. frightening
108. A. Finally B. Luckily C. However D. Therefore
109. A. enjoying B. filling C. keeping D. welcoming
110. A. amazed B. annoyed C. disappointed D. touched
111. A. hungry B. weaker C. stronger D. thirsty
112. A. called up B. looked at C. turned to D. ran into
113. A. study B. opinion C. report D. information
114. A. accept B. expect C. hear D. notice
115. A. daughter B. patient C. speaker D. friend
116. A. health B. family C. silence D. love
117. A. lesson B. secret C. treatment D. wisdom
118. A. arms B. eyes C. mouths D. faces
119. A. observe B. smell C. review D. suggest
120. A. cutting B. pulling C. brushing D. losing
【答案】
106. B 107. A 108. C 109. B 110. D 111. C 112. D 113. B 114. D 115.
A 116. C 117. D 118. C 119. A 120. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者通过拔智齿不能说话的经历，得到了一个启迪：沉默是
金。少说，多倾听，多观察。
106. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这种状态下度过几天是非常奇怪的，但从其他人的反应来看，并不像
他们那样奇怪。A. room房间；B. state状态，国家；C. position 位置，职位；D. period期间。根据上文“
had a wisdom tooth (智齿) pulled, which left me swollen and unable to speak.”可知，此处指拔智齿后脸肿不能
说话的状态。故选B。
107. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我试着想象屋子里一半的人都安静下来是多么尴尬的事。A.
embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. lively活泼的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. frightening令人害怕的。根据空后
“it must be to have half of the house go silent.”可知，全家都安安静静不说话这是一件令人尴尬的事。故选
A。
108. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在午夜时分发现他在厨房里为我的康复做土豆，并随着《myHumps》的曲调唱着“你可爱的肿胀的脸”来填补沉默时，我也很惊讶，但也很感动。A. Finally最后；
B. Luckily幸运地；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据空前后“it must be to have half of the house
go silent. 3 ,when I found him in the kitchen at midnight, cooking potatoes for my recovery”，可知，
“沉默”和“做饭”“哼歌”构成一种转折关系。故选C。
109. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在午夜时分发现他在厨房里为我的康复做土豆，并随着《my
Humps》的曲调唱着“你可爱的肿胀的脸”来填补沉默时，我也很惊讶，但也很感动。A. enjoying喜爱；
B. filling填满；C. keeping保持；D. welcoming欢迎。根据空后“singing “your lovely swollen face”to the
tune of My Humps”可知，歌声“填补了”沉默。故选B。
110. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我在午夜时分发现他在厨房里为我的康复做土豆，并随着
《my Humps》的曲调唱着“你可爱的肿胀的脸”来填补沉默时，我也很惊讶，但也很感动。A. amazed感
到惊讶的；B. annoyed感到恼怒的；C. disappointed感到失望的；D. touched感动的。根据“cooking
potatoes for my recovery”和“ singing “your lovely swollen face” ”可知，作者被丈夫的行为感动了。故选
D。
111. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我感觉身体好些了，我就去了附近的商店。A. hungry饥饿的；B.
weaker更弱的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. thirsty渴的。根据空后“I went to my local shop.”可知，作者身体
“好些了”。故选C。
112. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我移动我的脸时，它仍然很疼，所以当我遇到朋友时，我不能说什么。
A. called up打电话；B. looked at看……；C. turned to转向，求助；D. ran into偶然碰见。结合作者去商店
可知，此处指在商店里偶遇朋友。故选D。
113. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位朋友想知道我在Twitter上的意见分歧，但我似乎并不介意。A. study
学习；B. opinion建议；C. report报告；D. information信息。根据空后“on a Twitter disagreement that I
didn’t seem bothered.”可知，此处指和朋友“意见”有分歧。故选B。
114. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她都没注意到我调到了静音模式。A. accept接受；B. expect期盼，预测；
C. hear听见；D. notice注意到。根据空前后“She didn’t even 9 that I was on the silent mode.”可知，
此处指她没有“注意到”。故选D。
115. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这让我确信我的家庭角色是半女儿，半倾听。A. daughter女儿；B.
patient病人；C. speaker演讲者；D. friend朋友。根据空前“my family role”可知，这里指“女儿”这一家
庭角色。故选A。
116. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们说沉默是金，有时沉默是明智的，让人们暴露自己。A. health健康；
B. family家庭；C. silence沉默；D. love爱。根据空前后“ to say nothing and to let people reveal (吐
露)themselves”可知，此处指“沉默是金”。故选C。117. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许这就是智齿的智慧吧。A. lesson功课，教训；B. secret秘密；
C. treatment治疗；D. wisdom明智，智慧。根据空前后“Perhaps that is the 1 2 of the wisdom
tooth.”可知，此处指“智慧”。故选D。
118. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许当它们带着所有的痛苦到来，迫使我们——即使只是一会儿——少
动我们的嘴巴时，他们给了我们一个良好生活的教训：倾听，观察，试着时不时地保持安静。A. arms胳
膊；B. eyes眼睛；C. mouths嘴；D. faces脸。结合作者拔智齿的经历可知，此处指少动“嘴”，多倾听。
故选C。
119. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许当它们带着所有的痛苦到来，迫使我们——即使只是一会儿——少
动我们的嘴巴时，他们给了我们一个良好生活的教训:倾听，观察，试着时不时地保持安静。A. observe观
察；B. smell闻起来；C. review评论，回顾，复习；D. suggest建议。根据上文“ to let people reveal (吐
露) themselves.”可知，有时我们可以少说话，通过观察来了解别人。故选A。
120. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那也许成年就不像拔牙了。A. cutting切割；B. pulling拉；C. brushing梳
理；D. losing丢失。呼应第一段的“Last week, I had a wisdom tooth (智齿) pulled, which left me swollen and
unable to speak.”可知，此处指“拔”牙。故选B。
8
Esther encourages her two kids to make crafts and drawings from old bits of packaging. She began 121
her family’s wastage when she moved house and decided that she would leave all single-use 122 behind and
buy everything she need from second-hand shops.
She said, “It’s cheaper and you know that the items will 123 being used instead of being set aside — so
it’s just perfect! Each of us plays a big 124 in taking care of the environment. It’s 125 to try to help
rather than just keep complaining about the current situation.”
Any glass container is 126 and repurposed for something else. This means that the family only send a
piece of 127 to landfill every two weeks on average. She tries not to buy any plastic at all, but when she
does, she will get it 128 washed and recycled.
The family also grow their own tomatoes, lettuce, and some other vegetables in the garden, and have orange
trees outdoors. Esther has also 129 herself in a community of friends who 130 items with each other
that they need, like furniture or plates.
She said, “We tried to use the minimum 131 and take some toys and baby equipment from friends
and relatives. If we really had to 132 anything, first we tried at the 133 market.”
To educate her kids, Esther takes them out on nature walks to the forest where they 134 rubbish as
they go.” They enjoy this 135 , because they know it’s better for the environment,” she said.
121. A. considering B. reducing C. increasing D. dividing122. A. bins B. chopsticks C. items D. collections
123. A. continue B. avoid C. deny D. delay
124. A. game B. lead C. match D. role
125. A. useless B. enjoyable C. cautious D. normal
126. A. attended to B. left out C. washed up D. taken away
127. A. equipment B. furniture C. glass D. rubbish
128. A. thoroughly B. partly C. mostly D. casually
129. A. devoted B. found C. exposed D. buried
130. A. create B. trade C. discuss D. clarify
131. A. necessary B. valuable C. ordinary D. possible
132. A. purchase B. recycle C. decrease D. preserve
133. A. far-away B. duty-free C. second-hand D. open-air
134. A. put out B. pick up C. throw away D. keep off
135. A. activity B. idea C. theme D. jungle
【答案】
121. B 122. C 123. A 124. D 125. B 126. C 127. D 128. A 129. B
130. B 131. D 132. A 133. C 134. B 135. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述劳拉的一家身体力行，从小事做起，以教育孩子为先，
来实现环保节能。
121. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她搬家时，她开始减少家里的垃圾，并决定把所有的一次性物品都留
下并从二手店买她需要的东西。A. considering考虑；B. reducing减少；C. increasing增加；D. dividing分
开。根据上文“Laura encourages her two kids to make crafts and drawings from old bits of packaging.”可知，
劳拉是一个很注意利用废弃物，变废为宝的人，所以这里指她不抛弃能够用的物品，“减少”垃圾即不
制造垃圾，能够用的东西都用上。故选B项。
122. 考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. bins垃圾箱；B.chopsticks筷子；C. items物品；D.
collections收藏品。根据上文“all single-use”和下文“It’s cheaper and you know that the item...”可知，这里
是指离开时留下所有一次性的“物品”的泛指，而不是指具体的某一件东西。故选C项。
123. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这很便宜，并且，你知道的，这些东西会被继续使用，而不是被搁置起
来——所以这太完美了！A. continue继续；B. avoid避免；C. deny否认；D. delay推迟。根据下文“being
used instead of being set aside”可知，这些东西会被“继续”利用以避免浪费。故选A项。
124. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人在保护环境方面都扮演着重要的角色。A. game游戏；B. lead
领导；C. match比赛；D. role角色。根据下文“It’s 5 to try to help rather than just keep complaining aboutthe current situation.”可知，劳拉认为：在保护环境方面，人人有责任，故在她看来，我们每个人都能起作
用，play a big role in“在……方面起重要作用”，符合题意。故选D项。
125. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试图帮助而不是一味抱怨现状是一件令人愉快的事。A. useless没用的；
B. enjoyable令人愉悦的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“to try to help rather than just
keep complaining about the current situation”可知，在劳拉看来，保护环境，爱护身边的环境是一种享受，
是“令人感到快乐的”事情，而不是一种负担或其它的感受。故选B项。
126. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有的玻璃容器都被洗干净，用作其它用途。A. attended to照顾；B. left
out遗漏；C. washed up洗干净；D. taken away带走。根据下文“repurposed for something else”可知，因为
还要被再次利用，故应是先被“清洗干净”。故选C项。
127. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着这家人平均每两周只送一袋垃圾到垃圾填埋场。A. equipment设
备；B. furniture家具；C. glass玻璃；D. rubbish垃圾。根据下文“to landfill”可知，他们是送“垃圾”到
垃圾填埋场。故选D项。
128. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她尽量不买任何塑料制品，但一旦买了，她会彻底清洗并回收。A.
thoroughly彻底地；B.partly部分地；C. mostly大多数地；D. casually随意地。根据上文“She tries not to
buy any plastic at all”以及下文可知，因为塑料制品污染严重，所以，当避免不了要买时，就应被“彻底
地”清洗干净并循环利用。故选A项。
129. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：劳拉还发现自己在一个朋友圈里，他们互相交换自己需要的物品，比如
家具或盘子。A. devoted奉献；B. found发现；C. exposed暴露；D. buried埋。根据下文“herself in a
community of friends who 10 items with each other that they need”可知，劳拉经常参加这样的活动。find
oneself... 是一个固定用法，意即“发现自己处在某种状态；不知不觉的”，符合语境。故选B项。
130. 考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. create创造；B. trade用……进行交换；C. discuss讨论；D.
clarify澄清。根据下文“with each other that they need”可知，这里指互换以至不浪费。故选B项。
131. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们尽可能的少用，还从亲戚朋友那里接手了一些玩具和婴儿用品。
A. necessary必要的；B. valuable有价值的；C. ordinary普通的；D. possible可能的。根据上文“minimum”
可知，劳拉是尽可能的少用。句中minimum是动词use的宾语，而possible是其后置定语，possible的意
思是“（尽）可能的（最少量的）”，符合语境。故选D项。
132. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们真的需要购买任何东西，首先我们会在二手市场尝试。A.
purchase购买；B. recycle回收；C. decrease减少；D. preserve保存。根据下文“first we tried at the 13
market”可知，去市场是要“购买”一些东西。这是与上文一物多次利用和与他人交换使用相对应的行为，
即：不得不购买时。故选A项。
133. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. far-away遥远的；B. duty-free免税的；C. second-hand二手的；D.open-air露天的。根据上文“Laura has also 9 herself in a community of friends who 10
items with each other that they need, like furniture or plates.”和“We tried to use the 11 and take over some toys
and baby equipment from friends and relatives.”可知，劳拉是很节俭的人，所以为了节省，去“二手市场”
当然更符合情理，故选C项。
134. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了更好地教育孩子，劳拉带他们去森林里散步，在那里他们一边走一
边捡垃圾。A. pull out驶出；B. pick up捡起；C. throw away扔掉；D. keep off远离。根据上文“To help
educate her kids, Laura takes them out on nature walks to the forest”可知，劳拉他们这样做是为了教育孩子们，
所以应该是在森林里“捡”垃圾。故选B项。
135. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢这项活动，因为他们知道这对环境更好。A. activity活动；B.
idea想法；C. theme主题；D. jungle丛林。根据上文“To help educate her kids, Laura takes them out on
nature walks to the forest where they 14 rubbish as they go.”可知，这里指的是劳拉带他们去森林里散步并
一起捡垃圾这个“活动”。故选A项。
9
When my sisters and brother and I were little, we took naps. We did not have to sleep every time, but we
were expected to go to our rooms and be 136 for at least an hour.
The summer I was seven, I was 137 to take my naps in a tree in the orchard. Everybody knew I
liked being outside better than 138 .
I had a favorite apple tree in the orchard, the place I went to when I wanted to be alone and 139 .
This tree became my “nap tree” even though I never 140 fell asleep in it.
During my nap times, I 141 to roost in the tree, the way a bird sits on a nest. I learned to keep
still enough that 142 visitors, such as sparrows and magpies, came to 143 in the tree the
same way they always had.
One afternoon I 144 the tree as usual, grabbing branches and placing my feet carefully until I was
comfortable. Then I searched the leaves for whatever creature might be 145 and was astonished to
meet the wide-eyed 146 of a great horned owl. The owl 147 for one second before it lifted
its wings and dropped away into space. I 148 watched it go, praying it would return.
After that, I climbed into the tree every day hoping to see the owl. Several times it flew close, but 149
when it saw me.
I began to spend more than my official nap hour in the tree. I imagined I would make myself so 150
to the tree that the owl would not take offense at my being there. I had a great desire to 151 the owl that
it was safe to come back.
One day the owl did return, and this time it 152 . The owl landed on a thick 153 andheld it with her claws. She pressed her 154 to her sides and settled down. We 155 the tree
as if we had done so all our lives.
136. A. still B. quiet C. calm D. silent
137. A. allowed B. requested C. ordered D. demanded
138. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing
139. A. grateful B. careful C. delightful D. peaceful
140. A. finally B. immediately C. actually D. smoothly
141. A. decided B. pretended C. tried D. tended
142. A. regular B. enthusiastic C. rare D. normal
143. A. arrive B. rest C. settle D. nest
144. A. protected B. visited C. reached D. climbed
145. A. clumsy B. obvious C. present D. asleep
146. A. look B. attack C. stare D. arrival
147. A. wandered B. stayed C. waited D. hesitated
148. A. just B. already C. ever D. even
149. A. switched off B. ran off C. set off D. flew off
150. A. common B. natural C. typical D. friendly
151. A. remind B. warn C. convince D. inform
152. A. stayed B. lasted C. escaped D. continued
153. A. spot B. leave C. forest D. branch
154. A. wings B. feet C. ears D. claws
155. A. enjoyed B. shared C. survived D. helped
【答案】
136. B 137. A 138. C 139. D 140. C 141. B 142. A 143. B 144. D
145. C 146. C 147. D 148. A 149. D 150. B 151. C 152. A 153. D
154. A 155. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候在果园的苹果树上寻找小动物时，发现了一只猫
头鹰，它一开始看到作者便飞走了，而作者很希望能再看到猫头鹰，于是每天爬上树，直到某一天猫头
鹰愿意落在树枝上休息，和作者共享同一棵树。
136. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不必每次都睡觉，但我们要回到自己的房间，至少安静一个小时。
A. still静止的；B. quiet安静的；C. calm平静的；D. silent沉默的。根据上文“We did not have to sleep
every time, but we were expected to go to our rooms and be”可知but表示转折，说明虽然不必每次都睡觉，但是必须在这段时间里保持安静。故选B。
137. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我七岁那年的夏天，父母允许我在果园的一棵树上午睡。A. allowed允许；
B. requested要求；C. ordered命令；D. demanded要求。根据后文“to take my naps in a tree in the orchard”
可知作者被允许在果园里午睡。故选A。
138. 考查不定代词辨析。句意：大家都知道我最喜欢待在户外。A. everything一切；B. something某事；
C. anything任何事；D. nothing没有什么。根据上文“Everybody knew I liked being outside better than”可知
为短语better than anything“胜于一切，最喜欢”。故选C。
139. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在果园里有一棵最喜欢的苹果树，那是我想独处、想安静时就会去
的地方。A. grateful感激的；B. careful仔细的；C. delightful可爱的；D. peaceful安静的。结合上文“I
wanted to be alone and”可知作者想独处、安静时就会去苹果树那里。故选D。
140. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这棵树成了我的“午睡树”，尽管我实际上从来没有在上面睡着过。A.
finally终于；B. immediately立即；C. actually实际上；D. smoothly顺利地。结合上文“This tree became
my “nap tree” even though I never”可知even though表示“尽管”，说明虽然把这棵树叫作“午睡树”但是
实际上从来没有在上面午睡过。故选C。
141. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我午睡的时候，我假装栖息在树上，就像鸟儿栖息在鸟巢里一样。A.
decided决定；B. pretended假装；C. tried尝试；D. tended趋向。根据后文“to roost in the tree, the way a
bird sits on a nest”可知，作者假装像鸟儿栖息在鸟巢里一样，栖息在树上，pretend to do sth.“假装做某事”。
故选B。
142. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我学会了保持一动不动，让经常来访的鸟儿，比如麻雀和喜鹊，像往
常一样停在树上休息。A. regular经常的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. rare罕见的；D. normal正常的。根据
后文“ the same way they always had”可知麻雀和喜鹊这些动物它们是树上经常来访的鸟儿。故选A。
143. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我学会了保持一动不动，让经常来访的鸟儿，比如麻雀和喜鹊，像往常
一样停在树上休息。A. arrive到达；B. rest休息；C. settle解决；D. nest筑巢。根据常识，鸟儿来树上是
为了休息。故选B。
144. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，我像往常一样爬上了树，抓住树枝，小心翼翼地把脚放好，
直到我觉得舒服为止。A. protected保护；B. visited拜访；C. reached到达；D. climbed攀爬，攀登。根据
后文“he tree as usual, grabbing branches”可知作者像往常一样爬上了树，也呼应后文“I climbed into the
tree every day hoping to see the owl”。故选D。
145. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，我在树叶上搜寻可能存在的任何生物，惊讶地发现一只大角猫
头鹰睁大眼睛瞪着我。A. clumsy笨拙的；B. obvious明显的；C. present存在的；D. asleep睡着的。根据
上文“I searched the leaves for whatever creature might be”可知作者在树叶上搜寻可能存在的生物，present符合语境。故选C。
146. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，我在树叶上搜寻可能存在的任何生物，惊讶地发现一只大角猫头
鹰睁大眼睛瞪着我。A. look样子；B. attack攻击；C. stare凝视；D. arrival到达。结合上文“was
astonished to meet the wide-eyed”可知，作者在找动物时，意外发现一只猫头鹰睁大眼睛看着自己，很惊讶。
故选C。
147. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：猫头鹰犹豫了一秒钟，才抬起翅膀，飞向空中。A. wandered徘徊；B.
stayed停留；C. waited等待；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“for one second before it lifted its wings”可知猫头
鹰看到作者，先是犹豫了一秒钟，然后就飞走了。故选D。
148. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我只是看着它离开，祈祷它能回来。A. just只是；B. already已经；C.
ever曾经；D. even甚至。根据后文“watched it go, praying it would return.”可知猫头鹰飞走了，作者只能
在树上眼睁睁看着，祈祷它还会回来。故选A。
149. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有几次它飞得很近，但当它看到我时就飞走了。A. switched off关掉；B.
ran off逃跑；C. set off出发；D. flew off飞走。根据上文“Several times it flew close, but”可知but表示转折，
说明猫头鹰看到作者就飞走了。故选D。
150. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想，我应该让自己和树自然融入，猫头鹰不会因为我在那里而有所
戒备。A. common普通的；B. natural自然的；C. typical典型的；D. friendly友好的。根据后文“to the tree
that the owl would not take offense at my being there”可知，作者想要和树融为一体，看起来很自然，让猫头
鹰对自己没那么防备。故选B。
151. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很想让猫头鹰相信可以安全地回来。A. remind提醒；B. warn警告；C.
convince说服，使相信；D. inform通知。根据后文“the owl that it was safe to come back.”可知作者所做的
一切都是想让猫头鹰相信树上很安全，它可以回来。故选C。
152. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天猫头鹰真的回来了，这次它留了下来。A. stayed停留；B. lasted
持续；C. escaped逃跑；D. continued继续。根据后文“The owl landed on a thick”猫头鹰落到了树枝上，可
见它这次留在了树上，没有飞走。故选A。
153. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：猫头鹰落在一根粗树枝上，用爪子抓住树枝。A. spot发现；B. leave离开；
C. forest森林；D. branch树枝。结合上文“The owl landed on a thick”可知猫头鹰是落在粗树枝上，故选
D。
154. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把翅膀按在身体两侧，安定了下来。A. wings翅膀；B. feet脚；C. ears
耳朵；D. claws爪子。根据后文“to her sides and settled down”可知猫头鹰决定留下休息了，所以它把翅膀
收在了身侧。故选A。
155. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享这棵树，就像我们一生都在分享一样。A. enjoyed欣赏；B.shared共享；C. survived幸存；D. helped帮助。根据后文“the tree as if we had done so all our lives”可知猫
头鹰愿意留下了，于是它和作者共享同一棵苹果树。故选B。
10
Twenty years ago, I was told a story of Little Brother at a party which has delighted and inspired me ever
since.
Little Brother, who was an ambitious painter and trying to be an artist, went to France to 156
himself with beauty and inspiration. One afternoon, he 157 a conversation in a cafe with a group of
charming young people. They took a liking to Little Brother and invited him to a party that weekend in a 158
in the Loire Valley. It would be 159 by the rich and famous and by several crowned heads of Europe.
Best of all, it was a masquerade ball (假面舞会).
160 , Little Brother worked all week on a costume and held back on neither the details nor the
craziness of this creation. Then he rented a car and drove three hours to the castle. Little Brother entered the
ballroom, head 161 high.
Upon which he immediately realized his 162 .
This was 163 a costume party but he had missed one 164 in translation: This was a
themed costume party. The theme was “a medieval (中世纪的) court” 165 Little Brother was dressed
as a lobster (龙虾).
He stood at the top of the steps for one long, horrible moment. Running away in 166 seemed
like the most dignified (有尊严的) response. But he didn’t run. 167 , he found his solution. He’d
come this far, after all. He’d worked tremendously hard to make this costume, and he was 168 of it.
He took a deep breath and walked onto the dance floor.
As he moved into the crowd, a silence 169 . The other guests gathered around Little Brother.
Finally someone asked him what on earth he was.
Little Brother bowed deeply and 170 , “I am the court lobster.”
Then: laughter.
Not ridicule — just 171 . They loved him. They loved his sweetness, his weirdness, his giant red
claws, his skinny legs in his bright tights. He was the happy clown among them, and he 172 the
party. Little Brother even ended up dancing with the queen of Belgium.
I have never created anything in my life that did not make me feel like I was the guy who just walked into a
fancy ball wearing a homemade lobster costume. But you must 173 walk into that room, and you
must hold your head high. Never 174 for it, never explain it away, and never be ashamed of it. You
did your best with what you knew, and you worked with what you had, in the time you were given.Sometimes it’s like that. What you absolutely must not do is walk out. Otherwise you will miss the party, and
that would be a pity 175 we did not come all this great distance, and make all this great effort, only to
miss the party at the last moment.
156. A. occupy B. surround C. content D. busy
157. A. started up B. put up C. followed up D. drew up
158. A. resort B. palace C. reserve D. castle
159. A. constructed B. exploited C. attended D. inspired
160. A. Excited B. Tired C. Frustrated D. Terrified
161. A. pulled B. reached C. stuck D. held
162. A. dream B. ambition C. mistake D. potential
163. A. otherwise B. indeed C. yet D. just
164. A. account B. detail C. description D. expression
165. A. when B. until C. while D. as
166. A. surprise B. relief C. peace D. shame
167. A. Somehow B. Anyway C. Meanwhile D. Therefore
168. A. ignorant B. sceptical C. proud D. tolerant
169. A. exploded B. fell C. approached D. deepened
170. A. admitted B. defined C. whispered D. announced
171. A. hatred B. praise C. trust D. joy
172. A. made B. organized C. threw D. hosted
173. A. stubbornly B. swiftly C. cautiously D. quietly
174. A. search B. apologize C. wish D. push
175. A. although B. once C. because D. unless
【答案】
156. B 157. A 158. D 159. C 160. A 161. D 162. C 163. B 164. B
165. C 166. D 167. A 168. C 169. B 170. D 171. D 172. A 173. A
174. B 175. C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。一个人应邀参加一次很重要的舞会，结果他却领会错了舞会的主题，
所以着装非常不妥。但是他却凭借自己应变能力和特殊才艺，将自己的错误变为优势，使晚会更加成功。
作者想要告诉我们这样一个道理，不要遇到问题就退缩，而是要另辟蹊径，找到解决问题的方法。
156. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：弟弟是一个有抱负的画家，想成为一名艺术家，去了法国，让自己沉浸
在美丽和灵感之中。A. occupy占据；B. surround围绕；C. content使满意；D. busy忙于。surround...with...的本义是“让……围绕着……”，符合语境，在这里指让自己处于法国美景之中。故选B项。
157. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一天下午，他在一家咖啡馆里和一群迷人的年轻人攀谈起来。A.
started up开始；B. put up举起；C. followed up跟踪；D. drew up草拟。根据空格后面的“conversation”可
知，A项符合语境，即他与一群年轻人进行交谈。故选A项。
158. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们喜欢上了小兄弟，并邀请他那个周末去卢瓦尔河谷的一座城堡参加
聚会。A. resort度假胜地；B. palace宫殿；C. reserve储备; D. castle城堡。根据第三段第二句话中的
“castle”可知，D项正确，即他们将在城堡里举行舞会。故选D项。
159. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：出席会议的有富人和名人，还有几位欧洲君主。A. constructed建造；B.
exploited开发；C. attended参加；D. inspired鼓励。根据“by the rich and famous and by several crowned
heads of Europe.”得知，这里指参加晚会的人都是一些富人或名人。故选C项。
160. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小弟兴奋地花了整整一周的时间来设计服装，对细节和疯狂的创作都
毫不隐瞒。A. Excited激动的；B. Tired累的；C. Frustrated沮丧的；D. Terrified可怕的。根据上下文语境
可知，他是应邀参加一个比较重要的舞会的，当然是感到很激动。故选A项。
161. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小弟昂着头走进舞厅。A. pulled拉；B. reached到达；C. stuck刺入；D.
held握住。hold one’s head high为固定搭配，意为“高昂着头”，符合语境。故选D项。
162. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他一到舞会现场，他立刻意识到自己的错误。A. dream梦；B. ambition
雄心；C. mistake错误；D. potential可能性。根据“ but he had missed one 9 in
translation: ”下文内容可知，他领会错了舞会的主题，因而化错了妆，所以C项符合语境，即他一到舞会
现场，就发现自己错了。故选C项。
163. 考查副词词义辨析。句意: 这确实是一场化妆舞会，但他漏掉了一个细节。A. otherwise否则；B.
indeed实际上；C. yet然而；D. just刚刚。“This was a themed costume party. ”此处指的是实际上是一场化
妆舞会。故选B项。
164. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这确实是一场化妆舞会，但他漏掉了一个细节。A. account账户；B.
detail细节；C. description描述；D. expression表达。translation常见的意思为“翻译”，在这里指“理
解”的意思，符合语境，即他没有理解其中的一个细节，所以化妆化错了。故选B项。
165. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：主题是“一个中世纪的宫廷”，而小兄弟打扮成一只龙虾。A. when当；
B. until直到；C. while当；D. as随着。根据句意，前后是对比关系，while在这里意为“而”，表示前后
内容对比。故选C项。
166. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时候，如果他羞愧地离开晚会，似乎是最体面的做法。A. surprise惊讶；
B. relief放松；C. peace和平；D. shame羞愧。他化妆失误，应该是感到羞愧。故选D项。
167. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么地，他没有仓皇逃离晚会现场，而是大方地走进了会场。A.Somehow不知怎么地；B. Anyway无论如何；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Therefore因此。根据“
Running away in 11 seemed like the most dignified (有尊严的) response.”，本句说他
本应该离开晚会现场，但是却大方地走进会场，此处表示一种疑惑。故选A项。
168. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他为自己这套（龙虾）服装的设计感到自豪。A. ignorant忽视的；B.
sceptical怀疑的；C. proud自豪；D. tolerant忍受的。根据前文“He’d worked tremendously hard to make
this costume，”可知，他花费了很多心思和时间来做这个服装，所以为自己感到自豪。故选C项。
169. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他走进人群时，一片寂静。A. exploded探索；B. fell掉落；突然出现；
C. approached前进；D. deepened加深。根据“ Finally someone asked him what on earth he was.”可知，最
后才有人说话，之前大家一直沉默，这里的fall是“突然出现”的意思。故选B项。
170. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：小弟深深鞠了一躬，宣布道:“我是宫廷龙虾。”A. admitted承认；B.
defined下定义；C. whispered低语；D. announced宣布。根据“ Finally someone asked him what on earth he
was.”后面是他的回答，他在宣布。故选D项。
171. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是嘲笑，只是欢乐。A. hatred憎恨；B. praise夸赞；C. trust信任；D.
joy快乐。根据上下文语境可知，joy与后面的love相对应，即人们大声笑起来，并不是在嘲笑他，而是
因为高兴才大笑的。故选D项。
172. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是他们当中快乐的小丑，而且他成功了。A. made制造；使成功；B.
organized组织；C. threw扔；D. hosted举办。made在这里为“使成功；使圆满”之意，符合语境，即他
的表演是晚会很成功。故选A项。
173. 考查副词词义辨析。句意: 但你必须固执地走进那个房间，你必须昂首挺胸。A. stubbornly顽固地；
B. swiftly敏捷地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. quietly安静地。此处表示即使穿错了衣服，也依然要固执地走
进房间。故选A项。
174. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：永远不要为它道歉，永远不要为它辩解，永远不要为它感到羞耻。A.
search寻找；B. apologize道歉；C. wish希望；D. push推。即不需要因为一点错误而退缩，也不需要道歉，
你只要发挥自己的强项便可以了。根据“ never explain it away, and never be ashamed of it. ”可知，不要道
歉。故选B项。
175. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：否则你就会错过这次聚会，那就太遗憾了，因为我们没有走这么远。A.
although尽管；B. once曾经；C. because因为；D. unless除非。根据“that would be a pity 20
we did not come all this great distance,”可知，这句话前后为因果关系，因此because符合语境。故选C项。
11
Last May I bought some sweet potatoes for food. Several days later, a tuber (块茎) left in the kitchen was
sprouting (发芽). I 176 the tuber into a pot hoping that it might take root and produce something thatcould be put on the dinner table.
177 , the tuber did take root and began to grow. In the following months I 178 it when
necessary and it grew very well. One day. I decided to harvest. I pulled out the plant, which took some 179
and began to dig with my fingers to see if there was any tuber in the pot.
When my fingers could almost touch the 180 of the pot, I took the root and pulled it carefully, for
the potato could break easily. As almost no earth was left, I tried to pull but I failed to lift it up. In 181 .
I pushed the pot over and found the root was outside the pot! It had grown through one of the holes in the bottom
of the pot.
Then and there I changed my opinion of this plant, for the seemingly weak plant gained the 182 of
me.
Very carefully I emptied all the soil out of the pot, 183 the root might be harmed or broken.
Holding the root. I was deep in thought. The root outside the pot looked like a 184 and strong finger of
an old farmer who had fought his way to make a living. The end of the root was dark gray and 185 .
Obviously, the peel must have been removed during its struggle with the 186 of the heavy pot. It
struck me that the tuber, though seriously 187 , had struggled hard and it seemed that it had never
188 . Such is a sweet potato, an ordinary-looking plant with 189 characteristics. It managed to
grow where I thought it was almost impossible to 190 .
176. A. cut B. cooked C. accessed D. put
177. A. Surprisingly B. Sadly C. Awfully D. Unluckily
178. A. threw B. watered C. gathered D. inspired
179. A. scent B. relief C. effort D. talent
180. A. button B. net C. bottom D. top
181. A. puzzlement B. shame C. excitement D. silence
182. A. respect B. energy C. grace D. reward
183. A. clapping B. fearing C. insisting D. proving
184. A. tidy B. private C. thick D. clean
185. A. skinless B. useless C. faceless D. endless
186. A. target B. defense C. nature D. pressure
187. A. destroyed B. polluted C. wounded D. attacked
188. A. given in B. found out C. taken off D. set off
189. A. horrible B. gentle C. previous D. tough
190. A. rest B. exist C. roast D. perform【答案】
176. D 177. A 178. B 179. C 180. C 181. A 182. A 183. B 184. C
185. A 186. D 187. C 188. A 189. D 190. B
【原文】这是一篇记叙文。作者随手培育了一块发芽的红薯块，却意外发现它从陶盆底部的洞外生了根，
而且生长得很粗壮。作者由此感叹：外表看似柔弱的东西实则有着顽强的生命力。
176. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把这个红薯块放进了一个陶盆里，希望它可以生根并且结果，这样我
就可以把它端上饭桌。A. cut剪短；B. cooked烹饪；C. accessed访问；D. put放。根据本句话的“into a
pot”以及“produce something”可知，作者应将红薯块放进陶盆内部，这样红薯块才能成长结果。故选D
项。
177. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，这个红薯块确实生了根并开始成长。A. Surprisingly惊讶
地；B. Sadly伤心地；C. Awfully糟糕地；D. Unluckily不幸地。根据本句话的“the tuber did take root”可知，
作者在强调红薯块的确生根了这件事，突出了语气中的惊讶。故选A项。
178. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几个月内，当有必要时我就会给它浇水，所以它长得非常好。
A. threw扔；B. watered灌溉；C. gathered聚集；D. inspired鼓舞。根据本句话的“and it grew very well”可
知，作者将红薯块放进陶盆后一直照顾它，才能够长得很好，结合上下文应该是给其浇水。故选B项。
179. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我拉出了这个花了些力气的植物，并且开始用我的手指去看这个陶盆里
到底有没有块茎。A. scent气味；B. relief缓解；C. effort努力；D. talent天赋。根据上文“I pulled out the
plant”，可知是我费力的把它拉出来去查看。故选C项。
180. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的手指刚可以碰到陶盆的底部时，我就握着它的根部然后小心地拉
了出来，因为红薯很容易碎。A. button按钮；B. net网；C. bottom底部；D. top顶部。根据后文“I pushed
the pot over and found the root was outside the pot! It had grown through one of the holes in the bottom of the
pot.”可知，这个陶盆的底部有一些洞，红薯块从洞中出去在外生了根，因此，我是将手伸到了陶盆的底
部去找块茎。故选C项。
181. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很迷惑。A. puzzlement迷惑；B. shame羞耻；C. excitement激动；D.
silence寂静。根据前文“As almost no earth was left, I tried to pull but I failed to lift it up.”可知，我在土剩不
多的时候想要把块茎整个拉出来，但是却没有抬起来，因此，我当时的第一反应应该是很疑惑。故选A
项。
182. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我改变了对这种植物的看法，因为这种看似脆弱的植物赢得了我的
尊重。A. respect尊敬；B. energy精力；C. grace优雅；D. reward奖励。根据后文“Holding the root. I was
deep in thought.”及“had struggled hard”可知，这株植物的根长得很结实，并且很有生命力，所以我对它产
生了敬意。故选A项。183. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常小心地把陶盆中的土挖空了，害怕伤害到或者弄断它的根。A.
clapping鼓掌；B. fearing害怕；C. insisting坚持；D. proving证明。根据前文“I took the root and pulled it
carefully, for the potato could break easily.”可知，这株植物因为刚长好，很容易被弄断，所以我很担心。故
选B项。
184. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：陶盆外的根看起来像一个挣扎存活的老农夫的手指，又粗又壮。A.
tidy整洁的；B. private私人的；C. thick粗的；D. clean干净的。根据本句话及后文可知，红薯块的根茎长
得十分茁壮。故选C项。
185. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个根的尾端是深灰色且无皮的。A. skinless无皮的；B. useless没用
的；C. faceless无个性的；D. endless无止境的。根据后文“the peel must have been removed”可知，作者根
据块茎的根生长情况判断，根部的外皮应是被磨光了。故选A项。
186. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然地，它的外皮一定在与这个很沉的陶盆相抗争时被去除了。A. target
目标；B. defense防御；C. nature自然；D. pressure压力。根据前文可知，红薯块的根长在了陶盆以下，
它要承受来自陶盆的重量和压力。故选D项。
187. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到这个块茎，尽管伤得很严重，但仍然挣扎着并且它似乎从未
屈服过。A. destroyed毁灭；B. polluted污染；C. wounded受伤；D. attacked袭击。根据前文可知，块茎的
根部长期被陶盆压住导致其脱皮，因此是受到了损伤。故选C项。
188. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我突然想到这个块茎，尽管伤得很严重，但仍然挣扎着并且它似乎从未
屈服过。A. given in屈服；B. found out查明；C. taken off起飞；D. set off动身。根据前文可知，块茎虽然
受了伤，但还是很坚韧地成长，从未屈服。故选A项。
189. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是红薯，一种看起来很普通但却有着坚韧特性的植物。A. horrible
可怕的；B. gentle柔和的；C. previous以前的；D. tough艰难的。根据前文可知，块茎虽然伤得很严重，
但仍然挣扎存活着，体现出它坚韧的品质。故选D项。
190. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它设法在我认为是几乎不可能生存的地方生长着。A. rest休息；B. exist
存在；C. roast烤；D. perform表演。根据前文可知，作者根本没想到红薯块的根会有如此强大的生命力
而穿过陶盆底部的洞去生存，因为作者认为陶盆外面本是不适合生长的地方。故选B项。
12
The Mutianyu section of the Great Wall was the part of the Great Wall I liked to visit. 191 , one day in
May 2000, I chose something wilder, more 192 : Simatai. This section of the Great Wall has far fewer
visitors than most other sections of the wall.
At the entrance to Simatai was a group of vendors (小贩) trying to 193 postcards. One tiny old lady
seemed to 194 me wherever I went, and I was becoming increasingly 195 . “How many timesdoes it take for ‘No!' to sink in?” I thought. I finally ended up running away just to 196 this tiny woman.
Once I caught sight of the Great Wall, 197 overtook me, and the tiny old lady with the postcards
198 from my thoughts. I raced up the Great Wall 199 . Then, halfway up, I stopped and suddenly
realised I was rushing along a 200 “path” no wider than a meter. There were 201 “walls” —
only steep drops on either side. I remembered then that 202 had fallen to their deaths in this section. I
was so fearful that I 203 there completely stock-still.
Suddenly, I felt a small hand on my back and a 204 voice telling me, in Chinese, not to be 205
, that she would slowly lead me to the top. Half an hour later, we 206 a section that had a few remnants
(剩余的小部分) of the wall. I was able to turn around to see who had given such 207 to me in my hour
of greatest 208 . It was the tiny old lady I'd told a dozen times — eventually shouting at her — that I
didn't want any 209 . I felt really 210 of myself. I gave her a big hug, and then later bought
every one of her postcards.
191. A. Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides
192. A. pleasant B. important C. popular D. challenging
193. A. sell B. count C. write D. collect
194. A. support B. follow C. need D. protect
195. A. puzzled B. upset C. lonely D. active
196. A. meet B. help C. escape D. greet
197. A. doubt B. surprise C. nervousness D. excitement
198. A. learned B. benefited C. disappeared D. suffered
199. A. recently B. impatiently C. secretly D. immediately
200. A. familiar B. dangerous C. correct D. crowded
201. A. no B. some C. enough D. many
202. A. shoppers B. owners C. vendors D. tourists
203. A. hid B. sat C. lay D. stood
204. A. silly B. female C. sleepy D. childish
205. A. afraid B. sorry C. lazy D. shy
206. A. left B. crossed C. avoided D. reached
207. A. friendship B. experience C. kindness D. imagination
208. A. pain B. fear C. anger D. regret
209. A. guides B. routes C. postcards D. foods
210. A. proud B. certain C. careful D. ashamed【答案】
191. B 192. D 193. A 194. B 195. B 196. C 197. D 198. C 199. D
200. B 201. A 202. D 203. D 204. B 205. A 206. D 207. C 208. B
209. C 210. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者想从司马台登长城，在长城脚下一位兜售明信片的小个子妇女一直跟
随着他，摆脱了她以后作者开始攀登长城，在最危险的时候正是这位被他多次拒绝的小个子妇女最终帮
助了我，这让他非常羞愧。
191. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在2000年5月的一天，我选择了一个更狂野、更具挑战性的项目:
司马台。A. Instead代替，而不是；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Besides而且。慕田峪长城是
我最喜欢去的地方，但是这一次我却选择了司马台长城。上下文之间是转折关系，故选B。
192. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. pleasant令人愉悦的；B. important重要的；C. popular流行的，
受欢迎的；D. challenging困难的，有挑战的。根据下文“This section of the Great Wall has far fewer visitors
than most other sections of the wall.”可知司马台长城的游客是最少的，说明这部分长城是最难以攀爬的。
故选D。
193. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：司马台的入口处有一群小贩，他们想卖明信片。A. sell卖；出售；B.
count数，重要；C. write写；D. collect收集。根据常识可知，在旅游景点的外面通常都是卖东西的小贩。
故选A。
194. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我走到哪里，都有一个个子很小的妇女好像跟着我，我变得越来越
心烦意乱。A. support支持；B. follow跟随；C. need需要；D. protect保护。根据下文“wherever I went”无
论我去哪里，可知一个个子很小的妇女总是跟着我，并且后文说为了摆脱她，我最终跑开了。故选B。
195. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. puzzled困惑的；B. upset心烦的；C. lonely孤独的；D. active
积极的。当我们外出旅行的时候，总是有人跟着你让你购物，那一定会让你非常心烦。故选B。
196. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后我为了躲避这个小女人而逃跑了。A. meet遇见，迎接；B. help帮助；
C. escape逃脱；逃避；D. greet问候。根据下文“I finally ended up running away”可知是最后我逃跑了。故
选C。
197. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一看到长城，我就兴奋不已，那个拿着明信片的小个子妇女也从我的脑
海中消失了。A. doubt怀疑；B. surprise惊讶；C. nervousness紧张；D. excitement兴奋；激动。这一次作
者决定从司马台登长城，到了司马台的时候作者很兴奋，立刻开始爬长城了。与其余三项情绪无关。故
选D。
198. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. learned学习；B. benefited收益；得益；C. disappeared消失；D.
suffered遭受。之前那位小个子妇女总是围着我，让我很心烦，终于摆脱了她到了长城下，兴奋感油然而生，原来的心烦也自然地消失了。故选C。
199. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我立刻跑上了长城。A. recently最近；近来；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C.
secretly偷偷地，秘密地；D. immediately立刻，马上。作者决定从司马台登长城，到了司马台的时候作者
很兴奋，立刻开始爬长城了。故选D。
200. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，在半山腰，我停下来，突然意识到我正沿着一条不超过一米宽
的危险“小路”冲去。A. familiar熟悉的；B. dangerous危险的；C. correct正确的；D. crowded拥挤的。
爬到一半的时候，我突然意识到这条路只有一米宽，这是非常危险的。故选B。
201. 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：没有“墙体”，只有两边陡峭的斜坡。A. no没有；B. some一些；
C. enough足够；D. many许多。根据后句“only steep drops on either side”可知两边只有陡峭的坡，根本就
没有“墙体”，所以使用no表示否定。故选A。
202. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时我想起有游客在这一带摔死。A. shoppers购物者；B. owners主人；
C. vendors小贩；D. tourists游客。来到司马台的通常都是游客，这里又非常危险，游客可能会摔下去。故
选D。
203. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我害怕极了，站在那里一动也不动。A. hid躲藏；B. sat坐；C. lay躺，
位于；D. stood站立。根据上文“I remembered then that 1 2 had fallen to their deaths in this
section.”我记得有游客从这里摔下去死了，我非常害怕，所以站在那里像是石头一样。故选D。
204. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，我感觉到一只小手放在我的背上，一个女人的声音用中文告诉
我，不要害怕，她会慢慢地把我带到山顶。A. silly愚蠢的；B. female女性的；C. sleepy困倦的；D.
childish幼稚的。根据18空后“It was the tiny old lady I'd told a dozen times — eventually shouting at her”可
知最后帮我的是那位卖东西的小个子妇女。故选B。
205. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. afraid害怕的；B. sorry遗憾的；C. lazy懒惰的；D. shy害羞
的。根据上文可知我非常害怕，站在那里像块石头，这位小个子妇女安慰我不要害怕并带着我爬到了顶
部。故选A。
206. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：半小时后，我们到达了一段残存的长城。A. left离开；B. crossed穿过；
C. avoided避免；D. reached到达。在她的带领之下，我们到了一个还有剩余城墙的地方。动词reach与 a
section构成动宾短语。故选D。
207. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我能转过身来，看看是谁在我最恐惧的时刻对我如此善良。A. friendship
友谊；B. experience经历，经验；C. kindness善良；D. imagination想象。到了安全的地方我转身想看看是
谁在我最害怕的时候给了善意的帮助。故选C。
208. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. pain疼痛；B. fear恐惧；C. anger愤怒；D. regret后悔。根据上
文可知我非常害怕，站在那里像块石头，这位小个子妇女安慰我不要害怕并带着我爬到了顶部。所以我想知道是谁在我最害怕的时候给了善意的帮助。故选B。
209. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就是那个小个子妇女，我告诉过她十几次——最后对她大喊大叫——我
不想要任何明信片。A. guides导游；B. routes路线；C. postcards明信片D. foods。根据第三空“At the
entrance to Simatai was a group of vendors (小贩) trying to 3 postcards. ”可知这些小贩想兜售明信
片给游客。正是这位被我多次拒绝的小个子妇女最终帮助了我，这让我非常羞愧。故选C。
210. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真为自己感到羞愧。A. proud自豪的；B. certain确定的；C. careful
细心的；D. ashamed害羞的。最后在我在害怕的时候，正是这位被我多次拒绝的小个子妇女最终帮助了
我，这让我非常羞愧。故选D。
13
Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro (乞力马扎罗山), the highest mountain in
Africa. They 211 with them lots of waste. The 212 might damage the beauty of the place.
The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I'm 213 about the place - other destinations are described as “purer” natural
experiences.
However, I soon 214 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 215
among tons of rubbish. I find a 216 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The
environmental challenges are 217 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to
be 218 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 219 , in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 220
as spiritual places by many cultures. This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 221 go through
five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends suddenly at 3,000
meters, 222 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 223 - low clouds envelop
the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I counted twelve shades of green from where I stand.
Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert :gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 224 you climb into an
arctic-like zone with permanent (永久的) snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro deserve (值得) its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists 225
the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
211. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
212. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
213. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
214. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. admit
215. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones216. A. clean B. quiet C. tall D. faraway
217. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
218. A. fading away B. spreading out C. carrying on D. paying off
219. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
220. A. regarded B. observed C. explored D. studied
221. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
222. A. holding on to B. going back to C. setting out to D. giving way to
223. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
224. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Absolutely D. Finally
225. A. keeping B. ruining C. replacing D. creating
【答案】
211. D 212. C 213. B 214. A 215. C 216. A 217. C 218. D 219. B
220. A 221. B 222. D 223. A 224. D 225. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以作者的所见所闻，讲述了非洲乞力马扎罗山的环境污染以及当地
机构努力治理之后环境的改观情况。
211. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会带来很多的垃圾。A. keep 保持；B. mix 混合；C. connect 连接；
D. bring 带来。根据语境可知，这里指登山者们在山上留下很多废品、垃圾，破坏了自然环境，即他们带
来了垃圾。故选D项。
212. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：人群可能会损害这个地方的美好。A. stories 故事；B. buildings 建筑；C.
crowds 人群；D. reporters 记者。这里与前文“Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro
(乞力马扎罗山), the highest mountain in Africa.”中的40000 people对应，就指大量前来登山的人。故选C
项。
213. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：听了这些故事，我对这个地方持怀疑态度——其他目的地被描述为
“更纯净的”自然体验。A. silent 沉默的；B. skeptical 怀疑的；C. serious 严肃的；D. crazy 疯狂的。从
破折号后的句意可知，其他地方似乎要比乞力马扎罗山还要纯净，上文“The glaciers (冰川) are
disappearing, changing the face of Kilimanjaro.”提到冰川正在消失，改变乞力马扎罗的面貌，所以这一切让
作者对这个地方能给人纯净的自然体验产生怀疑，下文也描述作者亲自来到这个地方，去解开自己的怀
疑。故选B项。
214. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于在成堆的垃圾中露营地的
报道以来，情况已经发生了很大的变化。A. discover 发现；B. argue 争辩；C. decide 决定；D. admit 承
认。从下文内容来看，作者亲眼目睹了环境的改造情况，也就是发现了改变。故选A项。
215. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于在成堆的垃圾中露营地的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大的变化。A. equipment 器材，设备；B. grass 草地；C. camps 营地；D.
stones 石头。根据常理推测，一定是在人们登山途中所扎营地的周围垃圾最多，这里描述的垃圾堆积的
情况也应该是出现在营地附近。故选C项。
216. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现了一座干净的山，营地和沿途都有厕所。A. clean 干净的；B.
quiet 安静的；C. tall 高的；D. faraway 遥远的。上文“However, I soon 4 that much has changed since the
days of disturbing reports of 5 among tons of rubbish.”提到这里有了很大的改变以及空后描述的营地和
路旁都有厕所的有序现状，可见山峰是比较干净的。故选A项。
217. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：环境方面的挑战很严峻，但坦桑尼亚国家公园官方的努力似乎颇有成
效。A. new 崭新的；B. special 特别的；C. significant 重大的；显著的；D. necessary 必要的。这里所指
的挑战，也就是之前山上垃圾堆积的情况，是比较重大的，也与空后表述的坦桑尼亚国家公园官方有效
果的努力形成转折，故选C项。
218. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：环境方面的挑战很严峻，但坦桑尼亚国家公园官方的努力似乎颇有成效。
A. fading away 消逝；B. spreading out 传播；扩展；C. carrying on 继续；D. paying off 取得成功。根据句
意，这里用转折连词but与前句句意形成转折，即挑战很严峻，但努力有效果。故选D项。
219. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：乞力马扎罗山上最好的经历，在我看来并非登顶。A. atmosphere 气氛；
B. experience 经历；C. experiment 实验；D. sight 景象。句中表语给出的对象是reaching the top，显然主
语应是一个动作、一次体验。故选B项。
220. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：山脉在很多文化中被视为有着精神寄托的地方。A. regarded 将……认为；
B. observed 观察；C. explored 探索；D. studied 研究。结合常识和“as spiritual places by many cultures.”
可知，在很多文化中山脉都被看作是有精神寄托的地方。be regarded as表示“被视为，被当作”。故选A
项。
221. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种情况在乞力马扎罗山特别明显，因为登山者们在几千米的路上要经
过五个生态系统。A. scientists 科学家；B. climbers 登山者；C. locals 当地人；D. officials 官员。上文
“Every year about 40, 000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro (乞力马扎罗山), the highest mountain in Africa.
”提到很多人都试图攀登乞力马扎罗山，所以此处应该表示“登山者”，故选B项。
222. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：3000米时雨林突然消失了，被低矮的植物取代。A. holding on to 坚持；
B. going back to 返回；C. setting out to 着手去做；D. giving way to 被……取代。这里在描述生态系统的
迭代变化，根据句意，3000米以上环境中，取而代之的主要是低矮植物。故选D项。
223. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：再往上走，天气就变了——低云笼罩着山腰，上面长满了厚厚的草。A.
changes 改变；B. clears 澄澈；C. improves 改善；D. permits 允许。破折号后具体说明了天气的变化情况，
依然在描述自然环境的迭代变化。故选A项。224. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，你爬到一个类似北极的地带，那里有永久性的积雪和可能很快消
失的冰川。A. Obviously 显然；B. Easily 容易地；C. Absolutely 绝对；D. Finally 最终。上文“This view
is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 1 1 go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few
kilometers.”提到要经历五种生态系统，此空之前已经介绍了山下的雨林、3000米处的低矮植物、再往上
的云以及厚厚的草和4000米以上的高原沙漠四种不同生态系统，所以这里说第五个也就是最后一个，所
以此处表示最后爬到了一个像北极圈一样的区域。故选D项。
225. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在成群结队的游客们挤在上面、破坏掉那里宁静气氛的情况下，乞力马
扎罗山还值得它的名誉吗？A. keeping 保持；B. ruining 毁掉；C. replacing 代替；D. creating 创造。与文
章一开始“The 2 might damage the beauty of the place.”的内容呼应，此处作者问到：为数众多的游客
们慕名来到乞力马扎罗山，会破坏这里的祥和安宁吗？作者用文章最后一句 “I found the opposite to be
true.”发现事实恰恰相反，表明作者亲身体验后的观点：乞力马扎罗山的宁静是否被游客破坏了呢？事实
不是这样的。故选B项。
14
A famous theorist once said, “I don’t divide the world into the weak and the strong: or the successes and the
failures...I divide the world into the learners and the non-learners.”
What on earth would make someone a non-learner? Everyone is born with an intense 226 to learn.
Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for 227 tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime,
like leaning to walk and talk. They never decide it’s too hard or not worth the 228 . Babies don’t worry
about making mistakes or 229 themselves. They walk, they fall, they 230 .
What puts an end to this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate
themselves, some of them become 231 of challenges. They worry about not being 232 . My
research team have studied thousands of people from preschoolers on, and It’s breathtaking how many 233
an opportunity to learn.
We offered four-year-olds a 234 ：they could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one. Even at
this young age, children with a fixed mindset stuck with the 235 one. They believe smart kids don’t
make 236 .
Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 237 choice. Why would anyone want
to keep doing the same puzzle 238 ? They chose increasingly difficult-ones instead.
Believing that success is about learning, children with a growth mindset seized the chance. But those with a
fixed mindset didn’t want to expose their 239 . This is how a fixed mindset makes people into 240
.226. A. fear B. drive C. competition D. concentration
227. A. crucial B. mental C. ordinary D. particular
228. A. attention B. effort C. interest D. time
229. A. confusing B. behaving C. punishing D. hurting
230. A. get up B. give up C. show up D. shut up
231. A. afraid B. ashamed C. confident D. ignorant
232. A. adorable B. curious C. modest D. smart
233. A. seize B. ruin C. reject D. require
234. A. lesson B. choice C. gift D. game
235. A. challenging B. interesting C. new D. simple
236. A. decisions B. jigsaws C. mistakes D. predictions
237. A. strange B. promising C. profitable D. difficult
238. A. repeatedly B. unwillingly C. automatically D. properly
239. A. secrets B. thoughts C. preferences D. weaknesses
240. A. theorists B. perfectionists C. non-learners D. risk-takers
【答案】
226. B 227. C 228. B 229. D 230. A 231. A 232. D 233. C 234. B
235. D 236. C 237. A 238. A 239. D 240. C
【解析】本文是议论文。文章讲述了导致习得者和非习得者的区别的原因。总结了固定型思维导致了非
习得者的形成。
226. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人生来就有强烈的学习动力。A.fear恐惧；B.drive内驱力；
C.competition竞争；D.concentration专心。由下一句“Babies rise to the learning challenge daily.”可知，婴
儿每天都面临学习挑战，有挑战就有动力，因此人们生来就有强烈的学习动力。故选B。
227. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不仅是为了普通任务，而且为一生中最困难的任务，像走路和说话。
A.crucial重要的；B.mental精神的；C.ordinary普通的；D.particular特别的。上下文出现连词“not just...
but (also)”表示”不仅，而且”，表示并列关系，后半句提到了”最困难的事”，因此该题与”困难的”
是同一范畴的词。故选C。
228. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们从来不认为太难或不值得这么努力。A.attention注意力；B.effort努
力；C.interest兴趣；D.time时间。根据上文“Babies rise to the learning challenge daily. Not just for 2
tasks, but the most difficult ones of a lifetime, like leaning to walk and talk.”可知，婴儿生来就会学习，他们不
会意识到这些任务是不是太难或者这些任务值不值得花费精力去完成。不选择time是因为该段落强调是
婴儿学习挑战的行为，而没有突出时间这个概念，因此effort符合题意。故选B。229. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：婴儿不担心犯错误或伤害自己。A.confusing使困惑；B.behaving表现；
C.punishing惩罚；D.hurting使受伤。首先根据or表并列可知，该题的动词是婴儿主动发出的而且结果是
消极的，其次根据下文的“They walk, they fall,”的提示，婴儿学习走路，然后会跌倒，由跌倒可以联想到
他们在学习的过程中可能会受伤，故选D。
230. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们走路，跌倒，站起来。A.get up起立；B.give up放弃；C.show up露
面；D.shut up闭嘴。根据常识和该句子的顺承逻辑，婴儿走路、跌倒，然后再站起来。故选A。
231. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦孩子们能够评估自己，其中一些人就会害怕挑战。A.afraid害怕的；
B.ashamed羞愧的；C.confident自信的；D.ignorant无知的。根据上文“What puts an end to this fearless
learning? A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves”可知，孩子一开始是不害怕
学习的， 但是这个过程被终结了，所以一些孩子开始害怕挑战。故选A。
232. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们担心不够聪明。A.adorable可爱的；B.curious好奇的；C.modest
谦虚的；D.smart聪明的。根据上文“As soon as children become able to evaluate themselves”可推断，孩子
开始评估自己，下一段“They believe smart kids don’t make 1 1 .”提到把自己与聪明孩子做对比，
因此他们担心自己不够聪明。故选D。
233. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的研究团队已经研究了成千上万来自学龄前儿童的人，那么多的人拒
绝学习的机会真是令人震惊。A.seize抓住；B.ruin毁灭；C.reject拒绝；D.require要求。根据上文“As
soon as children become able to evaluate themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges.”可推断，
一些孩子开始害怕学习，因此拒绝学习的机会。故选C。
234. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们提供给四岁的孩子一个选择：他们可以重新做一个简单的拼图，或
者尝试一个更困难的拼图。A.lesson教训；B.choice选择；C.gift礼物；D.game游戏。根据下文“they
could redo an easy jigsaw (拼图) or try a harder one.”可知，研究团队在实验过程中让孩子们做简单的或者困
难的拼图任务，这是一个二选的选择。故选B。
235. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在这么小的时候，有固定型思维模式的孩子们也会坚持保持简单
的心态。A.challenging富有挑战性的；B.interesting有趣的；C.new新的；D.simple简单的。根据下一段文
章内容“Children with a growth mindset, however, thought it was a 1 2 choice.”和“They chose
increasingly difficult-ones instead.”可以推出，成长型思维模式的孩子会选择困难的拼图任务,因此固定型思
维模式的孩子会选择相反的任务。故选D。
236. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为聪明的孩子不会犯错误。A.decisions决定；B.jigsaws拼图；
C.mistakes错误；D.predictions预测。根据上文“A fixed mindset. As soon as children become able to evaluate
themselves, some of them become 6 of challenges. They worry about not being 7 .”以及下文
“They chose increasingly difficult-ones instead.”可推断，固定型思维模式的孩子由于害怕自己犯错误而选择简单的任务,所以他们会认为聪明的孩子不会像他们那样犯错误。故选C。
237. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有成长型思维的孩子们认为这是一个奇怪的选择。A.strange奇
怪的；B.promising有希望的；C.profitable有益的；D.difficult困难的。根据下文的问句“Why would
anyone want to keep doing the same puzzle 1 3 ?”可推断，成长型思维的孩子会选择困难的任务,他
们觉得为什么要重复做相同的任务,也就是说他们觉得没必要做简单的任务，所以对于为什么有这两种选
择而感到奇怪。故选A。
238. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：为什么有人想重复做同样的谜题。A.repeatedly重复地；B.unwillingly不
情愿地；C.automatically自动地；D.properly恰当地。根据“keep doing the same puzzle”可知，这个任务是
一直在做相同的事情，故选A。
239. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是那些有固定型思维的人并不想暴露他们的缺点。A.secrets秘密；
B.thoughts想法；C.preferences偏爱；D.weaknesses弱点。根据上文“children with a growth mindset seized
the chance.”以及but表示转折可知，固定型思维的孩子不愿抓住学习的机会,是因为他们害怕犯错，会显示
出自己的不足。故选D。
240. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是一个固定型思维的人如何成为非习得者的。A.theorists理论家；
B.perfectionists完美主义者；C.non-learners非习得者；D.risk-takers风险承担者。根据第一段内容与第二
段首句“What on earth would make someone a non-learner?”可知，通篇文章讲述的是什么导致了习得者和
非习得者的区别，文章最后一句总结了固定型思维导致了非习得者的形成。故选C。
15
Waiting for the airplane to take off, I was happy to get a seat by myself. Just then, an air hostess came to me
and asked, “Would you mind 241 your seat? A couple would like to sit together.” The only 242
seat was next to a girl with her arms in casts (石膏绷带), a black-and-blue face, and a sad expression. “ 243
am I going to sit there.” I thought immediately.
But a soft voice spoke, “She needs help.” Finally, I 244 to move to that seat. The girl was named
Kathy. She was injured in a car accident and now was on her way for 245 . When the snack and juice
arrived, it did not take me long to 246 that Kathy would not be able to 247 herself. I considered
248 to feed her but hesitated (犹豫), as it seemed too 249 to offer such a service to a 250 .
But then I realized that Kathy′s need was more 251 than my discomfort. I offered to help her eat and
although she was uncomfortable to accept, she 252 as I expected. We became closer and closer in a
short period of time. By the end of the five-hour trip, my heart had 253 , and the time was really better
spent than if I had just sat by myself. I was very glad I had reached beyond my comfort zone to sit next to Kathy
and feed her. Love sometimes flows beyond human borders and removes the fears that keep us 254 .When we are trying our best to 255 another, we grow to live in a larger and more rewarding world.
241. A. losing B. changing C. taking D. giving
242. A. comfortable B. suitable C. available D. favorable
243. A. No problem B. No doubt C. Nowhere D. No way
244. A. decided B. wanted C. regretted D. promised
245. A. treatment B. travel C. pleasure D. business
246. A. challenge B. address C. realize D. pretend
247. A. consider B. feed C. choose D. support
248. A. offering B. needing C. stopping D. trying
249. A. annoyed B. fast C. frightened D. impolite
250. A. couple B. neighbor C. passenger D. stranger
251. A. unusual B. direct C. important D. shameful
252. A. refused B. wondered C. cried D. did
253. A. warmed B. jumped C. broken D. cheered
254. A. separate B. independent C. silent D. upset
255. A. miss B. serve C. impress D. improve
【答案】
241. B 242. C 243. D 244. A 245. A 246. C 247. B 248. A 249. D
250. D 251. C 252. D 253. A 254. A 255. B
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者在飞机上和一个胳膊上缠着石膏绷带的小女孩坐在一起。小女
孩不能吃东西，作者本来对主动提出喂小女孩吃东西感到不自在，但是为了小女孩的需要，作者还是克
服了自己的不适感，走出了舒适区，帮助了小女孩。
241. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：正在这时，一位空中小姐走过来问我:“您介意换一下座位吗?”。A. losing
失去；B. changing互换；C. taking拿；D.giving给与。根据“A couple would like to sit together.”可知，空
姐想要作者换一下座位，好让那对夫妻坐在一起。故选B项。
242. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：唯一的空位是一个女孩的旁边空位，她的胳膊打着石膏，脸被打得青
一块紫一块，一副悲伤的表情。A. comfortable舒服的；B. suitable适合的；C. available可获得的；D.
favorable有利的。根据下文“move to that seat.”可知，唯一的空位是一个女孩的旁边空位。故选C项。
243. 考查短语词义辨析。句意：我不可能坐在那里。A. No problem没问题；B. No doubt毫无疑问； C.
Nowhere任何地方都不；D.No way没门。根据下文 “But a soft voice spoke. “She needs help.” but表示语
义转折，从中可以看出作者不想和那个小女孩坐在一起。。选D项。
244. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我决定挪到那个座位上去。A. decided决定；B. wanted想要；C.regretted后悔； D.promised承诺。根据“Finally”以及“move to that seat.”可知，在空姐的说服和请求下，
作者决定挪到那个座位上去。故选A项。
245. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在一次车祸中受伤，现在正在接受治疗。A. treatment治疗；B. travel
旅行；C. pleasure 快乐；D. business商业。根据“She was injured in a car accident”可知，她现在正在接受
治疗。故选A项。
246. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当点心和果汁端上来时，我没过多久就意识到凯西将无法吃东西。A.
challenge挑战；B. address演说；C. realize意识到；D.pretend假装 。根据上文“with her arms in casts (石
膏绷带), a black-and-blue face”可知，作者意识到凯西将无法吃东西。故选C项。
247. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当点心和果汁端上来时，我没过多久就意识到凯西将无法吃东西。 A.
consider思考；B. feed喂养；C. choose选择；D. support支持。根据下文“feed her”可知，凯西无法自己
喂自己吃东西也就是自己吃不了东西。故选B项。
248. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我考虑过要喂她，但犹豫了一下，因为对一个陌生人提供这样的服务似
乎太不礼貌了。A. offering提供；B. needing需要；C. stopping停止； D. trying尝试。根据下文“I offered
to help her eat”可知，作者考虑过要喂她。故选A项。
249. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我考虑过要喂她，但犹豫了一下，因为对一个陌生人提供这样的服务
似乎太不礼貌了。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. fast快速的；C. frightened害怕的；D. impolite不礼貌的。根据常
识可知，，跟一个不认识的人，提出喂东西给她吃，是不合乎礼貌的。故选D项。
250. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我考虑过要喂她，但犹豫了一下，因为对一个陌生人提供这样的服务似
乎太不礼貌了。 A. couple夫妇；B. neighbor邻居；C. passenger 乘客；D.stranger陌生人。作者并不认识
那个小女孩，他们之间是陌生人。故选D项。
251. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但后来我意识到凯西的需要比我的不适更重要。A. unusual不寻常的；
B. direct直接的；C. important重要的；D. shameful丢脸的。根据“But then I realized that Kathy′s need”可
知，作者这时想更重要的是小女孩能够吃到东西。故选C项。
252. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我主动提出帮她吃东西，尽管她不太愿意接受，但她还是照我期望的那
样做了。A. refused拒绝；B. wondered想知道；C. cried哭泣；D. did作。根据下文“We became closer and
closer”可知，小女孩最终还是接受了作者的帮助。按照作者期望的那样做了。故选D项。
253. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：5个小时的旅程结束时，我的心暖暖地，这段时间真的比我独自坐着要
好。A. warmed变温暖；B. jumped跳；C. broken打破； D.cheered欢呼。根据下文“the time was really
better spent than if I had just sat by myself”作者觉得和小女孩在一起比自己一个人坐着要好得多，因此心里
感到温暖。故选A项。
254. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爱有时会超越人类的界限，消除让我们分离的恐惧。A. separate分离的；B. independent独立的；C. silent沉默的；D. upset不安的。上文提到，作者和小女孩本来是陌生人，
彼此应该是互不相关的人，但是作者表现出的爱心消除了这种隔阂。故选A项。