13 阅读理解主旨大意题微观应对策略
【策略精析】
一、文章大意题
文章大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行
高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
策略1：主题句法
解答主旨大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
(1)根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
(2)根据行文标志来定位主题句
如but，however，in fact，actually等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正想
转折词
要表达的观点。
如therefore，thus，in short，conclude 等，其后的内容往往是文章的主
总结词
题。
疑问句 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题。
策略2：高频词法
全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中的高频词。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，
因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它
便容易抓住文章的中心。
策略3：逆向思维法
在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章
会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。
1. 正确选项特征：涵盖性强，覆盖全文
2. 错误选项特征
(1)以偏概全，主次不分(2)无中生有，曲解文意
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)
Some parents will buy any high－tech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help
children with math－related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine，an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of
Chicago，found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle
play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知)after controlling for differences in parents’
income，education and the amount of parent talk，Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child－parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not，on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes，”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would，and about half of the children in
the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher－income parents tended to have children play with puzzles
more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However，boys
tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls，and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and
were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method.
B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist.
D. A teaching program.
【分析】
·第一步 读文章，概括文意：本文介绍了芝加哥大学的一项科学研究，该研究表明，对于 2到4岁的孩
子来说，玩拼图游戏对他们今后空间技能的提高有益；高收入家庭的孩子接触拼图游戏的时间更长，而
且男孩子比女孩子玩的拼图更复杂。
·第二步 利用关键词法定主旨：文章多次出现了researchers，expert，study，findings等词，主要介绍的
是一项科学研究。
·第三步 排除3种错误选项：选项A、D无中生有曲解文意； 选项C以偏概全主次不分。
二、段落大意题段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对一个段落的基本内容的简缩和概括。概括、总结、归纳
段落大意就是用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二
是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have
found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example，discovered that greener areas of
the city experienced less crime.In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their
workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
【分析】
·第一步 首尾兼顾定段意：通读全文可知，Recent studies have found positive effects.是本段的主旨，后通
过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。
·第二步 析选项，斟酌判断：
对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研 以偏概全
A
究，但不是该段的主旨。 断章取义
犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好 以偏概全
B
处，故混淆主次。 断章取义
来自不同工作场所的员工。虽涉及工作场所的员工，但是 以偏概全
C
以偏概全，不是本段的主题。 生搬硬套
绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明 涵盖性强，
D 绿色植物对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和
概括 覆盖全段·第三步 比对选项得出答案。
三、标题归纳题
标题归纳类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文
章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感情色彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体
现文章的主旨)。
要首先找出文章的主题句，然后根据文章主题句确定文章标题，如果没有主题句再寻找全文重复性
强的关键词或者概括全文。
▲ 利用4大技巧解题
关键词法 反复出现的词语，多次重复的观点就是体现主旨的关键词
主题句法 根据文章主题句，确定中心词充当标题
分析文章细节，确定共同点，如同穿珠般，串联细节共同点，确定
穿珠连串法
标题
逆向法 根据四个选项，考虑其可能内容，对照原文，最相似者为最佳选项
▲结合3大特点解题
▲排除3种错误选项
【典例】 (2020·浙江7月卷阅读C)
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your
brain stay sharp as you age，a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1，000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests.Then，for eight
years，the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the
tests.And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs.The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise，”says Francisca Then，who led the study.“After a long run，you may
feel like you’re in pain，you may feel tired.But it makes you fit.After a long day at work—sure，you will feel
tired，but it can help your brain stay healthy.”It’s not just corporate jobs，or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit，Then points out.A waiter’s job，
for example，that requires multitasking，teamwork and decision－making could be just as stimulating as any
high－level office work.And “running a family household requires high－level planning and coordinating(协
调)，”she says.“You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries.”
Of course，our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons—including other environmental influences
or genetic factors.Still，continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only help.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【分析】
·第一步 找准文章的主题句：通读全文，本文是“总—分”结构，文章开头提出主旨“Challenging work
that requires lots of analytical thinking，planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as
you age”。
·第二步 根据正误选项特征，斟酌判断：A、B选项无中生有，曲解文意；D选项以偏概全；主次不分；
选项C“棘手的工作可能会帮助你保持思维敏捷”精炼地概括了文章内容。
·第三步 比对选项得出答案。
【策略精练】
1
After disappearing for over 19 years, measles (麻疹) is making a comeback in America. Since January 2019,
the disease has infected more than 700 people, mostly small children, and the number seems to be increasing
daily.
Measles is an infectious disease that typically begins with a high fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery
eyes. Many people also lose their appetites and feel sleepy. About three to four days after the symptoms start, the
person breaks out into a rash (皮疹) that begins on the face at the hairline and then spreads to the neck and the rest
of the body.
In healthy people, the recovery, which takes between two to three weeks, starts soon after the rash begins.
However, for about 40 percent of patients — mainly kids under the age of five or older adults — the disease often
leads to pneumonia (肺炎), which, if left untreated, could result in death.
The recent outbreak is thought to have been caused by travelers picking up the virus in a country where the
disease is still existing and exposing it to an unvaccinated (未接种的) community in the US. In New York, it wascarried back by someone who had recently visited Israel, which is currently undergoing a significant measles,
while in Washington, “patient zero” was infected by a type that is currently circulating in Europe.
To limit the spread of the disease before it gets out of hand, US health officials are attempting to educate
communities with high rates of unvaccinated children. They are also urging adults to consult with their physicians
and get injected if considered necessary by the doctor.
Hopefully, health officials worldwide will be able to convince parents that vaccinating their children will
protect, not harm, them.
1. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The causes of measles. B. The symptoms of measles.
C. The possible results of measles. D. The cures for measles
2. Why did some people develop measles in America?
A. Because it is too hot this year. B. Because people are too stressed.
C. Because pollution is too serious. D. Because the virus was taken to America.
3. What do we know about measles?
A. It once disappeared in America. B. It starts with a rash.
C. It is mild to everyone. D. It is impossible to cure.
4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Health. B. Education. C. Science. D. Entertainment.
2
Are you having difficulty falling asleep? Try drinking a glass of warm milk. If that doesn't work, listen to
beautiful soft music. Still no luck? Try thinking about sheep jumping over a fence. If you are still awake, take a
sleeping pill. But people who take pills often become dependent on the drugs. So you lie awake knowing that the
new workday will soon arrive. If you have been in such condition for at least one month, you may have primary
insomnia.
A new study has found that you might fall asleep more quickly and stay asleep longer if you try "cerebral
hypothermia”. It is not a complex medical process. It just means cooling down your brain. Eric Nofzinger and
Daniel Buysse from the University of Pittsburgh Medical School led the study. They examined twelve people who
had sleeping problems. Twelve others had no sleeping problems. Each of them wore a soft plastic cap on their
head at bedtime.
The caps had tubes inside filled with water. The researchers moved the water through the tubes and then
changed the temperature of the water. Other studies showed that people who had sleeping problems often had
more chemical reactions in the front of their brains. The researchers thought cooling down the brain might help.On the first two nights of testing, the patients wore caps with no water. On the next two nights, the caps were
worn, but the water was not cooled. Then the researchers cooled the water a little for another two nights. On the
final two nights of the study, the temperature of the water was made much cooler.
The researchers found that the water caps didn't help the patients until the temperature was about 14℃. Most
of the patients fell asleep faster and slept better when the coolest water was moving around their heads.
Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buysse noted that this was only the beginning of the brain temperature study. But they
believed they had discovered something important that needed more research.
5. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To ask readers a question. B. To tell sleeping problems.
C. To show what insomnia is. D. To offer ways to insomnia.
6. What can we know about the participants in the study?
A. They showed more chemical reactions. B. They were required to wear plastic caps.
C. They all suffered from sleeping problems.D. They cooled themselves by drinking water.
7. What do Dr. Nofzinger and Dr. Buysse think of their study?
A. It turns out disappointing. B. It proves widely practical.
C. It stands out among studies. D. It still has a long way to go.
8. What's the main idea of the text?
A. It's time to cool yourself down. B. A medical process benefits sleep.
C. A new way might help with sleep. D. Cooling clown your brain matters.
3
The first step in writing any poem is coming up with something to write about. Don’t feel that you have to
choose deep or attractive material. Anything can be the subject for a poem. Great poems have been written about
such topics as a gas station or pieces of broken glass on the beach.
It’s easiest to write a good poem about something you know well, that you have experi-enced first-hand, or
that you have nearby so that you can observe it carefully. T his is because what makes the poem deep and
interesting will be the hidden details or qualities you discover, or the subject that reminds you of the unique view.
In his book Poetry in the Making, the poet Ted Hughes talks about how to write a poem about an animal. The
key, he says, is to concentrate hard enough on the animal, to choose the words that best catch the animal you have
in your mind. You can use this approach with any subject matter.
In the beginning, you don’t have to worry about the “style” or writing in a “poetic” that means being filled
with rhythm and beauty. In fact, if you start to think about “being po-etic”, it can puzzle you from what you’re
actually writing about and hurt your poem. Have you ever tried to have a conversation with someone who wastrying to impress you? Then you know how boring this can be. The person is really thinking about himself or
herself, not about the conversation. Similarly, if you are worrying about what impression your poem will make,
then that takes your attention away from the subject of your poem.
In a word, if the poem is about you or your life, try to take the angle of a careful reporter when you write it
down. You should focus on accurately communicating an aspect of your experience, instead of focusing on what
impression you are making when you do it.
9. What will be an easy subject for writing a good poem?
A. Something beautiful.
B. Something interesting.
C. Something happened to you or near you.
D. Something others have experienced before.
10. What can we infer about Ted Hughes’ opinion on writing a poem?
A. It is necessary to select the words.
B. It is important to choose a good topic.
C. It is necessary to focus on the style of poems.
D. It is difficult to write a poem about animals.
11. Why does the author give the example in paragraph 4?
A. To raise a question for readers.
B. To draw the readers’ attention.
C. To answer the question mentioned above.
D. To make a further explanation.
12. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The impression of a good poem.
B. The influence on creating a poem.
C. The importance of selecting material.
D. The conclusion on methods of writing poems.
4
No doubt there are ups and downs in life. Whatever the situation is, you shouldn’t lose your joy of life. Life
is for a limited period only and no one knows how long he/she will live, so why do you waste your precious time
in worrying about the things that are beyond your control? Be happy, and enjoy your life unconditionally (无条件
地).
You enjoy good days but you also need to learn how to enjoy bad days, even enjoy your pain. In 2016 when Iwas in Geneva, Switzerland, I suffered a sudden heart attack. My colleagues called an ambulance and I was taken
to hospital with much pain in my chest. Before reaching hospital, I was totally exhausted with pain and was going
to lose control of my emotions. Then the doctor in the ambulance said, “Don’t worry; you are in safe hands.” His
words took away all my pain because I started realizing that it was no time to worry about pain and it’s time to be
happy that my life was safe. At that time, I learnt an important lesson that in pain there is a hidden joy and
whoever sees the bright side can enjoy pain. My pain turned into a joy which greatly helped me recover more
quickly than expected.
You not only enjoy success but you also need to learn to enjoy failure. Failure provides you with an
opportunity to benefit from so many choices you’ve made. Celebrating failure will raise your morale and make
you more powerful and determined to achieve success. We all make mistakes in life but only the courageous (勇
敢的) people not only laugh at their own mistakes but also let other people laugh at them and then they reach
success without any spiritual burden (负担). A person who learns from mistakes and knows how to turn the bad
situation into his/her favor is the most intelligent person and really enjoys his/her life.
13. What does the author mainly tell us in the first paragraph?
A. Life is full of ups and downs. B. People’s lives only last a limited period.
C. We should enjoy our life unconditionally.D. Bad situations can be changed into good ones.
14. Why did the author still feel happy when experiencing much pain?
A. His colleagues were always with him.
B. He could be looked after by his parents.
C. He planned to enjoy the last days in life.
D. His doctor made him realize the value of being alive.
15. The underlined word “morale” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. talent B. confidence
C. pleasure D. inspiration
16. The author thinks that the wisest person________.
A. never laughs at others B. has strong determination
C. is ready to do others a favor D. is good at learning from mistakes
5
Located a few blocks away from the White House, Sakina Halal grill in Washington DC is a restaurant with a
difference. Enter during the busy lunch time and you will find businessmen and women eating side by side with
the homeless. The owner Kazi Mannan, who is from Pakistan, would not run it in any other way.
Growing up in a village with no electricity, running water or even a building for a school, Kazi is familiarwith poverty (贫穷) and hunger. Even in those hard days, whenever his mother Sakina cooked for her own
children, she would provide some for her neighbours as well.
When Kazi reached America, he only had three dollars in his hand. With the help of a Pakistani bus driver, he
finally earned a down payment (首付款) on a restaurant.
The first thing he did was change the name of the restaurant. He named it after his mother Sakina Halal Grill,
whom he lost 26 years ago. But he did not stop there, Keeping his mother’s teachings in mind, he not only used
her old recipes (菜谱) but also decided to let the homeless eat at his restaurant for free. On the opening day of the
restaurant, Kazi personally walked to the nearby park and invited the homeless there to have food at his restaurant.
Many friends said, “Don’t let homeless people come inside your restaurant. They will ruin your business.
“But I don’t care. If I fail, I fail!” said Kazi Mannan.
In less than 5 years, Sakina Halal Grili has risen to such popularity that Kazi is able to feed over 16, 000
people for free every year. He also prepares extra food on Sundays for nearly 50 homeless people at the
Georgetown Ministry Center. His deeds (事迹) encourage locals to volunteer there as well.
17. Why did Kazi change the name of the restaurant?
A. To complete his mothers wishes. B. To attract more customers.
C. To memorise his mother. D. To thank the Pakistani bus drive.
18. Which of the following can best describe Kazi?
A. Kind and encouraging. B. Brave and reliable.
C. Selfish and mean. D. Honest and stubborn.
19. What does the story want to tell us?
A. Money talks. B. Kindness brings good business.
C. Technology is power. D. A good friend is good for business.
6
There is now a museum for pizza lovers in America’s pizza capital, New York City. The Museum of Pizza is
devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but there’s more to it than meets the tougue.
“It’s often that the simplest ideas are the best. And we wanted to use pizza’s appeal to get people through the
door and to look at art and hear about history in a different forms,” said Alexandra Serio, Chief Content Officer at
Nameless Network, the group that baked the Museum of Pizza idea. Another instantly recognizable characteristic
of the space is the bright colors that are weaved (穿行) throughout the exhibits—perfect for taking social media-
ready pictures.
Located on the street level of Brooklyn’s William Vale hotel, the museum is a large, one-floor space that
houses a wide variety of art, from giant photographs to sculptures that surround visitors.Serio said exhibits of this kind are becoming an advantage for museums as they try to get younger legs to
walk through their doors. “It’s a kind of change,” she said. “You’ll see it in the next few years because of
museums like the Museum of Ice Cream, and multiple pop-ups (出现) of this kind of museums suiting a younger
audience and seeing how they can make their exhibitions more attractive, touch and photography friendly.”
“Honestly, I thought it would be like more of a museum in the beginning, with the pizza boxes and it tells
you when it was developed and things like that,” said Nene Raye, visitor from New Jersey.
Lydia Melendez, a self-described “pizza fan”, bought her tickets in April and for her, this experience was
worth the wait. “I thought it was going to be kind of boring, like I’m going to walk in and there’s just going to be
a book about pizza and how to make it, but this is definitely one for the books.” she said.
20. What’s a noticeable attraction of the pizza-themed museum according to Serio?
A. It covers a large area.
B. Visitors can bake pizza in it.
C. It’s perfect for taking amazing pictures.
D. Its exhibits are arranged in the simplest way.
21. Who is the museum targeted at?
A. Younger audience. B. Ice cream lovers.
C. Artists and sculpturers. D. Professional photographers.
22. What does Lydia Melendez think of the museum?
A. It is kind of disappointing. B. It is surprisingly wonderful.
C. It is definitely a dull museum. D. It looks like a traditional museum.
23. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Small Pizza, Huge Influence
B. New York City, Pizza Capital
C. Fashionable Museums Appear in America
D. Pizza Museum Meets More Than the Tongue
7
'There's no place like home. 'This English saying has much truth in it：the best place to be is surrounded by
our treasured possessions and our loved ones and with a roof over our head. And for many young adults, it's the
only affordable place to stay; somewhere where they can receive first-class service from mum and dad. But this
comes at a price!
In some countries, it's quite traditional for people in their late teens and early 20s to live at home with their
parents, but in other places, flying the nest to start their own independent life is very desirable. But there's been agrowing trend, in the UK at least, for young people to return home to live-or not to leave home at all.
A survey by a price comparison website found that 18% of adult children in the UK said they were moving
back home because of debt, compared with 8% last year. More young people had lost their jobs, and others
couldn't afford their rent compared with the previous year. So, it's easy to see why they're increasingly becoming
home birds.
The BBC's Lucy Hooker explains that many returning adult children enjoy home comforts. But for the
'hoteliers', that's mum and dad, the survey found the average cost to them has gone up sharply, and that they are
sacrificing luxuries and holidays to look after their 'big kids'. Emma Craig from Money supermarket says " they're
trying to look after their children more. If your child comes home and you see them struggling financially, you
feel more awkward asking them for rent or to contribute. It tugs on your heartstrings more. "
With parents splashing out around ￡1, 886 on takeaway food, buying new furniture and upgrading their Wi-
Fi for the benefit of their offspring, it's easy for the returning children to put their feet up and make themselves at
home. That's before they learn a home truth-that one day it might be their own kids who'll be checking into the
hotel of mum and dad!
24. Which proverb might present the young British's living conditions? ______
A. A lazy youth, an awful age.
B. East or west, home is best.
C. Two heads are better than one.
D. Nothing comes wrong to a hungry man.
25. Which might be the reason for the increase of home birds? ______
A. The popularity of living independently.
B. Looking after their old parents.
C. The increase of unemployment rate.
D. Their parents' financial offer.
26. What's Emma Craig's attitude towards home birds? ______
A. Doubtful. B. Uncertain.
C. Objective. D. Understandable.
27. What is the last paragraph mainly about? ______
A. Returning to live with parents comes at a price.
B. Parents are willing to receive their returning children.
C. Flying the net is becoming popular at present.
D. Home birds take it for granted to live with their parents.8
It turns out that overworking your brain with either physical or mental exercise may lower your ability to
delay self-satisfaction. And that may set you up for poor choices in your self-care and finances.
A new study published in the journal Current Biology asked excellent endurance athletes to overtrain for
three out of 9 weeks, and compared them to a group who did a normal 9-week training program.
Not only did those overworked athletes perform worse on a cycling test at the end of the overtraining, MRIs
of their brains during behavioral tasks showed more exhaustion in the cognitive control part of the brain system.
"Cognitive control in this situation is the capacity to maintain exercise despite things like muscle pain," said study
author Bastien Blain, a research associate at University College London. “And what we found is that there is an
intelligence factor involved in exercising and it has a limited capacity. You cannot use it forever.''
In other words, your brain will burn out and affect your body's ability to exercise. But that's not all.
Overworking that part of the brain also reduced the athletes' abilities to resist temptation of an immediate
reward."For example, they were asked whether they preferred $10 now or $50 in six months," Blain said. “And
those who overtrained were more likely to choose the immediate reward, which is interesting. It could provide a
mechanism to explain why some athletes are using drugs to improve their performance."
One caution about the exercise study is that it only looked at endurance athletes, said. Dr. Mare-Andre
Cornier, who is associate director of Colorado University's Anschutz Health and Wellness Center. "This is
potentially very important for the higher end athlete who is overdoing it," he said.“But does this have anything to
do with the average Joe going to the gym? You can't conclude that from this study."
28. According to Paragraph 3 we know that__________.
A. Overworked athletes did well in their training.B. A limited capacity can't be used forever.
C. The intelligence factor can't be used forever. D. Cognitive control is the ability to start exercise.
29. Why did overworked athletes tend to choose the immediate reward?
A. Because overtraining led to their bad decisions.
B. Because all parts of their brain were tired.
C. Because they were too eager to succeed.
D. Because they took drugs to improve their performance.
30. What is the passage mainly about?
A. A study about self-satisfaction. B. Negative effects of too much exercise.
C. The relation between brain and exercise. D. Poor choices in people's self care and finances.
31. What can we infer from the passage ?
A. There is a limit to the brain.B. Higher end athletes have great potential
C. Top athletes possibly suffer from overtraining.
D. Delaying self-satisfaction results in better performance.
9
Standing outside the enclosure (围场) at Polar Park, somewhere behind the wire are five Norwegian grey
wolves. These are just big dogs, I keep thinking to myself. And they've probably had breakfast already.
Stig Sletten, Polar Park's animal manager, says, "Once you're in with the wolves, lie down and don't stare
them in the eve. Let them approach you. Don't stick your hands out. And absolutely don't stick your tongue out."
That we're about to enter a cage full of "socialized" wolves is all down to Stig and his devoted team. It was Stig
who founded Polar Park—way back in 1994. And it was Stig and his team who raised the park's wolves from
birth.
"These wolves have all been brought up to be comfortable among humans," he explains. “Allowing them to
meet visitors is actually a good way to reduce boredom and stress." Confident that we understand the strict rules
of engagement, Stig opens the enclosure and we all follow him. Within seconds the pack is running toward us,
eyes forward, long noses down. For an exposed human, the first approach of five grey wolves, socialised or not, is
a slight unrest, heart-quickening experience.
But any sense of trepidation (惶恐) is quickly replaced by delight. The five wolves turn out to be fun and
curious, as eager to check us out as we are them, Soon humans and wolves are bonding well, and I can't believe
I'm touching the stomach of a fully grown female wolf.
"There are a lot of negative impressions about wolves. both in Norway and across the world," says Stig, as
we sit around the table. "One of our main aims here is to educate both locals and visitors about Arctic animals and
the value of preserving Norway's natural heritage. Once they've got touch with the wolves of Polar Park, many of
our visitors will leave with a different view.”
That night one wolf of the pack from our morning encounter approaches our base camp and stares into the
tent, but none of us are afraid.
32. How does the author feel before approaching wolves?
A. Desperate. B. Nervous.
C. Peaceful D. Puzzled.
33. What should visitors do when encountering wolves according to Stig?
A. Lie down without panic B. Reach out hands quickly.
C. Look wolves in their eyes. D. Stick out tongues occasionally.
34. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Grey wolves are endangered
B. Wolves bring people more hurt
C. Stig's aim has changed completely.
D. Stig has changed people's opinion on wolves.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Stig: A wolf enthusiast
B. Norway: A wolf at the door
C. Norway: A wolf's final destination
D. Wolves: A kind of endangered species
10
For more than three decades, Deirdre Taylor only knew the firefighter who saved her life through the black-
and-white photos on the front page of the New York Daily News, on Dec. 30, 1983.
She was only 4 then, a blond, wide-eyed toddler pictured in the paper in the arms of the firefighter, Eugene
Pugliese, who had just carried her out of her burning apartment building. Taylor, now a registered nurse in
Alexandria, Virginia, kept the Daily News article for years. She wished as she got older that she could find
Pugliese and thank him-a desire that intensified after she became an emergency room nurse, as she learned how
rare it was to hear back from patients she encountered on the worst days of their lives.
But she hadn’t lived in New York since the fire, and didn’t know where to start. She periodically searched his
name on Google, finding nothing. Finally, in March, Taylor thought she may have one last chance to find him.
With her family’s support, she decided to move from Virginia to New York for eight weeks to work in an
overwhelmed Manhattan emergency room- trying to help save the lives of coronavirus patients, while searching
for the man who saved hers.
“When I was packing my bags, I packed the Daily News article with me, ____①____ “ Taylor, 40, said, “and
I told myself that one of the things I’m going to accomplish while I’m here is track him down, or track a family
member down, and just say thank you. “
Pugliese, 75, had never had someone track him down to say thank you before, he said. For decades, the Daily
News front-page article hung in his office. How could he forget Deirdre? “I've had her picture on my wall for 24
years,” he said.
He remembers the day clearly. It began when a man came running up yelling that there was a fire. Pugliese
rushed to the burning building, where thick smoke was pouring out of a sixth-floor apartment. He went into and
found it engulfed in flames. Taylor’s mother was crying, “My baby! My baby!” Pugliese remembered. He quickly
helped her out of the room before returning on his hands and knees, crawling through the burning studio andblinding smoke for about six feet, when he felt the child. She was unconscious. He carried her to the living room,
where he gave her mouth-to-mouth breath to bring her back. He rushed down the six flights of stairs to get her to
an ambulance, when to Pugliese’s relief, she woke up and started to cry. “ _____②____ I was just in the right
place at the right time,” Pugliese said. Pugliese later received a medal for Taylor’s rescue, in a ceremony that is
among his most prized memories.
Taylor’s first two weeks in New York were overwhelming, as she and her colleagues dealt with patient after
patient struggling to breathe. During her time off, she tried on one occasion to go to the firehouse where Pugliese
worked, only to find a sign on the door discouraging visitors due to covid-19. But finally, last week, Taylor caught
a break. A group of firefighters came to the ER to deliver the medical staff pizzas for dinner, to show their
appreciation. Taylor explained to them that she was trying to find a likely retired fireman from Ladder No. 20, and
did they have any suggestions on how to start?
One of the firemen gave her a phone number to connect her with the fire chief.
“Oh, Gene?” the chief told her. “He stops by the firehouse all the time.”
“ _____③____ “ Taylor said, “I couldn’t believe it. I really didn’t think he was still going to be around. I
really thought I was going to hit a dead end.” He said, “Yeah, I have his phone number in my cellphone.”
The chief phoned Pugliese right away. Less than an hour later, Taylor’s phone rang. “It’s Gene Pugliese,” he
said. “I’m the firefighter who rescued you that day.” Finally, Taylor told him what she had been meaning to say.
Taylor said she could only describe the moment as surreal. Pugliese asked if her hair was still blond. It was. He
told her the story of the fire, and she told him the story of her life afterward. They learned they had plenty in
common. Both were die-hard Yankees fans. Both spent time in the military.
After the call, Pugliese said, “ ____④____ I cried for the rest of the day.”
36. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ___________.
A. it is impossible to receive the feedback from the one you helped.
B. it is not urgent to find Pugliese because of Taylor’s busy work.
C. it is precious to receive the feedback from the one you helped.
D. it is Taylor’s responsibility to save the lives of coronavirus patients.
37. Why did Pugliese hang the Daily News picture on his wall for 24 years?
A. He was a responsible firefighter.
B. He has a long-lasting memory.
C. The rescue took him much effort.
D. The rescue was the highlight of his career.
38. In which blank can we put the sentence “My heart literally skipped a beat” ?A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
39. How did Pugliese feel after their talk on the phone?
A. He felt sad but relieved. B. He felt delighted and moved.
C. He felt shocked and grateful. D. He felt excited but awkward.
40. What is likely to happen after the call?
A. Pugliese and Taylor may meet in person.
B. Taylor may award Pugliese a medal for his rescue.
C. Pugliese and Taylor may work together to fight the virus.
D. Pugliese and Taylor may lose touch again due to the virus.
41. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. A Brave Hero B. A Dedicated Nurse
C. A Debt of Gratitude D. An Incredible Coincidence
11
Radio proved its importance during World War II ( 1939 — 45 ) with almost immediate coverage of events.
Between 1941 and 1945 , Americans tuned in to listen to breaking news from Europe, hearing about major battles
and the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii just moments after the actual events. News reporters such as Edward
R. Murrow (1908 — 1965) and William Shirer (1904 — 1993) offered insightful (有深刻见解的)commentary
and straight, hard news. Their example would influence the news anchors (新闻广播员)on the new media —
television, commonly called TV 一 for decades. Radio's golden age ended with the war.
The 1940s were the true beginning of the TV era. Although sets had been available as early as the late 1930s,
the widespread distribution and sale of TV sets did not really take off until after the war. Broadcasting stations
ignored many of their radio stations and poured money into TV after the war. Soon many radio dramas, variety
shows, and comedy programs were available on TV and radio was left with mostly music. For
children, new shows like Kukla, Fran, and Ollie and The Howdy Doody Show offered laughs. One of the
most popular early TV programs was a variety show called Texaco Star Theater, starring comedian Milton Berle
(1908 —- 2002) , that started in 1948.
As the decade continued, more and more people bought TV sets. Instead of circling around their radios,
people would settle in front of their TVs for news and entertainment. As TV became more popular, the
government set up regulations to ensure competition between stations, channels (频道)，and programs. The
1950s would see the new medium change dramatically( 明显的)with the introduction of color and other
technological advances.
42. Which of the following is right according to the passage?A. TV played an important role in World War IL
B. Radio disappeared with the end of World War IL
C. R. Murrow and William Shirer are excellent news reporters.
D. Americans picked up the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii just before the actual event.
43. What does the underlined part "take off' in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Copy. B. Remove. C. Be popular. D. Leave.
44. What can we learn from the last passage?
A. TVs has taken the place of radios.
B. The government made rules to limit the development of TVs.
C. During the 1950s TV changed better with the introduction of new energy technology.
D. As time went on, less and less people prefer radios.
45. What's the best title for the passage?
A. TV and Radio in the 1940s
B. Why Do People Prefer TVs
C. The History of Radio and TV
D. The Importance of TV and Radio
12
An author who surveyed 600 millionaires has claimed that she found the secrets of getting rich. Sarah
Stanley Fallaw, the author of The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth, got her
findings after she surveyed American millionaires in 2015 and 2016. The book is a follow-up to her father’s
research in the 1998 bestseller The Millionaire Next Door, which Thomas J. Stanley wrote with William D.
Danko.
Stanley Fallaw argues that resilience（抗逆力）in the face of refusal and strict goal setting are important to
building wealth. “To build wealth, to build one’s own business, to ignore critics and media and neighbors, you
must have the ambition to keep pursuing your goals past refusal and pain,” wrote Stanley Fallaw in the new book,
according to Business Insider. She added, “Millionaires and other economically successful Americans who decide
to climb the corporate ladder（企业晋升制度）, or struggle to create a financial independence lifestyle early do
so by pushing on without stop.”
Stanley Fallaw stresses the importance of setting goals and sticking to them, especially for budgeting. She
says that living modestly even as your income grows will allow you to devote a greater percentage of your income
towards savings and building wealth. “Most millionaires we interviewed stressed the great freedom that comes
from spending below their means,” Stanley Fallaw writes.The author says that the temptation（诱惑）to keep up with the spending habits of the people around can be
highly harmful to building wealth. Particularly in the age of social media, when lavish（浪费的）vacations and
new purchases are broadcast for the world to see, the perseverance（坚持）to live thriftily（节俭地）is
important, Stanley Fallaw argues.
46. What was Sarah Stanley Fallaw’s book based on?
A. Her own life experiences.
B. Surveys on the American millionaires.
C. Her father’s book The Millionaire Next Door.
D. Her father’s partner William D. Danko’s advice.
47. Which is NOT the important quality for building wealth according to Stanley Fallaw?
A. Listening to others’ critics. B. Persevering through failure.
C. Sticking to your goals. D. Living a thrift life.
48. What is harmful for people to build wealth?
A. To live thriftily.
B. To follow others’ spending habits.
C. To avoid the temptation of new purchases.
D. To keep away from lavish vacations.
49. What is the best title of the passage?
A. What People Should Read B. Why We Need Strict Goals
C. How Millionaires Get Rich D. When People Will Become Millionaires
13
As the dangerous Hurricane Delta closed in on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, Ricardo Pimentel opened his
home — to about 300 dogs.
Not surprisingly, the house smelled terrible, he said. But it was worth it: All survived the storm. “It doesn’t
matter if the house is dirty. It can be cleaned,” he said. “The things they broke can be fixed or bought again, but
what’s beautiful is to see them happy, healthy and safe, without wounds and with the possibility of being
adopted.”
It all started with an Oct. 6 social media post. Pimentel told friends he had cut branches and boarded up
windows at the Tierra de Animales shelter he founded nearly a decade ago about 20 miles southwest of Cancun,
where he also lives with his family. He warned of the hurricane’s disastrous power. Concerned that stores might
remain shut after the storm, leading to food shortages, he asked for donations.
To keep the dogs safe from the storm, he moved them inside. It took hours to lead hundreds of them indoorsby leash(皮带).
A following online post included photos of what looked like a carpet in his hallway. A closer look showed
that the carpet was alive — many, many dogs, crowded together. The post was shared widely on social media and
grabbed headlines across the globe.
Afterwards, he was surprised by the generosity of people from around the world who donated thousands of
dollars. It was, he said, perhaps the biggest fundraising moment since he founded Tierra de Animales. And local
residents stepped forward to help clean up the damage at the shelter.
50. How did Pimentel save the dogs from the storm?
A. He asked for adoption of them. B. He kept them inside his house.
C. He tied them with belts. D. He moved them out.
51. What was people’s response towards Pimentel’s deeds?
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful.
C. Disappointed. D. Optimistic.
52. Which of the following can best describe Pimentel?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious.
C. Caring. D. Demanding.
53. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. The biggest fundraising moment
B. The best way to take care of dogs
C. A man sheltered 300 dogs from Hurricane Delta
D. A dangerous hurricane hit Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula
14
In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and
share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.
Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen.
Identity(身份) and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. Rather, a person’s thoughts—or at least the thoughts
they type—are what really count. So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.
Usually, this “faceless” communication doesn’t create problems. Identity doesn’t really matter when you’re
in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this stress on the ideas themselves makes the Internet a great
place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat?
But some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with. They’re looking for serious love
relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of theserelationships actually succeed. Others fail.
Supporters say that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually(智力地) first.
Personal appearance doesn’t get in the way. But others argue that no one can truly know another person in
cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can
carefully change their words to fit whatever image(形象) they want to give. In a sense, they’re not really
themselves.
All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a
love relationship. With so many unknowns, it’s easy to let one’s imagination “fill in the blanks.” This unavoidably
leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite
different than the real person.
So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Clifford Stoll: “Life in the real world is far
richer than anything you’ll find on a computer screen.”
54. What do we know about the passage?
A. It is possible that people can’t find true love online.
B. Appearance is important for relationship online.
C. A shy person will definitely become talkative online.
D. People are encouraged to create images in cyberspace.
55. What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us?
A. The face is the reflection of heart.
B. Don’t judge a book by its cover.
C. Things are not always what they seem.
D. Inner beauty is more important than appearance.
56. What does “this” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. One’s imagination. B. Love relationship.
C. The online friend. D. The real friend.
57. What is the author’s attitude towards looking for love cyberspace?
A. Positive. B. Disappointing.
C. Unconcerned. D. Objective.
15
A small piece of fish each day may keep the heart doctor away. That's the finding of an extensive study of
Dutch men in which deaths from heart disease were more than 50 percent lower among those who consumed at
least an ounce of salt water fish per day than those who never ate fish.The Dutch research is one of three human studies that give strong scientific backing to the long-held belief
that eating fish can provide health benefits, particularly to the heart.
Heart disease is the number-one killer in the United States, with more than 550,000 death occurring from
heart attacks each year. But researchers previously have noticed that the incidence of heart disease is lower in
cultures that consume more fish than Americans do. There are fewer heart disease deaths, for example, among the
Eskimos of Greenland, who consume about 14 ounces of fish a day, and among the Japanese, whose daily fish
consumption averages more than 3 ounces.
For 20 years, the Dutch study, followed 852 middle-aged men, 20 percent of whom ate no fish. At the start of
the study, the average fish consumption was about two-thirds of an ounce each day, with more men eating lean
fish than fatty fish.
During the next two decades, 78 of the men died from heart disease. The fewest deaths were among the
group who regularly ate fish, even at levels far lower than those of the Japanese or Eskimos. This relationship
was true regardless of other factors such as age, high blood pressure, or blood cholesterol levels.
58. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The Dutch research has proved that eating fish can help to prevent heart disease.
B. Heart doctors won't call your house so long as you keep eating fish each day.
C. Among all the diseases heart disease is the most dangerous in America.
D. There's a low incidence of heart disease in such countries as Japan and Greenland.
59. The underlined part "this relationship" refers to the connection between_________and the incidence of heart
disease.
A. the amount of fish eaten B. regular fish-eating
C. the kind of fish eaten D. people of different regions
60. The passage is mainly about .
A. the high incidence of heart disease in some countries
B. the effect of fish eating on people's health
C. the changes in people's diet in recent years
D. the daily fish consumption of people in different cultures
61. Why is heart disease the most dangerous killer in the United States?
A. Because American people drink too much spirits. B. Because there are a great many fat people there.
C. The author doesn't give a definite answer.D. Because American people eat too much fatty fish.
62. How many lives could probably be saved each year in the United States by eating fish according to the Dutch
study?A. 550,000 B. 275,000 C. 110,000 D. 852
