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专题 20 阅读理解（主旨大意题）
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）
Boston wants to be smarter. The city has taken advantage of technologies to become more responsive to its
residents' needs. But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities liveable. Boston has discovered that it
also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with city life.
Kris Carter rolled out Boston's smart city program in 2014. It started with an App that residents could
download to report locations where sidewalks needed repair. The city sorted out those reports and ranked them in a
database, which repair crews used to prioritize their work.
The system worked beautifully, except for one problem: most of the alerts(警报) came from wealthier
neighborhoods, where the concentration of smartphone - equipped residents was highest. ＂The complaints from
the App didn't always correlate with the greatest community need for repairs, " explains Carter.
Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives of letting tech-
savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what problems people in
different neighborhoods care about solving. When it came to sidewalks, Boston introduced a second method of
collecting repair tips, hiring people to get out and walk the city's 1,700 miles of sidewalks to take notes on their
condition.
Whether using low-tech or high-tech approaches, says Carter, to stay smart, a city needs to continually
reassess its options to spot opportunities to improve residents' lives. Take the sidewalk repair program, walking on
the streets was proved a useful, if inefficient way to prioritize repair needs. But last year the group found that
walkers' mobile phones could be tracked as they moved along the streets, and that data could be analyzed to
identify sidewalk routes which are most often used by neighborhoods.
“Combined with our other sidewalk information, that gave us an even better way to predict where faster
repairs would do the most good," says Carter,"We're really always looking for whatever mix of approaches best
solves the problem."
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．The citizens' life. B．The city's reputation.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．The city's management. D．The benefits of technology.
2．What problem did Kris Carter's team meet when carrying out their program?
A．They faced many technical obstacles.
B．They couldn't serve all residents well.
C．They were not supported by residents.
D．They were annoyed by being short-staffed.
3．Which of the following might Kris Carter most agree with?
A．Maximizing the benefits of technology.
B．Mixing approaches for solving problems.
C．Giving full play to the power of residents.
D．Letting tech companies be a leading role.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Smart City: More Than Just Tech
B．A City with Intelligent Facilities
C．Joint-effort in City Construction
D．The Modernization of a City
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了波士顿在利用高科技管理城的同时使用传统办法以实现城市有效
管理，成就现代智慧城市。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But technology alone is not sufficient to make today's cities livable. Boston
has discovered that it also needs to reach the old-fashioned low-tech community and integrate that technology with
city life.”但是，仅仅依靠技术还不足以使今天的城市适合居住。波士顿发现，它还需要接触到传统的低智
能化社区，并将这种技术与城市生活结合起来。本段主要讲述了波士顿力争成为智慧城市，使用高科技更
充分地回应市民的需求，同时，城市也注重加强传统低智能化社区科技与生活的融合。所以第一段主要是
关于城市的管理。故选C。
2．推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“The complaints from the App didn’t always correlate with the greatest
community need for repairs, explains Garter.”嘉德解释说，来自应用程序的投诉并不总是与最大的社区维修
需求相关。根据第四段“Carter's group has moved away from the model common to many smart city initiatives
of letting tech-savvy(精通技术的）residents drive the process. Instead, they run meetings to find out what
problems people in different neighborhoods care about solving”可知，卡特的团队已经摆脱了许多智能城市倡
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】议的共同模式，即让精通技术的居民来推动这一进程。相反，他们召开会议，找出不同社区的人关心解决
的问题。克里斯卡特的团队在执行他们的计划时遇到的问题是不能为所有市民很好地服务，故选B。
3．推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句“We're really always looking for whatever ever mix of approaches best
solves the problem.”我们一直在寻找各种方法的最佳组合来解决问题可知，Carter想要寻找高科技技术与传
统方法融合的方式来满足城市管理的需要，故选B。
4．主旨大意类。文章主要介绍了波士顿在提高城市智能程度的过程中，既充分利用高科技，又充分使用
传统方法，以满足所有市民的需要，它是一座不仅仅以高科技来成就的智慧城市，所以短文的最佳标题为
“ 智能城市：不仅仅靠技术”。故选A。
2.（2023·广东潮州·统考二模）
In 2006, documents were published by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They
suggested that cloned animals and cloned animal products would be allowed into the American food supply.
The FDA has stated that cloned animal products are safe for consumption, and has performed many studies to
support this view. In fact, products from cloned animals have already been eaten by some Americans without ill
effects. The FDA analyzed the structure(结构)and content of cloned animal products and compared it with that of
traditionally reproduced animals, and discovered no statistical difference between the two.
Consumers raised serious concerns about cloned animals. The first is the question of whether or not cloned
tissue and animal products are truly safe. The second is that many clones are also genetically modified(转基因
的)animals, which the FDA has said are unsafe for human consumption. The third is that consumers want to be able
to choose what they put into their bodies.
The first concern about cloned animals is almost unnecessary due to the price of producing a clone. Making a
clone needs hard work and is very costly. These clones live spoiled lives because they are very valuable, despite
biologists' warning that cloned animals decrease diversity.
The second concern, about genetic modification of cloned animals, is more problematic. It may be very
difficult to separate genetically modified animals from normal ones. The purpose of genetically modified cloned
animals is unclear, and the FDA hasn't allowed their products onto the market, due to health concerns, but the risk
of genetic pollution of healthy animals still exists.
Finally, the matter of choice is a large one. Many animal rights activists are worried about clone rights because
cloned or not, the animals still have lives. Other consumers are simply trying to eat healthy foods, and have doubts
about the cloned animals. If the FDA does not make labeling (贴标签)laws, people may not be able to make
informed choices about their food.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】5．Why did the FDA allow cloned animal products for consumption?
A．They appeal to consumers very much.
B．They differ from traditional animal products.
C．They taste better than normal animal products.
D．They have been proved safe in several aspects.
6．What do we know about producing clones of animals?
A．It takes much more efforts and money. B．It provides some new medical benefits.
C．It needs less time than raising animals. D．It helps increase the diversity of animals.
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Cloned animals should be forbidden to enter market.
B．Cloned animals should have the same rights as humans.
C．Laws should be made to protect people's right to choose food.
D．Animal rights activists are strongly against cloned animal products.
8．What's the text mainly about?
A．Doubts about cloned animals rights. B．Discussions about how to clone animals.
C．Concerns about animal cloning technology. D．Worries about cloned animal consumption.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了食用克隆动物的三个忧虑。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“The FDA has stated that cloned animal products are safe for
consumption, and has performed many studies to support this view.”FDA已经声明克隆动物产品是安全的，并
进行了许多研究来支持这一观点，可知，FDA认为克隆动物产品在很多方面被证明是安全的，所以允许食
用克隆动物产品。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。由第四段的第二句“Making a clone needs hard work and is very costly.”克隆动物需要艰苦
的工作并且非常昂贵，可知，克隆动物花费了很多的努力和金钱。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。由最后一段内容，尤其是“If the FDA does not make labeling (贴标签)laws, people may not
be able to make informed choices about their food.”如果FDA不使用贴标签的法律,人们可能无法对他们的食
物做出明智的选择。可以推断出，应该制定法律来保护人们选择食物的权利。故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。这篇文章是总分结构，开头提出FDA建议允许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品
供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑，第一，克隆组织和动物产品是否真正安全的问题；第二，
许多克隆动物也是转基因动物，FDA表示是人类食用不安全；第三，消费者希望能够选择吃什么。第四、
五、六段分别仔细论述了这三个忧虑。可以推断出这篇文章主要探讨了食用克隆动物的担心。故选D项。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句
来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形
容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是总分结
构，该类文章的中心一般就在文章开头，即可找到文章中心。这篇文章是总分结构，开头提出FDA建议允
许克隆动物和克隆动物产品进入美国的食品供应。第三段提出了食用克隆动物的三个顾虑，第一，克隆组
织和动物产品是否真正安全的问题；第二，许多克隆动物也是转基因动物，FDA 表示是人类食用不安全；
第三，消费者希望能够选择吃什么。第四、五、六段分别仔细论述了这三个忧虑。可以推断出这篇文章主
要探讨了食用克隆动物的担心。故小题4选D项。
3. （2023·湖南常德·高三校联考期末）
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill,
chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)
shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-
inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese
aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The
exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China
—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang,
Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds
Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most
famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says. “China is no longer just
another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about
China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally
acknowledging that in many ways.”
9．What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A．It promoted the sales of artworks. B．It attracted a large number of visitors.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D．It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
10．What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A．They are setting the fashion. B．They start many fashion campaigns.
C．They admire super models. D．They do business all over the world.
11．What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．learning from B．looking down on C．working with D．competing against
12．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C．Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．D
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚界的影响。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in
Chinese influences.可知，此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。故
选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中Hill所说的话“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns
that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —
they are central to its movement.”(中国模特是向世界各地的女性推销梦想的美丽和时尚运动的面孔，这意味
着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。)可知，Hill说中国女性正在引领新时尚，
故选A。
11．词义猜测题。根据下文and beating them hands down in design and sales说在设计和销售上击败他们，由
此推断出上文Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs的意思是Vera
Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”，
故选D。
12．主旨大意题。本文通过Amanda Hill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时
尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。故选
D。
4.（2023·山西阳泉·统考三模）
At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their pocket money on unimportant things like candy and
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster
from Peru came up with the new idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to become economically
independent and financially intelligent - while also helping the environment.
Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first cooperative bank for kids. Possible members
have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank partners are
required to bank at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis. The waste is sold to local
recycling companies. The funds received are placed in the individual's account where they collect until his/her
savings goal is reached. The account holder can then take out his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to
grow for a bigger goal.
The youngster's determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student Bank had over 200 members.
Things have only improved since. Today, the eco-bank is proud of ten educational centers. They are designed to
teach over 3,000 teenagers to become economically independent, invest(投资) wisely, and help the environment.
Now the Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru. Not surprisingly, Jose's
efforts have earned the youngster several national and international awards, which won him about $ 5,500.
“Jose's eco-bank is a brilliant way of linking economy and climate effect, both in thought and practice. The
system clearly shows that the planet's common resources are limited and that we must recycle the products we no
longer use,” a judge said. “It creates viewpoint of consumption(消费). This way caring about the environment
becomes an investment, a system that gives children both economic independence and power to influence the
climate. The potential impact is amazing.”
13．In which aspect does Jose stand out from other kids?
A．He did better at studies.
B．He didn't like candy and toys.
C．He managed his pocket money more wisely.
D．He came from a wealthy family background.
14．What does “all bank partners” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Local recycling companies. B．The kids bringing in recyclables.
C．The bank staff working in the bank. D．The customers saving money.
15．What does the author mainly want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph3?
A．Jose's pioneering efforts were richly rewarded.
B．Jose helped 3000 teenagers pay off their debts.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Jose contributed to the environmental protection.
D．Jose's idea helped him win a prize worth $5.500.
16．What is the best title for the text?
A．Kids in Peru Are Changing Their Consumption Habits.
B．Peru Kids Learned to Become Economically Independent.
C．Jose's Idea is Raising Viewpoints of Environmental Protection.
D．A Peru Eco-Bank Teaches Kids About Finance And Recycling.
【答案】13．C 14．B 15．A 16．D
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jose创立了一家秘鲁生态银行，向孩子们教授金融和循环利
用的故事。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their pocket money on
unimportant things like candy and toys, Jose was busy saving money for more necessary things.（七岁的时候，当
他的朋友们把零用钱花在糖果和玩具等不重要的东西上时，乔斯却忙着存钱买更需要的东西。）”可知，
Jose比其他孩子突出的点在于可以更明智的管理零花钱。故选C项。
14．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first
cooperative bank for kids.（成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家儿童合作银行。）”及
“Once accepted, all bank partners are required to bank at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a
monthly basis.（一旦被接受，所有的银行合作伙伴必须每月至少多存一公斤可回收垃圾。）”可知，“all
bank partners”指的是带来可回收垃圾的儿童。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The youngster's determination paid off, and by 2013, the Bartselana Student
Bank had over 200 members.（这个年轻人的决心得到了回报，到2013年，巴特塞拉纳学生银行已经拥有了
200多名会员。）”和“Not surprisingly, Jose's efforts have earned the youngster several national and
international awards, which won him about $ 5,500.”（不出所料，Jose的努力为这位年轻人赢得了几个国家和
国际的奖，为他赢得了大约5500美元）可知，第三段主要通过事例讲述了Jose的努力所得到的回报。故
选A项。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Founded in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first
cooperative bank for kids.（成立于2012年的巴特塞拉纳学生银行是世界上第一家儿童合作银行。）”及文
章最后一段“This way caring about the environment becomes an investment, a system that gives children both
economic independence and power to influence the climate.（这样，对环境的关心就变成了一种投资，一种给
予孩子们经济独立和影响气候的能力的系统。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了秘鲁的一家生态银行
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】向孩子们教授金融和循环利用。故选D项。
5.（2023·辽宁·高三阜新市高级中学阶段练习）
A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can contribute to the development of self-
esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself). For example, Canadian scientists found that sixth-grade students who were
more physically active had considerably higher levels of self-esteem. A study in Switzerland found that teenagers
who took part in sports clubs were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and
generally being happier about their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where
participation in school sport was found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.
There seems little doubt that part of the potency (潜能) of sports lies in their social setting. There are a lot of
facts showing the importance of social connectedness (关联性) for healthy child and teenager development, and
sports offer a popular and engaging setting for social interactions. Involvement in team sports has been positively
associated with social acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by
positive coaching, progressive skill development, and peer support.
But, the social setting of sports can exclude as well as include. There is now evidence that boys’ and girls’
experiences of sports can be very different, and this can affect the contribution they can make to the self-esteem of
players. Peer acceptance seems to be an important factor in determining the relationship between sport participation
and self-esteem, and girls can be particularly sensitive to negative judgments. And studies have found that many
‘girly’ boys and girls benefit most from non-competitive physical activities.
So, a note of caution ought to be sounded in case sports are considered to be a cure. Much of the literature on
the most positive psychological (心理的) outcomes associated with childhood and youth sports stress the absolute
importance of positive experiences. It will surprise no one that bullying, excluding or abuse experiences will harm,
rather than support the development of self-esteem, and well-being in general. Sadly, it will also not be a shock to
learn that many children’s introductions to sports are far from improving the quality of life.
The great developmental psychologist Jean Piaget argued that the foundations of self-esteem were laid
between the ages of about 6 and 11 years of age. Importantly, this is also the time when children are most likely to
be introduced to sports. We should know the importance of positive early sporting experiences for the development
of both self-esteem and on-going participation in sports and other physical activities. Teachers, coaches, and parents
have a responsibility to ensure that these experiences ‘catch’ as many children as possible, and for this to happen
they need to remember ‘the principles of child development’: Children are not mini-adults.
Problems arise when adults forget these principles, and kid themselves into thinking that they are coaching
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】future Olympians or Super stars. Unluckily, evidence suggests that talented children are most likely to stand out
when they are given time to develop, to play, and to remain children.
Children are not miniature adults, and their enjoyment of sports (and their self-esteem) can suffer when adults
forget this!
17．Studies in Switzerland and Latino showed teenagers who often join in sports _____.
A．build self-esteem earlier
B．have more good experiences
C．are more sensitive to judgments
D．are healthier both physically and mentally
18．In general, the author’s attitude toward the influence of sports on teenagers is _____.
A．positive B．critical
C．uncertain D．tolerant
19．According to the author, when children take part in sports, they _____.
A．will be happier about their lives
B．are more likely to be attracted by competitive sports
C．should be treated by coaches and parents as super stars
D．will build self-esteem if given positive comment and support
20．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Children Should Take Part in Sports
B．Sports Offer You a Better Teenage Life
C．Sports Experience and Building Self-Esteem
D．People Should Treat Teenagers Like Miniature Adults
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．D 20．C
【分析】这是一篇说明了。主要说明了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，并提醒大家发展体育方向
要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A study in Switzerland found that teenagers who took part in sports clubs
were healthier, including being better socially adjusted, feeling less anxious, and generally being happier about
their lives. Similar findings were reported in a study of Latino students, where participation in school sport was
found to be greatly associated with self-esteem.” 瑞士的一项研究发现，参加体育俱乐部的青少年更加健康，
包括在社交上有更好的适应能力，不那么焦虑，并且总体上对自己的生活更快乐。在对拉丁裔学生的一项
研究中也报告了类似的发现，在该研究中，参加学校运动与自尊有很大关系。可知瑞士和拉丁美洲人的研
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】究表明，经常参加运动的青少年在身心上都更健康。故选D项。
18．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can
contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体
育活动可以促进自尊的发展。由此判断出作者对与体育运动对青少年的影响的态度是积极的。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据第二段中Involvement in team sports has been positively associated with social
acceptance and a sense of belonging, especially where such involvement is characterized by positive coaching,
progressive skill development, and peer support.可知，团队运动的参与与社会接受度和归属感呈正相关，特别
是当这种参与以积极的指导、进步的技能发展和同伴支持为特征时。由此判断出，根据作者的观点，当孩
子参加体育活动时，如果给予积极的评价和支持，他们会建立自尊。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A number of studies show that sports and other physical activities can
contribute to the development of self-esteem (a feeling of pride in oneself).”许多研究表明，体育运动和其他体
育活动可以促进自尊的发展。并结合全文理解可知，文章论述了体育运动与促进自尊的发展之间的关系，
并提醒大家发展体育方向要注意形式和方法，切勿把孩子当成小版的成年人那样急功近利地进行培养。C
项Sports Experience and Building Self-Esteem“体育运动经历与自尊心建立”切合文意。故选C项。
6.（2023·辽宁沈阳·沈阳二中校考三模）
TerraCycle is a company that has recycled and upcycled (升级改造) just about any garbage it can get its hands
on. It upcycles things like pens and markers into dust bins and picnic tables and cigarette ends into railroad ties.
Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book Make Garbage Great: The
TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. The book is part wake-up call, part history lesson, part how-to,
and part DIY arts and crafts instruction.
In an effort to help people do what they can to curb their contribution to the tons of waste created every day,
Make Garbage Great gives the history of various materials, discusses why those various materials are a problem,
and gives tips and DIY projects to recycle or upcycle each material.
There is a chapter each on plastics, metals, paper, glass, wood, rubber and organics. Each chapter is filled with
tons of tips and ideas for reducing the amount of waste you create and for responsibly handling the waste you end
up creating in your home. If you’re a conscious consumer, some of the information you may already know, but
there are also tips in this book that will help you recycle more than you thought you were able to. It has information
on where you can take old sneakers, pillows, and all that electronic waste that seems to pile up quicker and quicker
each year.
Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】before you buy or before you throw, anyone who is concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will
find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. It’s printed on tree-free paper and is a
reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the products that we waste.
21．What is the book intended to do?
A．To advertise for the company.
B．To help families make money.
C．To instruct people to learn arts.
D．To help families reduce waste.
22．What can we know about the book?
A．It is intended for housewives.
B．It is environmentally friendly.
C．It is well received all over the world.
D．It is not different from other paper books.
23．What does the author’s attitude towards the book?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Doubtful. D．Objective.
24．What could be the best title for the text?
A．Live A More Healthy Life?
B．Want A Zero-waste Lifestyle?
C．TerraCycle — A Responsible Company
D．Make Garbage Great — A Key to Success
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．A 24．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于垃圾回收和升级改造的TerraCycle公司为了帮助人们
减少生活垃圾而出版了一本书，书中介绍了一些关于对废弃物品重新再利用的方法。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Now, TerraCycle wants to help families waste even less with a new book
Make Garbage Great: The TerraCycle Family Guide to a Zero-Waste Lifestyle. (现在，TerraCycle希望通过一本
新书《让垃圾变得伟大：TerraCycle家庭零废物生活指南》来帮助家庭减少浪费)可知，这本书的目的是为
了帮助家庭减少浪费。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的后两句Even the physical book itself is a bit of an inspiration. It’s printed
on tree-free paper and is a reminder that there is usually a sustainable (可持续的) alternative to many of the
products that we waste.(甚至实体书本身也有一些灵感。它印在没有树木的纸上，提醒我们通常有一个可持
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】续的选择来替代我们浪费的许多产品)可知，这本书的用纸不是由树制成的，这本书是环保的。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据全文尤其最后一段作者的描述Whether the book inspires you to get a little clever at
dealing with your waste or simply inspires you to think before you buy or before you throw, anyone who is
concerned about the amount of waste our culture creates will find some ideas here. Even the physical book itself is
a bit of an inspiration.(无论这本书是鼓励你在处理废物方面变得更聪明一点，还是只是鼓励你在买东西或扔
东西之前思考一下，任何关心我们的文化造成的废物的人都会在这里找到一些想法。甚至实体书本身也有
一些启发)可以看出，作者对这本书的态度是积极肯定的。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。本文主要内容是帮助人们减少生活垃圾和对废物的重新利用的方法。由此可知，B. Want
A Zero-waste Lifestyle?(想要零废物的生活方式吗？)可以体现文章的中心，适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。
7.（2023·吉林长春·高三长春市第五中学校考期末）
One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the so﹣called Mozart effect， which says that listening to
music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart can increase a child's intelligence． Some pregnant women
have even gone so far as to play Mozart recordings on headphones pressed against their bellies． And it's not hard
to see how Mozart's name became associated with accelerated development． He was history's greatest child
genius， performing astonishing music for kings and queens at an age when many of us were content with tuneless
singing "I'm a Little Teapot"．
So， if you have kids or you're expecting to have them， how seriously should you take the Mozart effect？
Will the child who doesn't listen to Mozart in the cradle （摇篮） be limited to an ordinary life？ Are you a bad
parent if your kids don't know about any works of Mozart？
Relax． There is no scientific evidence that listening to Mozart improves children's cognitive abilities． The
whole idea comes from a small study done in 1993， which found that college students who listened to Mozart's
Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major （K 448）showed some improvement in a test of spatial （空间的） skills．
This finding was later described as something extremely amazing by a musician， Don Campbell， in a book．
Campbell's claims about the super powers of Mozart's music were repeated endlessly in the media and fueled a
craze for Mozart﹣based enrichment activities． In 1998， for example， the governor of Georgia in the USA
requested funds to send classical﹣music CDs to all parents of newborns in the state．
Since then， scientists have examined the claim that Mozart increases intelligence and found no evidence for
it． The original experiment with college students was reviewed in 1999， and the increase in the students' spatial
skills was found to be negligible． In 2007 the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research asked a team
of experts to examine the scientific literature regarding Mozart and child development， and they found no reason
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】to believe that it increased intelligence．
25．People relate Mozart to children's intelligence development because he ．
A．owned extraordinary music talent.
B．could perform music as a child.
C．offered music to pregnant women.
D．was an royal Austrian composer.
26．What can we know about the small study in 1993？
A．It added to the popularity of Mozart's music．
B．It found no evidence for supporting Mozart effect．
C．It helped college students make academic progress．
D．It urged Georgia's governor to spread classical music．
27．What does the underlined word "negligible" probably mean？
A．Sudden．
B．Insignificant．
C．Average．
D．Steady．
28．What can be the best title for the text？
A．New Findings： Mozart Effect to Be Proved.
B．Secrets Uncovered： History of Mozart Effect.
C．Does Listening to Mozart Make Kids Smarter？
D．How Does Mozart Improve Kids' Intelligence？
【答案】25．A 26．A 27．B 28．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。本文主要就“奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力”这
件事情展开了讨论和研究，科学家们也对莫扎特提高智力的说法进行了研究，但没有发现任何证据。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the so﹣called Mozart effect，
which says that listening to music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart can increase a child's intelligence．
Some pregnant women have even gone so far as to play Mozart recordings on headphones pressed against their
bellies．And it's not hard to see how Mozart's name became associated with accelerated development．He was
history's greatest child genius， performing astonishing music for kings and queens at an age when many of us
were content with tuneless singing "I'm a Little Teapot"”可知，最流行的育儿观念之一是所谓的莫扎特效应，
它说听奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力。一些孕妇甚至用压在肚子上的耳机播
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】放莫扎特的录音。不难看出莫扎特的他是历史上最伟大的儿童天才，在我们许多人满足于无调子的歌唱"我
是一个小茶壶"的年龄时，他已经为国王和王后演奏了令人惊讶的音乐。所以人们把莫扎特和儿童智力发展
联系起来是因为他拥有非凡的音乐天赋。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“The whole idea comes from a small study done in 1993， which found that
college students who listened to Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major （K 448）showed some improvement
in a test of spatial （空间的） skills． This finding was later described as something extremely amazing by a
musician， Don Campbell， in a book． Campbell's claims about the super powers of Mozart's music were
repeated endlessly in the media and fueled a craze for Mozart﹣based enrichment activities”可知，整个想法来自
于1993年的一项小型研究，该研究发现，在D大调（K448）听莫扎特两钢琴奏鸣曲的大学生在空间技能
测试中表现出了一定的进步，这一发现后来被一位音乐家唐•坎贝尔（Don Campbell）在一本书中描述为一
件非常惊人的事情。坎贝尔关于莫扎特音乐超能力的说法被媒体无休止地重复，并激起了对以莫扎特为基
础的丰富活动的狂热。可知1993年的小研究增加了莫扎特音乐的受欢迎程度。故选A。
27．词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词所在的上下文句子“Since then， scientists have examined the claim
that Mozart increases intelligence and found no evidence for it． In 2007 the German Federal Ministry of
Education and Research asked a team of experts to examine the scientific literature regarding Mozart and child
development， and they found no reason to believe that it increased intelligence”可知，此后，科学家们对莫扎
特提高智力的说法进行了研究，但没有发现任何证据，德国联邦教育和研究部要求一个小组专家们对有关
莫扎特和儿童发展的科学文献进行了研究，他们没有理由相信这会增加智力。所以通过上下文的语境可以
判断出，可知的划线处的意思应该是“微不足道的”。所以和B项" Insignificant“微不足道的”意思一致。
故选B。
28．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段“One of the most popular beliefs in parenting is the so﹣called
Mozart effect， which says that listening to music by the Austrian composer Wolfgang Mozart can increase a
child's intelligence” 可知，最流行的育儿观念之一是所谓的莫扎特效应，它说听奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫
扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的智力。以及短文主要就"奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈•莫扎特的音乐可以增加孩子的
智力"这件事情展开了讨论和研究，所以C选项“听莫扎特的音乐能让孩子们更聪明吗？”为本段最佳标
题。故选C。
8. （2023·吉林·长春市第五中学高三期末）
Your brain isn't necessarily the same age as the rest of you． Now， it may be possible to predict how
quickly a person's brain will age throughout life based on tests taken when he or she is three years old．
A person's biological age may be a better indicator of their health than their real age． Brain age can be
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】measured using brain scans and machine﹣learning to determine if a person's brain looks older or younger than the
average healthy brain for people of the same age．
To find out if brain age might reveal anything about a person's health in midlife， Max Elliott at Duke
University in North Carolina and his colleagues assessed the brains of 869 adults in New Zealand who have
undergone regular medical and cognitive （认知的） testing since they were 3 years old．
When the volunteers， all aged between 43 and 46， underwent MRI brain scans， the team found that
their brain ages ranged from 23 to 71． Those with older brain ages performed worse on tests of cognition，
memory and IQ． The researchers also found that some people have a very advanced brain age but their bodies
seem to be ageing slowly， and vice versa （反之亦然）． However， the team found that those who had the
highest scores on cognitive tests when they were 3 years old went on to have the youngest﹣looking brains．
This suggests we might be able to tell who is at risk of accelerated brain ageing early in life． Researchers
hope that predicting brain ageing earlier in life could allow treatments for conditions like dementia （痴呆） to
be started sooner． This means treatments might have a better chance of working．
We don't yet have a way to treat brain ageing， but given the known benefits to the brain of healthy eating
and exercise， these aren't a bad place to start．
29．What helps predict the speed of one's brain ageing？
A．One's health condition．
B．A test result at the age of 3．
C．The actual age of one's brain．
D．A machine for medical check．
30．What is the purpose of Elliott's research？
A．To find out why people look older or younger．
B．To measure people's brain age at different stages．
C．To discover whether brain age can be measured by machines．
D．To explore the relationship between brain age and future health．
31．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？
A．The influence of cognitive tests．
B．The procedure of Elliott's study．
C．The information about volunteers．
D．The findings of the brain research．
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】32．What do the findings of the research imply？
A．We should test our brain age earliest possible．
B．People suffering dementia can go on working．
C．Brain ageing could be predicted at an early age．
D．Healthy eating and exercise can cure brain ageing．
【答案】29．B 30．D 31．D 32．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大脑的老化和人的身体健康之间的关系，同时研究人员指出，
可以通过3岁时的一个测试来检测出大脑的老化时间，以便采取有效的应对措施。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Now， it may be possible to predict how quickly a person's brain will age
throughout life based on tests taken when he or she is three years old” 可知，现在，根据一个人三岁时所做的
测试，可以预测他一生中大脑老化的速度。所以三岁时的测试结果有助于预测大脑老化的速度。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“To find out if brain age might reveal anything about a person's health in
midlife， Max Elliott at Duke University in North Carolina and his colleagues assessed the brains of 869 adults in
New Zealand who have undergone regular medical and cognitive （认知的） testing since they were 3 years old”
可知，为了找出大脑年龄是否能揭示一个人中年时的健康状况，北卡罗莱纳州杜克大学的Max Elliott 和他
的同事对新西兰869名成年人的大脑进行了评估，这些成年人从3岁起就接受了常规的医学和认知测试。
可推断出，Elliott的研究的目的是了找出人的年纪和身体健康之间的关系。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“When the volunteers， all aged between 43 and 46， underwent MRI
brain scans， the team found that their brain ages ranged from 23 to 71． Those with older brain ages performed
worse on tests of cognition， memory and IQ． The researchers also found that some people have a very
advanced brain age but their bodies seem to be ageing slowly， and vice versa （反之亦然）． However， the
team found that those who had the highest scores on cognitive tests when they were 3 years old went on to have the
youngest﹣looking brains”可知，当这些年龄在43岁到46岁之间的志愿者接受核磁共振脑扫描时，研究小
组发现他们的脑年龄在23岁到71岁之间。那些脑年龄较大的人在认知、记忆和智商测试中表现较差。研
究人员还发现，一些人的脑年龄非常高，但他们的身体似乎老化缓慢。然而，研究小组发现，那些在3岁
时在认知测试中得分最高的人，却拥有最年轻的大脑。可知，第四段主要讲述的是Elliott的研究结果。故
选D。
32．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“This suggests we might be able to tell who is at risk of accelerated
brain ageing early in life． Researchers hope that predicting brain ageing earlier in life could allow treatments for
conditions like dementia （痴呆） to be started sooner”可知，这表明，我们可能能够在生命早期就判断出谁
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】有加速大脑老化的风险。研究人员希望，在生命早期预测大脑老化可以使痴呆症等疾病的治疗更早开始。
可知，这个研究结果表明，大脑的老化可以在很早的年龄就检测出来，并可以采取相应的措施。故选C。
9.（2023·重庆江北·高三重庆十八中校考开学考试）
Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by Cameron, where Jack was frozen to
death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the floating door alone? It broke many people’s heart.
Two decades later, people are still asking the question, “wasn’t there enough room on the door for both of
them?”
Cameron once responded by saying it wasn’t a question of room, but buoyancy—if both of them had tried to
stay on the raft, he argued, the whole thing would sink.
But several guys from “Mythbusters”, an Australian-American science entertainment television program,
decided to test the theory themselves. They discovered that if Rose had took off her life jacket to the bottom of the
raft, there would have been enough buoyancy to keep both of them afloat.
When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack couldn’t be saved.
“The answer is very simple,” Cameron said. “Because it says on page 147 of the script that Jack dies. To
Cameron, it was an artistic choice to have the beloved character of millions, Jack drown into the cold sea. Jack had
to die because Cameron thought it would be best if we did.
“It was an artistic choice, the thing was just big enough to hold her, and not big enough to hold him,” Cameron
said. “I think it’s all kind of silly, really, that we’re having this discussion 20 years later. But it does show that the
film was effective in making Jack so endearing to the audience that it hurts them to see him die. The film is about
death and separation; he had to die.”
Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a variety of different ways. It’s not
about the door not being big enough: that’s just a practical method for his death. “Whether it was that, or whether a
chimney fell on him, he was going down,” Cameron said. “It’s called art: things happen for artistic reasons, not for
physics reasons.”
33．What do we know about the character Jack according to the text?
A．He intended to kill himself. B．He sacrificed himself to save Rose.
C．He didn’t have money to buy ticket. D．He lacked basic knowledge of physics.
34．According to Cameron, why did the audience argue about Jack’s death for 20 years?
A．They are fragile people. B．They don’t like the movie.
C．They love the character Jack. D．They are crazy about physics.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】35．Why was a chimney mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To introduce the structure of the ship. B．To show the original plan of the movie.
C．To present the missing part of the movie.D．To explain the unchangeable fate of Jack.
36．What is best title of the text?
A．Jack in Titanic Must Die. B．Big Enough for Both.
C．Cameron is Wrong. D．Jack could Survive.
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rose而死，但是二十年后
人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题，甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演卡梅隆。
对此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并给出了理由。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Do you still remember the scene in the famous movie Titanic, directed by
Cameron, where Jack was frozen to death in the icy cold water so that Rose could survive on the floating door
alone?”可知你还记得卡梅隆执导的著名电影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack被冻死在冰冷的水中，而Rose独自靠
漂浮的门生存下来的场景吗？由此可知，Jack这个角色为了救Rose而牺牲了自己。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But it does show that the film was effective in making Jack so endearing
to the audience that it hurts them to see him die.”可知但它确实表明，这部电影有效地把Jack塑造得如此受观
众喜爱，以至于看到他死去会让他们感到心痛。由此可知，根据卡梅隆的说法，观众们为Jack的死争论了
20年是因为他们喜欢Jack这个角色。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Since Jack was doomed to die, Cameron said, it could have happened in a
variety of different ways. It’s not about the door not being big enough: that’s just a practical method for his death.
‘Whether it was that, or whether a chimney fell on him, he was going down,’ Cameron said.”可知卡梅隆说，既然
Jack注定要死，那就有可能以各种不同的方式死去。这不是门不够大的问题：那只是他的一种死亡方式。
“不管是这样，还是烟囱掉在他身上，他都要死，”卡梅隆说。由此可推知，最后一段提到烟囱是为了解
释Jack无法改变的命运。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据第五段“When they presented their findings to Cameron, the director insisted that Jack
couldn’t be saved.(当他们把调查结果提交给卡梅隆时，导演坚持认为Jack必须死)”结合文章主要说明了电
影《泰坦尼克号》中Jack因为救Rose而死，但是二十年后人们仍在纠结Jack是否真的非死不可的问题，
甚至有人专门进行了试验并把结果提交给电影导演卡梅隆。对此，卡梅隆的看法是杰克非死不可，并给出
了理由。由此可知，A选项“泰坦尼克号上的Jack必须死”最符合文章标题。故选A。
10.（2023·高三重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Curiosity is what drives us to keep learning, keep trying, keep pushing forward. But how does one generate
(产生) curiosity, in oneself or others? George Loewenstein, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon
University, offered an answer in the classic1994 paper, “The Psychology of Curiosity.”
Curiosity arises, Loewenstein wrote, “when attention becomes focused on a gap in one's knowledge. Such
information gaps produce the feeling of deprivation (匮乏) labeled curiosity. The curious individual is motivated to
obtain the missing information to reduce the feeling of deprivation.” Loewenstein's theory helps explain why
curiosity is such a force: it's not only a mental state but also an emotion, a powerful feeling that drives us forward.
Scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers are often “so eager to get to the answer that we do not devote
enough time to developing the question.” Yet it's the question that stimulates (刺激) curiosity; being told an answer
stops curiosity before it can even get going.
In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some basic knowledge. We're not curious
about something we know absolutely nothing about. But as soon as we know even a little bit, our curiosity is
aroused and we want to learn more. In fact, research shows that curiosity increases with knowledge: the more we
know, the more we want to know. To get this process started, Loewenstein suggests, take steps with some
interesting but incomplete information.
Language teachers have long used communication in exercises that open an information gap and then require
learners to communicate with each other in order to fill it. For example, one student might be given a series of
pictures for the beginning of the story, while the student's partner is given a series of pictures showing how that
same story ends. Only by speaking with each other (in the foreign language they are learning, of course) can the
students fill in each others' information gaps.
37．When one notices a gap in his knowledge, he .
A．desires to fill it
B．tends to be afraid
C．might get tired and sad
D．will become focused on his learning
38．What does Daniel Willingham imply in the article?
A．Answers are more important than questions.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】B．Teachers should be eager to get to the answer.
C．Teachers know how to stimulate students’ curiosity.
D．Teachers are partly to blame for students’ hating school.
39．According to George Loewenstein’s paper, curiosity about something occurs only when you .
A．have read a lot of books B．know little about something
C．have some related information D．are given incomplete information
40．What is the article mainly about?
A．Why students hate school.
B．Why curiosity is important.
C．How to stimulate curiosity.
D．What makes people hungry for knowledge.
【答案】37．A 38．D 39．C 40．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。好奇心像一台发动机，让你在求知的路上突飞猛进、硕果累累。那么如何激
发好奇心呢？请看科学家们怎么说吧。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的The curious individual is motivated to obtain the missing information to
reduce the feeling of deprivation.可知，好奇的人会被激励去获取缺失的信息，从而减少被剥夺的感觉。由此
可知，当人们意识到知识缺口时，就渴望弥补它。故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段Scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers are often “so eager to get to the
answer that we do not devote enough time to developing the question.” Yet it's the question that stimulates (刺激)
curiosity; being told an answer stops curiosity before it can even get going.可知，科学家Daniel Willingham指出，
老师们往往“太急于得到答案，以至于我们没有投入足够的时间来研究这个问题。” 然而，正是这个问
题激发了人们的好奇心；被告知答案会在好奇心开始之前就停止了。由此可知，Daniel Willingham暗示学
生对学校的厌恶，部分要归咎于教师。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段的In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some basic
knowledge. We're not curious about something we know absolutely nothing about.可知，George Loewenstein在
他1994年的论文中指出，好奇心需要一些基本的知识。我们对自己一无所知的事物并不好奇。由此可知，
只有当你有一些相关的信息时，你才会对某事产生好奇心。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第一段中的But how does one generate (产生) curiosity, in oneself or
others?(但是，一个人是如何激发自己或他人的好奇心的呢？)可知，本文讲述了好奇心是怎样产生的问题，
针对此问题，最后三段对如何激发好奇心给出了科学的建议。由此可知本文主要谈论了怎样去激发好奇心。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】故选C。
11.（2023·天津市新华中学高三期末）
When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the surgery, I awoke to find a friend
of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his visit. But I will not forget that he
visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under the influence of a morphine drip
(输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of calculable gain or loss.
Our age, what we might call the age of economics, is strongly influenced by two types of relationships that
reflect the lives we are encouraged to lead. There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the
pleasure they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters. And there
are entrepreneurial(商业的) relationships, those that we invest in, hoping they will bring us some return.
Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of pleasure, those of usefulness, and true
friendship. In Pleasure Friendships, he said, “Tt is not for their character that men love ready-witted people, but
because they find them pleasant.” About the usefulness friendships, he said, “Those who love each other for their
utility (效用) do not love each other for themselves, but because of some good which they get from each other.”
Although we benefit from our close friendships, these friendships are not a matter of calculable gain and loss.
Consumer pleasures are lasting for only a limited time. They surround us for a short period and then they fade, like
a drug. Entrepreneur friendship, when successful, leads to the victory of personal gain.
It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in which each of us is offered only the
choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when we are led to believe that
friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合理的). Friendships are
not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without that particular reason. Shared experience, not just
everyday amusement or advancement, is the true basis of friendship.
41．The author mentions his operation in the first paragraph to ______.
A．recall one of his best friends B．advise people to visit sick friends
C．introduce the topic of true friendship D．talk about the experience of surgery
42．Consumer relationships center on ______.
A．the sharing of joy and sorrow B．mutual support in times of trouble
C．personal gain or personal loss D．immediate pleasure
43．The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument by ______.
A．explaining three types of friendship B．discussing questions
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．analyzing causes and effects D．providing examples and facts
44．The author seems to support the idea that ______.
A．friendships are a matter of calculable gain or loss
B．there are no specific reasons for friendship
C．short-term pleasure is the center of friendship
D．everyday amusement is the true basis of friendship
45．The best title for the text would be ______.
A．Friendship in Modern Times B．Friendship in Economic Recession
C．Friendship in the Age of Economics D．Friendship in a Fast Paced Life
【答案】41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了经济时代的友谊。作者通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者
接受他的论点。
41．目的意图题。根据第一段When I was 17 years old I had surgery because of a disease. The day after the
surgery, I awoke to find a friend of mine sitting in a chair across from my bed. I don't remember much about his
visit. But I will not forget that he visited me on that day, and sat there for I don't know how long, while I was under
the influence of a morphine drip (输液). We benefit greatly from our close friendships, but they are not a matter of
calculable gain or loss.“当我17岁的时候，我因为一种疾病做了手术。手术后的第二天，我醒来发现我的一
个朋友坐在我床对面的椅子上。关于他的来访我记得不太清楚了。但我不会忘记他那天来看我，在我注射
吗啡的影响下，他在那里坐了不知道多久。我们从亲密的友谊中获益良多，但它不是一件可以计算得失的
事情。”由此可知，作者在第一段提到了他的手术，是为了介绍真正友谊的话题。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段中There are consumer relationships, those that we participate in for the pleasure
they bring us. They are focused on the present. It is what brings immediate pleasure that matters.“还有消费者关系，
我们参与其中是因为他们给我们带来快乐。他们专注于现在。真正重要的是能立即带来快乐。”由此可知，
消费者关系以即时愉悦为中心。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Aristotle thought that there were three types of friendship: those of
pleasure, those of usefulness, and true friendship.“亚里士多德认为有三种类型的友谊:愉悦的，有用的，和真
正的友谊。”由此可知，作者试图通过对三种类型的友谊的解释来说服读者接受他的论点。故选A。
44．观点态度题。根据最后一段中Friendships are not without reason, perhaps, but they are certainly without
that particular reason. “友谊也许不是没有理由的，但他们肯定没有那个特殊的理由。”由此可知，作者似乎
支持友谊没有具体原因的观点。故选B。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】45．标题判断题。根据最后一段中It is precisely the non-economic character that is threatened in a society in
which each of us is offered only the choices of ownership, shopping, competition and growth. It is threatened when
we are led to believe that friendships without obvious recognizable gain are, in the economic sense, irrational (不合
理的).“在一个我们每个人只能选择所有权、购物、竞争和发展的社会中，受到威胁的恰恰是非经济性质。
当我们被引导去相信，没有显而易见的好处的友谊从经济意义上讲是非理性的时候，友谊就受到了威
胁。”由此可知，这篇文章最好的标题是《经济时代的友谊》。故选C。
12.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
Some scientists have detected a chemical on Venus (金星) that isn’t expected to be there, which leads them to
wonder what is producing the chemical.
Venus may look beautiful in the night sky, but it’s a harsh planet. Its clouds are made of acid. And its
atmosphere is so thick that if you could stand on the planet’s surface, you would feel like you were 3,000 feet under
the sea. It is the hottest planet in the solar system, with an average temperature of 464℃. Though people have often
wondered if Venus used to have life, most people don’t believe life exists there. Now, as a result of work by a group
of scientists led by Dr. Jane Greaves from Cardiff University, there may be reason to question that.
The scientists found a molecule called phosphine (磷化氢) in Venus’ atmosphere. On Earth, some bacteria
produce small amounts of phosphine in oxygen-free environments. Phosphine molecules aren’t very stable, so they
tend to break apart or burn up easily.
Many scientists believe phosphine might be a sign of life on other planets. So the scientists were puzzled when
they found signs of phosphine high in the atmosphere of Venus. They double-checked their result and it was the
same — high in the clouds there appeared to be too much phosphine.
That led the scientists to think about what could make the phosphine. They studied many ideas, from sunlight,
lightning strikes to volcanoes. But none of these could produce the amount of phosphine they detected. One
possible explanation for the phosphine is simple — life. For example, some sort of bacteria can somehow survive in
the acid clouds of Venus.
The discovery of phosphine on Venus has caused a lot of excitement. The scientists behind the study are eager
to do more research. Now, many other people are also looking to focus on the planet and perhaps even create
missions to explore Venus’ atmosphere.
46．According to Paragraph 2, what’s generally believed about Venus?
A．Life exists there for long.
B．It is an unlivable planet.
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．It is one of the hottest planets.
D．The clouds on Venus are thin and acidic.
47．What do we know about phosphine on Venus?
A．It is a kind of gas low in the clouds. B．It is a possible marker of life.
C．It contributes to the birth of life. D．It is stable in oxygen-free environments.
48．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The presence of phosphine. B．The amount of acid.
C．The instability of phosphine. D．The high temperature.
49．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Is There Life on Venus? B．Oxygen Spotted on Venus
C．A New Way to Explore Venus D．Will Astronauts Land on Venus?
【答案】46．B 47．B 48．A 49．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。虽然人们经常想知道金星上是否曾经有生命，但大多数人不相信那里存在生命。
现在，由卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯博士领导的一组科学家的研究结果让我们有理由对此提出质疑。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most
people don’t believe life exists there.”（虽然人们经常想知道金星上是否曾经有生命，但大多数人不相信那里
存在生命。）可知，人们普遍认为金星不适宜居住。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Many scientists believe phosphine might be a sign of life on other
planets.”（许多科学家认为，磷化氢可能是其他行星上生命的迹象。）可知，金星上的磷化氢可能是生命
的迹象。故选B。
48．指代猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“high in the clouds there appeared to be too much phosphine”（云
层高处似乎有太多的磷化氢）以及画线词后的“phosphine”（磷化氢）可知，that是指磷化氢的存在。故选
A。
49．标题判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most
people don’t believe life exists there. Now, as a result of work by a group of scientists led by Dr. Jane Greaves from
Cardiff University, there may be reason to question that.”（虽然人们经常想知道金星上是否曾经有生命，但大
多数人不相信那里存在生命。现在，由卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯博士领导的一组科学家的研究结果让我们
有理由对此提出质疑。）可知，文章主要是讲科学家们对金星上是否曾经有生命进行探索。所以选项A
（金星上有生命吗?）是合适的标题。故选A。
13.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century
Chinese antique.
The blue-and-white bowl was made by China's royal court during the Ming dynasty. It is now expected to sell
for up to $500,000, according to Sotheby's auction(拍卖)house in New York, where the auction will take place next
month.
The purchase was made last year near New Haven, Connecticut. “I was just hanging around there aimlessly.
But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price,” the owner said. Shortly after the
purchase, he sent photos of the bowl to auction specialists, who identified it as an item of historical significance.
Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who
ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷器)techniques. It's now valued between
$300,000 and $500,000, with the top estimate nearly 14,300 times the amount it was purchased for.
“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth
porcelain body, silky glaze(上釉)and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,”
McAteer, an auction specialist, said.
“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques and elevated the importance of porcelain from being
an ordinary bowl into a true work of art. This small bowl has both practical and artistic value, ”McAteer said.
50．What can we infer about the bowl's owner?
A．He found the bowl by accident.
B．He hesitated during the purchase.
C．He doubted whether the bowl was real.
D．He bought the bowl because it was cheap.
51．What makes the bowl so precious?
A．The blue color on it. B．The long history it has.
C．The people who made it. D．The unique techniques used.
52．What does the underlined word “elevated” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Forsaw. B．Promoted.
C．Assessed. D．Acknowledged.
53．What's the best title of the text?
A．An Amazing Bowl B．A Special Yard Sale
C．The Return of Porcelains D．A Man Making Fortune
【答案】50．A 51．D 52．B 53．A
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的
15世纪中国古董。
50．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“I was just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this
bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price”（我只是在那儿漫无目的地闲逛。但是当我看到这个碗
的时候，我甚至没有对35美元的要价进行砍价）可知，这个碗的主人偶然发现了它。故选A。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from
the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain (瓷
器)techniques.”（经仔细观察，发现该工艺品起源于1403年至1424年的永乐年间，这一时期以其独特的瓷
器工艺而闻名。）可知，独特的工艺使这只碗如此珍贵。故选D。
52．词义猜测题。根据第六段第一句中的“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques”（永乐皇
帝改进了制瓷技术）和下文的“from being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art.（从普通的碗变成真正的
艺术品。） ”可知，此处是指提高了瓷器的重要性，所以elevated意为“提高”。故选B。
53．标题判断题。文章为新闻报道，首段为导语，是本文的主旨。根据第一段“A small bowl bought at a
yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.”（一只在康涅狄
格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。）可知，文章主要是报
道一个被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董的小碗。由此可知 “一只令人震惊的碗”可以作为本文最佳
标题。故选A。
14.（2023·天津·模拟预测）
Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most remarkable philosophers, Henry David
Thoreau.
Thoreau spent the years 1845-1847 living on the outskirts of society in a small cabin in the woods by the side
of Waldon Pond. He called this period of his life an experiment of intentional living and wrote this famous
paragraph：
I went to the woods because I wished to live intentionally, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I
could not learn what it had to teach，and not，when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I wanted to live
deep and suck out all the marrow（精华）of life.
There is great wisdom in Thoreau’s purpose here, and I think it’s very useful to ask ourselves this question：
What would our lives be like if we sucked all the marrow out of life?
If Thoreau’s quote sounds familiar, it may be from watching the film Dead Poets Society, a movie with deep
wisdom. The film is about young men at a boarding school as they prepare to do good in the world because they
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】have the privilege to bring about change. Their English teacher, played by Robin Williams, tries to convince them
that they should live life well now instead of believing that they will find happiness after they reach certain goals.
Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from Thoreau.
Sucking the marrow out of life sounds simple enough, but as a matter of fact, it may be the most difficult thing
that we can ever do. But it actually is as simple as it. Sounds—though “simple” is not quite the same thing as
“easy”. I can think of one barrier that often keeps us from living our best lives. What keeps us from getting the most
out of life is our desire for approval and fame. In the process of always looking for fame and glory, there is
the danger that we will stop living. In order to seek approval from others, we fail to find a sense of approval within
our own spirit.
When we become aware that we are missing so much out of life, we can decide that we want to make changes.
Our best move is to start small. If we are having a meal, whether a great festival feast or a modest supper, it is
always within our power to take it slowly and really feel, taste, and enjoy the food before us. Few of us can easily
do like Henry David Thoreau and get away from it all in the wilderness. But we can make small changes every
single day.
54．What wisdom is conveyed in Thoreau’s words?
A．Stay away from city life. B．Live one’s life to the fullest.
C．Only nature can bring happiness. D．One can never be too old to learn.
55．Why did the author mention the film Dead Poets Society?
A．To recommend a good film. B．To praise the teacher’s wisdom.
C．To further illustrate Thoreau’s wisdom. D．To state the film was adapted from Thoreau’s works.
56．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s seeking for approval?
A．Critical. B．Supportive. C．Sympathetic. D．Unconcerned.
57．How can people change life for the better according to the author?
A．Live in the wildness. B．Set higher goals.
C．Make small changes daily. D．Read more classics.
58．What could be the best title of the passage?
A．Ask for More：Thoreau Exposes the Meaning of Life
B．Sunk in Thought：Thoreau Outshines Ancient Philosophers
C．Aim High：Thoreau’s Practical Advice Ensures Successful Life
D．To Live Intentionally：Thoreau’s Philosophy Remains Valuable
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【答案】54．B 55．C 56．A 57．C 58．D
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了作者对于梭罗哲学的思考——人应该有意识的活着。他的哲
学在当今社会仍然很有价值。
54．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life.（我希望活得深
刻，汲取生命中所有的精华。）”可知，梭罗表达了人应该要充实的活着。故选B项。
55．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Part of his argument is conveyed by quoting this famous passage from
Thoreau.（他的部分论点是引用了梭罗的这段名言。）”可知，文章提及《死亡诗社》这部电影为了更深
入阐释梭罗的思想。故选C项。
56．推理判断题。根据文章第六段“What keeps us from getting the most out of life is our desire for approval
and fame.（阻碍我们从生活中获得最大收获的是我们对赞许和名声的渴望。）”可推断，作者对于人们对
于名声的追求持批判态度。故选A项。
57．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“But we can make small changes every single day.（但是我们每天都可以
做出小小的改变。）”可知，作者认为人们应该每天都做出小的改变才能生活的更好。故选C项。
58．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Let’s take a moment to consider the words of one of America’s most
remarkable philosophers, Henry David Thoreau.（让我们花点时间来思考一下美国最杰出的哲学家之一亨利·
大卫·梭罗的话。）”及全文内容可知，文章是对于梭罗的哲学进行的思考——人需要有意识的生活。他的
哲学在当今社会仍然很有价值。所以“To Live Intentionally：Thoreau’ s Philosophy Remains Valuable(活得有
意义：梭罗的哲学仍然很有价值)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D项。
15.（2023·陕西渭南·统考一模）
When I was a student at St. Joseph’s University, I began to spend time on the streets of Philadelphia, getting to
know the men and women for whom these streets were their only home. The more I developed relationships with
them and the more I got to know them, the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside.
In this journey, I have had many great teachers --- including Georgianna Simmons, who lost nine of her toes to
frostbite (冻伤), and Joe Williams, with a college degree, who runs a rescue center for homeless men.
I’ve been doing this work for more than thirty years. People who have nothing have taught me so much about
life. The lesson they have taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing,
education, employment, and healthcare. Contrary to our society, which values those it believes productive and rich
and often ignores those who struggle with homelessness, I believe that every man, woman, and child has gifts.
Everyone matters!
Therefore, I work for a society in which each person is given the chances and resources to achieve their fullest
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】potential (潜力). I also believe that our greatest power is released when people come together across social
boundaries (边界) to form a community. It is through “the power of us ” that we come to know the deepest truth of
our humanity. This is what I truly believe, “None of us are truly home until all of us are home.”
59．Which of the following is true about the author after he knew more about the homeless?
A．He wanted to make friends with them. B．He admired the life they were living.
C．He decided to live on the streets. D．He felt great pity for them.
60．What can we learn about Joe Williams?
A．He has made studies on the homeless.
B．He has been homeless for a long time.
C．He has done something good for the homeless.
D．He has taken care of the homeless at his home.
61．What can be learned from Paragraph 3?
A．The homeless are taken seriously by the government.
B．We should provide houses for the homeless.
C．The homeless have fewer chances than us.
D．The number of the homeless is increasing.
62．Which could be the best title for the text?
A．Everyone matters
B．How the homeless live
C．The best way to help the homeless
D．What we should do to help ourselves
【答案】59．D 60．C 61．C 62．A
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。当作者还是圣约瑟夫大学的学生时就开始关注流浪街头的那些人，那些人
无家可归，作者30多年来一直致力于帮助他们，尊重他们，他们使作者认识到他们也需要和我们一样的机
会，作者认为每个人都有天赋，每个人都有存在的价值。
59．推理判断题。第一段最后：“The more I developed relationships with them and the more I got to know
them, the harder it became to head home at night while they remained outside.”作者越了解他们，当他们还流浪
在外时，越难以自己回家，所以可以推断出作者对他们有深深的怜悯，故选D。
60．细节理解题。第二段：“……Joe Williams, with a college degree, who runs a rescue center for homeless
men.”Joe Williams开办了一家救济中心来帮助无家可归的人。所以Joe Williams为为无家可归的人做了些好
事，故选C。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】61．推理判断题。第三段：“……that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing,
education, employment, and healthcare.”无家可归的人需要和我们所需要的一样的机会，如住房、教育、就业
和健康。可以推断，无家可归的人所拥有的机会要比我们正常人少，故选C。
62．标题判断题。第三段：“People who have nothing have taught me so much about life. The lesson they have
taught me is that people who are homeless need the same chances we all need: housing, education, employment,
and healthcare. Contrary to our society, which values those it believes productive and rich and often ignores those
who struggle with homelessness, I believe that every man, woman, and child has gifts. Everyone matters!”，作者
在长达30多年与无家可归者的接触中，了解了他们，从他们那学到了有关生活的很多东西，而我们的社会
在忽视他们的价值，他们有天赋，他们每个人都很重要，这就是作者为此工作的原因，这就是作者写这篇
文章的主旨，所以选项A“每个人都很重要”最适合做文章标题，故选A。
资料整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
