文档内容
押天津卷 36~55 题
阅读理解之推理判断题+主旨大意题
核心考点 考情统计 考向预测 备考策略
【2023年第二次】 推理判断题：
Q42；Q45 1. 审读题目关键词
【2023年第一次】 2024 年高考天津
2. 根据语境的褒贬进行推断
卷还会考查推理判
Q40；Q41；Q48；Q50；Q54
推理判断题 断题，一般在试卷 3. 选项看端倪 ：，尤其关注含有特
【2022年第二次】
中考查占50%以上 别信息的选项，如意义绝对的词
Q41；Q43；Q46；Q47；Q48；
的阅读理解小题的 汇，all, never等。
Q49；
比率。以考查引
Q50；Q53；Q54 4. 关注否定词
申推断、目的和
意图、作者态度
5. 透过现象看本质 ：
为主。
【2023年第二次】 6. 忠实于原文
2024 年高考天津
Q45；Q55 卷还会考查主旨大 主旨大意题：
【2023年第一次】 意题，以文章标 去首段/尾段直接去找，留意反复出
主旨大意题 题，文章大意和段 现的词。
Q45；Q53 落大意的形式出现
【2022年第二次】 一般在试卷中考查
新闻报道，议论文和说明文:主题句
Q45 1--2个小题。
在首段。记叙文，议论文:主题句一
般在尾段·在文中反复出现的词，肯
定是文章的主题词。无主题的文
章，需要自己概括大意。
Passage 1
【2023年天津第二次】Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and
factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that
took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique
voice for each character.
Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms,
either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than alist of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is
emotional detail.
And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well.
Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that
the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our
curiosity, emotions and imagination.
Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning
obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures.
And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do
if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world.
This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to
connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape,
strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a
glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the
world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them.
49．What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”?
A．A child's imaginary world.
B．Voices of Mom or Dad.
C．An ancient art form.
D．Factual stories.
50．What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author?
A．Form and style.
B．Facts and figures.
C．Emotional and physical details.
D．A series of events and characters.
51．Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning?
A．It carries more wisdom and knowledge.
B．It is more widely available to young learners.
C．It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions.
D．It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting.
52．How can other people’s personal stories probably benefit us?A．By offering us more opportunities to know people.
B．By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world.
C．By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it.
D．By enabling us to tell reality from imagination.
53．What makes the best title for the passage?
A．The History of Storytelling
B．The Power of Storytelling
C．The Forms of Storytelling
D．The Art of Storytelling
Passage 2
【2023 年天津第一次】One freezing morning last February, I walked through Ontario Place. Trees were
frosted sculptures. Large chunks of ice floated in the lake. Then I saw a group of people in bathing suits bouncing
up and down in the water. They held hands, shouting and yelling into the sky. They looked and sounded so free.
I’ve always found cold water thrilling. The shock of it is like pressing a switch. It seems to reset my body and
soul.
And last winter, I definitely needed a reset. I woke up most mornings with a dull, grey feeling as I forced
myself out of bed to start the day. I needed something to cheer myself up, but I didn’t know what, until that day.
The ice warriors (勇士) emerged from the lake, their skin steaming. Trembling, they were yet laughing and
hugging each other. I called out: “You guys are awesome!” One woman waved back, “Come and join us! We’ re
here every Monday morning.”
The night before my first dip (游泳), I was excited and nervous. Cold water was one thing, but this icy lake
was a whole other level. Should I back out? Eventually, I got up in the dark and drove to the meeting spot.
After some wild warm up, I charged into the lake along with others. We yelled into the sky. Teeth chattering
heart rates slowing, fingers and toes going numb (麻木), we stayed there for somewhere between two and five
minutes. Knowing it was my first time, people cheered me on. It felt amazing. I was stupid with cold, but I couldn’t
remember the last time I’d felt so happy.
Now I go dipping almost every day, and I’ve come to long for that moment when the cold becomes a second
skin and my internal voice goes silent. Apart from the thrill of those first heart-stopping dives, which, ironically,
saved me from going under, what has drawn me is this community of generous, open-hearted souls.
We laughed together, often, but from the stories we’ve shared about ourselves, I know I’m not the only onewho faces life’s challenges. Holding hands in the freezing lake, we looked out for each other last winter and will do
so through this one.
It won’t fix everything in our lives—but for some reason, it helps. At the end of each session I return home
feeling stronger, lighter, more able to carry on. As another winter sets in, I’m more than ready to embrace the cold
again.
39．When the author saw the people in the lake, her feeling can be best described as __________
A．nervous B．amazed
C．frightened D．calm
40．Why did the author think of joining the swimmers?
A．To expand her social circle. B．To lift her spirits again.
C．To adapt to the cold weather. D．To prepare for a new career
41．What can be learnt about the author’s first dipping?
A．She hesitated a bit before going.
B．She suffered from a heart problem.
C．She stayed in cold water too long.
D．She regretted not doing enough warm up.
42．What change has cold water swimming brought about in the author?
A．She is more intelligent.
B．She gets more competitive.
C．She becomes a better storyteller.
D．She regains her inner peace.
43．What message does the author most likely want to convey?
A．Severe cold builds up character
B．Group wisdom brightens our life.
C．Tackling the odds together cures.
D．Doing sports promotes friendship.
Passage 3
【2023 年天津第一次】Most people with good sense would accept that we can and should learn from
accidental failures. It would be impossible to progress in anything, after all, without taking the occasional misstep.
And by understanding how we slipped, we can avoid falling in the future.
Few would advocate making intentional mistakes, however. Yet consciously erring (犯错) can promote deeperunderstanding and better recall. The phenomenon is known as the derring effect—coming from “deliberate (故意
的) erring”—and when applied properly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas of life.
In one experiment carried out at the National University of Singapore, participants were given the task of
learning concepts on a difficult subject. For some terms, they simply copied out the correct definition; for others,
they were asked to first add an error in their description of the term before correcting the mistake.
Naturally, you would expect the addition of the errors to have increased unwanted confusion.Yet the exact
opposite was true: the participants who made deliberate errors learned about twice as much as the people who
simply copied out the correct definitions.
The derring effect could be applied in other situations. So a music teacher may find the addition of deliberate
errors could help a student remember the right musical notes. Such a playful approach could fuel their creativity for
composition, if the student looks for ways to develop those wrong notes into something more attractive. It is
encouraging to discover that by readily accepting our errors and wisely placing ourselves in the way of being
wrong, we can in fact overcome weaknesses and rise stronger.
The derring effect could be useful for many other challenges too. If you enjoy cooking, for example, you may
faithfully follow a recipe without questioning the instructions. But why not try to break away from those habits and
deliberately do the “wrong” thing for a change, and see where your derring takes you? If you are
painting,meanwhile,you could relax one of the constraints (限制) that you usually put on your work and see what
you produce.
At worst, you will have refreshed and deepened your knowledge of the rules you normally apply, so that you
can be even more effective next time. At best, you may just find that you have discovered something completely
new and unexpected, through a flash of inspiration that you would have missed with perfectionism. Either way,
your apparent missteps will have moved you a little closer to true mastery.
49．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ____________.
A．a routine warning
B．a popular misbelief
C．a commonly-held view
D．a theoretical assumption
50．What can be learnt about the experiment?
A．Adding intentional errors facilitates learning.
B．Correcting mistakes is the key to learning.C．Errors contribute to confusion in learning.
D．Learners make fewer errors in difficult subjects.
51．According to the author using the approach mentioned in Paragraph 5 may result in _______.
A．disappointing performances
B．greater creative power
C．the discovery of problems
D．the admission of weaknesses
52．Which of the following would the author encourage you to do?
A．Strictly follow traditional recipes when cooking.
B．Avoid making mistakes and be a perfectionist.
C．Occasionally ignore traffic regulations.
D．Try unconventional coloring in painting.
53．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．The Challenge of Derring
B．Erring Prevents Failure
C．To Err is Fruitful
D．Errors: Accidental or Intentional
Passage 4
【2023年天津第二次】I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began
to race.
I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from the
restaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to
the violin shop the moment I came across it.
I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly
waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own
past.
My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was
like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to
acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.
Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. Thatsaid, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other
side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I
had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the
pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.
Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a
demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the
sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went
so wild with joy.
Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily
handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me
finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat
in the community orchestra …
39．What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind?
A．Her miserable past.
B．An unforgettable sport event.
C．The stories behind the violins.
D．Her childhood memory.
40．What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.
A．mindless and bad-tempered
B．caring and supportive
C．strict and demanding
D．tolerant and sympathetic
41．What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration?
A．The tune of the flutes.
B．The beat of the drums.
C．The sound of the violin.
D．The manner of the musicians.
42．What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra?
A．The steady improvement in her taste.
B．Her strong desire for success.C．Her natural gift for music.
D．The rapid progress in her ability.
43．What message does Tara's story convey?
A．It's never too young to learn.
B．A passionate interest works wonders.
C．Hard work will pay off in the long run.
D．Like mother, like daughter.
Passage 5
【2022年天津第二次】I’m an 18-year-old pre-medical student, tall and good-looking, with two short story
books and quite a number of essays to my credit. Why am I singing such praises of myself? Just to explain that the
attainment of self-pride comes from a great deal of self-love, and to attain it, one must first learn to accept oneself
as one is. That was where my struggle began.
Born and raised in Africa，I had always taken my African origin as burden. My self-dislike was further fueled
when my family had to relocate to Norway, where I attended a high school. Compared to all the white girls around
me, with their golden hair and delicate lips, I ,a black girl, had curly hair and full, red lips. My nose often had a thin
sheet of sweat on it, whatever the weather was. I just wanted to bury myself in my shell crying “I’m so different!”
What also contributed to my self-dislike was my occasional stuttering (口吃), which had weakened my self-
confidence. It always stood between me and any fine opportunity. I’d taken it as an excuse to avoid any public
speaking sessions, and unknowingly let it rule over me.
Fortunately, as I grew older, there came a turning point. One day a white girl caught my eye on the school bus
when she suddenly turned back. To my astonishment, she had a thin sheet of sweat on her nose too, and it was in
November! “Wow,” I whispered to myself, “this isn’t a genetic(遗传的) disorder after all. It’s perfectly normal.”
Days later, my life took an-other twist(转折). Searching the internet for stuttering cures, I accidentally learned that
such famous people as Isaac Newton and Winston Churchill also stuttered. I was greatly relieved and then an idea
suddenly hit me—if I’m smart, I shouldn’t allow my stuttering to stand between me and my success.
Another boost to my self-confidence came days later as I was watching the news about Oprah Winfrey, the
famous talk show host and writer—she’s black too! Whenever I think of her story and my former dislike of my
color, I’m practically filled with shame.
Today, I’ve grown to accept what I am with pride; it simply gives me feeling of uniqueness. The idea of self-
love has taken on a whole new meaning for me: there’s always something fantastic about us, and what we need todo is learn to appreciate it.
41．What affected the author’s adjustment to her school life in Norway？
A．Her appearance
B．Social discrimination.
C．Her changing emotions.
D．The climate in Norway.
42．What did the author’s occasional stuttering bring about according on Paragraph 3?
A．Her lack of self-confidence.
B．Her loss of interest in school.
C．Her unwillingness to greet her classmates.
D．Her desire for chances to improve herself.
43．How did the author feel on noticing the similarity between her and the girl on the bus?
A．Blessed and proud.
B．Confused and afraid.
C．Amazed and relieved.
D．Shocked and ashamed.
44．What lesson did the author learn from the cases of Newton and Churchill?
A．Great minds speak alike.
B．Stuttering is no barrier to success.
C．Wisdom counts more than hard work.
D．Famous people can’t live with their weaknesses.
45．What can best summarize the message contained in the passage?
A．Pride comes before a fall.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Self-acceptance is based on the love for oneself.
D．Self-love is key to the attainment of self-pride.
Passage 6
【2022年天津第二次】Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition(认知)? What about
our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists
who study Embodied Cognition(EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for
thinking or problem-solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equalmeasure.
If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing
sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around
them. They don’t have emotions so much as needs—they don’t feel sad, they’re just hungry and need food. Even
unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world，they cry when
they’re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to as-sociate being warm with being loved.
Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve
centre that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe
this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer,
processing everything and forming your reactions.
Further studies have backed up the mind-body interaction. In one experiment, test subjects(实验对象) were
asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their
fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects’
fingertip temperatures were measured after being“included” in or “rejected” from a group task. Those who were
included felt physically warmer.
For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比喻说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and
sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in
difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across
languages.
Now that you have the knowledge of mind-body interaction, why not use it? If you’re having a bad day,a
warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you’re physically cold, warm up before making any
interpersonal decisions.
46．According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in ________.
A．facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology
B．revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition
C．offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain
D．bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition
47．Where does the new borns’ understanding of their surroundings start from?
A．Their personal looks.
B．Their mental needs.C．Their inner emotions.
D．Their physical feelings.
48．The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove________.
A．environment impacts how we judge others
B．how body temperature is related to health
C．the mind and the body influence each other
D．how humans interact with their surroundings
49．What does the author intend to prove by citing the metaphors in Paragraph 5?
A．Human speech is alive with metaphors.
B．Human senses have effects on thinking.
C．Human language is shaped by visual images.
D．Human emotions are often compared to natural materials.
50．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A．To share with the reader ways to release their emotions.
B．To guide the reader onto the path to career success.
C．To encourage the reader to put EC into practice.
D．To deepen the reader’s understanding of EC．
秘籍01推理判断题
推理判断题不是选事实，而是有一个推理判断的过程推理判断一定要基于文本，要合理。
推理判断题一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断。
设问关键词：
infer(推断)
indicate(象征，暗示)
imply/suggest(暗示）
conclude(作出结论)
assume (假定，设想）
注意：
文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选根据文章推理出来的选项；
一定要忠于原文的观点，不要主观臆断；推理要能从原文找到依据，不要凭空猜测；一定要多注意转折处，答案往往会在此处周围；
态度题一定要重点品形容词和副词。
秘籍02主旨大意题
这类题型的标志词有：title、subject、main idea、topic、theme等。
做题技巧：
抓住主题句子快速掌握大意，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。
以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第
一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二、三句的关系。如果从第二句子开始就是对第一句的说
明、论述或者描述，那么第一句便是主题句。
有些文章会在开头列举事实，然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或者
综合性的话，最好先阅读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主题句的特征，
那么段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。
我们也可以通过将各段首尾串联，但也要注意转折句。如果文章开头有提问，回答的句子一般就是中心主
旨。
干扰项特征：
①选项概括片面，只含一段或者几段内容；
②表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据。
Passage 1
【2024届天津市河北区一模】On a cool autumn evening, while wandering through the streets of the old town,
my attention was captured by a charming bookstore located between towering buildings. The warm light through its
windows drew me closer, and without realizing it, I stood at its entrance, peering through the glass.
Earlier that day, after enjoying a pleasant lunch with friends, I had decided to explore the city on foot. Despite
passing through this part of town numerous times, I had never spotted the charming bookstore. However, on this
particular evening, something about it seemed irresistibly inviting.
Gently brushing away the fallen leaves from the window frame, I took a closer look inside. Rows of shelves
filled with books of various sizes and colors stretched across the small and friendly interior, each volume
whispering tales of adventure and wisdom. As my eyes moved over the titles, a wave of fond memories washed
over me, transporting me back to my childhood.Growing up, my world was dominated by sports and outdoor activities, often at my father’s insistence. He
would say, “You need to play football, Alex. It builds character.” Yet deep down, I always felt out of place on the
football field, my mind wandering to distant lands and heroic tales.
Every Sunday, after an exhausting football match, I would secretly go to my room and lose myself in books.
The characters became my friends, and their journeys provided my escape. I still vividly recall the overwhelming
joy I experienced when I first read about the adventures of a young wizard. His bravery and determination deeply
touched me.
One day, our school librarian noticed my passion for reading and suggested I join the book club. Hesitant and
unsure of my father’s reaction, I took the club flyer (宣传单) home, my heart racing with a mix of fear and hope.
To my surprise, he was supportive, his typically serious expression softening as he signed the permission slip.
Joining the book club marked a turning point. I discovered a community where I truly belonged, and my
passion for reading was embraced and nurtured. I began to craft my own stories, each one reflecting my dreams and
desires.
As I stood there, lost in these thoughts, the door of bookstore opened, inviting me in. Stepping inside felt like
coming home, a place where dreams and reality met. It was a reminder of how books had shaped my life, guiding
me through the challenges of childhood and inspiring me to find my true passion.
41．What was the author’s first impression of the bookstore on the autumn evening?
A．It appeared to be closed and deserted. B．It seemed disappointing and dark.
C．It was incredibly welcome. D．It looked modern and busy.
42．Why did the author’s father ask him to play football during his upbringing?
A．To improve his strong personal qualities.
B．To keep him physically fit and healthy.
C．To prepare him for a sports career.
D．To follow a family tradition.
43．The father’s act of signing the club flyer implies that he is ________.
A．strict and demanding B．mindless and annoying
C．considerate and approving D．protective and understanding
44．What effect did joining the book club have on the author?
A．It isolated him from social life. B．It made him give up on sports entirely.
C．It shaped the author’s personal growth. D．It changed the author’s view on reading.
45．What message does the author’s story conveyA．Meeting expectations. B．Pursuing one’s passions.
C．Exploring with excitement. D．Prioritizing physical activities.
Passage 2
【2024 届天津市河西区一模】Whether you’re considering gap time directly after high school, during
college, or a mid-career break, taking a year off is a great opportunity to learn through new experiences, grow
beyond your comfort zone, and get out of your ordinary routine.
If your hunger to travel the world, meet new people, and experience new adventures can no longer be ignored,
a gap year program is a great opportunity to volunteer abroad, teach abroad, intern abroad, or attend a language
school. Whether you’re attracted by a quick tour across country borders on multiple continents, or a long-term stay
in a near or distant city, the best way to spend your gap year is completely up to you!
Gap years are becoming increasingly common for students and young professionals. In fact, many find that
when applying for jobs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand out among a sea of qualified candidates.
Because of the popularity of gap years, potential gap year travelers have tons of questions like: Is taking a gap
year possible?
• Who takes a gap year?
• How much does a gap year cost?
• How can I make the most of my gap year?
• When is the best time to take a gap year?
• Will a gap year affect my college applications?
• What are the pros and cons of a gap year?
• Am I too old to take a gap year?
• Are there gap year jobs available?
Here at Go Overseas we have detailed information to help you have a year of meaningful growth through
exploring your interests, passions, and curiosities, as well as supporting your desire for experiential learning, either
locally or abroad. Go through gap year program listings and reviews, read through expert gap year advice and
ideas, and decide how to get the most out of your gap year.
36．What do you know about the gap year?
A．It is not worthwhile. B．It mainly suits school students.
C．It does more harm than good. D．It contributes to a new routine.
37．Who can consider taking a gap year according to the text?
A．People who have only been on the job for a year.B．People who always want to learn a new language abroad.
C．High school students who are tired of sitting all day long.
D．People who want to achieve work-life balance in the long run.
38．What does a gap year do for job seekers?
A．It makes little difference to them.
B．It makes their resumes look more authentic.
C．It makes their potential employers confused.
D．It increases their chances of being hired.
39．What is the purpose of the list of the questions?
A．To draw the attention of new gap year travelers.
B．To show the difficulties that a gap year traveler may meet.
C．To reflect what people might want to know about taking a gap year.
D．To explain why people should take a gap year into consideration.
40．What is this text?
A．A travel guide.
B．A guide to career choices.
C．An advertisement for taking a gap year.
D．Suggestions for having a wonderful school life.
Passage 3
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】How did one man prove that small kindnesses add up?
My family first met Wally Urtz, the gentle, modest manage of our local supermarket, on a windy day nearly 20
years ago just after we’d moved to Hasting-on-Hudson, a New York City suburb. As my wife made her way to the
store’s exit, attending her groceries and two small children, Wally rushed up beside her. “I’ll get those, young lady,”
he said brightly, taking her bags and leading her to the parking lot. Now that may seem like no big deal-except that
these days things like that so seldom happen.
Our story, as it turned out, was typical Among Hasting’s 8,000 people living here, almost everybody had at
least one about Wally’s politeness and generosity. There ware the times he’d reach into his own pocket when
someone was short of money; the times he’d show small kindnesses to someone who’d just lost a loved one or who
was in the middle of divorce; the many, many times he’d put himself out for older people.
“He just appreciated that when people get older, their lives get smaller-they don’t drive, their friends havepassed on and how much it means to be treated warmly,” one woman, Kathy Dragan said, “When my mother was
in her 80s, it was a treat for her to go to the store.” Wally would call out to the shop clerk and say, “You give her
whatever attention she needs.” She’d tell me, “He’s kinder to me than some people I’ve known all my life.”
Yet few of us fully understood what Wally meant to the people’s life of our community-until he was sent to
another store 20 miles away. For some unknown reason, the Food Emporium chain had decided to replace 67-year-
old Wally after 26 years due to “operational issues related to operating a store the size of the one in Hastings.”
No one could believe it. Word spread quickly. Neighbors called each other seeking the feeling of emotional
comfort. Some planned to bring Wally back and staged protest marches outside the store. Other flooded the local
newspaper with angry letters. The mayor look up the cause. Even the police tried to set things right.
A grocer seems an unlikely figure to set of such an emotional outpouring. What he did shows the remarkable
effect Wally-a man of endless warmth and good humor-had on people.
41．According to the passage which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Wally Urtz is always ready to help others every day.
B．Wally Urtz is a man who wants to draw attention to him.
C．Wally Urtz helped the author’s wife on purpose.
D．The author had known Wally Urtz before we moved to Hastings-on-Hudson.
42．The purpose of Kathy Dragan’s words in paragraph 4 is to show ______.
A．in the whole life of Kathy Dragan’s mother, Wally is the kindest person to her
B．when people get older, they would like to live by themselves
C．Wally had always cared about helping the older people
D．you should give your old mother whatever attention she needs
43．What’s people’s reaction to Wally Urtz’s being moved away?
A．No one paid much attention to it.
B．Many people objected to it in different ways.
C．The police supported it will all their heart.
D．The mayor thought it was a good idea.
44．It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．A person in the grocery can easily express his feeling out to others.
B．A person full of warm-heartedness and humor has a great influence on people.
C．The mayor didn’t look into the reason of people’s emotional outpouring.
D．The author had joined in the plan of bringing Wally back.45．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Wally Urtz and Old people
B．A Food Shopping Grocer
C．Wally Urtz’s Being Moved Away
D．The Heart of Town-a Man of Endless Warmth
Passage 4
【2024届天津市河北区一模】In today’s digital age, where a vast ocean of information is just a click away,
the question arises: can one learn too much? Given that no individual can grasp the entirety of human knowledge.
However, there exists a phenomenon where excessive learning can lead to inaction, a state of being overwhelmed
by too much information.
Consider a scenario where you’re eager to achieve a particular goal. You begin by conducting extensive
research, diving deep into the subject. As you absorb more information, it paradoxically (矛盾地) feels like your
understanding diminishes. Each new concept or strategy reveals further layers, making the goal seem more
complex and out of reach.
This situation is a common trap: the endless pursuit of more information. Although gaining comprehensive
knowledge is valuable, that is to say there’s nothing wrong with learning a lot, issues arise when this pursuit
obstructs practical application. If learning continuously prevents you from starting, you’ll find yourself stuck,
unable to achieve your desired outcomes.
An alternative and more effective approach to achieving goals is to strike a balance between learning and
doing. Gather essential information, then transition into action swiftly, even if you feel somewhat unprepared. This
is often the best way to learn, as hands-on experience provides insights that theoretical knowledge alone cannot.
The comparison with a baby learning to walk is a good example here. A baby doesn’t learn to walk by sitting
and analyzing the process. Instead, it learns by attempting to walk, falling, and then understanding from each fall
what works and what doesn’t. Through repeated effort, walking is eventually mastered. This method is applicable
to goal achievement too. By engaging in action, learning from the outcomes, and adjusting accordingly, you
gradually move closer to your goals.
In summary, while the pursuit of knowledge is valuable, it’s crucial not to let it become a barrier to action.
Learning should be a stepping stone to doing, not an end in itself. It’s through the interplay of gathering knowledge
and applying it that we can truly progress towards our aspirations. This balanced approach is key to overcoming the
paralysis of overlearning and actively moving towards realizing your ambitions.51．What problem does the digital age present in learning?
A．Too much information. B．Learning to inaction.
C．Online distractions. D．Technical issues.
52．What stops people from achieving the goal?
A．The distraction caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability to find relevant information.
C．The confusion caused by the information.
D．The desire to learn basic concept or strategy.
53．Why is practical experience important in the learning process?
A．It replaces continuous learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knowledge.
C．It holds back theoretical understanding.
D．It offers a comprehensive understanding.
54．The example “baby learning to walk” mentioned in Paragraph 5 is used to ________.
A．compare different learning styles
B．show the importance of making mistakes
C．emphasize the need for parental guidance
D．explain learning through action and experience
55．What makes the best title for the passage?
A．The Paradox of Information Overload B．The Harmony of Learning and Doing
C．The Pursuit of Balanced Knowledge D．The Process of Learning to Walk
Passage 5
【2024届天津市河西区一模】The term “graffiti” is an Italian word meaning scratching or scribbling(乱涂).
It entered the English language in the 1850s, specifically to describe the casual wall writing that experts found in
Pompeii and the Roman tombs. Originally a term used only in ancient scribbling, the word has undergone
considerable expansion of meaning in the past 75 years so that it now refers to any written message on a wall.
Graffiti are characterized by their casualness; if they were more formal, they would be known as inscriptions(铭
文).
The first piece of graffiti was found on one of the walls of the city Pompeii, which was destroyed by the
eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD．It was one of 1,600 pieces of graffiti uncovered in Pompeii during a dig in
the 19th century. Not surprisingly, there is much evidence of graffiti writing on the pyramid and temples of ancientEgypt. It is likely that ever since people have had walls and materials to scratch or paint with, they have been
engaged in this simplest form of communication.
The writing of graffiti gives people a unique opportunity to achieve some kind of public audience. Thus short
poems, declarations of love, pieces of political and revolutionary polemic(论战), and criticisms of institutions and
people form a significant part of graffiti.
Apart from its usefulness in terms of self-expression, graffiti is also a valuable source for historians. There is
always the possibility that historical events may be recorded by the presence of graffiti. Perhaps the most
interesting example of this is the graffiti relating to the gladiatorial(角斗士) contests held in Pompeii. Graffiti can
also give us a unique view into the daily life and customs of a people, for its casual expression encourages the
recording of details that more formal writing would tend to ignore.
In the late 1970s, graffiti became popular. A thought written on a toilet wall in Wolverhampton can now be
read in Chicago or Adelaide. In its own way, this is probably the most fascinating example of McLuhan’s concept
of “the global village”. We now have a worldwide toilet wall.
46．According to the first paragraph, graffiti________.
A．is another name for “inscription”
B．got its name from the English language
C．was born in the 1850s
D．Mainly refers to casual writing or pictures on walls
47．What can be inferred from the second paragraph?
A．Graffiti has a long history.
B．Graffiti is an attractive form of art.
C．Graffiti made the ancient city Pompeii famous.
D．Graffiti was ancient Egyptian’s main way of communication.
48．What does the third and fourth paragraphs mainly tell us?
A．Graffiti’s great value.
B．Graffiti’s features.
C．Graffiti’s way of expression.
D．Graffiti’s connection with people’s daily life.
49．The graffiti relating to the gladiatorial contests is mentioned in the passage to prove that ______.
A．graffiti can show people’s customs
B．graffiti can provide valuable historical evidenceC．graffiti was mainly used to record important events
D．graffiti can provide more detailed information than formal writing
50．The underlined sentence in the last paragraph implies that______.
A．the presence of graffiti makes the world closely connected
B．the concept of “the global village” is famous worldwide
C．graffiti has become very popular all over the world
D．people like using toilet walls to share their graffiti
Passage 6
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】If someone created a flying machine able to track you down by listening for
your voice, you might be terrified. But what if you were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first responders
couldn’t locate you? Maybe then a human-seeking drone (无人机) wouldn’t be such a terrible idea. That concept
is the focus for engineers at Germany’s Fraunhofer FKIE Institute, who’ve built a drone to find people by detecting
human screams.
“The human seeking drone would be ideal for post-disaster situations, such as earth-quakes, hurricanes and
wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, one of the lead engineers. “They could hover (盘旋) over an area that rescue
crews have difficulty getting to and locate exactly where people may be trapped.”
Locating people by sound presents its share of challenges. An auditory (听觉的) system would need to tell
human cries from sounds that often happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might also need to recognize
patterns associated with kicking, clapping or other ways people try to get the attention of rescue teams.
Engineers took those situations into account when building out their concept drone. They recorded themselves
screaming, tapping and creating other noises they might be a sign of people in trouble. Then, they analyzed each
sound frequency to find common signatures and used those to train artificial intelligence software. They also
worked to remove the noise created by the drone and other environmental sounds.
Once the software part was completed, the team placed tiny digital microphones under the drone and used
signal processing techniques that enabled them to track where human noises are coming from. The microphones
also enhanced the volume and clearness of the speech. So far, they have conducted successful open field
experiments, finding that the drone can estimate a victim’s location within a few seconds of picking up sound.
Next, they would like to add a higher frequency microphone to a drone to acquire more audio sound signals.
The idea is to pick up noises from hundreds of meters away, Varela said. In the real world, victim’s location date
might one day be sent wirelessly to emergeney crews carrying a tablet.46．What is the advantage of the human-seeking drone?
A．Its high speed of flying. B．Its long working hours.
C．Its quick response to screams. D．Its easy access to disaster scene.
47．What can the auditory system do?
A．Recognize human cries.
B．Pick up sounds from far away.
C．Send victim’s location data to a tablet.
D．Improve the quality of human screams.
48．What does the underlined word “signatures” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Effects. B．Features. C．Symbols. D．Situations.
49．Up to now, engineers have successfully ________.
A．developed higher frequency microphones for use on drones
B．rescued disaster victims by using drones to recognize human cries.
C．coached artificial intelligence software to distinguish human and natural sounds
D．completed outdoor experiments using drones to quickly locate disaster victims
50．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．AI Enables Drones to Give Better Performance
B．Human-seeking Drones Replace Rescue Crews
C．Engineers Teach Drones to Hunt Human Screams
D．Rescuers Use Drones to Locate Disaster Survivors
Passage 7
【2024届天津市红桥区一模】Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one’s personal life or in the
general society. Progress indicates a person’s ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must
lead a better way of doing things. All these, however, remains true only in so far as people want to accept
technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”, efficiency
comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter
where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see
each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads,
people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature
of having to be in the person’s presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves orturn the other person off.
With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization
today. Factories have improved efficiency. Unskillful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and
produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in
efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handcrafts are
now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is
quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is
difficult to find unique designs on each item.
Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analyzing progress only from onepoint of view. In fact,
progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many
old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.
It is people’s attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society.
Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people’s attitude. The
worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we
accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.
51．According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________.
A．live an advanced life
B．look for better technical methods
C．change ways of living at the moment
D．accept technology and advance steadily
52．The author explains “ efficiency comes with a price ” by ________.
A．describing a process
B．using examples
C．following time order
D．making classification
53．Compared with home- made handicrafts, machine made products ________.
A．lack great accuracy
B．lack the personal touch
C．are of high value
D．are quite welcome54．What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?
A．It can destroy new traditions.
B．It can lead to social progress.
C．It can be used to correct mistakes if necessary.
D．It can be used to preserve old products.
55．What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A．Progress can suit the needs of daily life.
B．People review the past with great regret.
C．Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.
D．People’s attitude decides the use of technology.
Passage 8
【2024届天津市宁河区一模】Wild animals are equipped with a variety of techniques to avoid becoming
lunch for a bigger animal, also known as a predator (捕食者) in nature. The most well-known methods include the
classic fight and flight as well as freeze.
A team of researchers wondered whether closeness to people might impact those survival strategies. “We often
see that animals are more tolerant around us in urban areas, but we don’t really know why.” says evolutionary
biologist Dan Blumstein. “Is it individual plasticity, meaning individuals change their fear of us and that leads to
tolerance? Or can there be an evolutionary factor involved?”
To find out, Blumstein and his colleagues combined information from 173 studies of over 100 species,
including mammals, birds, fish and even mollusks. It turns out that regardless of evolutionary ancestry, the animals
react in a similar way to life among humans: they lose their anti-predator characteristics. That pattern is especially
pronounced for plant-eating animals and for social species. This behavioral change is perhaps unsurprising when
it’s intentional, the result of domestication or controlled breeding. But it turns out that urbanization alone results in
a similar change, though around three times more slowly.
The main point is: we’re essentially domesticating animals by urbanization. We’re selecting for the same sorts
of characteristics that we would if we were actually trying to domesticate them. If the urbanization process helps
animals better co-exist with people, it could be to their benefit. But if it makes them more defenseless to their
nonhuman predators, it could be a real problem. Either way, these results, mean that city living has enough of an
influence on wild animals that evolutionary processes kick in. Those reductions in anti-predator characteristics
become encoded in their genes. We’re changing the population genetics one way or another.What the researchers now wonder is whether the mere presence of tourists in less urbanized areas can cause
similar changes in wild animals. If so, serious questions exist for the idea of ethical, welfare-oriented eco-tourism.
If we wish to help animals keep their anti-predator defenses, the researchers say, we might have to intentionally
expose animals to predators. It’s just yet one other way that we’re changing the world around us.
46．The research led by Blumstein is aimed at ________.
A．determining how animals’ survival is impacted by individual plasticity.
B．studying how living among humans affects animals’ survival strategies
C．comparing the effectiveness of different survival techniques
D．finding out which evolutionary factor impacts animals’ survival methods
47．Which of the following practices may contribute to animals losing anti-predator characteristics?
A．Controlled breeding of animals. B．Banning the operation of eco-tourism.
C．Planned selection of favorable genes. D．Eliminating domestication.
48．Which of the following statements is Blumstein likely to agree with?
A．Urbanization has made wild animals more alert.
B．Urbanization has brought concrete benefits to animals.
C．City living has led to animals’ genetic variations.
D．City living has helped to preserve animal species.
49．The animal rescue center spotted an injured fox a year ago and has since nursed it back to health. Before
releasing it back to the wild, the center should probably ________.
A．expose the fox to the urban environment repeatedly
B．train the fox to co-exist with the less aggressive predators
C．intentionally get the fox accustomed to the presence of humans
D．purposefully adapt the fox to predator related environment
50．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To amuse people with recent interesting scientific findings.
B．To remind people to help animals survive in a correct way.
C．To promote eco-tourism in cities around the world.
D．To warn people of the danger of animal presence in cities.
Passage 9
【2024届天津市宁河区一模】When evaluating people on various psychological tests, psychologists often
distinguish between markers of absolute performance and relative performance. Absolute performance reflects theraw measurement of something, like the time it takes to run a mile. Relative performance is how a person rates in
relation to their peers, as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative, as we compare ourselves to our peers
and the standards that are most familiar to us. Our conscious recognition of these peers and norms is what sets our
expectations, shaping our self-image and happiness. What’s interesting about the relative comparisons that most of
us make is that in whatever area of life we consider—for example, our highest level of education—it’s not how we
fare in comparison to the rest of the world that seems to matter most, but rather how we compare to our closest
peers.
For instance, in my private practice, I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services
and makes less than $30,000 per year at his job. While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake up
depressed each day, Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I know. Why? Because most of
his closest peers—his siblings and friends from childhood—have lives far worse than his.
In contrast to. Omar, I have another patient, an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”, whose family has property over $5
million. Lena, however, lives in an upper-class neighborhood where her family is at the lower end of the income
level. Though Lena’s family allows her to enjoy possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers
across the world can share, she consistently feels “less than”. Why? Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the
rest of the world; This is too abstract an exercise for her, as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly, whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral, therapy ( 疗 法 ) with
individuals struggling with situation al or psychological depression aims to solve the problems associated with
basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others. Psychologists try to help people focus on personal growth
around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their values independent of the achievement of others. For all
of us, defining these goals, especially during Periods of emotional calm, can go a long way in helping us to avoid
the trap of relativity that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
51．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ________.
A．show the significance of evaluating people.
B．motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．help people perform well in psychological tests
D．provide some background information on evaluating people.
52．Why does the author mention his two patients?
A．To measure different achievement.B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.
C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
53．Which of the following statements is true according to Para.3 and Para.4?
A．“Omar” is independent on social services.
B．“Omar” ‘s siblings lead better lives than he does.
C．“Lena” is always discontented with what she has.
D．“Lena” tends to compare herself to the rest of the world.
54．What message does the last paragraph convey?
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness.
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
55．What is the best title for the text?
A．Happiness: Is it all relative? B．Happiness: Is it associated with achievement?
C．Self-worth: Is it based on efforts? D．Self-worth: Is it measurable?
Passage 10
【2024 届天津市十二区县重点学校联考一模】How do consumers access, buy and use their favorite
products and services? The answer to the seemingly simple question is changing. Traditionally, people often see
ownership as the most desirable way to have access to products. However, an increasing number of consumers are
paying to temporarily access or share products and services rather than buy or own them Customer behavior
towards many goods and services changes from ownership to sharing. This transformation of people’s
consumption, habits has made sharing economy grow and it seems that some individuals and companies have
already benefited from this trend.
Growth in sharing systems bas particularly been fueled by the Internet with the rise of social media systems.
Anyone can be part of the sharing economy. It is reported that of the 44 percent of U.S. adults who are familiar with
the sharing economy, 86 percent say it makes life more affordable, 83 percent say it makes life more convenient
and efficient, and 78 percent say it builds a stronger community. The central idea of group consumption is simple:
Obtain value which remains in goods or services that are not entirely used by their owners.
A recent survey from Pricewaterhouse Coopers, the largest professional service firm in the world, shows thisso-called “sharing economy” is growing faster than ever. Although we are not sure about the current size of this
market, by 2025, according to Pricewaterhouse Coopers, the sharing economy could represent $335 billion in profit
worldwide. Nowadays, well-known examples of successful corporations built on group consumption systems
include Airbnb, a San Francisco-based online accommodations marketplace, and Zipcar, a car sharing brand that is
now part of the vehicle rental service company.
The speed of its growth suggests that the sharing economy might represent a serious threat to established
industries, due to fewer purchases in conventional markets. For consumers, it seems to bold the advantage to unite
cost reduction, benefit expansion, convenience and environmental consciousness in one type of consumption.
Companies therefore should understand the new situation and manage their operating system in order to adapt to
current and future business models to provide new sources of profits within this growing area of the sharing
economy.
46．How does the sharing economy work?
A．Exchanging possessions of products online.
B．Sharing something with the owners.
C．Selling underused items to make money.
D．Paying for sharing products or services owned by others.
47．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the growth of sharing economy?
A．The change of people’s consumption habits.
B．People’s need to reduce life expenses.
C．The decline of traditional business.
D．The easier access to the Internet.
48．According to Pricewaterhouse Coopers, we learn that________.
A．44 percent of U.S. adults think sharing economy makes life easier
B．sharing economy can have a promising future
C．sharing economy is expanding too fast to threaten other business
D．group consumption systems can be successful if run by large companies
49．In the last paragraph, the writer mainly wants to say that________.
A．traditional business should find different sources of profits
B．sharing economy has many advantages over conventional industry
C．the growth of sharing economy has led to the decrease of purchases
D．traditional business should try to adapt to sharing economy50．Which can be the best title of the passage?
A．The Rise of Sharing Economy
B．Sharing Makes Life Better
C．Advantages of Sharing Economy
D．Sharing Economy or Conventional Business
Passage 11
【2024届天津市十二区县重点校高三一模】Online classes began to be popularized just a few decades ago.
They are advertised as a way for adults to finish their education and students to learn the material at their own pace
—it is far more suitable for people with busy schedules.
But after being enrolled in an online course last fall semester, I came to realize online classes were merely a
means to fulfil course requirements.
First of all, students lack the desire to learn, and they simply complete their assignments to receive credit for a
passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the course material.
As online courses tend to have more than 100 students, most of the assignments are short and simple. They are
not designed for students to interact with the material in depth but designed to be graded casily to accommodate
such a large number of students.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage of taking an online class is the absence of face-to-face interaction between
the teacher and their students. Live sessions are infrequent and are often scheduled during the middle of the day
when students have to attend other classes or work. The office hours of the professor may also be during
inconvenient times for many students as well. Most interaction with the professor has to be through email which is
often impersonal. It is nearly impossible for students to build a relationship with their professor.
There is also little interaction amongst students. It can be harder for students to create study groups and form
relationships with their peers.
Online classes also require either a computer or laptop and a reliable internet connection. Not all students have
access to these types of resources, whether it is for financial or other reasons, and some students can be put at a
disadvantage.
Offering online classes certainly helps students who would otherwise not be able to attend classroom sessions.
However, they fail to provide a genuine education with an emphasis on convenience rather than critical thinking.
We need restructured online classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually provide
quality education.51．What does the author say about students enrolled in online classes?
A．They can access course materials easily.B．They are unmotivated to learn.
C．They can learn at their own pace. D．They rarely fulfil the course requirements.
52．What does the author think of online course assignments?
A．They are made convenient to mark.
B．They are meant to facilitate interaction.
C．They are based on easily accessible material.
D．They are given to accommodate students’ needs.
53．What does the author say is one disadvantage of online classes?
A．They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
B．They make professors’ offices much less accessible.
C．They tend to increase professors’ burden of responding to students’ emails.
D．They provide little chance for students to build relationships with each other.
54．What problem may arise if classes go online?
A．More students may find it easy to be absent from them.
B．Teachers will worry about poor internet connections.
C．Some students may have difficulty attending them.
D．Schools with limited resources will be at a disadvantage.
55．What does the author think consists of a key part of genuine education?
A．Acquisition of useful knowledge. B．Training of real-life skills on campus.
C．Development of students’ personalities. D．Cultivation of analytical thinking ability.
