文档内容
专题 02 阅读理解之主旨大意题
目 录
主旨大意题 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 阅 读 理 解 之 主 旨 大 意 --- 文 章 标
题-------------------------------------------------------------2
二 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 主 旨 大 意 --- 文 章 大
意---------------------------------------------------------------------14
三 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 主 旨 大 意 --- 段 落 大
意---------------------------------------------------------------------24
四 、 （ 高 考 真 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 主 旨 大
意-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3002 阅读理解之主旨大意题
最新模拟演练
一、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章标题
1.（2024·安徽省皖东十校联盟高三月考）
Cancer-fighting genes in elephants could help to tackle one of the biggest killers of people, according to
research. Despite their large bodies and long lifespans (寿命), elephants are much less likely to die from cancer
than humans, with death rates of less than 5 per cent.
The paradox has puzzled scientists because more cells leads to greater replications, which increases the
possibility of the body failing to detect damaged DNA or a faulty cell that can result in tumours (肿瘤). Elephants
live for almost as long as humans, and can weigh up to five tons.
However, a group of British and European scientists say they have taken a big step towards solving Peto’s
paradox, named after the British epidemiologist Sir Richard Peto. Elephants, they say, carry a much larger, more
diverse group of tumour-fighting proteins.
The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer-
fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills about 167,000 Britons each year. Cells
keep dividing throughout an organism’s life, each carrying the risk of producing a tumour. One of the body’s
weapons is a gene called p53, known as the “guardian of the genome”, which hunts cells with faulty DNA．It
encourages the cell to repair itself or self-destruct, keeping the cell from binding with others and producing
tumours.
Humans have two versions of p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers, including those from Oxford
and Edinburgh universities. Biochemical analysis and computer simulations also showed that an elephant’s p53
genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit. The researchers suspect that
while faulty cells might be able to skirt two p53 versions, they cannot bind to other cells as easily in the face of
dozens.The findings will open the way for research on how p53 genes are activated and on medical treatment for
humans.
1．What has puzzled scientists?
A．Few elephants end up dying from cancer. B．Elephants live long and weigh enormously.
C．More cells lead to higher chances of tumours.D．A larger body is less likely to discover faulty cells.
2．What can be learnt from paragraph 4?
A．How many Britons die each year. B．How the anti-cancer gene works.
C．How the research was carried out. D．What have the findings been applied to.
3．Which quality of elephants’ p53 genes contributes to preventing tumours?
A．Their sizes. B．Their lifespans. C．Their appearances. D．Their varieties.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．Scientists Find Anti-cancer Genes in Elephants
B．P53 Genes Play Essential Role in Fighting Cancer
C．Elephant Genes Could Be Key to Preventing Cancer
D．Groundbreaking Medical Treatment for Cancer on the Way
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大象体内的抗癌基因可能有助于解决人类最大的杀手之一。文章介
绍了研究开展的经过以及相关研究发现。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Despite their large bodies and long lifespans (寿命), elephants are much less
likely to die from cancer than humans, with death rates of less than 5 per cent.(尽管大象体型庞大，寿命长，但
它们死于癌症的可能性远低于人类，死亡率不到5%)”可知，让科学家们感到困惑的是很少有大象最终死于
癌症。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and
Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills
about 167,000 Britons each year. Cells keep dividing throughout an organism’s life, each carrying the risk of
producing a tumour. One of the body’s weapons is a gene called p53, known as the “guardian of the genome”,
which hunts cells with faulty DNA. It encourages the cell to repair itself or self-destruct, keeping the cell from
binding with others and producing tumours.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看
到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是攻克癌症的关键。英国每年约有16.7万人死于癌症。在生物体的一
生中，细胞不断分裂。每个细胞都有产生肿瘤的风险。人体的武器之一是p53基因，它被称为“基因组守护者”，它会搜寻有缺陷DNA的细胞。它促使细胞自我修复或自我毁灭，防止细胞与其他细胞结合并产
生肿瘤)”可推知，第四段说明了抗癌基因是如何工作的。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Biochemical analysis and computer simulations also showed that an
elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit.(生化分析和计
算机模拟也表明，大象的p53基因在结构上略有不同，这提供了一个更大的抗癌工具包)”可知，p53基因的
外表特点有助于大象预防肿瘤。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“The findings, published last week in the journal Molecular Biology and
Evolution, raise hopes that the cancer-fighting genes in elephants could be the key to tackling cancer, which kills
about 167,000 Britons each year.(上周发表在《分子生物学与进化》杂志上的这一发现，让人们看到了希望：
大象身上的抗癌基因可能是攻克癌症的关键)”和最后一段“The findings will open the way for research on
how p53 genes are activated and on medical treatment for humans.(这一发现将为研究p53基因如何被激活以及
人类的医学治疗开辟道路)”结合本文主要讲的是大象抗癌基因可能是对抗癌症的关键。由此可知，C选项
“大象基因可能是预防癌症的关键”最符合文章标题。故选C。
2.（2024·山东省高三上学期适应性联考（一））
Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors: the coherence of one’s life, the
possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters. But we believe there is another element to
consider.
Imagine the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or the scenery atop a hill after a fresh hike.
Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences,
these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to
detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
To better understand this appreciation, we conducted a series of studies involving over 3,000 participants.
Initially, we had participants rate their coping strategies to relieve their stress. Those managing stress by focusing
on their appreciation for life’s beauty reported experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the follow-ups, we asked
them to rate the extent to which they agreed with various statements, such as “I have a great appreciation for the
beauty of life” and other statements related to coherence, purpose, existential mattering. Our results showed that the
more people indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the
subsequent experiment, we further explored the phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring
video, they also reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments,
compared with those watching more neutral videos.The final results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful.
But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with
targets. We are on the go, attempting to maximize our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right
now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the
significance every day.
1．What is the author’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the coherence of life.
B．Setting a long-term career goal.
C．Valuing what matters just to us.
D．Enjoying present beauty of life.
2．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The approach to conducting the studies.
B．The analysis of the specific objectives.
C．The necessity of a long-term goal in life.
D．The logic behind experiential appreciation.
3．What challenges us to feel more meaningful life according to the text?
A．Our fast-paced modern lifestyle.
B．The lack of employment chances.
C．Our focus on individual feelings.
D．The ignorance of future outcomes.
4．What can be the best title of the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the moment.
C．Finding yourself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence comes down to three factors:
the coherence of one’s life, the possession of clear long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters. But we
believe there is another element to consider.(许多学者认为，一个有意义的存在归结为三个因素：一个人的生
命的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to detect and admire life’s inner beauty as
events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后
一段的“Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the
significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意
义。)”可知，作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选D。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Our results showed that the more people indicated that they were “appreciating
life”, the more they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explored the
phenomenon by asking participants to watch an awe-inspiring video, they also reported having a greater sense of
experiential appreciation and meaning in life in these moments, compared with those watching more neutral videos.
(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验
中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性
视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是体验式欣
赏背后的逻辑。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our modern, fast-paced, project-oriented lifestyles fill the day with targets.
We are on the go, attempting to maximize our output. This makes it easy to miss what is happening right now.(我们
现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出
最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的
生活有了挑战。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciation, an ability to
detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现
和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let
life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活
给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏
生活中的美，因此最好的题目是B选项“Living in the moment.(活在当下。)”。故选B。
3.（2024·广东省普语高中毕业班高三第二次调研）
Behind the enthusiastic song of an all-male choir (合唱队) lies a force that is better known for shaping the
lives of hopeful frogs and crickets, research suggests. Recordings of a top boys’ choir, once directed by Johann
Sebastian Bach in Germany, reveal that the more mature boys in the group boosted their voices when girls were
appreciating their performances. The effect, seen only among the older singers, aged 16 to 19, is thought to besimilar behaviour more often observed in frogs and crickets, which enhance their individual calls to stand out from
the crowd during mate-attracting choruses.
“The boys’ singing sounds more brilliant and has a more attractive quality when girls are in the audience, but it
is subtle,” said Keller, a professor who led the work at the centre for music in the brain at a university in Denmark.
Keller and his colleagues teamed up with a well-known choir in Germany after a student and former member of the
choir mentioned that the boys boosted their voices in a barely noticeable manner when female audience members
were present.
Sound analysis of the boys singing a song composed by Bach found that, in the presence of girls aged 15 to
16, the boys improved their vocal brilliance and carried power by putting more energy. But it was unclear whether
people, as opposed to sensitive sound devices, could detect the shift in voices, and if they could, whether the
resulting sound was more or less appealing because of the enhanced singer’s performance.
To find out, the researchers ran two online studies in which 2,247 male and female volunteers listened to
recordings of the boys singing with and without girls in the audience. While both male and female participants
showed a difference between the two performances, only female volunteers preferred the boosted singing. “It’s
really hard to tell,” Keller said. Details are published in a journal.
For the recordings, the boys performed once before an all-male audience and a second time when a group of
teenage girls joined the front row on the pretence of being on a school trip. In interviews after the concert, the boys
felt they sang better in front of the girls but none admitted trying to attract their attention.
According to the scientists, the findings suggest choir singing is a special form of social communication where
cooperation and competitiveness, the latter potentially motivated by the opposite sex, can exist alongside one
another. “You have a group of people working together,” said Keller, “but at the same time individually having this
parallel channel of communication, sending out the competitive signal saying: pick me!”
1．What drives the mature boys to sing better according to Paragraph 1?
A．Their directors.B．Their audience. C．The frogs. D．The crickets.
2．What does the underlined word “subtle” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Brilliant. B．Competitive. C．Unforgettable. D．Unnoticeable.
3．How did Keller’s team carry out the research?
A．By observing the singers. B．By studying documents.
C．By doing field research. D．By conducting studies online.
4．What can be the best title for the passage?A．Cooperation or Competition B．Force behind Boy’s Choir
C．Research into the Performance D．Attractive Frogs and Cricket Songs
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。针对德国的男童合唱团的一项研究表明，当女孩在观众席中时，16至19岁
的男孩会提高他们的歌声，以吸引异性的关注。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Recordings of a top boys’ choir, once directed by Johann Sebastian Bach in
Germany, reveal thatthe more mature boys in the group boosted their voices when girls were appreciating their
performances. (曾经由德国约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫（Johann Sebastian Bach）指挥的顶级男子合唱团的录音显
示当女孩欣赏他们的表演时，乐队中更成熟的男孩会提高他们的声音。)”可知，有欣赏演出的观众会促使
成熟的男孩唱得更好，故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Keller and his colleagues teamed up with a well-known choir in Germany after
a student and former member of the choir mentioned thatthe boys boosted their voices in a barely noticeable
manner when female audience members were present(凯勒和他的同事们与德国一个著名的合唱团合作，因为
合唱团的一名学生和前成员提到，当女性观众在场时，男孩们以一种几乎不引人注意的方式提高了他们的
声音。) ”可知，本段首位内容相呼应，结尾部分是在解释划线词，即当有女孩在场时，男孩的歌声听起来
更有才华，更有吸引力，但这很微妙，则划线词意为“不易察觉到的”，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段的“To find out, the researchers ran two online studies in which 2,247 male and
female volunteers listened to recordings of the boys singing with and without girls in the audience.(为了找到答案，
研究人员进行了两项在线研究，其中2247名男性和女性志愿者分别听了男孩在有女孩和没有女孩的情况下
唱歌的录音。)”可知，Keller的团队是通过在线调查进行这项研究的，故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Behind the enthusiastic song of an all-male choir lies a force that is
better known for shaping the lives of hopeful frogs and crickets, research suggests. Recordings of a top boys’ choir,
once directed by Johann Sebastian Bach in Germany, reveal that the more mature boys in the group boosted their
voices when girls were appreciating their performances. The effect, seen only among the older singers, aged 16 to
19, is thought to be similar behaviour more often observed in frogs and crickets, which enhance their individual
calls to stand out from the crowd during mate-attracting choruses.(研究表明，在全男性唱诗班热情的歌声背后，
隐藏着一种力量，这种力量以塑造充满希望的青蛙和蟋蟀的生活而闻名。约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫曾在德国
指挥过一个顶级男孩合唱团，他们的录音显示，当女孩欣赏他们的表演时，乐队中更成熟的男孩会提高他
们的声音。这种现象只在年龄较大的歌手(16岁至19岁)中出现，被认为是在青蛙和蟋蟀中更常见的类似行
为，它们在吸引配偶的合唱中提高自己的叫声以从人群中脱颖而出。)”以及下文内容可知，文章描述了男孩合唱背后的驱动力量，即为了吸引异性而唱，因此B项(男孩合唱团背后的力量)可以概括文章内容，适
合作为标题，故选B。
4.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估）
South Baltimore is often thought of as a place to avoid—folks are taught to be careful of it. There was a mass
shooting this past July, and another in early September.
“People think Curtis Bay is a dangerous place. It’s not. It’s just we’re surrounded by dangerous things,” says
Taysia Thompson, 17.
Taysia, is one of the Free Your Voice members, a group of student activists fighting against a very different
kind of danger in their neighborhood: air pollution and climate change. Now, the focus of their movement is the
mountains of coal. Coal releases a fine, black dust small enough to get into people’s lungs. It makes respiratory (呼
吸的) diseases worse, or can even cause disease and premature death. And there are the greenhouse gas emissions
after the coal is burned.
The teens of Free Your Voice are taking on a big opponent: the massive goods transportation company CSX,
which transported more than 8 million tons of coal through South Baltimore in 2021. The goal is to eventually get
the state regulators to deny the permit that CSX needs to operate, or at least require the company to enclose all the
coal, or at the very least put water onto all of it so there’s less dust blowing around.
This past summer, Taysia and three other students spent their time gathering evidence to try and get the coal
pollution out of their neighborhood. They used sticky paper to gather samples of dust from all over the
neighborhood to prove that the dust is from coal. They are also sending dust samples to a scientist in California,
who uses an electron microscope to compare the dust that’s in this neighborhood to samples from the piles of coal
at the terminal in South Baltimore to see if it matches.
The students now have support from their community. But the responses from officials have not been very
satisfying. “Everyone is just breathing the air. And we will keep fighting.” says Taysia.
1．Why do the teens of Free Your Voice take CSX as an opponent?
A．To cure lung diseases. B．To tackle air pollution.
C．To resist mass shootings. D．To cut premature death rate.
2．What do the teens of Free Your Voice hope to achieve?
A．Scientists will examine the dust samples.
B．Officials will refuse CSX the operation permit.
C．State regulators will keep fighting against pollution.D．Locals in Curtis Bay will clear the mountains of coal away.
3．What can be inferred about the teens’ fight?
A．It isn’t all plain sailing. B．It will definitely end in victory.
C．The teens lack solid evidence. D．The teens work on it all by themselves.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Tourists Avoiding Dangerous South Baltimore
B．Teens Gaining Support in Environmental Protection
C．Student Activists Pushing back against Big Polluter
D．17-year-old Girl Combating Coal Pollution in Neighborhood
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了位于南巴尔的一群学生活动家——Free Your Voice成员，
他们致力于与莫尔地区存在空气污染问题作斗争。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Taysia, is one of the Free Your Voice members, a group of student activists
fighting against a very different kind of danger in their neighborhood: air pollution and climate change. Now, the
focus of their movement is the mountains of coal. Coal releases a fine, black dust small enough to get into people’s
lungs. It makes respiratory (呼吸的) diseases worse, or can even cause disease and premature death. And there are
the greenhouse gas emissions after the coal is burned. (Taysia是Free Your Voice的成员之一，这是一群学生活
动家，他们与社区中一种截然不同的危险作斗争：空气污染和气候变化。现在，他们运动的焦点是堆积如
山的煤炭。煤会释放出细小的黑色尘埃，小到足以进入人们的肺部。它使呼吸系统疾病恶化，甚至可能导
致疾病和过早死亡。还有煤炭燃烧后的温室气体排放。)”以及第四段中“The teens of Free Your Voice are
taking on a big opponent: the massive goods transportation company CSX, which transported more than 8 million
tons of coal through South Baltimore in 2021. (Free Your Voice 的青少年们正在面对一个巨大的对手：大型货
物运输公司CSX，该公司在2021年通过南巴尔的摩运输了超过800万吨煤炭。)”可知，Free Your Voice的
青少年将CSX作为对手是为了解决空气污染问题，故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The goal is to eventually get the state regulators to deny the permit that
CSX needs to operate, or at least require the company to enclose all the coal, or at the very least put water onto all
of it so there’s less dust blowing around. (目标是最终让州监管机构拒绝CSX运营所需的许可证，或者至少要
求公司封闭所有煤炭，或者至少将水浇灌到所有煤炭上，以减少灰尘的吹动。)”可知，Free Your Voice的青
少年希望实现的目标是让官方拒绝CSX的运营许可，故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The students now have support from their community. But theresponses from officials have not been very satisfying. (学生们现在得到了社区的支持。但官员们的回应并不是
很令人满意。)”可知，官员并不支持，能推断出他们的抗争并非一帆风顺，故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“Taysia, is one of the Free Your Voice members, a group of student activists
fighting against a very different kind of danger in their neighborhood: air pollution and climate change. (Taysia 是
Free Your Voice 的成员之一，这是一群学生活动家，他们与社区中一种截然不同的危险作斗争：空气污染
和气候变化)” 可知，由学生活动人士组成的组织Free Your Voice，致力于改善巴尔的摩当地由煤炭带来的
空气污染，尤其是运输煤炭的污染大户——大型货物运输公司CSX。由此可知，C项“学生积极分子反对
污染大户”最适合作本文的标题，故选C项。
5.（2024·河北省保定市高三上学期摸底）
The idea that humans are facing a global extinction of experience of nature is popular, but is it true? To give
more light on this issue, the scientists measured how the average distance from an individual’s home to the nearest
area with low human impact changed in the last decade.
The scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers away from a natural area on average, which is
7% further away than in the year 2000. Europe and East Asia have the highest average distance to natural areas,
such as 22 kilometers in Germany and 16 kilometers in France. The scientists also showed that tree cover within
cities has declined worldwide since 2000, suggesting that the possibility for the urban population to access green
spaces is reducing as well.
The scientists also systematically searched for scientific publications assessing a trend in experiences of
nature, finding that the number of studies assessing these trends was very low (the number is 18), most of which are
about the US, Europe and Japan. This shows that more studies should investigate the claim about the extinction of
nature experience, especially in Africa and Latin America. The 18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in
visits to nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number
of flower species observed by Japanese children. They also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in
novels, songs and cartoons.
Despite these examples of decline, other interactions are increasing. Watching wildlife documentaries or
interacting with wild animals in videogames is, for example, more common than a few years ago. “New ways of
digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged or increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-
Jason. “But several former studies show that these vicarious interactions have a lesser effect on our sense of
connection with nature than exposure to nature, such as visiting nature parks.”
1．How does the author mainly develop the text?A．By giving examples and making contrast.
B．By listing data and classifying them.
C．By giving examples and definitions.
D．By analyzing data and making comparison.
2．The scientists showed several signs of decline in .
A．the distance between humans and nature
B．the connection between humans and wild animals
C．reading novels, singing songs and watching cartoons
D．tree cover, visits to nature parks and nature presence in the arts
3．What does the underlined word “vicarious” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Positive. B．Novel. C．Indirect. D．Complex.
4．What can be a suitable title of the text?
A．Global Extinction of Green Spaces. B．Decline in Experiences of Nature.
C．The Lost Joy in the Natural World. D．A New Way of Connecting With Nature.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类接触自然的情况减少了。
1．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“The scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers
away from a natural area on average, which is 7% further away than in the year 2000. Europe and East Asia have
the highest average distance to natural areas, such as 22 kilometers in Germany and 16 kilometers in France.(科学
家们发现，目前人类居住的地方平均距离自然区域9.7公里，比2000年增加了7% 。欧洲和东亚到自然区
域的平均距离最远，如德国为22公里，法国为16公里)”可知，此处用了对比的方法，根据第三段中“The
18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in visits to nature parks in the US and Japan, a decrease in
camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number of flower species observed by Japanese children. They
also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in novels, songs and cartoons.(科学家们发现的18项研究
表明，在美国和日本，参观自然公园的人数减少了，在美国露营活动减少了，日本儿童观察到的花卉种类
也减少了。他们还发现了自然元素在小说、歌曲和卡通中使用减少的迹象)”和最后一段中“Despite these
examples of decline, other interactions are increasing. Watching wildlife documentaries or interacting with wild
animals in videogames is, for example, more common than a few years ago.(尽管有这些衰退的例子，其他的相
互作用正在增加。例如，观看野生动物纪录片或在电子游戏中与野生动物互动比几年前更加普遍)”可知，
此处用了举例子的方法，由此可推知，作者是通过举例子和作比较的方法来展开讲述这篇文章的，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The scientists also showed that tree cover within cities has declined worldwide
since 2000, suggesting that the possibility for the urban population to access green spaces is reducing as well.(科学
家们还表明，自2000年以来，世界各地城市内的树木覆盖率都在下降，这表明城市人口进入绿地的可能性
也在下降)”和第三段中“The 18 studies found by the scientists show a decline in visits to nature parks in the US
and Japan, a decrease in camping activities in the US, and a decrease in the number of flower species observed by
Japanese children. They also find signs of decline in the use of natural elements in novels, songs and cartoons.(科学
家们发现的18项研究表明，在美国和日本，参观自然公园的人数减少了，在美国露营活动减少了，日本儿
童观察到的花卉种类也减少了。他们还发现了自然元素在小说、歌曲和卡通中使用减少的迹象)”可知，科
学家们发现了一些树木覆盖率下降，参观自然公园的人数减少，以及自然在艺术中的使用也减少了，故选
D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“New ways of digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged or
increased in recent years(近年来，与大自然进行数字互动的新方式无疑已经出现或增加)”和划线单词所在句
子“But several former studies show that these vicarious interactions have a lesser effect on our sense of
connection with nature than exposure to nature, such as visiting nature parks.(但是一些以前的研究表明，这些
vicarious互动对我们与自然的联系的影响要小于接触自然的影响，例如参观自然公园。)”可知，我们参观
自然，这是与自然的直接互动，这种互动对自然的影响要大于与大自然进行数字互动的新方式，因为与大
自然进行数字互动的新方式是间接接触自然，并不是直接接触自然，由此可知，划线单词vicarious意为
“间接的”，与C项“Indirect.(间接的)”意思一致，其他选项A. Positive.积极的；B. Novel.新颖的；D.
Complex复杂的。均不符合语境，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The idea that humans are facing a global extinction of experience
of nature is popular, but is it true? To give more light on this issue, the scientists measured how the average distance
from an individual’s home to the nearest area with low human impact changed in the last decade.(人类正面临全球
体验自然灭绝，这样的观点很流行，但这是真的吗？为了给这个问题提供更多的解释，科学家们测量了在
过去的十年中，从一个人的家到最近的受人类影响较小的地区的平均距离是如何变化的)”和第二段中“The
scientists found that humans currently live 9.7 kilometers away from a natural area on average, which is 7% further
away than in the year 2000.(科学家们发现，目前人类居住的地方平均距离自然区域9.7公里，比2000年增加
7%)”，第三段中“The scientists also systematically searched for scientific publications assessing a trend in
experiences of nature, finding that the number of studies assessing these trends was very low (the number is 18),most of which are about the US, Europe and Japan. (科学家们还系统地搜索评估自然体验趋势的科学出版物，
发现评估这些趋势的研究数量非常少（只有18项），其中大部分是关于美国、欧洲和日本的)”可知，第一
段提出人类接触自然的情况越来越少，接着文章用事实证明了这一观点，由此可推知，文章主要介绍了人
类接触自然的情况减少了，B项“Decline in Experiences of Nature(体验自然的衰落)”适合做文章标题，故选
B。
二、阅读理解之主旨大意---文章大意
1.（2024·黑龙江省佳木斯市三校联考高三第三次调研）
Xiong Linghao was born on May 29th, 2002 in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. She lost her eyesight
because of illness when she was only two months old. But her mother later found that Xiong had a talent for music.
She could play children’s songs on a small electric (电子的) piano when she was 3 years old. At the age of 6, she
started learning the piano.
Unlike most learners, Xiong could not see the piano keyboard (琴键), so she must remember where each key
is through its sound. That was very hard for her. She practiced for six to eight hours every day so that she could find
the right keys.
Xiong’s piano skill was getting better and better as she kept practicing. In 2020, she won the Special Jury Prize
in an international youth piano competition in Shanghai. “The piano is my best friend,” said Xiong. It brings so
much pleasure into my life and encourages me to face my life bravely.”
Xiong has a great dream. She wants to be a great musician like Beethoven. Beethoven lost his hearing in his
20s and later went completely deaf, but he didn’t give up his love for music. He wrote so many famous music
works in his life. So for herself, Xiong still has a long way to go.
1．When did Xiong Linghao lose her eyesight?
A．When she was a baby. B．When she was a child.
C．When she was a student. D．When she was an adult.
2．How did Xiong remember the location of each key?
A．She learned from Beethoven.
B．She could see the piano keyboard.
C．She practiced for six to eight hours every day.
D．She listened to each key carefully and remembered it.
3．What can we know from the passage?
A．Beethoven went completely deaf in his 20s.B．Xiong wrote many famous music works in her life.
C．Most learners remember where each key is through its sound.
D．Xiong should work hard to achieve her dream to be a great musician.
4．What does the passage mainly want to tell us?
A．Better late than never.
B．Strike while the iron (铁) is hot.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．God helps those who help themselves.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．D
【解析】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了盲人女孩熊翎好（音译）学钢琴的故事。她在仅两个月大的时候就失
去了视力，但很早就展示出很好的音乐天赋，六岁时她开始学习弹钢琴。对于熊翎好来说，学钢琴并不容
易，她必须记住每个琴键的位置，还需要花很长时间进行练习。但她通过艰苦的努力，取得了令人瞩目的
成绩。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“She lost her eyesight because of illness when she was only two months old.(她在
两个月大的时候就因病失明了)”可知，当她只是一个两个月大的婴儿的时候就失明了。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike most learners, Xiong could not see the piano keyboard (琴键), so she must
remember where each key is through its sound.(与大多数学习者不同，熊不能看到钢琴键盘，所以她必须通过
声音来记住每个键的位置)”可知，她通过声音来记住每个琴键的位置。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Xiong has a great dream. She wants to be a great musician like Beethoven.
Beethoven lost his hearing in his 20s and later went completely deaf, but he didn’t give up his love for music. He
wrote so many famous music works in his life. So for herself, Xiong still has a long way to go.(熊有一个伟大的梦
想。她想成为像贝多芬那样伟大的音乐家。贝多芬在20多岁时失去了听力，后来完全失聪，但他并没有放
弃对音乐的热爱。他一生中创作了许多著名的音乐作品。所以对于她自己来说，还有很长的路要走)”可知，
想要实现成为伟大的音乐家的梦想，还有很长路要走，熊应该努力练习。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，本文讲述了盲人女孩熊翎好学钢琴的故事。她在仅两个月大的时候就失
去了视力，但很早就展示出很好的音乐天赋，六岁时她开始学习弹钢琴。对于熊翎好来说，学钢琴并不容
易，她必须记住每个琴键的位置，还需要花很长时间进行练习。但她通过艰苦的努力，取得了令人瞩目的
成绩。从她的故事我们可以知道D项“God helps those who help themselves.(天助自助者)”。故选D项。
2.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）
Today, being freelancers (自由职业者) is one of the most powerful trends in the way we work. According to acurrent study, there are 70.4 million freelancers in the US. By 2028, this number will increase to 90.1 million,
or54% of the workforce, basically divided equally between genders.
It would appear to be solid guidance in today’s modern workforce to tell some one who wants the “3Fs”—
flexibility, fulfillment, and financial independence — to “just go freelance”, right? The large numbers and data
support this direction and suggest that it could be regarded as safe and wise advice.
However, telling someone who is unhappy in their current professional situation to “just go freelance”, is like
telling them to climb Mt Qomolangma without oxygen: 5% of climbers have succeeded, so it can be done, but there
will be hardship and a much higher chance of failure. Just as one should weigh the risks of attempting to climb the
8848.86m mountain without essential supplies, the idea of being freelancers must be truly understood.
The number is increasingly growing, however, actually three quarters of self-described freelancers in the
USare part-time, meaning the vast majority are using freelance work as a side hustle (副业). What’s more, research
shows that 70% of full-time freelancers participated in upskilling training. Besides, more than half (58%) of
freelancers have experienced non-payment from clients, and most do not have retirement plans or affordable health
insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result of making avoidable mistakes with only a third
making it.
We can’t simply tell people to “just go freelance” unless we also tell them to invest in training and cooperate
with like-minded, supportive communities to strengthen industry rights before they start their journey to the summit
as an individual, but never alone.
1．Which of the following is NOT a benefit as a freelancer?
A．Flexible schedule.
B．Safer environment.
C．Less financial reliance.
D．A sense of achievement.
2．Why does the author mention “Mt Qomolangma” in paragraph3?
A．To indicate a bright future of freelancers.
B．To show the determination of freelancers.
C．To highlight the challenge of reaching the top.
D．To emphasize the importance of weighing risks.
3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the growing number of freelancers?
A．Concerned. B．Supportive. C．Understandable. D．Ambiguous.4．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Most of the freelancers meet with failure.
B．Many Americans choose to be freelancers.
C．Being a freelancer is not as easy as imagined.
D．Going freelance brings us a promising future.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对做自由职业者的看法并给出了建议。
1．推理判断题。由文章第三段“However, telling someone who is unhappy in their current professional
situation to “just go freelance”, is like telling them to climb Mt Qomolangma without oxygen: 5% of climbers have
succeeded, so it can be done, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance of failure. Just as one should
weigh the risks of attempting to climb the 8848.86m mountain without essential supplies, the idea of being
freelancers must be truly understood. (然而，告诉那些对目前的职业状况不满意的人“去做自由职业者吧”，
就像告诉他们在没有氧气的情况下攀登珠穆朗玛峰：5%的登山者成功了，所以这是可以做到的，但会有困
难，失败的可能性要高得多。就像一个人应该权衡在没有必要补给的情况下攀登8848.86米高的山峰的风
险一样，作为自由职业者的想法必须得到真正的理解)”以及第四段中“Besides, more than half(58%) of
freelancers have experienced non-payment from clients, and most do not have retirement plans or affordable health
insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result of making avoidable mistakes with only a third
making it. (此外，超过一半(58%)的自由职业者经历过客户不付款的情况，大多数人没有退休计划或负担得
起的医疗保险。许多自由职业者在第一年就失败了，因为只有三分之一的人犯了可以避免的错误)”可推知，
作为自由职业者没有更安全的环境。故选B。
2．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“However, telling someone who is unhappy in their current professional
situation to “just go freelance”, is like telling them to climb Mt Qomolangma without oxygen: 5% of climbers have
succeeded, so it can be done, but there will be hardship and a much higher chance of failure. Just as one should
weigh the risks of attempting to climb the 8848.86m mountain without essential supplies, the idea of being
freelancers must be truly understood. (然而，告诉那些对目前的职业状况不满意的人“去做自由职业者吧”，
就像告诉他们在没有氧气的情况下攀登珠穆朗玛峰：5%的登山者成功了，所以这是可以做到的，但会有困
难，失败的可能性要高得多。就像一个人应该权衡在没有必要补给的情况下攀登8848.86米高的山峰的风
险一样，作为自由职业者的想法必须得到真正的理解)”可推知，作者将走自由职业者之路与攀登珠峰相比，
主要是说明其成功率极低，强调权衡风险的重要性。故选D。3．推理判断题。由文章第四段“The number is increasingly growing, however, actually three quarters of self-
described freelancers in the USare part-time, meaning the vast majority are using freelance work as a side hustle
(副业). What’s more, research shows that 70% of full-time freelancers participated in upskilling training. Besides,
more than half(58%) of freelancers have experienced non-payment from clients, and most do not have retirement
plans or affordable health insurance. Many freelancers fail after the first year as a result of making avoidable
mistakes with only a third making it. (这个数字还在不断增长，然而，实际上在美国，自称为自由职业者的人
中有四分之三是兼职的，这意味着绝大多数人都把自由职业作为副业。更重要的是，研究表明70%的全职
自由职业者参加了技能提升培训。此外，超过一半(58%)的自由职业者经历过客户不付款的情况，大多数
人没有退休计划或负担得起的医疗保险。许多自由职业者在第一年就失败了，因为只有三分之一的人犯了
可以避免的错误)”可推知，作者认为，有关自由职业者增长的统计数据有危险的误导性，作者很担忧。故
选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“We can’t simply tell people to “just go freelance” unless
we also tell them to invest in training and cooperate with like-minded, supportive communities to strengthen
industry rights before they start their journey to the summit as an individual, but never alone. (我们不能简单地告
诉人们“做自由职业者”，除非我们也告诉他们投资培训，并与志同道合的、支持他们的社区合作，在他
们以个人身份开始他们的峰会之旅之前，加强行业权利，但绝不能独自一人)”可知，作者主要分析了从事
自由职业所面临的种种困难和挑战，探讨了从事自由职业是否是一种明智的选择，告诫大家成为一名自由
职业者并不像想象中那么容易，对此发表了自己的看法并给出了建议。故选C。
3.（2024·浙江省诸暨市高三上学期12月诊断性考试）
As vast fields surrounding Beijing and Shanghai transformed into towering skyscrapers, and old bicycles gave
way to motor vehicles, the essence of music communication remained unchanged over these shifts.
“I’ll never forget that I’ve never seen so many bicycles in my life,” Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Davyd
Booth said, recalling his first tour in China 50 years ago. “Everyone rode a bicycle. There were literally hundreds,
thousands.”
This month, 14 musicians from the Philadelphia Orchestra, including Booth, are returning to China, with
performances scheduled in Beijing, Tianjin, Suzhou and Shanghai. The tour marks the 50th anniversary (周年纪念
日) of their first visit in the 1970s, celebrating the unique friendship between China and the United States. Over the
years, the orchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened connections across China, with concerts and residencies that
facilitate meaningful people-to-people interactions.
Booth said the 1973 tour was his first international trip with the orchestra. He considered himself lucky tohave been part of the tour. He had just auditioned (试演) and got accepted into the orchestra that year. His official
start date was scheduled after the orchestra’s return from China, but Booth received a call from the personnel
manager informing him that someone had fallen ill. He then took the place and went to China.
“I was incredibly thrilled! Then, after I hung up, I realized I didn’t even have a passport,” Booth said.
However, he got his passport and visa in just three days, thanks to the strong support from both countries. With his
violin in tow. Booth joined the team on the 15-hour flight to China.
In addition to some regular compositions, the Philadelphia Orchestra also played the YellowRiver Concerto,
one of the most popular piano concertos in China even today. The Philadelphia Orchestra cooperated on this
ensemble (合奏) with a Chinese pianist, marking the earliest ties between the US and China in music.
After the concert, the team was hanging around on the streets, Booth said. It was a fun experience even though
people did not know how to talk to locals because of language barriers, he said. “You can communicate a lot by
smiling, and it worked out very, very well,” he added.
1．What is the passage generally about?
A．US artists will give live performances
B．Booth recalled his first visit to China.
C．Great changes have occurred in China.
D．China and the US are living in peace.
2．What do you know from paragraph 3?
A．The orchestra is popular in America.
B．Music performances happen a lot in China.
C．Music communication remains active.
D．Booth has come to China for the 50th time.
3．Booth meant that his getting the chance to come to China in 1973 was just a(an) ________.
A．magic B．mistake C．luxury D．accident
4．What is the role music plays based on the passage?
A．It serves to build bridge. B．It stimulates people’s interest.
C．It contributes to equality. D．It removes barriers to harmony.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是篇记叙文。文章通过描述费城交响乐团小提琴家戴维·布斯50年前第一次来中国的见闻和
演出，以及今天两国之间在音乐上的合作与交流，体现了音乐超越了地理边界和语言障碍的神奇力量。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Philadelphia Orchestra violinist Davyd Booth said, recalling his first tour in China50 years ago.”（费城交响乐团小提琴家戴维·布斯回忆起50年前他首次访华时说。）和下文的具体描述可
知，本文主要是描述布斯对他第一次访华的回忆。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This month, 14 musicians from the Philadelphia Orchestra, including Booth, are
returning to China, with performances scheduled in Beijing, Tianjin, Suzhou and Shanghai.”（本月，包括布斯在
内的14名费城交响乐团的音乐家将回到中国，在北京、天津、苏州和上海进行演出。）和“Over the
years, the orchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened connections across China, with concerts and residencies that
facilitate meaningful people-to-people interactions.”（多年来，乐团加强了与中国各地的联系，举办音乐会和
驻地活动，促进了有意义的人与人之间的互动。）可知，中美两国之间的音乐交流依然很积极、活跃。故
选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“He had just auditioned (试演) and got accepted into the orchestra that year. His
official start date was scheduled after the orchestra’s return from China, but Booth received a call from the
personnel manager informing him that someone had fallen ill. He then took the place and went to China.”（那年，
他刚刚参加了试演，并被乐团录取了。他的正式开始日期定于乐团从中国回来后，但布斯接到人事经理的
电话，通知他有人生病了，然后他代替他去了中国。）可知，布斯本来是不在去中国的人员名单中的，因
为有人突然生病，他代替了他的位置才得到了去中国的机会，所以是一个意外。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“As vast fields surrounding Beijing and Shanghai transformed into towering
skyscrapers, and old bicycles gave way to motor vehicles, the essence of music communication remained
unchanged over these shifts.”（当北京和上海周围的广阔田野变成了高耸的摩天大楼，旧自行车被机动车取
代，音乐交流的本质在这些变化中保持不变。）和第三段“The tour marks the 50th anniversary (周年纪念日)
of their first visit in the 1970s, celebrating the unique friendship between China and the United States. Over the
years, the orchestra (管弦乐团) has strengthened connections across China, with concerts and residencies that
facilitate meaningful people-to-people interactions.”（ 这次访问是为了纪念他们在20世纪70年代首次访问美
国50周年，庆祝中美之间独特的友谊。多年来，乐团加强了与中国各地的联系，举办音乐会和驻地活动，
促进了有意义的人与人之间的互动。）可知，文章表明，音乐有着交流沟通的本质，它促进了中美两国的
交流和互动，加强了两国之间的联系，起到了搭建桥梁的作用。故选A。
4.（2024·湖南省名校联考联合体高三上学期第二次联考）
Social scientists have long understood that when people are smart and skilled, they’re likely to gain trust. To
appear more capable — and therefore more trustworthy — many people tend to boast (吹嘘), according to another
longstanding theory that researchers call impression management. But a new paper suggests that the commonmethod people use to gain trust could have the opposite effect.
“If you consider yourself a highly capable individual, have a good education, are successful in life, then don’t
talk too proudly about it when presenting yourself to others or managing impressions about what you can do,” said
Martin Reimann, the paper’s lead author. “It can backfire, and people might become distrusting.”
“Since impression management is so widespread, we wondered how it impacts the well-known effect of ability
on trust,” Reimann said.
To answer the question, the researchers designed seven online experiments concerning participants’ trust. In
one experiment, for example, participants shopped for a TV in an online marketplace, similar to Amazon, with
third-party vendors (销售商). Customer reviews with star ratings told participants how capable or competent
vendors were, and each vendor’s ad either did or did not include a boastful statement of self-promotion.
Designing seven studies, Reimann said, allowed the researchers to reach more people and explore a range of
variables that might affect someone’s willingness to trust. There were more than 106,000 participants across all
seven studies.
The experiments showed that participants were more likely, unsurprisingly, to trust people or companies that
appeared more capable. But every study also showed that highly capable people or companies were viewed as less
trustworthy if they also boastfully promoted themselves.
“We see trust as a central concept that holds together society,” Reimann added. “If we don’t trust each other,
then a lot of processes could come to a standstill. It’s important to understand what it is in the first place that leads
people to trust each other, and how we can encourage that at different levels of society. That’s what we want to
further uncover.”
1．According to the text, what do many people do by impression management?
A．Make themselves seem more important. B．Remind others that boasting will lose trust.
C．Show what their impression of someone is. D．Prove that they have become more capable.
2．Which of the following in the experiment was connected with boasting?
A．A TV. B．Participants. C．Vendors. D．Customer reviews.
3．What will the researchers’ future study focus on?
A．The bad effects of boasting. B．People’s views on boasting.
C．Promotion of trust among people. D．Different levels of trust in society.
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．People need to be able to trust each other. B．Boasting could make people trust you less.C．People’s trust depends on how honest you are.D．Being good at your job helps you to gain trust.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反
的效果。
1．细节理解题。根据首段中的“To appear more capable — and therefore more trustworthy — many people
tend to boast (吹嘘), according to another longstanding theory that researchers call impression management.(根据
另一个研究人员称之为印象管理的长期理论，为了显得更有能力——从而更值得信赖——许多人倾向于自
夸。)”可知，通过印象管理，人们是为了让自己显得更有能力，从而更值得信赖，由此可知，人们通过印
象管理是使自己看起来更重要。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Customer reviews with star ratings told participants how capable or
competent vendors were, and each vendor’s ad either did or did not include a boastful statement of self-promotion.
(带有星级的顾客评论告诉参与者销售商的能力或能力如何，每个销售商的广告要么包含或不包含自我推销
的吹嘘声明。)”可知，在实验中，每个销售商的广告中有的包含自我推销的吹嘘声明，有的不包含自我推
销的吹嘘声明，所以，与吹嘘有关系的应该是销售商。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“If we don’t trust each other, then a lot of processes could come to a standstill.
It’s important to understand what it is in the first place that leads people to trust each other, and how we can
encourage that at different levels of society. That’s what we want to further uncover.(如果我们不相互信任，那么
很多进程可能会停滞不前。重要的是首先要了解是什么导致人们相互信任，以及我们如何在社会的不同层
面鼓励这一点。这就是我们想要进一步揭示的。)”可知，Reimann认为，要想人们之间相互信任就要了解
什么导致人们之间的相互信任，以及我们如何在不同层面鼓励人们之间的相互信任，这是他们要进一步揭
示的内容，所以，接下来研究者们要研究的重点是增进人与人之间的相互信任。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“To appear more capable — and therefore more trustworthy — many people
tend to boast (吹嘘), according to another longstanding theory that researchers call impression management. But a
new paper suggests that the common method people use to gain trust could have the opposite effect.(根据另一个研
究人员称之为印象管理的长期理论，为了显得更有能力——从而更值得信赖——许多人倾向于自夸。但一
篇新的论文表明，人们用来获得信任的常用方法可能会产生相反的效果。)”可知，研究发现有能力的人更
值得信任，但是新的研究发现，通过自夸的方式去获得信任反而产生相反的效果，结合下文中对该研究的
进一步介绍和分析可知，本文主要讲述的是自夸可能会使得人们对你的信任减少。故选B项。
5.（2024·广东省江门市高三调研测试）
A computer model created by researchers can detect ChatGPT-generated fake studies with great accuracy, anew study shows. This implies that although the artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot ChatGPT may be a decent
imitator of human workers in several fields, scientific research is not one of them.
In the new study, published June 7 in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science, researchers created a new
computer learning program to tell the differences between real scientific papers and fake examples written by
ChatGPT. The scientists trained the program to identify key differences between 64 real studies published in the
journal Science and 128 papers created by ChatGPT using the same 64 papers as a prompt.
The team then tested how well their model could distinguish between a group of real papers and ChatGPT-
generated papers, which included 60 real papers from the journal Science and 120 AI-generated papers. The
program marked the AI-written papers more than 99%of the time and could correctly tell the differences between
human-written and chatbot-written paragraphs 92%of the time.
ChatGPT-generated papers differed from human text in four key ways: paragraph complexity, sentence-level
diversity in length, punctuation marks and “popular words”. For example, human authors write longer and more
complex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuation that is not found in real papers, such as exclamation
marks.
Creating computer programs to tell real papers from AI-generated ones is important because previous studies
have hinted that humans may not be as good at spotting the differences and AI is still capable of fooling some
humans with its science writing.
The researchers of the new study say they are pleased that their program is effective at weeding out fake
papers but warn it is only a proof of concept. Much more wide-scale studies are needed to create better models that
are even more reliable and can be trained to specific scientific disciplines to maintain the integrity of the scientific
method.
1．Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage?
A．Paragraphs created by ChatGPT are shorter and easier.
B．Every human behaviour can be imitated by ChatGPT.
C．AI-generated papers can be correctly recognized by humans.
D．Humans are better at telling real papers from AI-generated ones.
2．What does the figures in Para.3 indicate?
A．The complexity of the test.
B．The importance of AI-generated papers.
C．The effectiveness of the computer model.D．A perfect match between AI-generated papers and real papers.
3．What may be the the researchers’ attitudes towards the computer program?
A．Favorable. B．Pessimistic. C．Skeptical. D．Cautious.
4．What does the author mainly talk about in the text?
A．The application of ChatGPT in paper writing.
B．A computer program to identify.AI-generated papers.
C．The difference between AI-generated papers and real papers.
D．Possibility for ChatGPT to create convincing scientific papers.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种可以区分论文是否是真实的科学论文和ChatGPT写的一
种程序。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“ChatGPT-generated papers differed from human text in four key ways:
paragraph complexity, sentence-level diversity in length, punctuation marks and “popular words”. For example,
human authors write longer and more complex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuation that is not found
in real papers, such as exclamation marks.( ChatGPT生成的论文在四个关键方面与人类文本不同：段落复杂
性、句子级长度的多样性、标点符号和“流行词”。例如，人类作者写了更长、更复杂的段落，而人工智
能论文使用了真实论文中没有的标点符号，例如感叹号)”可推知，ChatGPT生成的文章段落不如人类复杂
多样，即ChatGPT创建的段落更短、更容易，故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The team then tested how well their model could distinguish between a
group of real papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, which included 60 real papers from the journal Science and
120 AI-generated papers. The program marked the AI-written papers more than 99%of the time and could correctly
tell the differences between human-written and chatbot-written paragraphs 92%of the time. (然后，研究团队测试
了他们的模型在区分一组真实论文和ChatGPT生成的论文方面的效果，其中包括60篇来自《科学》杂志
的真实论文和120篇由ChatGPT生成的论文。该程序标记了超过99%的AI撰写的论文，并能够在92%的
时间里正确区分人类撰写和聊天机器人撰写的段落)”可推知，这个计算机模型非常高效，可以很快的标记
出AI撰写的论文，故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“The researchers of the new study say they are pleased that their program
is effective at weeding out fake papers but warn it is only a proof of concept. (这项新研究的研究人员表示，他们
对程序在筛选虚假论文方面的有效性感到满意，但警告说这仅仅是一个概念证明)”可知，研究人员虽然对
该程序满意，但是却表示该程序仅仅是一个概念证明。由此推知，研究人员对计算机程序的态度是谨慎的，故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中“In the new study, published June 7 in the journal Cell Reports Physical
Science, researchers created a new computer learning program to tell the differences between real scientific papers
and fake examples written by ChatGPT. (在6月7日发表在《细胞报告物理科学》杂志上的新研究中，研究人
员创建了一种新的计算机学习程序，以区分真实的科学论文和ChatGPT写的假例子)”可知，文章主要讲述
了一种可以区分论文是否是真实的科学论文和ChatGPT写的一种程序，故选B项。
三、阅读理解之主旨大意---段落大意
1.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估节选）
The company worked hard to make the system simple to put in place and easy to run. A wooden walkway
allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar powered and can continue to run even if the
electricity goes out. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stored when swimming season ends.
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The advantages of the Seatrac system. B．The success of the TOBEA company.
C．The efforts of the TOBEA company. D．The application of the Seatrac system.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“The company worked hard to make the system simple to put in place and
easy to run. A wooden walkway allows wheelchair users to reach the Seatrac. The system is solar powered and can
continue to run even if the electricity goes out. The Scatrac system can easily be packed up and stored when
swimming season ends. (该公司努力使该系统易于安装和运行。木制人行道允许轮椅使用者到达Seatrac。该
系统由太阳能供电，即使停电也可以继续运行。Scatrac系统可以在游泳季节结束时轻松打包和存放)”可知，
本段主要讲述了Scatrac系统的优势，故选A项。
2.（2024·浙江省Z20名校联盟高三上学期第二次联考）
Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in size, but with impressive
technology, Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant. With all the same capabilities as
Alexa, many critics are asking why there’s a need for Astro.
Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie Tritschler, highlights some unique
features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot. Astro can move on its own and follow people, offering
consumers a far broader range of options. Besides, it can monitor home security. Astro uses Artificial Intelligence to
learn more about household members by interacting with users. Users can also register themselves and others into
its recognition system. When they leave home, they can make an away mode, which means “Sentry (哨兵) Mode”,or “Patrol Mode” start working. If someone who is not recognized enters the house, Astro will follow and record
them. Astro’s mobility seems to be the key feature in its technological enhancement, but what appeals to people
most is its “unique persona”. Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head making it look
rather cute are a big reason for this.
Years of research show that humans often experience positive emotional connections with robots. According to
MIT’s technology review of Astro, it may not fall far from this observation. People have come to love robotic pets,
though they are fully aware that the pets are lifeless. Robots at home can play a useful role in helping elderly
patients fight loneliness or young children face social anxiety.
Amazon is offering people interested in Astro the chance to sign up for Day 1 Editions, a program giving
invitations to Astro as soon as it goes on the market later this year. Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize
the robot when it becomes available, and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they
will want to see in the robot in the near future to make it even better.
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The convenient operation of Astro. B．The essential functions of Astro.
C．The increasing popularity of Astro. D．The distinctive capabilities of Astro.
2．Which aspect of Astro attracts people most?
A．Its recognition system. B．Its ability to move on its own.
C．Its adorable appearance. D．Its ability to monitor home security.
3．What is Tritschler’s attitude to the future of Astro?
A．Critical. B．Positive. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．Astro: A Robot Assistant B．The New Revolution of AI
C．Astro: An Emotional Relief D．The Great Potential of Robots
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是亚马逊最近发布的一款名为Astro的机器人。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Answering this question, Amazon’s Vice-President of Products, Charlie
Tritschler, highlights some unique features of Astro that make it a different kind of robot.(在回答这个问题时，亚
马逊产品副总裁Charlie Tritschler强调了Astro的一些独特功能，使其成为一种不同的机器人。)”结合下文
中介绍的Astro的一些独特的功能可知，本段主要介绍的是Astro的一些独特的功能。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的：“Its big, circular, blinking “eyes” displayed on its screen-like head makingit look rather cute are a big reason for this.(它像屏幕一样的头上长着大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”，这让
它看起来相当可爱，这是一个重要的原因。)”可知，Astro头上长着的大大的、圆形的、闪烁的“眼睛”让
他看起来很可爱，由此可知，Astro最吸引人的是它可爱的外表。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Tritschler is encouraging people to personalize the robot when it becomes
available, and he is confident that users will come up with more ideas and features they will want to see in the robot
in the near future to make it even better.(特里奇勒鼓励人们在机器人可用时对其进行个性化设计，他相信在不
久的将来，用户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好。)”可知，Tritschler相信在不久的将来，用
户会提出更多的想法和功能，让机器人变得更好，由此可知，Tritschler对Astro的未来持乐观的态度。故
选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Amazon recently announced its latest launch, a robot called Astro. Small in
size, but with impressive technology, Astro is seemingly similar to Amazon’s popular virtual assistant.(亚马逊最近
发布了一款名为Astro的机器人。Astro体积小，但技术令人印象深刻，看起来与亚马逊流行的虚拟助手类
似。)”结合下文中的介绍的Astro的独特的功能以及对机器人未来发展情况的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是
亚马逊推出的一款称为Astro的机器人，所以题目“Astro：机器人助手”与本文的内容吻合，且可以概括
本文的主题，适合作为本文的最佳题目。故选A项。
3.（2024·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三上学期11月联考 阅读理解B节选）
Debate tests the teenage character perhaps more than any other activity. The shy and the unsure often have no
desire to look up from their screens and engage in the oldest human interaction: persuasive oral arguments. It’s
dreadful territory for the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering a speech in front of your peers, it all
sounds like the kind of class students would be most likely to skip. But Anna draws them in.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段前四句“Debate tests the teenage character perhaps more than any other
activity. The shy and the unsure often have no desire to look up from their screens and engage in the oldest human
interaction: persuasive oral arguments. It’s dreadful territory for the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering
a speech in front of your peers, it all sounds like the kind of class students would be most likely to skip.(辩论也许
比任何其他活动都更能考验青少年的性格。害羞和不确定的人通常不想从他们的屏幕上抬起头来参与最古
老的人类互动：有说服力的口头辩论。对于普通青少年来说，这是一个可怕的领域。研究、写作、在同龄
人面前发表演讲，这些听起来都是学生最有可能跳过的课程。)”可知，第二段主要是讲辩论对青少年的挑
战性。故选A。
4.（2024·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三上学期10月期中阅读理解B节选）Wall painting is part of Tom’s output. He has created a wall painting for Electric Picnic, along with four other
artists invited to take part in this commission. His wall painting has a special theme, portrayed by doves (鸽子). As
well as his anti-war standpoint, he is doing something meaningful. Tom is a founding member of a tree planting
project called Trees Please. The group has distributed 10, 000 trees in about four years across Ireland.
5．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Tom?
A．His sense of humor and creativity. B．His effort to protect plants and animals.
C．His advice on painting and planting trees. D．His passion for peace and the environment.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Wall painting is part of Tom’s output. He has created a wall painting for
Electric Picnic, along with four other artists invited to take part in this commission. His wall painting has a special
theme, portrayed by doves (鸽子). As well as his anti-war standpoint, he is doing something meaningful. Tom is a
founding member of a tree planting project called Trees Please. The group has distributed 10, 000 trees in about
four years across Ireland.”（壁画是汤姆作品的一部分。他为Electric Picnic创作了一幅壁画，与其他四位艺
术家一起被邀请参加这个项目。他的壁画有一个特别的主题，画的是鸽子。除了他的反战立场，他还在做
一些有意义的事情。汤姆是植树项目“请植树”的创始成员。该组织在大约四年的时间里在爱尔兰各地种
植了1万棵树。）可知，第二段主要告诉我们汤姆对和平和环境的热爱。故选D项。
5.（2024·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三上学期 10月期中）Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the
best payoff in a situation based on not only their decisions but also the decisions of other parties involved. It can
also be used in many aspects of life, from economics to social behavioral sciences, from business strategies to a
house sale and so on.
What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Nash equilibrium?
A．Its elements. B．Its applications. C．Its drawbacks. D．Its backgrounds.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Nash equilibrium helps a player determine the best payoff in a situation
based on not only their decisions but also the decisions of other parties involved. It can also be used in many
aspects of life, from economics to social behavioral sciences, from business strategies to a house sale and so on.”
（纳什均衡帮助玩家在一种情况下确定最佳收益，这种情况不仅基于他们自己的决策，也基于其他参与方
的决策。它也可以用于生活的许多方面，从经济学到社会行为科学，从商业策略到房屋销售等等。）可知，
关于纳什均衡，第四段主要告诉了我们它的应用。故选B项。高考真题
1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望
探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28. A词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in
the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进
一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子
们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划
线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals
on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买
到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was
one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是
Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31. B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段
“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
(这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton
对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An
unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
2.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I'veseen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
8．What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A．Make a movie. B．Build new schools.
C．Run a project. D．Help local musicians.
9．What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A．It is particularly difficult. B．It increases artists' income.
C．It opens children's mind. D．It deserves greater attention.
10．What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A．Moral principles. B．Interpersonal skills.
C．Creative abilities. D．Positive worldviews.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】11．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，
她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
11．文章标题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted
to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote
the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想
掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教
学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺
术教学。故选A。3.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
15．文章标题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后
一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple
geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、
毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一
方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
4.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】31．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的
急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，
而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
31．文章标题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者
只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故
可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
5.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wongwants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作
品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload
of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提
高人们的环保意识。
31．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么
区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕
塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wongwanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For
this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of
plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入
海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，
让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料
垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促
进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
24. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at
tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里
时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the
correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确
的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
25. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one
year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，
一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26. D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out
whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的
形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27. D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to
Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦
鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别
形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适
合作为本文标题。故选D。
7.2022年全国乙卷之C篇
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thingto inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能
帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
28. B推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as
the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做
同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，
无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。
29. C词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros
a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为 200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间
派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and
better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C
项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
30. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead
of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-
moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样
在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时
做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
31. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of
rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁
路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未
来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机
检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护
铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章
主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思
想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
8.2022年1月浙江卷之C篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely todevelop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管 的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were
in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80
watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
【答案】7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。
7. A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit
could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a
decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要
低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段
提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。
8. B 细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's
cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（这些发现令
人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the
study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their
peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到
她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值
能力。故选B项。
9. B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following
four decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个
长期的过程。故选B项。
10. C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit
could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a
decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面
几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大
大降低。故选C项。
9.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住
房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能
狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-
increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建
住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
29. C 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources
wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与
上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即
移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；
D. Distribute分配。故选C。
30. D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买
了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
31. A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，
狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水
禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
10.2021年全国甲卷之D篇
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
.
C They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards
for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of
a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡
献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置
的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
13. D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they
start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按
照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，
女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
14. A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned
to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天
才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
15. B主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最
后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and
simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创
造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以
是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
11.2021年全国乙卷之C篇
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group ofvolunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕
塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在 2018 的一件作品
“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑
来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么
区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的
雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人
们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。
故选C项。29. A推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means
the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need
them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of
Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,
the straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，
但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利
用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才
能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了
展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
30. C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific
statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of
Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied
together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von
Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作
品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒
下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新
了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。
故选C项。
31. D标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?
Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真
的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造
巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von
Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the
ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000
pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at
once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑
料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在
一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意
识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
12.2021年新高考II卷之C篇
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
,
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to
see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet ArtistsC. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了 100万英镑的奖金，
她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
8. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted
to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to
promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，
她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术
教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
9. A推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists
of any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire
children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——
进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学
校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
10. C 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and
creativity depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，
Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。
11. A主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she
wanted to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to
promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，
她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术
教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进
艺术教学。故选A。
13.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a
day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自
己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
4. D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen
— any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——
盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
5. A细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David
Bond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。6. A 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World
Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与
“records”意思一致。故选A项。
7. C主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记
录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World
Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可
推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一
个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。
故选C项。
15.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the resultswere "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩
用来交流的手势含义。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication
where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，
他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故
选D。
45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human
language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨
博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点
令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that
respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言
的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals
convey with non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的
信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the
gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild
chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含
义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：
黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
16.2020年全国II卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It
was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that
helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think
all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share
library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。
32. C推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a
day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures
through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本
书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推
断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33. B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I
had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up
and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我
有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩
子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子
挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣
在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的 I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when theycan. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and
talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓
励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁
其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35. D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最
佳标题。故选D。
17.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth
of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the
rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a
one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂
switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of
energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开
发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植
物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that
greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive
when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，
城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效
率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when
they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感
器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减
少能源消耗。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.
Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps
on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and
therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻
公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。
结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介
绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节
约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
18.2020年新课标ⅠI卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It
was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that
helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think
all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share
library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图
书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家
支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a
day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures
through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本
书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推
断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下
文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load
up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to
them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里
我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，
孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的
乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they
can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and
talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓
励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼
吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最
佳标题。故选D。
19.2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，
而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions
of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past
few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基
因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进
化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新
知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in
Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also
built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。
他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.
Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34.细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us
local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊
的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以
上说法，故选C项。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a
team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志
上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文
主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。
20.2020年6月浙江卷之C篇
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help
your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-
level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she
says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划
和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered
more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills
through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一
系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心
智能力。故选D项。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体
育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作
一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比
较来解释他的发现的。故选B项。
30.主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other
managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能
有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容
可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保
持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C项。
21.2020年1月浙江卷之C篇
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a
characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American
families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in
school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research
also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting is
not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that
single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A. It centered on fathers' role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers.
D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究
人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父
亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
27. A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers are
in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮
助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在
养育子女中的角色。故选A。28. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中 Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following
characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are
stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子
们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权
威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。
29. A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role in
teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍
然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲
父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。
30. C主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative
father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.（一项重要
的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取
得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选 C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习
决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。
22.D【2020·全国I】
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth
of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the
rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in aone-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂
switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of
energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.316
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
【答案】32．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发
了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物
有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener
areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their
workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较
好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高
15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
23. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on morethan 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making "Apes."
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes."
D. The performance of real apes.
【答案】25.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物
爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍
摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈
利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉)
technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records
an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可
知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，
花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字
化人猿的创造。故选B项。
24.D【2022·新高考I卷】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
12. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that
speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate
softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found
how and why this trend arose.（30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和
“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发
现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
13. C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient
human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip
to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他
们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成
的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结
构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
14. A主旨大意题。根据文章第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a
global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing
remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-
gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的
变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有
发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
15. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained
stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the
product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a
member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定
保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，
Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
25.D【2022·全国甲卷】
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.
“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼发展中面临的问题——发展
为一个传统文化城市还是现代化城市。
32. C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney,
Australia. The city discovered its harbor. 20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了
它的港口 ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. 正是港口造就了这个城市”可知，本段的大意是
悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney
ferryboats for a living. 30多岁的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生”、第
三段中的“I’ll miss these old boats. 我会想念这些旧船的”以及第五段中的“Catamarans are faster, but
they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. 双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣”可
知，Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中的Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its
rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. 悉尼
的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都
抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑，可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its
attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年
轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)以及最后一段
He is right，可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
26.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是
非必需品的观点。
24.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the
age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically
everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的
人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定
电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not
really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13
percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表
示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不
是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固
定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
26.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home
number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That
said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实
说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
27.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the
way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯
和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，
侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
27.2021年6月浙江卷之C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto
something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new
study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the
person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses
more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that
the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule appliesto an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类 的面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有
这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
8.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the
same person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高
兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
9.细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the
lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial
expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in
training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表
情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗
看的照片是不一样的。故选C。
10.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies intheir living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has
provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来说，
最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接
触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表
情的可能原因。故选B。
28.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth
of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the
rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a
one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂
switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of
energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开
发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植
物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that
greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive
when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，
城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效
率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when
they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感
器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理
工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US.
Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps
on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and
therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻
公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。
结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介
绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节
约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
