10 如何在测试中科学地应对写作
考场应用文写作应对策略例析
▲牢记写作评价标准
要点齐全，结构合理，段落清晰，过渡自然，句式多样，合理地运用高频词汇和高级
句型，且卷面整洁，让阅卷老师眼前一亮，五档作文水到渠成。然而，有的学生审题不清
误解要点，语言不规范，“硬伤”不断，卷面脏、乱、差，字体潦草，导致阅卷教师看不
清或看不懂其所写内容，这在一定程度上会影响考生的得分，往往为三档作文。
优秀作文的特征
言之有心，不跑题 1.审题准确 2.要点齐全 3.发挥合理
言之有序，显逻辑 1.段落层次合理 2.条理清晰 3.很好地运用“三段式”作文法
言之有技，经推敲 1.洗词炼句、地道准确 2.能灵活运用高级词汇，语言功底深厚
句式多变，长短句结合，能灵活运用非谓语动词、定语从句、倒
言之有艺，秀文采
装句和强调句等高级句式。
书写美观，见功底 书写规范，卷面整洁，给人赏心悦目之感。
【策略例析】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容
包括：
1．人物简介；2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us.
示例1：三档作文 名师点评本范文要点基本齐全，结构完整，但是书法潦草，整
体给阅卷老师的感觉是该生基本功差，没有吸引老师的亮点
词汇和高级句式，还犯一些愚蠢错误。
1．句式方面：句式单一，单句较多；不会使用非谓语、定
语从句和名词性从句；更不会使用倒装及强调句。
2．词汇方面：“显眼”的单词拼写错误(Her friendly)，名词
的单复数误用(knowledges)，这类错误虽然不会对句意的表
达有很大的影响，但会给阅卷老师留下考生语言基础薄弱的
印象，从而使作文落入低档。
3．语法方面：时态语态和主谓一致错误(She teach us
knowledges)，这些错误也是考生低档徘徊的直接原因。
示例2：五档作文 名师点评
本范文要点齐全，结构完整，用词准确，语言流畅，灵
活地运用了亮点词汇和高级句式，具备了满分作文的六大基
本特征：
1．层次不乱(本文分为三段，层次清晰)；
2．句式多变(如：①句为结果状语从句；②句为强调句型；
③句为not only...but also...句型；④句为动词－ing形式的完
成式作状语；
3．亮点若干(高频词汇：be of medium height，give me great
encouragement，set a great example to us students)；
4．巧妙串联(如：and，in addition等)；
5．蠢错不犯；
6．整洁卷面，语意丰满。
▲掌握布局谋篇的方法
写一篇好的作文，必须掌握布局谋篇的三步法，这是书面表达稳拿分、拿满分的写作
法宝，三步法写作步骤如下：
【策略例析】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请
她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括：
1．剧情简介；2.指导内容；3.商定时间地点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．结束语已为你写好。
Dear Miss Evans，
Looking forward to your early reply.Best regards!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【写作布局】
I.审题谋篇
定体裁 求助信
定人称 第一人称
定时态 一般现在时
第一段
点名写信目的——请求指导根据英语课文改
(开篇点题) 编的短剧。
第二段 1.剧情简介；
定要点、
(3个要点 2．指导内容；
定结构
缺一不可) 3．商定时间地点。
第三段
表达期待
(巧妙收尾)
II.遣词造句
1．我写信是想请您指导一部根据我们的一篇文章改编短剧。
I’m writing to ask for your guidance on a short play，which is adapted from one of our texts.
(高频词汇＋定语从句＋被动语态)2．它讲述了一个名叫黛西的女孩的故事，她和一些野生动物交谈，并下定决心帮助保护环
境。
It tells a story about a girl named Daisy，who talks with some wild animals and makes up her
mind to help protect the environment.(非谓语动词作定语＋定语从句)
3．如果您方便的话，我们可以在本周日早上8点在我们学校的艺术大厅见面吗？
(1)高频词汇：Could we meet in our school art hall at 8：00 am this Sunday at your earliest
convenience?
(2)高级句式：Could we meet in our school art hall at 8：00 am this Sunday if it is convenient
for you？(if条件状语从句)
4．我们真诚地希望你们能帮我们这个忙，帮助我们提高业绩。
We sincerely hope you can do us a favor and help improve our performance.(词汇不重，彰显
水准)
III.过渡成篇
IV.规避错误
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷老师的主要“照顾点”。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能
地少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。
1.句子成分残缺不全
(1)We always working till late at night before taking exams.
改：We always work till late at night before taking exams.
(2)We should read books may be useful to us.
改：We should read books which may be useful to us.
2.句子成分多余
(1)This test is end，but there is another test is waiting for you.
改：One test ends，but another is waiting for you.
(2)The driver of the red car was died on the spot.
改：The driver of the red car died on the spot.
3.主谓不一致
(1)Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective.
改：Some think that reading should be selective.
(2)My sister go to the cinema at least once a week.
改：My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week.
4.动词时态、语态的误用
(1)I was walking along the road，and there are not so many cars on the street.
改：I was walking along the road and there were not so many cars on the street.
(2)We have little time to read some books which we interest.
改：We have little time to read some books in which we are interested.
(3)I am a student who has studying in the college for two years.
改：I have been studying in the college for two years.
5.词类混淆
(1)Honest is so important for everyone.
改：Honesty is so important for everyone.
(2)The old man was hit by a car when he across the street.
改：The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street.
▲注重词汇句式的凝炼
I.词汇选择
从高考书面表达的评分标准可知，用词是否准确、出彩在一定程度上决定了作文能否得高分。高考英语书面表达评分标准也鼓励考生使用高级词汇，但使用高级词汇并不等于
使用一些偏难、古怪的词汇，而是使用一些表意准确、形象生动、语法正确且符合以英语
为母语的人的习惯表达方式的词汇。在使用词汇时，我们可以尝试如下方法。
1.无重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的词汇水平。
用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是词汇高级用法的体现。恰当地使用同义词不仅可以体现雅
致的文风，还有利于增强段落的统一性和连贯性。
By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in
different fields.
→By learning English I have broadened my mental horizons and increased my knowledge in
various fields.
通过学英语我开阔了我的视野，增加了我在各领域的知识。
2.具体化
所谓词义具体化原则是指，写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词，而要根据语境
使用具体生动的词。
So good do they look that I think you could be interested in them.
→So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them.
3.晚词优先
为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的词汇代替
低年级阶段学到的词汇。
Aimed to help us to know the importance of working，an activity themed “Working is the most
beautiful” was held last week.
→Aimed to help us to be aware of the importance of working，an activity themed “Working is
the most beautiful” was held last week.
4.短语优先
用短语代替单词或词块不仅会使文章增加亮点，而且如果关键时刻思维短路，用短语
凑字是一个很好的选择。
(1)形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词
形容词 对应短语
very importantof great importance
very useful of great usevery valuable of great value
very beneficialof great benefit
very helpful of great help
Working as a volunteer will be very beneficial to my oral English.
→Working as a volunteer will be of great benefit to my oral English.
(2)动词变短语的方法：同义短语替换
动词 对应短语
think hold the view
know/realize be aware of
use make use of/take advantage of
①I like playing football in my spare time.
→I’m fond of playing football in my spare time.
→I’m interested in playing football in my spare time.
→I’m crazy about playing football in my spare time.
→I’m addicted to playing football in my spare time.
②I sincerely hope that you will consider my suggestions.
→I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account/consideration.
II.句式多变
一篇优秀的书面表达首先内容要全、段落层次清晰、行文逻辑通顺连贯，同时还要注
意恰当地运用强调句、倒装句、复合句及含有非谓语动词的高级句式，彰显考生的丰富的
语言内涵。但是，在使用句式时，应遵循以下原则：高级但不造作，多变但不离谱，复杂
但不晦涩。平时要注重有意识地积累和背诵原汁原味的英语句子和文章，有意识地尝试使
用或模仿。
1.特殊句式
(a）运用强调句
强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达
方式。其构成：
(1)强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。
(2)借助于助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。
With your generous help，I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
→It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon aspossible.
I do hope you can make progress in Chinese learning.
（b）倒装句
在写作中，倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。
常见的有：
We can raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment only in this way.→Only in this
way can we raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment.
We had hardly arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
→Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
She is so patient with each student that we all like her.
→So patient with each student is she that we all like her.
Our school life is busy.We should never forget to spare some time to do exercise and build our
body.
→Busy as our school life is，we should never forget to spare some time to do exercise and build
our body.
An old temple which dates back to Ming Dynasty stands at the foot of the mountain.
→At the foot of the mountain stands an old temple，which dates back to Ming Dynasty.
（c）省略句
If it is possible，avoid going to crowded public places such as cinemas，shopping malls and
Internet bars and so on.→If possible，avoid going to crowded public places such as cinemas，
shopping malls and Internet bars and so on.
2.三大句式
(a)定语从句
①We all know that Chinese food has become increasingly popular around the world.→As is
known to us，Chinese food has become increasingly popular around the world.
②The activity’s aim is to draw attention to environmental protection.It provides a platform for
participants to remind people that we should care about nature.→The activity，whose aim is to
draw attention to environmental protection，provides a platform for participants to remind people
that we should care about nature.
③Ninety students from twenty classes participated in the race，among whom thirty were girls.
(b)名词性从句①What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage language for different
roles.
②What you told me about your country broadened my horizons and aroused my interest in foreign
culture.
(c)状语从句
The task is tough.There is no doubt that we will overcome all the difficulties and succeed.
→No matter how/However tough the task is，there is no doubt that we will overcome all the
difficulties and succeed.
3.活用非谓语
(a)整合简单句
①I know you are fond of classical music.I’d like to invite you to participate in a Chinese classical
music concert.
→Knowing that you are fond of classical music，I’d like to invite you to participate in a Chinese
classical music concert.
②We were bathed in sunshine ，we sang and laughed while picking organges.→Bathed in
sunshine，we sang and laughed while picking organges.
③After lunch，we spent some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games.It made
them very happy.
→After lunch，we spent some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，making
them very happy.
→After lunch，we spent some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which
made them very happy.
(b)简化复合句
①I am more than happy to know that you are planning to travel to China.
→Knowing that you are planning to travel to China，I feel very happy.
②I’m glad to know that you are launching a campaign which is aimed at making your classmates
have a better understanding of China.
→I’m glad to know that you are launching a campaign aimed at making your classmates have a
better understanding of China.
(c)适时感叹
What a wonderful time we had! Not only did it give us relaxation，but also it got us closer tonature.
III.增加细节
在英语书面表达中，增加细节内容的描述是必不可少的。在信息提纲类写作中，考生
一定不能简单地翻译或者仅仅完成所给条目的指定内容；在看图作文中更不能只是轻描淡
写图片内容，否则很有可能造成内容不充实，词数要求不达标或者结构不连贯等问题。适
当增加细节内容，能够使习作流畅、丰满，达到应有的表达效果。
1.增加同位语或定语从句
①I’m Li Hua and I’m studying at this school.(2020·福州毕业班质量检测)
→I’m Li Hua，a Chinese student on an exchange program，and I’m studying at this school.
②I want to have a pen friend.
→I want to have a pen friend，hopefully a girl with interests similar to mine.
③The film is mainly related to the development of our school.
→The film is mainly related to the development of our school，which will greatly help us
students know the school’s history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school’s
development.
④To begin with，the theme of the show is Environment Protection.
→To begin with，the theme of the show is Environment Protection，which will be not only
meaningful but also interesting.
2.列举具体的实例来补充说明
①I’ll spend some time staying with my parents.
→I’ll spend some time staying with my parents，chatting with them and doing some housework.
②In the past two weeks，we have had the cultural communication in many aspects.
→In the past two weeks，we have had the cultural communication in many aspects，such as
life，study，sports，literature，arts and so on.
3.添加与所给信息有关的原因、结果、条件、让步、手段、目的等内容
①I am more than delighted to share some details with you.(2020·银川质量检测书面表达)
→Knowing that you are interested in our “Love into the Nursing Home” activity，I am more than
delighted to share some details with you.
②I’m planning to take a part－time job in a foreign company.
→In order to get some practical experience，I’m planning to take a part－time job in a foreign
company.③The contest will be held on January 10.(2020·昆明市三诊一模书面表达)
→The contest will be held on January 10 with the aim of enriching students’ after－school life
and promoting Chinese traditional culture.
4.内容适当具体化
①I’m going to do some shopping.
→I’m going to do some shopping in the supermarket and won’t be back until 5：00 o’clock in the
afternoon.
②The activity will be held in Classroom 501.
→The activity will be held from 9 a．m. to 10 a．m. on April 11 in Classroom 501.
5.表达感受、评价、愿望、倡议等
①I think it is a good chance to appreciate local operas.
→I think it is a good chance to appreciate local operas，which will surely help you learn more
about Chinese culture.
②We can set out early.
→We can set out early so that we can have more time to read and select books.
③There are quite a few missing pages.
→There are quite a few missing pages，making it impossible to use.
6.补充功能性(交际性)语言
①I would appreciate it if you could take my application into account at your convenience.
②I’m looking forward to your early reply.
策略应用实践练习
1．假定你是红星中学的学生李华，你校来自美国的交换生John在学校网站上发布了一份
求助信，称自己由于中文不好，与同学们的日常交流存在障碍，想求助大家如何学好中文。
请你给他发一封邮件，给他一些学习中文的建议，内容包括：
1.自我介绍并表明写信目的；
2.提出学习中文的建议。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
2．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Margaux写信向你询问如何平衡学习和摄影爱好之间的关
系。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 告知收到来信，得知情况；
2. 给出合理建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Margaux,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
Yours,
Li Hua
3．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主
题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)活动形式；
(2)活动内容。
注意：(1)词数100左右；
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
4．假定你是李华，在生日来临之际你收到了美国网友Nancy寄来的礼物。请你用英语给她
回一封电子邮件，要点如下：
1. 礼物已收到；
2. 表示谢意；
3. 回赠礼物
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头与结尾已给，不计入总词数。
Dear Nancy,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
Yours,
Li Hua
5．假定你是李华，在购买笔记本电脑的过程中，你的外国留学生朋友John给了你很多的
建议和帮助，请你给他写封 E-mail 表示感谢，内容包括：
1. 表示感谢；
2. 感谢的原因；3. 请他去家里吃饭。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式作答。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
参考答案
1．
【答案】
Dear John,
I’m your schoolmate Li Hua. I have learned that you have difficulty learning Chinese, and I
would like to give you some advice on this.
Firstly, listen to Chinese as often as possible. The first step in learning a new language is to
get accustomed to the pronunciation. Secondly,devote time to memorizing characters. Characters
are to Chinese what words are to English. Spend at least half an hour memorizing characters every
day. Thirdly, read a lot. You can read Chinese newspapers and magazines that interest you.
I hope these suggestions will be helpful to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】这是一封建议信。要求考生以李华的身份给你校来自美国的交换生John发一
封邮件，给他一些学习中文的建议。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
得知：learn→ be informed of
建议：advice →recommendation
听：listen→ lend an ear to
有益的：be helpful→ be beneficial
2.句式拓展
同义句改写原句：I have learned that you have difficulty learning Chinese, and I would like to give you some
advice on this.
拓展句：Having learned that you have difficulty learning Chinese, I would like to give you some
advice on this.
【句式亮点】【高分句型1】The first step in learning a new language is to get accustomed to
the pronunciation.（介词短语做后置定语）
【高分句型2】You can read Chinese newspapers and magazines that interest you.（that引导的
定语从句，先行词为newspapers and magazines）
2．
【答案】
Dear Margaux,
I heard that you love photography but have been struggling to balance your study with
pursuing your interests. I’m glad to offer my advice!
First of all, you’d better prioritize your time. Make a list of all the things that you need to do,
assign each task in order of importance. Additionally, schedule blocks of time for study and
photography. Lastly, take a good rest. With these tips, you can find a balance which will allow you
time for your classes, hobbies and rest.
I wish my suggestions would be of some help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本文是应用文。假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Margaux写信向你询问如何平
衡学习和摄影爱好之间的关系。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1. 告知收到来信，得知
情况；2. 给出合理建议。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→happy
建议：advice→suggestion/tip
此外：Additionally→In addition
有帮助的：of some help →helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Lastly, take a good rest.拓展句：Lastly, take a good rest, which can make you energetic.
【句式亮点】【高分句型1】I heard that you love photography but have been struggling to
balance your study with pursuing your interests.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Make a list of all the things that you need to do, assign each task in order of
importance.(运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型3】With these tips, you can find a balance which will allow you time for your
classes, hobbies and rest.(运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
3．
【答案】
Dear Jim,
Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need my
help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner, which means
students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through getting
involved in different activities by themselves. You can showcase garbage classification on site,
plant trees and publicize sharing economy, which will all fit into the theme of “Green Beijing”.
Hopefully, you will get some inspiration from my suggestions. Wish you success.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好友Jim策划的“绿色北京”社团活
动给出一些建议。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→tip
提供：offer→provide
开展：carry out→conduct
主题：theme→topic
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need
my d help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
拓展句：Since you are planning a club activity with the theme of “Green Beijing” and need myhelp, I am writing to offer you my suggestions.
【句式亮点】[高分句型1] Hearing that you are planning a club activity with the theme of
“Green Beijing” and need my help, I am writing to offer you my suggestions. (运用了that引导宾
语从句)
[高分句型2] I think you can carry out this activity in an interactive and experiential manner,
which means students can participate and have a better understanding of “Green Beijing” through
getting involved in different activities by themselves. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
4．
【答案】
Dear Nancy,
I am so happy to receive your gift. Thank you so much for such a great camera with which I
can take many interesting photos to record my colorful life.
I know you are interested in Chinese culture, so I have chosen a collection of traditional
Chinesemusic records for you. Now you can enjoy a lot of famous music played by different
unique instruments of China such as the pipa, erhu and guzheng.
Thank you again and I hope you will come to China and experience wonderful traditional
Chinese music in person with me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本文是应用文。假定你是李华，在生日来临之际你收到了美国网友Nancy寄
来的礼物。请你用英语给她回一封电子邮件，要点如下：1. 礼物已收到；2. 表示谢意；3.
回赠礼物。
【要点分析】1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy→pleased
对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in
选择：choose→select
亲自：in person→personally
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Now you can enjoy a lot of famous music played by different unique instruments of China
such as the pipa, erhu and guzheng.拓展句：Now you can enjoy a lot of famous music which is played by different unique
instruments of China such as the pipa, erhu and guzheng.
【句式亮点】【高分句型1】Thank you so much for such a great camera with which I can take
many interesting photos to record my colorful life.(运用了介词+which引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】Thank you again and I hope you will come to China and experience wonderful
traditional Chinese music in person with me.(运用了省略that引导的宾语从句)
5．
【答案】
Hi John,
I wanted to take a moment to express my heartfelt gratitude for all the help and advice you
provided during my laptop purchase process.
Your guidance was immensely valuable and played a significant role in helping me make an
informed decision. Your knowledge and expertise in electronics truly impressed me, and I am
extremely grateful for the time and effort you put into assisting me.
To show my appreciation, I would like to invite you to my house for a meal. It would be an
excellent opportunity for us to catch up, enjoy good food, and further strengthen our friendship.
Once again, thank you so much for your invaluable support. I’m truly fortunate to have a friend
like you!
Best regards,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给外国留学生朋友John写封 E-mail， 感谢他
在购买笔记本电脑的过程中给以建议和帮助。
【要点分析】1. 词汇积累
表达：express→show
明智的：informed→wise
感激：grateful→appreciative
加强：strengthen→promote
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Your guidance was immensely valuable and played a significant role in helping me make
an informed decision.拓展句：Your guidance played a significant role in helping me make an informed decision, which
was immensely valuable.
【句式亮点】[高分句型1] I wanted to take a moment to express my heartfelt gratitude for all
the help and advice you provided during my laptop purchase process.(运用省略that的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Your knowledge and expertise in electronics truly impressed me, and I am extremely
grateful for the time and effort you put into assisting me.(省略that的定语从句)
