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01如何让应用文写作更具礼貌性-(通用版)_英语(2)_一轮复习_2024年_2024年高考英语一轮复习应用文写作失误分析+应对策略(通用版)_资料

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01 如何让应用文写作更具礼貌性
应用文写作中的礼貌与面子
1.英语应用文写作中的礼貌原则
言语交际的成功在很大程度上取决于恰当的表达方式及适当的礼貌形式,因此一篇好
的应用文对作者语言的得体表达能力要求甚高。研究话语的得体性就必然要涉及三个方面
的 内容:克制原则、幽默原则和礼貌原则。其中的礼貌原则通常被理解为说话人为实现某
一目的而采取的语用策略。礼貌原则的具体内容如下:
(1)得体准则:最小限度地使别人受损;最大限度地使别 人得益;
(2)慷慨准则:最小限度地使自己得益;最大限度地使自己受损;
(3)赞誉准则:最小限度地贬低别人;最大限度地赞 誉别人;
(4)谦逊准则:最大限度地赞誉别人;最大限度地贬低 自己;
(5)一致准则:使对话双方的分歧减至最小限度;使对话双方的一致增至最大限度;
(6)同情准则:使对话双方的反感减至最小限度;使对话双方的同情增至最大限度。
上述礼貌原则在英语应用文中得到了良好的印证。例如,在英语的邀请函中,我们时
常可以看到“It is our greatest pleasure to invite you…”这样的句式,这就是礼貌原则中的
“赞誉准 则”和“谦虚准则”在英语应用文中的体现。又如在一封英语介绍信的结尾出现
“If you have any questions regarding this recommendation, please do not hesitate to contact
me.”告知对方“若对此次介绍有任何疑问,请立即联系,无需犹豫”,这样的结束语就很
好地运用了“得体准则”和“慷慨准则”。
再如,用书面回复他人抱怨时,汉语中一开头就要使用“阁下”、“贵处”等敬称,
然而在英语应用文中用到“I apologize for the inconvenience”和“I would be more than
happy to speak with you to find a resolution to your complaint”这样的句子就很好地体现了
英语礼貌原则中的“同情准则”和“一致准则”。
2.中英礼貌原则的差异
礼貌是人类社会普遍具有的一种现象,但礼貌同时又具有民族性,不同的民族表达礼
貌的方式不尽相同。中国是一古老的文明礼仪之邦,中国式的礼貌自成一套,因此英语中
的礼貌原则在汉语的语境下不一定够用或者适用。
汉语文化中礼貌规范的四大特点:尊重、谦逊、态度热情、文雅。与汉语文化有关的
五大礼貌准则:(1)“自卑而尊人” 与贬己尊人准则:指称自己或与自己相关的人或事物时要
“贬”、要“谦”,称听者或与听者有关联的事物时要“抬”、要“尊”;
(2)“上下有义,贵贱有分,长幼有等”与称呼准则:指人们出于礼貌,在称呼上按
“上下”、“贵贱”、“长幼”有别的传统来体现人际交往中的社会关系;
(3)“彬彬有礼”与文雅准则:出言高雅,文质彬彬往往被认为是“懂礼貌”、“有
教养”;
(4)“脸”、“面子”与求同准则:就是注意与人的身份和社会地位保持相称,说话
双方要力求和谐一致;
(5)“有德者必有言”与德、言、行准则:指在行为动机上尽量减少他人付出的代价,
尽量增大他人的益处,在言辞上尽量夸大别人给自己的好处,尽量缩小自己付出的代价。
汉语是一种以话题为中心的语言,而英语是以主语为中心的,因此两种语言的表达形
态和推进速度都不相同——运用汉语时内容优先结构靠后,而使用英语时则恰恰相反。这
些都应是英语教师在应用文写作教学中需要向学生阐明的。对中西方文化差异和语言差异
的充分认识是学习者正确使用英语进行应用文写作的坚实基础。
3.英语应用文写作中威胁他人面子的案例分析
高中常见英语作文类型涉及范围广,包括通知类信件、感谢信、求助信、议论文等。
如 今处于新高考改革的形势下,所以更应该提高学生的素质培养,对于英语作文的写作,
不只要求学生能够运用单词短语写出一篇完整顺畅的文章,也更应该强调学生从整体上把
握对英语语境的理解,储备知识量,活学活用,将单词应用到最适宜的语境中,从而写出
一篇更地道的英语作文。因此,运用面子理论能够有效地分析出如今学生在英语作文中存
在的问题也 能够对于学生以后的学习有些许的启发。
[案例分析1]
The teacher should reduce the amount of homework to improve the quality of review.
You should have a good rest for sufficient energy.
此类用情态动词给他人建议的句 子常常出现在高中生的英语作文中,并且should在
英语作文中出现的频率极高,但通过面子理论来分析这两句话可以看出,第一句威胁了教
师的 消极面子。首先,学生与老师在职位等级上来说,老师要高于学生,学生应当以谦
逊的态度对老师提出意见,但是在此篇作文中学生以略显强硬的态度提出了自己的建议,
学生认为教师应该减少作业量来提高复习质量,但是这也许并不是老师的意愿,学生强加
自己的意愿到老师身上,这便有损老师的消极面子,失为一种礼貌行为。
同样,第二句话也威胁了其他同学的消极面子,同学与同学之间是平等的,没有社会等级之差,但出于礼貌原则,往往在与自己平级的同学或同事交际的时候,自己也要保持
一个谦卑的态度, 这样才有利于两者之间关系的巩固和发展 。写建议的学生本来想通过
此句话对其他学生提出诚恳的建议,但用了“should ”一词,明显带有命令的语气,强加
自己的想法到他人身上,这便威胁了他人的消极面子 。
[案例分析2]
There should be a provision in the law to prevent people from driving when they are drunk.
The mass media should also play a role in publicizing the hazards of drunken driving.
在这些提建议的情况下使用 “should ”一词就再合适不过了,所以,学生应该清楚
自 己所写内容要面对的对象,然后选择合适的用语,能 够想到这一层面,学生一定也会
在现实的人际交往中 很好地维护他人以及自己的面子。高中英语作文也常会出现以介绍
自己喜欢的人为题,学生便会出现以下类似句子,如:
She is friendly to us. We regard her as our sister.
I think she is most beautiful.
这两句话便出现在一篇以介绍自己最喜欢的老师为题的作文中,很明显可以看出,这
两句话都是对老师的称赞,一句是夸赞老师的性格和善,待人温柔,平易近人;另一句是
赞美老师的外表,这两句都在无形之中维护了老师的积极面子,如果老师看到此篇文章一
定会感到 欣慰开心,这同时也有益于师生关系的融洽发展,但如果细细分析,对于第二句
话,如果并不是这位学生所描写的老师看到此篇作文,又会作何感想呢?其他老师是否会
觉得自己的外表是不是真的比文中的老师稍有逊色呢,从这个观点来分析,此句话便有可
能威胁到其他老师的积极面子,在日常生活中,每个人的人际交往圈都不一样,所以,由
小见大,老师对于学生的素质培养应该从细节抓起,对于礼貌行为的灌输也应该从生活中
的点滴培养。
另一方面,从老师的角度进行分析,对于批改学生的作文,老师会抱有一种好奇的态
度,会想知道学生对于各种话题都会有什么样的想法,这不光会有益于老师的思维发展,
同时也会影响老师的心情,当看到有趣新奇的想法,老师也一定会感到开心,但当老师看
到影响心情的作文的时候,这一定是违反了面子理论,作文中一定出现了威 胁他人积极面
子或消极面子的句子。所以,如果能够重视面子理论在作文中的应用,也可以避免一些负
面影响情况的出现。
高中生英语作文语用失误及应对策略
语用失误不是语法错误,而是言语适合与得体的问题,它是由学习者对目的语的语法、语义功能理解不当或语言表达不得体造成的。在明确了汉语和英语礼貌原则差异的基础上
学习者应当有意识地在用英语进行应用文写作时组织符合英语礼貌原则的语言,注意与平
时常用的母语中的礼貌原则相区别,这样才能避免语用失误。应用文写作常见的语用失误
及应对分析入校:
1.语言失误
(1)汉语逐字翻译
高三学生虽然已经掌握了一定的英语词汇、语法、句式。但有时由于学生的词汇储备
不足,也会出现按汉语意思逐字翻 译的现象,从而导致语用失误。例:
We will learn more so as to face the society better.
学生想要表达我们学习更多知识,为的是更好的面对社会。但是把“面对社会” 按照
汉语的思维,逐字翻译成为 face the society。可以改为:face challenge from society。
(2)英汉词语等同
通常为了方便学生学习单词,会对单词的词义做汉语标注,然而因为文化背景不同,
汉语意思往往不能准确地表达英语 单词的内涵,导致学生认为英汉两个词语 完全等同,
结果引起语用失误。例 :
I want to devote my force to it.
本句出自一篇志愿者申请书。学生想要表“我想为(一 带一路)贡献自己的力量。”
但他没有理解清楚 force的涵义。 在英语中 force 指的是武力、暴力或者物理碰撞、打击
所产生的力。在这里使用明显不妥,可以这样说:I want to devote myself to it。
(3)套用母语表达结构
作为中国英语学习者,学生的思维方式会受到汉语的影响,如果学生不清楚英语的表
达方式,很大程度上就会按照汉语 结构进行表达。例:
I have been considering to express my thanks to you for a long time.
该句出自一封感谢信,作者写信感谢他在英国作为交换生时的房东。按照汉语理解,
他所要表达的意思是:长久以来,我 内心一直对你非常感激。但是这句英语给人的理解就
是:长久以来,我一直在考虑要不要向你表达感激。这句话套用了汉语的表达方式,会给
收信人带来误解。可以直接这样说:I'm writing to express my thanks to you for your help.
(4)语态、语气失误
英语有主动语态和被动语态,汉语中也有被字句。因为英语思维中比较注重客体,所
以被动语态使用较多。而汉语思维注 重主体,因而使用主动语态较多。中国英语学习者受
汉语的影响经常把该用被动语态的句子用成主动语态,导致语用失误。例:Our school will hold a ceremony for us in our big playground.
按照汉语的说法:“学校将为我们在 操场上举行了盛大的典礼。”符合汉语思维与习
惯 。但是在英语中,这种情况通常要用被动去完成,同时省略动作的发出者:A ceremony
will be held for us in our big playground。
2.社交语用失误
(1)违反合作原则
合作原则(cooperative principles) 是指按照会话目的或交流方向,提供交际所需的充
分、真实、相关和简洁有序话语 或信息。虽然合作原则主要是分析对话中的语用现象,但
是写作中也同样会出现大量违反合作原则而导致的语用失误。例如:下面这位同学因为不
能如约和朋友一起去书店而列举的理由,以及想要重新约定时间而写的这段话:
There are three reasons why I broke my words this morning. I told my mom my plan
with you. But she disagreed because she thought I should stay at home and then my
teacher called me that my English class have changed time on Monday. What's more? It
was my father's birth- day that is on Monday I sincerely apologize to me. Why not change
the meet on Friday? Fridays is on holiday. Do you have time on Friday?
首先他在列举理由时违反了量的原则。他列举了三个理由:母亲就不同意、老师临时
调课、父亲的生日。他列举了太多的理由,反而让收信人无法判断到底是哪个原因导致是
他无法如约去书店,有撒谎的嫌疑。倒不如给出一个具有说服力的理由。在另约时间时,
违反了方式准则 。他用了“ Why not change the meet on Friday? Fridays is on holiday.
Do you have time on Friday?”三句话讲,非常啰嗦,倒不如说:What about this Friday?
更加清楚明白。
(2)违反礼貌原则
口语交际中,如果说话人违反了礼貌 原则,还可以补救。但是在书信中,一旦出 现
礼貌性问题,写信人没有机会对其进行 修改,可能会引起收信人心理不适,导致 误解,
而无法达到写信的目的 。所以在英 语书信中,尤其要注意礼貌性问题 。例如:下面这句
道歉信的开头:
I'm writing to you to inform that our meeting in this week has to be postponed
because of my school examination.
学生想要表达因为学校考试,所以不得不推迟已经约定好去书店的计划。但是作为道
歉信的第一句话用这样来表述,语气生硬,毫无道歉之意。用 inform 似乎表明写信人的身份地位较之收信人要高出不少,,违反了礼貌原则。这句话应当表述为:I'm very sorry that
I can't go to the bookstore with you this week because of my examination.
类似的表达还有:
Grown-up ceremony is meaningful for everyone and I wish you can come on time.
You are one of my best friends at school. If you read this letter, please give me a
reply as quickly as possible.
I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apology.
这些句子的共同点在于,语气强硬,似乎在命令收信人必须按写信人的意思来做,只
会引起收信人的反感,很难达到交际的目的。
(3)忽视文化价值差异
语言与文化密切相关,如果英语学习者不了解英语和汉语之间文化差异,在言语交际
中把本族文化等同于英语语言文化,就会产生语用失误。比如下面这位同学劝说对方做志
愿者的理由:
As a student,it's your responsibility to contribute your country. Admittedly, volunteering
is a good method which is beneficial to not only personal improvement but also the country
construction.
中国人一般把国家和集体置于个人之上 。与此相反,西方则体现自我中心意识和独立
的意识。这位同学在阐述做志愿 者的理由时反复强调要为国家做贡献,志愿活动也有利于
国家建设。显然他把汉语的文化价值等同于英语中的文化价值,因忽视文化价值差异导致
了语用失误。
(4)忽视认知经验差异
认知是指人们获得知识、运用知识,或信息加工的心理过程。因不同文化背景、知识
结构、思维想象等外部因素,不同的个体会形成不同的认知经验。对同一事物,不同的人
可能会产生不同的理解。比如下面这位同学邀请朋友来参加他的成 人礼活动的这句话:
The ceremony will be held to celebrate us students will grow up and attend the most
important exam in life.
成人礼的庆祝活动,全世界各不相同。在英美文化中,主要以成人舞会的形式来庆祝,
是一件轻松而愉快的事。但这位同学说成人礼既是庆祝自己长大成人,也是祝贺自己将要
参加人生中最重要的考试。成人礼和考试两件事怎么能放在一起,这可能会让西方人莫名
其妙,无法理解。所以,不同的认知经验会导致学生不同的理解,产生交流障碍,导致语
用失误。策略应用实践练习
1. 假定你是李华,外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认
为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件,内容包括:
1. 说明问题;
2. 提出建议。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
2.假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Caroline来信说她打算参加所在学校举办的文化节活动并
介绍中国文化,想请你从下列主题中推荐一项:1.传统节日;2.文字发展。请你给她回信,
内容包括:
1.你的建议;
2.推荐理由。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Caroline,
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
3.假定你是李华,你们学校有一个生态农场,种植各种蔬菜和果树。为弘扬中国传统农业
和提升环保意识,你校打算本周日在该农场举办夏令营活动。请你写信邀请你的美国朋友
Peter一同参加这个活动。内容包括:
1. 活动举办的时间和地点;2. 活动安排;3. 注意事项。
注意:①词数100左右;②可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;③参考词汇:生态农场
ecological farm。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_
4.假定你是李华,为丰富同学们的校园生活,你校英语社团将举办英语才艺展示活动,请
你给外教老师Peter写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括:
1.活动目的、时间、地点和内容;
2.期待外教表演节目。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
How are you?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_
Yours.
Li Hua
5.假定你是李华,你的美国网友David获悉你班师生上周六到郊区美丽村庄的旅游活动,
他给你发来邮件表示很感兴趣。请你给他回一封电子邮件,介绍该活动,内容包括:
1.交通方式等;
2.活动过程;
3.表达感想。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3. I think it’s not a good idea to randomly pair up students for the spoken
English training after class. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, randomly pairing up students may lead to unbalanced language abilities within
the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the
conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel
uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have
difficulty communicating with.
My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose
their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their
spoken English together.
Thank you for considering my suggestion.Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本篇是应用文写作,要求考生给外教写一封邮件,告诉他将学生随机分为两
人一组,让大家课后练习口语,你认为这样分组存在问题。
【解析】1. 词汇积累
首先:to begin with → first of all
提高:improve → progress
建议:suggestion → advice
选择:choose → select
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students
choose their own partners.
拓展句:My suggestion is that we are supposed to group students based on their language
abilities or to let students choose their own partners.
【创新表达】[高分句型1]
This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation,
leaving little room for the other students to improve.(运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]
Besides, Students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they
don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.(运用了省略句和who引导定语从
句)
2.One possible version:
Dear Caroline,
Glad to receive your letter. With regard to the matter you mentioned, I’m writing to offer
some suggestions.
I propose a brief introduction to the Chinese writing system be a good choice. To start
with,China is widely known for its incredible civilization. Written Chinese becomes an important
means by which China’s present is connected with its past. Moreover, Chinese writing is a
significant part of the culture, known as Chinese calligraphy.Today, many people enjoy practicingthis classic art,making it popular both at home and abroad.
Hope my suggestions can help. If you have any question, please feel free to tell me.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Dear Caroline.
Glad to receive your letter. With regard to the matter you mentioned, I’m writing to offer
some suggestions.
I propose Chinese traditional festivals. To start with, China is widely known for its rich
history. Over 5000 years’ history has witnessed the creation of many Chinese traditional festivals.
You can talk about the Chinese new year, the Mid-autumn festivals, or the Dragon boat festival,
each of which has incredible stories behind. Moreover, celebrations of traditional festivals can
reflect people’s lifestyles. You can even compare festivals and their celebrations with the similar
ones in your country.
Hope my suggestions can help. If you have any question, please feel free to tell me.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Caroline写封回信,向她推
荐一个主题以帮助她参加其学校举办的文化节活动并介绍中国文化。
【解析】1.词汇积累
关于:with regard to→ in reference to/concerning/as to
首先:to start with→ first of all/firstly
此外:moreover→ what’s more/besides
重要的:significant → important
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Today, many people enjoy practicing this classic art, making it popular both at home and
abroad.
拓展句:Today, many people enjoy practicing this classic art, which makes it popular both at
home and abroad.
【创新表达】【高分句型1】Written Chinese becomes an important means by which China’s
present is connected with its past.(运用了which引导的定语从句)【高分句型2】If you have any question, please feel free to tell me.(运用了if引导的状语从
句)
3.Dear Peter.
In order to let us students learn something about Chinese traditional agriculture and enhance
the awareness of environmental protection, our school is going to hold a summer camp on our
school’s ecological farm this sunday. Therefore, I am writing to sincerely invite you to the camp
with me.
We will gather at the school gate at 8:00 a.m. and go there on foot. When we arrive there, we
will meet the farmers who will introduce Chinese traditional planting. Then we will be given a
small piece of land to experience Chinese traditional planting and management. Finally, we will
enjoy the pleasure of picking our favorite fruit and vegetables. Do remember to wear comfortable
clothes and shoes. And you’d better wear a hat in case you get burnt. Besides, wherever you go
and whatever you do, keep safety in your mind.
If you are free and want to go, please let me know as soon as possible.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华,你们学校有一个生态农场,种植
各种蔬菜和果树。为弘扬中国传统农业和提升环保意识,你校打算本周日在该农场举办夏
令营活动。请你写信邀请你的美国朋友Peter一同参加这个活动。内容包括:活动举办的时
间和地点;活动安排;注意事项。
【解析】1.词汇积累
真诚地:sincerely→genuinely
集合:gather→assemble
此外:Besides→In addition
有空的:free→convenient
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:Do remember to wear comfortable clothes and shoes.
拓展句:Do remember to wear comfortable clothes and shoes, which is very important.
【创新表达】[高分句型1] When we arrive there, we will meet the farmers who will introduce
Chinese traditional planting.(运用了when引导的状语从句和who引导的限制性定语从句)[高分句型2] Besides, wherever you go and whatever you do, keep safety in your mind.(运用了
whereverhe和whatever引导的让步状语从句)
4.Dear Peter,
How are you? I am writing to tell you that we will hold an English talent show to enrich our
school life. On behalf of our English Club, I sincerely invite you to attend the activity.
The talent show will be held in the lecture hall this Sunday. As scheduled, colorful activities
will be available ranging from an oral English speech to English song performances. What’s more,
several English plays will also be on show. I am sure the talent show will be more wonderful if
you can join us with your performance.
We are expecting your presence and participation.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本文是应用文。要求考生邀请外教老师Peter参加学校英语社团将举办的英语
才艺展示活动。
【解析】1.词汇积累
举办:hold→throw
代表:on behalf of→represent
诚挚地:sincerely→earnestly
参加:attend→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:On behalf of our English Club, I sincerely invite you to attend the activity.
拓展句:In order that you can attend the activity, I, on behalf of our English Club, sincerely
invite you here.
【创新表达】【高分句型1】I am writing to tell you that we will hold an English talent show to
enrich our school life.(由that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】I am sure the talent show will be more wonderful if you can join us with your
performance.(由省略连词that引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句)
5.Dear David,
How are you doing? I have received your email. Now let me tell you about the trip to the
beautiful village in the suburb of our city last Saturday.At 7:00 in the morning, all the students and teachers of our class set off from our school and
after half an hour’s ride, we got to our destination. Rows of new houses greeted us as we
approached the village. Then we saw the village with trees and grass here and there and clear
rivers flowing around it. We visited the vegetable greenhouses, where the farmers told us they had
become rich by selling vegetables and watermelons. At last we chatted with other farmers to know
about their present life.
The beauty of the village made a deep impression on me. It is amazing that such great
changes have taken place in the countryside.
Yours,
Li Hua
【写作指导】本篇书面表达属于应用文,要求考生给美国网友David回一封电子邮件,介
绍班级上周六到郊区美丽村庄的旅游活动。
【解析】1.词汇积累
出发:set off→depart
接近:approach→come near
留下深刻印象:make a deep impression on→leave a deep impression on
了不起的:amazing→marvelous
2.句式拓展
简单句变强调句
原句:At 7:00 in the morning, all the students and teachers of our class set off from our school
and after half an hour’s ride, we got to our destination.
拓展句:It was at 7:00 in the morning that all the students and teachers of our class set off from
our school and after half an hour’s ride, we got to our destination.
【创新表达】[高分句型1] We visited the vegetable greenhouses, where the farmers told us they
had become rich by selling vegetables and watermelons. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从
句)
[高分句型2] It is amazing that such great changes have taken place in the countryside. (运用了it
作形式主语和that引导的主语从句)