文档内容
非谓语动词
考点1 非谓语动词的时态和语态
【考题再现】
①(2024·新乡模拟) Since the volunteers were cut off from the outside world, they had to rely on their body clock
to know when to wake (wake) up, go to sleep and eat.
②(2024·郑州模拟) “The combined (combine) length of the electric cables on the ship is more than 4, 200
kilometers, ” Chen said, noting (note) that his shipyard has used a lot of advanced techniques and machinery to
build the ship.
③(2024·洛阳模拟) Because of the fact that the artifacts were very small in size, traditionally considered too small
to study (study), little was known about the stone technology and tool making skills of these ancestors.
【要点总结】 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(动词-ing形
式和-ed形式),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓
语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。
非谓语动词的时态和语态一览表
语态形式
类别 时态形式
主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
动词不定
进行式 to be doing —
式
完成式 to have done to have been done
一般式 doing being done
动词-ing
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done —
1.主、被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,
用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时, 用被动形式。
I got a letter saying that I was admitted to a key university.
The bridge to be built will be the longest one on this river.
2.时间先后关系
根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系确定时态:
(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生, 用非谓语动词的一般式;
(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前, 用非谓语动词的完成式。
Hearing the inspiring news, they all jumped with joy.
I seem to have involved myself in something I don’t understand.考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语
【考题再现】
①(2024·北京海淀模拟) It is believed that receiving (receive) Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is
effective for coughs, asthma, and arthritis.
②(2024·汕头模拟) Secondly, being(be) in China during the Spring Festival is an absolutely amazing event.
③(2024·郑州模拟) China’s first large home-made cruise ship(游轮), roughly the height of a 25-story building, is
scheduled (schedule) to be delivered to its user around the end of this year.
【要点总结】1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和不定式。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未
做的动作。
Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.
To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
(2)it作形式主语, 代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有: It is/was no use/good+doing
sth.; It is/was not any use/good+doing sth.; It is/was of little use/good+doing sth.; It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s
a waste of time doing sth.;It is/was+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.等。
It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him.
It is no good trying that method, because it won’t work.
It is important for us to meet personally although we have been in touch in various ways.
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式。注意动词-ing形式作表语时意为“令
人感到……的”, 而动词-ed形式作表语时意为“感到……的”。
The aim of the festival is to increase awareness of Chinese culture and traditions.
At first she was terrified,and then she pulled herself together.
The radiation of nuclear bombing is terrifying.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
【考题再现】
①(2024·沧州模拟) This could prevent the fries from getting (get) wet and rotting away during the 5-8 weeks’
journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
②(2024·开封模拟) List all of the tasks that you need to accomplish (accomplish).
③(2024·秦皇岛模拟) A 10-year-old boy, Vidyun R Hebbar, has won a prestigious (有声望的) international
wildlife photography competition for his shot of a spider’s making (make) its web in the light of a passing tuk
tuk.
【要点总结】1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语: suggest, imagine, mind, admit, practice, risk, keep,keep on, avoid, escape, enjoy, consider, excuse, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to,
object to等。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose,
wish, hope, want, expect, fail, pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, happen等。
3.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语: remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, mean, start,
begin, try等。如:
{¿ do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)¿forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过¿或已发生)¿
{¿ do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)¿remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)¿
{¿ do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾¿(常跟say, tell,inform等)¿regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔¿
{¿ do sth. 努力做某事¿try doing sth. 尝试做某事¿
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语补足语
【考题再现】
①(2024·开封模拟) FRBs mostly only appear once, which makes them very hard to track (track).
②(2024·秦皇岛模拟) A passing tuk tuk provided the colorful backdrop to set off the spider’s web, a network of
tangled threads that formed a dome and made it difficult for prey (猎物) to escape(escape).
③(2024·平顶山模拟) Saihanba’s success has allowed this “miracle on earth” to be copied (copy) across the
country.
【要点总结】
1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)后面的宾
语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动
或正在进行,done表被动或完成。
I heard her singing an English song when I passed by.
I didn’t notice him get on the same bus.
2.动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。
The teacher had us make up conversations during classes.
The teacher got the students to look up all the words they didn’t know.
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb.to do sth.等。
The police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead.
4.with/without复合结构常用形式:{sb./sth.doing(表主动且进行,或表特征)
with/without sth.done(表被动且完成,或表状态) do(表示将来)¿
¿
With all the work finished, they went out to play.
With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy.
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.
考点5 非谓语动词作定语
【考题再现】
①(2024·保定模拟) A recent study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, shows that
people choose to humblebrag as an attempt to impress (impress) others.
②“Dragon Boat Racing” is also a classical dance drama based (base) on several Guangdong musicians.
③(2024·焦作模拟) The Great Wall is a place steeped in history and has much to offer (offer) you.
【要点总结】
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后, 与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关
系。
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.(主谓关系)
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.(动宾关系)
【重点提示】动词不定式既可用主动形式也可用被动形式,但其含义有所不同。试比较:
Do you have anything to buy?(动作的执行者是“你”)
Do you have anything to be bought?(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)
(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、 the only等修饰,且非谓语动词与其逻辑主语为主谓
关系时,常用动词不定式作定语。
The best place to catch fish on a canal is close to the lock.
(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时,常用不定式作后置定语,且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词
有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity等。
We should develop the students’ ability to solve problems.
【重点提示】在作定语的动词不定式中,如果其中的动词是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但
是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way等,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。
Would you please give me some paper to write on?
The shopping mall is a good place to go.
2.动词-ing形式作定语
当动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时, 用动词-ing形式。The child standing over there is my brother.
【重点提示】当被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时, 用动词-ing形式的被动语态作
定语, 表示该动作的被动和进行。
The house being built over there will be our new library.
3.动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
The book written by him is very popular.
【重点提示】作定语的非谓语动词的分词形式为doing和done。doing表示正在进行; done表示已经完成。
boiling water正在沸腾的水
boiled water开水
考点6 非谓语动词作状语
【考题再现】
①(2024·广东模拟) Integrating (integrate) boxing with dance, the musical drama “Mission Must Be Reached”
mixes Lingnan-style music with rock & roll, pop music and rap.
②(2024·北京丰台模拟) As it swims, its muscles move, resulting (result) in reflections of many colors.
③(2024·郑州模拟) We plan to move it out of the dry dock in June to continue (continue) the fitting process.
【要点总结】1.动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等
(1)作目的状语, 有时用in order to或so as to,但so as to不用于句首。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens start to use smart phones.
In order to catch the train, she hurried through her work.
(2)作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语,常用结构enough to, so/such...as to, too...to..., only to等。
You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself.
He was so foolish as to leave his car unlocked.
(3)作原因状语, 此时常与表示情感的形容词连用, 如glad, happy, frightened, surprised等。
He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.
【重点提示】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词(easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit,
comfortable等)后面作状语,构成“主语+be动词+形容词+不定式”结构,不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
The materials are soft and comfortable to wear.
2.动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语, 常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
We hear of women who run away, leaving behind their homes and families.
(2020·天津高考) The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet clapping for 10 minutes at theend of the show.
【重点提示】动词不定式作结果状语时, 常表示意想不到的结果;而动词-ing形式作结果状语时, 常表示自
然而然的结果。
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
3.动词-ed形式作状语
(1)动词-ed形式作状语, 分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2020·江苏高考) Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these
products.
(2)某些动词-ed形式已经形容词化, 且往往用于一些系表结构中, 此时这些动词-ed形式既不表示被动, 也
不表示完成, 而表示一种状态, 如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),
dressed in(穿着……的), tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
He hid his face in his hands again, lost in his own thoughts.
He was a big man in his forties, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.
【重点提示】
有部分分词或不定式短语作状语,其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响,这种结构称为独立成分。常用的有
considering... (鉴于,考虑到); generally speaking(总的来说); judging by/from...(从……来看,依据……来判
断);supposing that... (假定……); providing that... (假定……);given that...(鉴于,由于……)。
4.独立主格结构
(1)独立主格结构的特点:
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在;
②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑
上的主谓或动宾关系;
③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的构成:
名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
Every morning the old man walks in the park, his pet dog following him along(=and his pet dog follows him
along).
She stood there, her eyes looking upward into the sky and her hands crossed on her breast.
【重点提示】语法填空题非谓语动词考法
1.三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且表示正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表示完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);
(3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等,
要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
2.掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(for/of sb.+) to do sth.; It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth.; find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+to
do sth.。
3.牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4.巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓
语动词要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式形式;
(3)动词-ed形式作表语, 主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态, 含有被动的意思; 而动词-ing形式作表语,
多表示主语具有的特征, 含有主动的意思。
运用非谓语动词对简单句和复杂句进行恰当转换,不仅显得句式多样,句子活泼,而且可使表达更简洁、
更高级。非谓语动词在写作中的形式主要有 doing、done、having done和with的复合结构,其作状语时,主
要表示原因、结果或伴随状态。如2023年浙江高考1月读后续写:
I turned around to see the same hummingbird.
我转过身来看到了同一只蜂鸟。
→I turned around to see the same hummingbird hovering in the air.
我转过身来,看到同一只蜂鸟在空中盘旋。
考点精练
完成句子
1. confidence and equipment, they failed to rescue the 42 miners trapped in the coal mine.
2. There’s no meat in the house, so we’ll just have to with potatoes. (用make的相关短语完成句
子)
3. He feels so happy that he followed his heart when choosing his life, even though it may not be
what others expected of him.
4. Marriages money rather than love are bound to end in divorce sooner or later.
5. Both sides were urged to their arms. （用lay的相关短语填空）
6. Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness a greater meaning and a troubleshared becomes a trouble !
7. For example, America’s most popular Chinese dish is General Tso’s chicken, which consists of fried chicken
covered in a sweet sauce, hot red peppers.
8. Not only am I interested in photography, but I take an online course to my skills.
9. If you are a student, do devote yourself to your teachers’ instruction until you fully understand it.
10. During the pandemic in winter, I stayed at home the scarf for my son David.
11. My aim is to every subject this term.
12. Jeanne liked Simon as a friend but she did not want the relationship .
13. I’m old enough to my own affairs without my parents’ intervention.
14. The only thing I could do was （go）there alone. （所给词的适当形式填空）
15. The house my grandfather has been ruined in the earthquake.
16. Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help by working on a light
, but she fell off the ladder. Even though Tony had been in the next room, he managed to catch her in time.
17. To fully realize your potential, it is important for you to our
school resources.
18. We ate great meals experts!
19. Not wanting to , Mrs. Richards quickly hid in the small storeroom under the stairs. She heard the
front door open and .
20. With the celebrations of these festivals, younger generations learn to
.
21. Actually, I do know I need sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting.
22. Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land
.
23. Friends should focus more on face-to-face communication. This is the best way to healthy
friendships.
24. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps its body and return the
nutrients to the earth.
25. It seemed that the water was to .
26. Mei Lanfang is still known today as one of the masters of Beijing Opera. He in bringing Beijing
Opera to the world, that it has today.
28. Sometimes I set deadlines for myself: I will start doing my homework at 8 pm, and
in two hours.29. I’m a bit worried about and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the
homework.
30. But, to be frank, the fireworks were really annoying.
31. She feared she wouldn’t be able to two new babies.
32. Rather than I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a
burger now and then, but would add a salad or an apple.
33. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and
China and the rest of the world.
34. Taking part in sports events is fun but not always easy, so it helps children learn
, something that everyone must learn to face in life.
35. remains a strong desire today.
36. They enjoy through the countryside.
38. The government made an attempt to the building to its original state,but failed.
39. Not only had the countries found a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past, but they had
also learnt that it was possible for countries to work together to .
40. China became the third country in the world to in 2003.
41. All in all, studying abroad helps to build character and while strengthening China and .
42. —Why didn’t you come to join her party?
—Sorry, I was going to , but I had an unexpected visitor.
43. But how do our phones know where in the world we are and in which direction we are going? It is all thanks
to the satellites in space that help our phones our position. where you are around the
world, your phone may be receiving data from different systems.
44. on the floor, a young man in Teheran saved up for years to buy a real bed.
45. Jan has started taking online classes to …. She believes that it is highly important to and make
sure that everyone has access to the Internet…
46. The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica…We saw
the ship the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
47. When I came to myself, I found myself at hospital and ________ a group of people.
48. Soon afterwards，the balloon began to and it landed near an airfield.
49. However, the attacks on them will continue . To achieve…
50. She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day, and that he felt more than just the
. Then the front door bell rang.51. At work, it is IQ that gets you hired but it is EQ that .
52. New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated
less on religious themes. They began to to life.
53. I felt strong and superior, and I wanted to these feelings to the other kids and the teachers.
54. We all felt very good because we did not have to go downtown and money out of Mama's Bank
Account.
55. Jordan says that the secret to his success is . “...; every one fails at something.
But I can’t accept not trying.” Losing games taught him to practise harder and .
56. We all share a joint responsibility to protect and them, not just for ourselves, but for future
generations.
57. I had little trouble the new life at senior high as there are many classmates that I have
been familiar with.
59. Suddenly she seemed and clasped her hands.
60. China is a developing country the Third World.
61. This would mean we have to . For example, we need to take steps , Including setting up
special areas where plants and animals can be protected.
62. Old Walter is busy his memories of village life. （用down相关短语适当形式填空）
63. It is our responsibility to to educate everyone about global warming, along with its
causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
64. You have every right by your friend if she told your secret to others and then pretended that she
was innocent, but perhaps she didn’t do it.
65. To his disappointment, he failed his parents’ expectations.
66. For another thing, due to the Amazon’s hot climate, it is difficult for the soil to
enough nutrients.
67. A choking person cannot speak. will often force out the obstruction.
68. The capital city London is a great place to star, as it is an ancient port city that has a history all the
way Roman times.
69. At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to . Jan’s life
has been greatly improved by the Internet. “When you , you meet others who are facing similar
challenges, ” Jan says.
70. Traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help our national identity.
71. He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.72. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds
and may cause infection.
73. Others wanted paintings from mythology.
另一些人则希望绘画能展示重要的历史事件或神话故事。
74. so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to promote even wider interest
around the world in China’s ancient history , culture, and traditions.
75. If you see someone choking, first . Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking
person cannot speak. will often force out the obstruction.
76. I have learned that English volunteer guides for the Forbidden City are wanted in the summer vacation.
.(apply)
77. They (the group) also hope to further educate people about the importance of for future
generations to understand and appreciate.
78. Let a little song the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a
world of dreams and magic.
79. , branches of Rapa River flow through the valley below.
80. Oliver: How is that possible?
Henry: Well, I had my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself
by a strong wind. The next morning I a ship.
81. Peru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land
, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest.
82. To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans. . . . but sea exploration is important for our
future. For example, scientific research ships can help such as climate change.
83. Jordan says that the secret to his success is .
84. He started to about the wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.
85. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep
the heat in the wounds and may cause infection…If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,
there to take him/her to the hospital at once.
86. The first step is some of its significant qualities.
87. By sharing so many digital photos over the Internet, the group hopes to around the world in China's
history, culture and traditions. They also hope people about the importance of and cultural
relics for future generations to understand. （课本原文填空）
88. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busywhere the tooth had been.
89. Please my notebook which was taken by mistake. (用give的相关短语填空)
90. I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match
.
91. 你能告诉我我们在什么地方开会吗？
① Can you tell me ?(where引导的宾语从句)
②Can you tell me ?(“疑问词+ to do”结构)
92. who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the
shop window to get the dress.
93. The doctor advised him to drinking. （用give相关短语的适当形式填空）
94. The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river
the landscape, and farmers hard at work.
95. from the top of Mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.
96. I wake up to the sound of the wind the cloth of my tent.
97. Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei in the UK. What seemed strange before now
appears quite normal to her. “ has helped,” she said.
98. They opened a single store in Europe to the market.
99. Have you ever taken a risk to ? Even teenagers who are not usually
may suddenly do something dangerous because they want to show off or fit in. Boys are more likely not to wear
seat belts, more likely to or a fight, and more likely to smoke and drink.
100. To school life and for his students, Zhang Tian introduced more subjects
to the school — music, art and PE.
参考答案
1. Lacking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏信心和设备，他们未能营救出困在煤矿里的42名工人。lack
是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，they与lack之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作原因状语。同时该空置
于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Lacking。
2. make do
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：家里没肉，所以我们只得凑合着吃土豆了。根据句意及所给句子可知，
此处是动词短语make do“将就着使用，凑合着用”，固定搭配have to do sth.“不得不做某事”。故填make
do。3. what to do with
【解析】考查特殊疑问词加不定式。句意：他感到非常开心，遵从了自己内心的选择去决定度过怎样的
一生，即使这可能并不符合其他人对他的期望。根据句意可知，此处表示“生活的方式；怎么过活”，
可使用what to do，“应付，处理,应对”为deal with，故填what to do with。
4. based on
【解析】考查固定短语和过去分词。句意：基于金钱而不是爱情的婚姻迟早会以离婚告终。设空处为非
谓语动词作定语修饰名词，根据句意可知是base on，和名词之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填based
on。
5. lay down
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：双方都被敦促放下武器。根据句意可知，此处意为“放下武器”，可翻
译为lay down，urge sb. to do“催促某人做某事”，此处是被动语态sb. be urged to do，所以由前面的不定
式可知，此处用动词原形。故填lay down。
6. takes on halved
【解析】考查动词短语及过去分词。句意：当然，这种友谊有双重优势——幸福显示出更大的意义，而
麻烦在分担后减半。分析句子并结合句意，句子为一般现在时，表达“显示出”应使用动词短语take
on，由于先行词happiness为第三人称单数形式，其后谓语动词用takes；表达“减半”应使用动词
halve，由于空3应使用非谓语动词，而halve与所修饰词trouble之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词作后置
定语。故空1填takes，空2填on，空3填halved。
7. flavored/flavoured with
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，美国最受欢迎的中国菜是左宗棠鸡，这道菜是用炸鸡蘸上甜酱，
用红辣椒调味。分析句子，句中consists为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。根据句意，表示“用……
调味”用flavour/flavor...with...； 此处which指代前文的General Tso’s chicken，其与flavour/flavor之间是
被动关系，故使用过去分词形式。故填flavoured/flavored with。
8. update
【解析】考查动词。句意：我不仅对摄影感兴趣，而且还参加了一个在线课程来提高我的技能。根据句
意和空格前的不定式符号to分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形，且意义为“更新”，所以应
该用动词update。故填update。
9. digesting
【解析】考查动词。句意：如果你是一个学生，一定要致力于消化老师的教导，直到你完全理解它。根
据句意可知应填动词digest，作介词的宾语应用动名词形式。故填digesting。
10. making【解析】考查动词。句意：在冬日流行病流行期间，我呆在家里为儿子大卫做围巾。根据句意及所给句
子可知，设空处是“做围巾”，应用动词make；本句已有动词stay，make应用非谓语动词，主语与make
之间是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填making。
11. do well in
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我的目标是这个学期每个学科都学好。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处
使用动词短语do well in“干得好”、“学得好”。根据前文不定式可知，空处动词要用原形。故填①do；
②well；③in。
12. to deepen
【解析】考查动词。句意：作为朋友珍妮很喜欢西蒙，但她不想让这种关系加深。根据句意可知应填动
词deepen，上文为短语want...to do sth.。故填to deepen。
13. handle
【解析】考查动词。句意：我已经长大了，可以自己处理自己的事情了，不需要父母的干涉。根据句意
以及“I’m old enough”可知，此处指的是“我足够大了”，不定式为结果状语，所以此处指的是没有父母
的干预可以“处理”自己的事情，表示“处理”应为handle，位于不定式符号to之后，所以此处使用动
词原形。故填handle。
14. go /to go
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我所能做的唯一的事情就是独自去那儿。分析句子可知空处缺表语。
并且括号内为动词。动词不能做表语。所以要用非谓语动词。又因为表示的是将要去做的事情，故用动
词不定式to go作表语。又因为在“主系表”结构中，不定式作表语时，如主语中含有动词do的任何形式
（如do, does, did等），且句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去式，作表语的不定式就可以省略to。此句
中，主语含有实意动词do，所以was后面可以省略to。故填（to）go。
15. belonging to
【解析】句意：属于我祖父的房子在地震中被毁了。分析句子结构可知，该句主干为“The house has been
ruined in the earthquake”，“belonging to my grandfather”是定语，修饰the house。注意：belong to这个短
语一般不用于被动语态。故填belonging to。
16. suspended from the ceiling
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：托尼不断地进行改进。克莱尔试图通过对天花板上吊着的一盏灯来帮忙，
但她从梯子上掉了下来。尽管托尼在隔壁房间，还是及时抓住了她。逻辑主语a light和动词短语suspend
from the ceiling (悬挂在天花板上)是被动关系，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰a light。故填
①suspended ②from ③the ④ceiling。
17. make the most of【解析】考查不定式和短语。句意：为了充分发挥你的潜力，你充分利用学校的资源是重要的。根据上
文“To fully realize your potential”可知，为了发挥自己的潜力，要充分利用学校资源。所以需要填入短语
make the most of(充分利用)满足句意，再结合空格前的不定式符号to可知，此处填入动词原形来构成不定
式复合结构作句子的主语。故填①make②the③most④of。
18. cooked by
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们吃了专家做的大餐！句中ate为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语
动词。meals和cook（烹饪）之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语。根据课文内容，此处表示“被烹
饪”。故填cooked by。
19. frighten the poor man a man came in
【解析】考查动词短语，时态。句意：理查兹夫人不想吓着这个可怜的人，赶紧躲进楼梯下的小储藏室
里。她听到前门开了，一个男人走了进来。根据句意，第一空考查want to do， 设空处应用动词原形，
可填frighten the poor man，意为“吓唬这个可怜的人”；第二空在并列连词and之后，前一句为一般过去
时，故设空处也用一般过去时，此处填a man came in，意为“一个男子进来了”。故填：①frighten the
poor man；②a man came in。
20. honour/honor fine Chinese values
【解析】考查不定式和名词。句意：通过庆祝这些节日，年轻一代学会尊重优良的中国价值观。由“the
celebrations of these festivals, younger generations learn to”可知，句子表示“通过庆祝这些节日，年轻一代
学会尊重优秀的中国价值观”，空格处意为“尊重优良的中国价值观”，“尊重”是honour/honor，“优
良的”是fine，“中国价值观”是Chinese values，learn to do是固定短语，意为“学习做某事”，因此空
格处动词用原形，故填honour/honor，fine，Chinese，values。
21. to drag myself away from the online world
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：事实上，我确实知道有时我需要把自己从网络世界中拉出来，特别是因
为现实生活也同样有趣。“从……拉出”可表达为drag away，“网络世界”可表达为online world，故
“把自己从网络世界中拉出来”表达为drag myself away from the online world，且上文为短语need to do
sth.。故填to drag myself away from the online world。
22. running along the coast
【解析】考查非谓语动词短语。句意：秘鲁是位于南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，由三个主要区域构成：
狭窄的、干燥的、平坦的沿海陆地。由“on the Pacific coast ”可知，秘鲁属于沿海国家，所以其陆地应为
沿海陆地，“沿海”可译为：run along the coast；分析句子可知，设空处应为非谓语动词作后置定语，修
饰“land”，并与其形成主动关系，应用现在分词。故答案为：running along the coast。
23. maintain【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：朋友之间应该多面对面交流。这是保持健康友谊的最好方法。根据句
意“维持，保持”可知，此处为动词maintain，需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式，修饰名词way。故填
maintain。
24. break down
【解析】考查短语。句意：当一只美洲虎死亡时，一小群微生物帮助分解它的身体，将营养物质归还给
土壤。break down分解，动词help后接省to的不定式。故填break down。
25. blame
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：水似乎应该受责备。根据句意，本题考查固定结构be to blame，表示
“应受责备”，符合题意。故填blame。
26. played a key role in leading to the international status and recognition
【解析】考查固定短语，时态，非谓语动词和名词。句意：梅兰芳至今仍被称为京剧大师之一。他在将
京剧推向世界的过程中发挥了关键作用，导致了它今天的国际地位和认可度。由Mei Lanfang可知，句子
表示“他在将京剧推向世界的过程中发挥了关键作用，导致了它今天的国际地位和认可”，第一空意为
“在……中发挥了关键作用”，第二空意为“导致了国际地位和认可”，“在……中发挥了关键作用”
是固定短语play a key role in，描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此play用过去式；“导致”是
lead to，“国际地位和认可”是the international status and recognition，句子谓语是played，第二空动词用
非谓语形式，表结果，因此用现在分词表结果，故填played a key role in，leading to the international status
and recognition。
28. aim to finish
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：有时我会给自己设定最后期限：我会在晚上8点开始做作业，目标是在
两小时内完成。固定搭配aim to do sth.表示“目标做某事”，动词finish意为“完成”，其中动词aim 后
搭配动词不定式 to finish作宾语，且will 后用动词原形，故填aim to finish。
29. keeping up with the other students in my advanced course
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我有点担心在高级课程上跟不上其他同学，而且很难适应这么多的作业。
结合句意可知，此处指“我有点担心在高级课程上跟不上其他同学”，keep up with跟上，“其他同学”
特指一定范围内除自己以外其他全部的学生，用“the+other+名词复数”，“在高级课程上”使用介词短
语in my advanced course，空处作介词about的宾语，用动名词形式，故填keeping up with the other
students in my advanced course。
30. going off throughout the night
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：但是，坦白说，整晚燃放的烟花真的有些令人烦躁。结合句意可知，此
处指“整晚燃放的烟花”，“燃放”使用动词短语go off，和名词fireworks之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，“整晚”使用固定短语throughout the night，故填going off throughout the night。
31. cope with
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：她担心自己无法应付两个刚出生的宝宝。根据“She feared she wouldn’t be
able to”可知，她担心无法应付两个刚出生的宝宝。cope with“处理，应付”，符合语境。be able to do
sth.“能够做某事”。故填cope with。
32. cutting out the foods
【解析】考查短语。句意：我没有减少我喜欢的食物，而是在我的膳食中加入了健康食品。我仍然可以
偶尔吃一个汉堡，但会加一份沙拉或一个苹果。cut out切断； 删除。rather than而不是，介词短语，后
接动名词形式。根据句意，故填cutting out the foods。
33. strengthen the bonds between
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一方案的目的是鼓励历史悠久的丝绸之路地区之间的合作与贸易，
并加强中国与世界其他国家之间的联系。根据句意，空处应填“加强和……之间的联系”，即strengthen
the bonds between，空处与to encourage并列作句子表语，此处省略to，使用动词原形形式，between ...and
...表示“在……和……之间”。故填strengthen the bonds between。
34. how to deal with stress
【解析】考查固定短语，特殊疑问词和不定式。句意：参加体育活动很有趣，但并不总是容易的，所以
它帮助孩子们学会如何处理压力，这是每个人在生活中都必须学会面对的事情。由“Taking part in sports
events is fun but not always easy”和常识可知，空格处意为“如何处理压力”，“如何做某事”是how to
do，“特殊疑问词+to do”作宾语，“处理”是deal with，“压力”是stress，是不可数名词。故填how to
deal with stress。
35. To reach out across the sea
【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意：今天，跨越海洋仍然是一种强烈的愿望。根据句意，空处
应填“跨越海洋”，使用短语reach out across the sea，其中across the sea为介词短语作状语，修饰reach
out，分析句子结构，空处作句子主语，且表示将来的动作，应用不定式形式作主语。故填To reach out
across the sea。
36. wandering
【解析】考查动词和固定短语。句意：他们喜欢在乡间漫步。根据句意可知，空格处涉及单词
“wander”，意为“漫步，闲逛”，动词词性，“enjoy doing sth.”意为“喜欢做某事”，故空格处应用
“wander”的动名词“wandering”。故填wandering。
38. restore
【解析】考查动词。句意：政府试图将建筑恢复到原来的状态，但失败了。动词不定式后用动词原形，根据“the building to its original state”可知，是恢复，用restore。故填restore。
39. build a better tomorrow
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这些国家不仅找到了一条通向未来的道路，而且他们还认识到，各国
可以共同努力建设一个更美好的明天。根据句意可知空处填build a better tomorrow，to为动词不定式后接
动词原形，作目的状语。故填build a better tomorrow。
40. independently send humans into space
【解析】考查副词和非谓语动词。句意：2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。
根据句意，空处应填“独立将人类送入太空”，send humans into space表示“将人类送入太空”，
independently表示“独立地”，副词作状语修饰动词send，不定式符号to后接动词原形形式。故填
independently send humans into space。
41. increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity building a shared future for all
【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：总之，出国留学有助于塑造性格、增进人们对文化多样性
的理解；同时增强中国实力，构建人类命运共同体。根据第一个“and”可知，空①应为动词短语，与“to
build character”为并列关系，作宾语，所以应用省略to的动词不定式；根据句意，出国留学有助于增进人
们对文化多样性的理解，故应为increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity。根据第二个“and”可
知，空②应为动词短语，与“strengthening China”为并列关系，作状语，所以应用现在分词形式；根据句
意，这里指出国留学同时还可以构建人类命运共同体，故应为building a shared future for all。故①填
increase people’s understanding of cultural diversity；②填building a shared future for all。
42. have
【解析】考查省略。句意：——你为什么不来参加她的聚会? ——对不起，我本来要去参加她的聚会的，
但有个不速之客。 根据句意分析句子可知，此处是考查固定句型be going to have done（本打算做某事而
没做），完整的句子应该是Sorry, I was going to have come to join her party, but I had an unexpected visitor.
其中come to join her party部分与上文的内容重复，所以应该省略；不定式的省略，如果不定式中含有
be，have done时，要保留be或have。故填have。
43. locate
No matter
【解析】考查动词和状语从句。句意：但是我们的手机怎么知道我们在世界的哪个地方，我们要去哪个
方向呢？这都要感谢太空中的卫星帮助我们的手机定位我们的位置。无论你在世界的哪个地方，你的手
机都可能从不同的系统接收数据。根据句意“定位”可知，第一空需填动词locate，help sb. do sth.为固定
用法，空处需填动词原形；根据句意“无论什么地方”可知，第二空需填no matter，和where一起引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填①locate；②No matter。
44. Tired of sleeping
【解析】考查形容词短语和动名词。句意：厌倦了在地板上睡觉，德黑兰的一个年轻人攒了好几年的钱
去买了一张真正的床。根据下文“ saved up for years to buy a real bed”可推断，应是厌倦了在地板上睡觉，
tired of doing sth.“厌倦做某事”，形容词短语作伴随状语，sleep “睡觉”用动名词形式作宾语，故填Tired
of sleeping。
45. bridge the digital divide
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：简已经开始参加……的在线课程。她认为消除数字鸿沟并确保每个人都
能上网是非常重要的。根据句意“消除数字鸿沟”可知，此处使用动词短语bridge the digital divide，此处
为不定式作真正主语。故填bridge the digital divide。
46. get crushed by
【解析】考查非谓语动词和短语。句意：这段路程并不轻松。正当我们接近南极时，“坚忍”号被海土
的浮冰卡住了。……我们看到船被冰挤坏了。当船沉没时，我们的心也随之沉没。根据下文“the ship
sank”可知，船被冰挤坏了，结合句意，应填get crushed by“被压垮，被挤垮”，分析句子可知，用不定式
作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程，see后接不带to不定式作宾语补足语，故填get crushed by。
47. surrounded by
【解析】考查非谓语动词结构。句意：当我苏醒过来时，我发现我自己在医院里，周围围着一群人。此
处用过去分词表被动。故填surrounded by。
48. descend
【解析】考查动词。解题要点：根据所给出的句子，可推出是 “descend”下降，begin to do sth开始做某
事，故空格处填动词原型。结合句意：不久之后，气球开始下降并且在机场附近着陆。故答案为
descend。
49. as long as interest in buying elephant products exists
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：然而，只要人们对购买大象产品的兴趣存在，对大象的攻击就会继续下
去。结合句意引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”应用as long as；表示“购买大象产品的兴趣”应用
interest in buying elephant products；动词exist作谓语，as long as引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现。故填
as long as interest in buying elephant products exists。
50. desire to please her
【解析】考查非谓语动词、名词。句意：她听到他说第二天他不想离开她，他感到的不仅仅是取悦她的
渴望。然后前门的门铃响了。根据课文可知，句子想表达“她听到他说第二天他不想离开她，他感到的不仅仅是取悦她的渴望。然后前门的门铃响了。”。表示“渴望”用名词desire，作宾语，the desire to do
sth.“做某事的愿望”。表示“使满意，使愉快”用please，位于不定式符号to后用动词原形，to please作
desire的定语。表示“她”用her，作please的宾语。故填desire to please her。
51. gets you promoted
【解析】考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：在工作中，是智商让你受聘，但是情商让你升职。本句在陈述
事实，所以本句为一般现在时，且为强调句结构it be+强调部分+that。EQ为主语，gets为谓语，you为宾
语，you与promote在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作补足语。故填gets，you，promoted。
52. adopt a more humanistic attitude
【解析】考查动词、形容词比较级和名词。句意：新思想和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧思想和价值观。
因此，画家们对宗教主题的关注就减少了。他们开始对生活采取更加人道的态度。根据上文可知，此处
表示画家们开始对生活采取更加人道的态度，“采取”用动词adopt，“人道的”为形容词
humanistic，“更加人道的”为more humanistic，是比较级，作定语，修饰名词“态度”，“态度”译为
attitude，所以“采取更加人道的态度”翻译为adopt a more humanistic attitude，begin to do固定搭配，意
为“开始做”，所以动词adopt应用动词原形，故填adopt a more humanistic attitude。
53. show off
【解析】考查动词短语和动词不定式。句意：我觉得自己很强大，很有优越感，我想向其他孩子和老师
炫耀这种感觉。根据“I felt strong and superior”和“these feelings to the other kids and the teachers”可知，此
处是指想向其他孩子和老师炫耀这种感觉，所以应用动词短语show off表示“炫耀”。want to do意为
“想要做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用to do不定式作宾语。故填show off。
54. draw
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们都感觉很好，因为我们不用去市中心从妈妈的银行账户里取钱了。
根据句意，可知缺少“取钱”为动词短语draw money；设空处和and前的have并列，应用动词原形的形
式，故填draw。
55. learning from failures never give up
【解析】考查时态、动词短语和副词。句意：Jordan说他成功的秘诀就是从失败中学习。“……；每个人
都有失败的地方。但我不能接受不去尝试。”输掉比赛教会了他更加努力地练习，永不放弃。根据下文
“every one fails at something.”可知，此处指“从失败中学习”，learn from从……中学习，此处用动名词
作表语，failure失败，可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指；根据“Losing games taught him to practise
harder”可知，第二空表示“永不放弃”，never从不，副词，give up放弃，此处和动词practise并列，用
动词原形。故填①learning from failures②never give up。
56. preserve【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都有保护和保存它们的共同责任，这不仅是为了我们自己，也是
为了我们的后代。根据句意“保存”可知，此处为动词preserve，空处和空前的to构成动词不定式，需填
动词原形。故填preserve。
57. adapting to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我很难适应高中的新生活，因为有很多我熟悉的同学。根据前后文句意
可知，此处应表达“适应”，动词短语adapt to符合句意，have trouble (in) doing sth是固定句型。故空1
填adapting；空2填to。
59. to understand
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：突然，她似乎明白了，紧握着双手。根据“clasped her hands”可知，她似
乎明白了，并紧握双手。seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”，understand“理解，明白”。故填to understand。
60. belonging to
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是一个发展中国家属于第三世界。通过句意，空白处需要填“属
于”，又因为本句已经有了谓语动词，需要用非谓语形式，belong to 的逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。故
填belonging to。
61. significantly change the way we live to save endangered species
【解析】1.考查定语从句。句意：这将意味着我们不得不大大地改变我们生活的方式。结合上下文可知，
该空处句意为“大大地改变我们生活的方式”，副词significantly意为“大大地”；动词change意为“改
变”，“我们生活的方式”需要用到way作先行词的定语从句，故填significantly change the way we live。
2.考查固定短语。句意：比如，我们应该采取措施保护濒危物种。包括设立保护植物和动物的特殊保护区。
结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“保护濒危动物”，动词protect意为“保护”，名词短语endangered
species意为“濒危动物”，故填to save endangered species。
62. setting down
【解析】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：老沃尔特正忙着记下他对乡村生活的回忆。 根据句意和提
示可知，用set down“记下；写下”，be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填setting
down。
63. seize every opportunity
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我们有责任抓住每一个机会教育每个人关于全球变暖及其原因和影响，
因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重问题。开头It作形式主语，空上应该是动词短语使用不定式形式作
真正主语；根据后面原因状语可知，全球变暖对我们全人类生活影响严重，所以抓住每个机会教育人们
向他们普及相关知识应该是我们的责任，句意完整通顺；表示“抓住每个机会”可使用动词短语seize
every opportunity符合句意，前面已给出不定式符号to，动词使用原形。故填seize every opportunity。64. to feel betrayed
【解析】句意：如果你的朋友把你的秘密告诉了别人，然后假装自己是无辜的，你完全有权利感到被她
背叛了，但也许她没有这么做。此处是动词不定式一般式的被动式，故答案为to feel betrayed。
65. to live up to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：令他失望的是，他辜负了父母的期望。根据句意“不辜负”可知短语为
live up to，且上文为短语fail to do sth.。故填to live up to。
66. build up
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：另一方面，由于亚马逊炎热的气候，土壤很难积累足够的养分。根据其
后的名词“nutrients”可知，所设空处应填build up固定短语，意为“积聚、堆积”，其后接“enough
nutrients (足够的养分)”作宾语，动词不定式后用动词原形，故填build up。
67. Slapping the victim’s back
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人被噎时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。根
据上下文可知，此处表示“拍打噎食者的背部”，“拍打”为动词slap，“噎食者的背部”翻译为the
victim’s back，所以“拍打噎食者的背部”翻译为slap the victim’s back，在句中作主语，所以动词slap应
用动名词slapping，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Slapping the victim’s back。
68. dating back to
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：首都伦敦是一个明星的好地方，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史
可以一直追溯到罗马时代。结合句意表示“追溯到”应用现在分词短语dating back to，作状语。故填
①dating；②back；③to。
69. keep her company go through tough times
【解析】考查动词原形和时态。句意：50岁时，她发现自己失业了，只能呆在家里，只有电脑作伴。简
的生活因互联网而大大改善。简说：“当你经历艰难时期时，你会遇到其他面临类似挑战的人。”with
only her computer to 是with复合结构，根据句意“陪伴某人”可知短语为keep sb.
company，动词不定式作宾补，该空用动词原形形式，；第二空句意“经历艰难时期”可知短语为go
through tough times，为一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用原形。故填①keep her company；②go through
tough times。
70. reshape
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传统节日是民族自豪感的源泉，有助于重塑我们的民族认同。根据句
意“重塑”可知，此处为动词reshape，help do sth.为固定搭配，意为“帮助做某事”。故填reshape。
71. to have
【解析】考查动词不定式和动词。句意：他告诉我们是否去野餐还在讨论中。根据“a picnic was stillunder discussion”可知，此处是指是否去野餐，have a picnic意为“去野餐”。whether to do意为“是否做
某事”，此处应用to do不定式。故填to have。
72. Applying oil to the injured areas
【解析】考查非谓语动词、固定短语、形容词、名词。句意：用一块松散干净的布覆盖住烧伤区域。给
伤口抹油是一个坏主意，因为油会保持伤口的热度，并可能引发感染。分析句子成分可知，is为谓语动词，
故空处需要用动名词做主语；表示“将……涂抹在”为固定短语apply...to，位于句首需要大写字母
“A”；表示“受伤的”为形容词injured；表示“区域”为area，为可数名词，结合句意可知需要用复数
形式。故填Applying oil to the injured areas。
73. showing important historical events or stories
【解析】考查非谓语动词和名词短语。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰
空前名词paintings，paintings和动词show“展示”为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，表示“重要的历史
事件或神话故事”应为名词短语important historical events or stories。故填showing important historical
events or stories。
74. By sharing
【解析】考查介词和动名词。句意：通过在互联网上分享如此多的数码照片，该组织希望促进世界各地
对中国古代历史、文化和传统的更广泛兴趣。根据句意可知，空处填by sharing。by后接动名词作宾语，
置于句首，首字母大写。故填By sharing。
75. call the emergency services Slapping the victim’s back
【解析】考查动词、名词和非谓语动词。句意：如果你看到有人窒息，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定
受害者真的窒息了：窒息的人不能说话。拍打受害者的背部通常会将阻塞物挤出。根据“If you see
someone choking”和“first”以及生活常识可知，看到有人窒息应首先“拨打急救电话”，可用动词call表
示“打电话”，用名词短语the emergency services表示“急救服务”，且此处是祈使句，call应用原形。
根据“will often force out the obstruction”和生活常识可知，通常会将阻塞物挤出的方法是“拍打受害者的
背部”，可用动词slap表示“拍打”，用名词短语the victim’s back表示“受害者的背部”，因第二空作
句子的主语，是非谓语动词，此处介绍的是一件已知的经验，slap应用动名词形式，且首字母需大写。故
填①call the emergency services；②Slapping the victim’s back。
76. I am writing to apply for this position
【解析】考查时态和短语。句意：我了解到暑假期间招募紫禁城的英语志愿者导游。我写信去申请这个
职位。根据上文意思和语境，可知设空处为我写信申请这个职位，我是主语用I，写为谓语用write，描述
当前我正在做的事情，用现在进行时，申请这个职位用apply for this position，作目的状语，故填I am
writing to apply for this position。77. safeguarding historic and cultural relics
【解析】考查动名词，形容词和名词。句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，
让子孙后代了解和欣赏。由“further educate people about the importance of”和课文内容可知，句子表示
“他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史文化遗产的重要性，让子孙后代了解和欣赏”，空格处意为“保
护历史文化遗产”，“保护”是safeguard，在介词of后，用动名词作宾语，“历史文化遗产”是historic
and cultural relics，因此空格处填safeguarding historic and cultural relics。故填safeguarding historic and
cultural relics。
78. appeal to
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：让一首小曲打动耳朵，让一本好书打动心灵，我们就会发现一个新的世
界，一个充满梦想和魔法的世界。根据下文“or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a
world of dreams and magic.( 让一本好书打动心灵，我们就会发现一个新的世界，一个充满梦想和魔法的
世界)”可推理出空白处应填表示“有吸引力”含义的动词短语，let sb do sth“让某人做某事”。故填appeal
to。
79. Spreading out before me
【解析】考查动词短语和现在分词。句意：拉帕河的支流在我面前展开，流经下面的山谷。根据句意可
知，此处表示“在我面前展开”，使用动词短语spread out before me，与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在
分词，作状语。故填Spreading out before me。
80. carried out to sea was spotted
【解析】考查过去分词和时态语态。句意：——奥利弗：这怎么可能？——亨利：大约一个月前，我在
航海，天快黑的时候，我发现自己被一阵大风吹到了海上。第二天早上，我被一艘船发现了。句子包含
结构：find+宾语+宾语补足语，carry out to sea (刮到海上)，与其宾语myself是被动的关系，因此第一空
使用过去分词短语充当宾语补足语；主语I与谓语动词spot (发现)构成被动关系，结合上文About a month
ago可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，谓语用单数。故填①carried out to sea ②was spotted。
81. running along the coast
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：秘鲁是南美洲太平洋沿岸的一个国家，主要有三个地区：沿岸狭窄、
干燥、平坦的土地、安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。名词land与run之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。
along the coast沿着海岸。根据句意，故填 running along the coast。
82. address important issues
【解析】考查动词。句意：要真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索海洋。但海洋探索对我们的未来很重
要。例如，科学研究船可以帮助解决气候变化等重要问题。分析句子结构可知，help do sth.意为“帮助做
某事”，此空应填动词原形作宾语，结合上下文句意可知，此处表示“解决重大问题”，address意为“解决”，表示“重大问题”是important issue，结合句意可知，此处泛指所有的与气候变化相关的问题，
所以应使用复数。故填address important issues。
83. learning from his failures
【解析】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。句意：乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。根据句中的the
secret to his success可知，成功的秘诀可以是从失败中学习。learn from意为“从……中学习”；failure意
为“失败，失败的人（或事物）”，为可数名词，使用复数形式表示泛指。空处在that引导的从句中作表
语，且表示一般性的动作，所以应用动名词形式作表语。故填learning from his failures。
84. complain
【解析】考查动词。句意：他开始抱怨这个邪恶的世界，但被一阵敲门声打断了。由下文“about the
wicked world”可知，此处表示“抱怨”，应用动词complain，作宾语，在不定式符号to后用动词原形。
故填complain。
85. Applying oil to is an urgent need
【解析】考查非谓语动词、固定短语、名词、主谓一致、形容词、时态。句意：用一块干净的布覆盖烧
伤部位。在受伤部位涂油膏不是一个好主意，因为它会使伤口保持热量，并可能导致感染……如果受害
者遭受二度或三度烧伤，则需要立即将他/她送往医院。根据课文可知，①空格处应表达“涂油膏”；表
示“把……涂于”用固定短语apply...to，用动名词形式，作主语；表示“油膏”用名词oil，作Applying
的宾语。②空格处应表达“有一种急需”；表示“紧急的”用形容词urgent，作定语，修饰名词“需要”；
表示“需要”用名词need，作主语。此处泛指“一种急需”，且urgent以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词
an；there be“有”，主语为an urgent need，且结合is suffering和主句句意可知，主句陈述事实，故时态用
一般现在时，故系动词用is。故填①Applying oil to ②is an urgent need。
86. to determine
【解析】考查不定式。句意：第一步是确定它的一些重要品质。根据“some of its significant qualities”可
知，句子表示“第一步是确定它的一些重要品质”，空格处意为“确定”，是determine，空格处用不定
式to determine作表语，故填to determine。
87. promote even wider interest to further educate safeguarding historic
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过在互联网上分享如此多的数码照片，该组织希望能促进世界各地
对中国历史、文化和传统的更广泛的兴趣。他们还希望进一步教育人们保护历史和文化遗产的重要性，
让后代了解。hope to do sth.希望做某事；promote even wider interest促进更广泛的兴趣；比较级further，
表示“进一步”；介词of后接动名词形式；safeguard保护。根据句意，故填promote even wider interest;
to further educate; safeguarding historic。
88. searching out the hole【解析】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：为了回答这些问题，我不是点头，就是发出奇怪的声音。与此
同时，我的舌头正忙着寻找那颗牙齿的洞。由“where the tooth had been”及“my tongue”可知，我的舌头
正忙着寻找那颗牙齿的洞，空格处是“寻找那个洞”，“寻找”是固定短语search out，“洞”是hole，
是一颗牙齿的洞，因此用单数，be busy doing sth.是固定短语，意为“忙于做某事”，因此空格处用动名
词短语，因此空格处是searching out the hole。故填searching out the hole。
89. give back
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：请把误拿的笔记本还给我。根据句意可知，这里应填give back表“归
还”，为固定搭配，符合句意。故填give back。
90. to set it off
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我记得他让我往火箭里倒了一些燃料，然后另一个学生点燃了一根火柴
来点燃它。结合句意表示“点燃”可知短语为set off，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填to set it off。
91. where we will have the meeting where to have the
meeting
【解析】考查宾语从句和疑问词+ to do结构。根据句意以及句子的提示要求可知，此处为连接副词where
表示“在哪里”引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“我们将开会”可译为we will have the
meeting；此处也可为疑问词where表示“在哪里”后接动词不定式to do的结构；表示“开会”为动词短
语have the meeting。故分别填where；we；will；have；the；meeting；where；to；have；the；meeting。
92. Not realizing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：店员没有意识到她是谁，这一次很难为她服务，他爬进橱窗去拿裙子。
根据句意可知，此处意思是“没有意识到”。表示“意识到”用realize，本句系动词为was，此处为非谓
语动词，且the assistant与realize为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语，否定形式为not realizing，位于句
首，首字母大写。故填Not realizing。
93. give up
【解析】考查短语。句意：医生建议他戒酒。根据句意可知，此处应用“放弃”含义，短语：give up“放
弃”，结合空前不定式to，所以此处用原形。故填give up。
94. winding through
【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意：第一部分展示了汴京附近宁静的乡村生活，包括农田、蜿
蜒的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语wind through“蜿蜒穿过”，满足句意要求，
结合句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰river，river和wind through为主动关系，所以
为现在分词形式。故填winding through。
95. Viewed【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从泰山顶上看，日出真是一个奇观。结合“the sunrise was indeed a
spectacle”可知，此处指“从泰山顶上看”，view看，观看，动词，view和逻辑主语the sunrise之间是动
宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写。故填Viewed。
96. buffeting
【解析】考查动词。句意：风击打篷布的声音将我惊醒。根据句意可知，此处表示“狂风（打击）”为
动词buffet，介词of后面应用动名词形式，此处wind+动名词形式是动名词的复合结构，即名词+动名词，
故填buffeting。
97. feels much more at home Engaging in British culture
【解析】考查时态，非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：现在，她的交流年已经过去了一半，谢蕾在英国感
觉更自在了。她说，“融入英国文化有帮助”。结合上下文可知，该空处句意为“感觉更自在了”，动
词短语feel much more at home符合句意，在该句中充当谓语，根据now可知，此处阐述现在的事实，用
一般现在时。主谓一致，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填feels much more at home。结合上
下文可知，②空处句意为“融入英国文化”，动词短语engage in British culture符合句意，句中用动名词
作主语。句首字母大写，故填Engaging in British culture。故答案为①feels much more at home②Engaging
in British culture。
98. test out
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：他们在欧洲只开了一家店来试探市场。to后接动词原形，根据句意可知，
空处填test out(测试)。故填test out。
99. impress your friends big risk-takers get into an
argument
【解析】考查固定短语，名词和不定式。句意：你是否曾为了给朋友留下深刻印象而冒险？即使是平时
不太喜欢冒险的青少年，也可能因为想要炫耀或想要融入社会而突然做一些危险的事情。男孩更有可能
不系安全带，更有可能卷入争吵或打架，更有可能吸烟和喝酒。由“because they want to show off or fit in”
可知，第一句话表示“你是否曾为了给朋友留下深刻印象而冒险”，前三空意为“给朋友留下深刻印
象”，翻译为impress your friends，take a risk to do sth.是固定短语，意为“冒险做某事”，因此impress
用原形，前三空分别填impress，your，friends；由“may suddenly do something dangerous because they
want to show off or fit in”可知，第二句话表示“即使是平时不太喜欢冒险的青少年，也可能因为想要炫耀
或想要融入社会而突然做一些危险的事情”，第4和5空意为“很喜欢冒险的青少年”，是big risk-
taker，由空前的are可知，risk-taker用复数，因此第4和5空分别填big，risk-takers；由“do something
dangerous”可知，最后一句话表示“男孩更有可能不系安全带，更有可能卷入争吵或打架，更有可能吸烟
和喝酒”，最后四空意为“卷入争吵”，是get into an argument，be likely to do sth.是固定短语，意为“可能做某事”，因此get用动词原形，后四空分别填get，into，an，argument。故填impress，your，
friends，big，risk-takers，get，into，an，argument。
100. make healthier livelier
【解析】考查动词原形和比较级。句意：为了让学生的学校生活更健康、更有活力，张天向学校介绍了
更多的课程——音乐、艺术和体育。第一空用动词原形形式和前面的to构成不定式，表示“使……”用
固定句式：make sb./sth. + 形容词，形容词作宾补。根据句中“Zhang Tian introduced more subjects to the
school － music, art and PE”可知，音乐、体育和艺术科目是可以让学生的生活更加有活力和更健康的科
目，所以空处的含义是“更健康，更有活力”，用形容词比较级healthier和livelier，故填
①make②healthier③livelier。
