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06高考语法填空抢分热点之动词时态、语态(解析版)_英语(2)_专项复习_2024年_2024届高考英语语法填空抢分热点精选精练_资料

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06 高考语法填空抢分热点之动词时态、语态
一、考点精讲
动词是高考语法填空必考项。动词常用时态有八种,语态分主动语态和被动语态。做题时首
先判断动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,如果所给词是谓语动词,则接下来要根据语
境选合适的时态、语态;如果句子主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,则用被动语态;选对了
正确的时态、语态之后,谓语动词在人称和数上要与句子的主语保持一致,特别主语是单数
第三人称的时候。
二、高考题经典解读
1.(2023年新高考卷II)As a little girl, I ____65___(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分
析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以 wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根
据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
2. Our hosts shared many of their experience and ________(recommend)wonderful places to
eat , shop, and visit.
【答案】recommended
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我们的主人分享了他们的许多经验,并推荐了一些美食、
购物和旅游的好地方。and前后两个动作是并列关系,时态要一致,所以与 shared并列的动
词recommend也用一般过去时。故答案为recommended。
3.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______(report)increases in bear sightings around
human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【答案】have reported
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:近年来,努勒维特的一些因纽特人报告说,在人类居住区附
近看到的熊越来越多,这让人相信熊的数量正在增加。根据时间状语 In recent years“在最近的
几年里”可知,主句用现在完成时,且主语 people是集体名词,复数概念,所以谓语动词用
复数形式。故答案为have reported。
4.Since 2011, the country_______(grow)more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:自 2011年以来,该国的玉米产量超过了大米。根据时间状语Since 2011“自从2011年以来”可知,句子用现在完成时,且主语the country是单
数第三人称,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为has grown。
5.It _______ ( build ) originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now been
completely restored(修复).
【答案】was built
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐朝的城市而建造的,现在已经
完全修复了。句子主语 it 是单数第三人称,和谓语动词 build 之间是被动关系,再根据
originally可知,句子在描述过去发生的事情,设空处用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案为
was built。
三、实战演练
1. The parts of a museum open to the public ______(call)galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为展厅或展厅。该句
只有一个动词call,所以设空处是谓语动词;The parts是句子主语,复数形式,和谓语动词
call之间是被动关系,且这里在描述一个客观事实,所以句子用一般现在时的被动语态。故
答案为are called。
2. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ______(regard)as one of the best all
-round forms of exercise.
【答案】is regarded
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一起被认
为是最好的全面运动形式之一。动词短语:regard...as...“把......看作......”;句子主语部分是由
介词短语along with连接的三个动名词作主语,和谓语动词regard之间是被动关系,这里在描
述一个客观事实,所以句子用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词遵循就远原则,与 along
with前的动名词cycling保持一致,即用单数形式。故答案为is regarded。
3. I ______(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
【答案】was driving
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意:我开车去伦敦,突然发现我走错了路。固定句型:was/
were doing sth. When...did...,表示“正在做某事,这时候......”;句子主语是I,谓语动词用单
数形式。故答案为was driving。
4. They sat in the yard and ______(chat)with the elderly people.【答案】chatted
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:他们坐在院子里和老人聊天。根据空前的and可知,设空
处填动词过去式chatted与sat构成并列谓语。故答案为chatted。
5. It’s the first time that the old computer ______(check)since I bought it.
【答案】has been checked
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这是我买这台旧电脑以来第一次检查。
固定句型:It is the first(second...)time that 主语+现在完成时+其他,表示“某人第几次做某
事”,其中如果主句的is改成was,则从句用过去完成时;从句主语 the old computer 是单数
第三人称,和谓语动词 check之间是被动关系,所以设空处用现在完成时的被动语态。故答
案为has been checked。
四、优秀模拟试卷之语法填空精选
(一)
One of Mexico's traditions is called the quinceanera,___1___means "66 fifteen year old". It is when a
young girl turns 15 and she has a big party to celebrate.It is___2___(combine) of local culture and
Spanish Catholicism(天主教).In 16th-century Spain, a girl___3___(turn) 15 meant she had to decide
between dedicating her life to God or getting married. Back then, in line with Catholic tradition, the
girl would wear a white dress,____4__girls now wear dresses of any colour. Finding the right dress
for your quinceanera is a big deal and a lot of time___5___( put) into finding the right one. The
dresses have lots of fabric. Think The Princess Diaries The party costs a lot of money.
The first stop is for the___6___( religion) ceremony at the church. Then at the birthday party, there's
music, dancing and lots of food. Family ard friends are invited to enjoy the special day. The father
dances with his daughter and there is a more modem dance by the birthday girl.
The quinceanera___7___(look) like great fun.It's totally different___8___ow I celebrated my 15 the
birthday. The age 15 has so much more significance in Mexico than in England. In contrast, I
remember my 18th birthday being a big deal because that was when I could call
myself____9___adult.
Mexican culture___10___( true) interests me. There is so much to learn about, and I would like to
visit someday to experience it in person practice my Spanish on the locals!
【答案】
1. which 2. combination 3. turning 4. but 5. is put6. religious 7. looks 8. from 9. an 10. truly
【解析】
1.which 考查关系词。句意:墨西哥的一个传统被称为“成人礼”,意思是“十五岁”。
which代替先行词the quinceanera是先行词,指物,在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性
定语从句,此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句。故答案为which。
2.combination 考查名词。句意:它是当地文化和西班牙天主教的结合。空后前是不定冠词
a,空后是介词 of,设空处应该是名词,combine 的名词形式是 combination。故答案为
combination。
3.turning 考查非谓语动词。句意:在16世纪的西班牙,一个15岁的女孩必须在将一生奉
献给上帝和结婚之间做出决定。句子的谓语动词是 meant,所给动词turn应该是非谓语动词,
且与a girl构成主动关系,是现在分词作后置定语。故答案为turning。
4.but 考查并列连词。句意:那时候,按照天主教的传统,女孩会穿白色的裙子,但现在女
孩穿任何颜色的裙子。根据句意,原来穿白裙子,但是现在什么颜色都可以,前后位转折关
系,所以要用表示转折关系的并列连词but。故答案为but。
5.is put 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:为你的成人礼挑选一件合适的礼服是一件大事,
而且要花很多时间。这里在描述一个客观事实,且句子主语time和谓语动词put之间是被动
关系,是一般现在时的被动语态,主语 time是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
故答案为is put。
6.religious 考查形容词。句意:第一站是在教堂举行宗教仪式。空后 ceremony是名词,由
形容词修饰,所给词religion是名词,其形容词是religious。故答案为religious。
7.looks 考查一般现在时。句意:成人礼看起来很有趣。这里在描述一个客观事实,句子用
一般现在时,谓语动词 look,意为“看起来”,是连系动词,无被动,且主语是 The
quinceanera,为单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故答案为looks。
8.from 考查介词。句意:这和我庆祝 15岁生日的方式完全不同。固定词组:be different
from…,意为“与…不同”。故答案为from。
9.an 考查冠词。句意:我记得我的18岁生日是件大事,因为那是我可以称自己为成年人的
时候。adult是“可数名词”,意为“成年人”,此处表泛指,call myself an adult“把我自己称
为一个成年人”,且adult是以元音音素开头的词,前面用不定冠词an。故答案为an。
10.truly 考查副词。句意:墨西哥文化真的很吸引我。空后 interests是动词,由副词修饰,
所给词true是形容词,其副词是truly。故答案为truly。(二)
High school years are a large part in ___1___(shape) the person you are going to become. A school
often ____2___(provide) education for you, and it can also be a place ____3____ you can develop
relationships with many different people, join clubs, and participate in a variety of different sports.
These years can make you become a high school student _____4___(fill) with many different
emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness,envy, loneliness, stress, and a numerous amount more.
This is also a time when peer (同龄人) pressure is most commonly put upon a vast majority of teens.
Peer pressure is the influence from members of one's peer group. This can include influencing
another one to cheat in a test, lie, skip class, etc. The list is ____5___ (end). Peer pressure at high
school is both harmful ____6____ effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels,
negative behavioral ____7____ (issue), and poor decision-making and outcomes.
Despite the fact that peer pressure is most commonly seen as a very negative issue, it can ____8____
(see) positive in some situations.This can involve pressuring your peers to be honest, respect each
other, work hard, do exercise, be kind, be responsible, and so on. Friends and peers
____9____(actual) affect the choice you make. Choosing to have good friends can have a very strong
effect ____10____ you.
【答案】
1. shaping 2. provides 3. where 4. filled 5. endless
6.and 7. issues 8. be seen 9. actually 10. on/upon
【解析】
1.shaping 考查非谓语动词。句意:高中是塑造你将来成为的人的很大一部分。根据句子中
的介词in可知,介词后跟动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为shaping。
2.provides考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意:学校通常为你提供教育,它也可以是一个地
方,你可以发展与许多不同的人的关系,加入俱乐部,参加各种不同的运动。该句在描述一
个客观事实,句子用一般现在时,主语为A school,为单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形
式。故答案为provides。
3.where 考查定语从句。句意:学校通常为你提供教育,它也可以是一个地方,你可以发展
与许多不同的人的关系,加入俱乐部,参加各种不同的运动。分析句子结构可知,先行词为
a place, 定语从句为“you can develop relationships with many different people, join clubs, and
participate in a variety of different sports.”,先行词在定语从句中充当的是地点状语成分,所以选用关系副词where引导。故答案where。
4.filled 考查非谓语动词。句意:这些年可以让你成为一个充满了许多不同情绪的高中生,
包括快乐,愤怒,悲伤,嫉妒,孤独,压力,和无数的更多。分析句子成分可知,谓语动词
为can make,fill作非谓语,它的逻辑主语是student,短语be filled with意为 “充满”,fill和
主语之间为被动关系。故答案为filled。
5.endless考查形容词。句意:这个列表是永无止境的。be动词is后面用形容词作表语,所
给词end的形容词是endless。故答案为endless。
6.and 考查连词。句意:高中同龄人的压力既有害又有效,因为它会导致青少年抑郁、高压
力水平、消极行为问题、糟糕的决策和结果。固定搭配:both…and…,意为“两者都……”;
本句中and连接两个形容词harmful和effective。故答案为and。
7.issues 考查名词单复数。句意:高中同龄人的压力既有害又有效,因为它会导致青少年抑
郁、高压力水平、消极行为问题、糟糕的决策和结果。根据后面 and poor decision making and
outcomes中outcomes为复数形式,and连接并列名词issue(问题),为可数名词,所以用复
数形式。故答案为issues。
8.be seen考查被动语态。句意:尽管同伴压力通常被视为一个非常消极的问题,但在某些
情况下,它也可以被视为积极的。see的主语it指代的是peer pressure,两者之间为被动关系,
且see在情态动词can后面,用动词原形,这里是含情态动词的被动语态。故答案为be seen。
9.actually考查副词。句意:朋友和同伴实际上会影响你的选择。空后 affect是动词,由副词
修饰,所给词actual是形容词,其副词是actually。故答案为actually。
10.on/upon考查固定搭配。句意:选择好朋友会对你产生很大的影响。固定搭配:have an
effect on/upon,意为“对……有影响”。故答案为on/upon。
(三)
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is ___1___ (well)
suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential.
With the high altitudes (海拔),long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang
produces fruits with ____2__ (extreme) high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of
grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, and the rest ___3___ (make) into
raisins for easy storage.
In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks ___4___ the hot and dry climate___5___ results from beingsurrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and juicy grapes with very thin skins are
produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious ___6___ (sweet) to the
locals.
In mid-September, when their Seedless White grapes ___7___ (ripe), local farmers are busy
picking grapes to be transported to other parts of the country.___8___(bunch) of glowing white
grapes hang on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick ___9___ and put it in your mouth,
you will surely never forget the wonderful taste ___10___ (produce) by the burning sun and the
desert wind of southern Xinjiang.
【答案】
1. better 2. extremely 3. are made 4. to 5. that/which
6.sweetness 7. ripen 8. Bunches 9. one 10. produced
【解析】
1. better 考查副词比较级。句意:一粒葡萄籽落在新疆的土壤里是非常幸运的,因为新疆比
其他地方更适合种植葡萄。后面有than,所以用比较级。故答案为better。
2. extremely 考查副词。句意:新疆海拔高,气候干燥,日照充足,果实含糖量极高。空后
high 是形容词,由副词修饰,所给词 extreme 是形容词,其副词是 extremely。故答案为
extremely。
3. are made 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意:秋天,大量的葡萄从新疆运往中国其他
地区,其余的葡萄被制成葡萄干以便于储存。句子主语 the rest和动词make之间是被动关系,
再根据every fall“每年秋天”可知,描述经常发生的事情,所以设空处用一般现在时态的被动
语态,即be made into“被制成”;主语为the rest,指the rest grapes,为复数形式。故答案为
are made。
4. to 考查介词。句意:在墨玉的葡萄园里,由于被沙漠包围而形成的炎热干燥的气候,出
产了大量的大而多汁皮很薄的葡萄。固定搭配:thanks to,意为“多亏了”。故答案为to。
5. that/which 考查定语从句。句意:在墨玉的葡萄园里,由于被沙漠包围而形成的炎热干燥
的气候,出产了大量的大而多汁皮很薄的葡萄。定语从句缺少连接词和主语,climate是先行
词,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以定语从句由关系代词 that 或 which 引导。故答案为
that/which。
6. sweetness 考查名词。句意:这些葡萄给当地人带来了财富和美好的甜味。空前 delicious
是形容词,作定语修饰后面的名词,所给词 sweet是形容词,其名词是sweetness,意为“美味”,且为不可数名词,无复数。故答案为sweetness。
7. ripen 考查一般现在时态。句意:九月中旬,当他们的无籽白葡萄成熟时,当地农民正忙
着采摘葡萄运往其他地方。此处描述经常发生的事情,所以用一般现在时态,主语为复数名
词 grapes,所以谓语动词用动词原形,所给词 ripe 是形容词,其动词是 ripen。故答案为
ripen。
8. Bunches 考查名词的数。句意:一串串发光的白葡萄挂在葡萄藤上,等待着人们采摘。
固搭配:a bunch of/bunches of意为“一串串的”。故答案为Bunches。
9. one 考查代词。句意:如果你挑一个放进嘴里,你一定不会忘记南疆烈日和沙漠风带来
的美妙味道。此处泛指一个葡萄,同类异物,所以用one替代a grape。故答案为one。
10. produced 考查过去分词。句意:如果你挑一个放进嘴里,你一定不会忘记南疆烈日和沙
漠风带来的美妙味道。句中will forget是谓语动词,所给动词produce应该是非谓语动词,且
和它所修饰的名词 taste 之间构成被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故答案为
produced。