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专题 04 有提示词之非谓语动词
目录
考点归纳
................................................................................................................................................................1
考点01 -ing分词..............................................................................................................................................1
考点02 过去分词.............................................................................................................................................3
考点03 动词不定式.........................................................................................................................................4
高考练场
................................................................................................................................................................5
考点01 -ing分词..............................................................................................................................................5
考点02 过去分词.............................................................................................................................................6
考点03 动词不定式.........................................................................................................................................7
考点归纳
考点 01 -ing 分词
【考点诠释】
-ing 分词分为现在分词和动名词两种，现在分词和动名词形式一样，都是由 v+ing 构成，但是在句
子中的作用不一样，动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种，动名词兼有动词和名词的特征：在句中可以用作主
语、表语、宾语和定语。现在分词在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾补。
-ing 分词构成一览表(以动词do为例)
时态 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定式 否定词 (not / never) + -ing
语法填空题考查-ing分词的五个命题切入点：
1.考查介词后的动词用-ing分词：根据英语语法，介词后接动词作宾语时，用作宾语的动词原则上要
用动名词。
2.考查习惯上后接-ing分词作宾语的动词：有些动词后常用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，主要有admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, give up, imagine,
keep, mind, miss, permit, practice, suggest等。
3.考查具有形容词性质的-ed分词与-ing分词的区别：有些动词的-ed分词和-ing分词具有形容词的性质，
但由于它们用法区别很大，且在使用时常常用错，它也是考查的重点之一。
4.考查-ing分词派生名词的用法：由动词派出来的-ing分词有时可以名词化，变成名词——这也是高考
英语语法填空的考点之一。
5.考查-ing分词派生副词的用法：具有形容词性质的-ing分词，原则上不能直接修饰形容词、副词或动
词，此种情况下，应考虑将具有形容词性质的-ing分词变成副词，即在其后加上副词后缀-ly。
【典例1】
(2023 下·湖南常德·高三常德市一中校考阶段练习) Actually, Zhangjiajie, 3 (honored) as “the most
fantastic mountain under heaven” and “a walking Chinese landscape painting”, is also 4 (widely) praised as
“an enlarged potted landscaping” “a mini fairyland” and “a maze (迷宫) of nature”, (attract) a growing
number of tourists at home and abroad.
【详解】attracting 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，张家界被誉为“天下第一奇山”和“行走的中国山
水画”，也被广泛赞誉为“一个放大的盆栽景观”“一个迷你仙境”“一个自然迷宫”，吸引着越来越多
的国内外游客。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着句子行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，
因此应用attract的现在分词形式。故填attracting。
1.为了方便理解，先简化句子结构为：Zhangjiajie, ... is also 4 (widely) praised as ...；
2.由语境可判断此处表示“吸引着越来越多的国内外游客”，故应用做结果状语；
3.此空用attract的现在分词形式，表示某行为自然发生的结果，故应用attracting。
【变式1-1】(2023上·湖南·高三雅礼中学校考阶段练习)
The latte, (feature) the iconic Moutai label, contains less than 0.5 percent alcohol by volume and is
infused with 53-degree Moutai.
【变式1-2】(2023上·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习)
Giuffre spent around two years (make) the book accessible 5 (to) Maltese readers.
【变式1-3】(2023上·广东汕头·高三汕头市潮阳实验学校校考期中)
“There was a lot of 4 (diversity), with everyone from little children to professionals (submit)
proposals.” said Alexis,
【变式1-4】(2023秋·江苏南京·高三南京外国语学校校考开学考试)
Kowkui’s exceptionally large leaves often lead to its (mistake) for “vegetable” by first-time viewers, but
this “king” of green tea in Fang’s eyes beats other 6 (varieties) at more than just size.考点 02 过去分词
【考点诠释】
过去分词会考它的一般式(done)和将来式(to be done)，它仅仅表示被动或完成的意思。从历年的高考
题来看，主要考查过去分词作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。
1.作表语：过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词，用来说明主语的性质、特征或情感变化。这时一定要
注意它与被动语态的区别，因为它们形式上完全相同。
2.作定语，需要注意：如果是单个过去分词作定语修饰名词的时候，要把它放在被修饰的名词前面；
如果是过去分词短语修饰名词的时候，过去分词短语要放在被修饰的名词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
3.作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾补，对宾语的意义和状态进行补充说明。它和宾语是逻辑上的动宾关
系，或称为被动关系。
4.作状语：可表示时间、原因、条件、让步或伴随状况等意义，这时它相当于一个状语从句。这种分
词短语作状语时,句子的主语是过去分词动作的承受者或非发出者。
【典例2】
(2023上·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习) The publication was partially financed by the Malta Book Fund, an
initiative (launch) by the National Book Council and the China Cultural Centre in Malta.
【详解】launched 考查非谓语动词。句意：这本书的出版得到了马耳他图书基金的部分资助，该基金是
由马耳他国家图书委员会和马耳他中国文化中心发起的。分析句子可知，launch (发起)作后置定语修饰名
词initiative，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系，且根据句中的时态来看，launch这
一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词，表示被动和完成。故填launched。
1.由语境可判断，此处应该是后置定语，修饰前面的名词an initiative；
2.launch (发起)与其逻辑主语initiative之间是被动关系。
3.根据句中的时态来看，launch这一动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词，表示被动和完成。
【变式2-1】(2023上·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习)
A long time ago, there was a mountain (name) “Chengdu Zaitian” in the vast wilderness.
【变式2-2】(2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模)
Therefore, every participant needs to have their documents (translate) in both languages.
【变式2-3】(2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中)(add) to UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 1985, the district is enclosed by 900-year-old walls built of red
sandstone that once 3 (defended) the city against danger.
【变式2-4】(2023上·重庆巴南·高三重庆市实验中学校考期中)
This past summer I lived in Rome, Italy for six weeks through a program (call) Study Abroad Italy.
考点 03 动词不定式
【考点诠释】
在学习非谓语动词时，动词不定式是语法学习的一个重点，也是一个难点。在英语语法中占有非常重
要的地位，是高考必考点之一。结合近几年高考英语试题来看，对不定式的考查主要体现在动词不定式作
定语、宾语、表语、状语，动词不定式与现在分词和过去分词的区别。
1.不定式作定语时，要记住这个规律：①如果动作是由句子主语发出的，那么就用动词不定式的主动
形式；如果动作不是句子主语发出的，就用动词不定式的被动形式。②如果动作没有发生，用动词不定式
作定语；若动作完成了则用过去分词作定语；若动作正在进行则用现在分词作定语。
2.动词不定式与动词ing形式作主语或宾语时，有时是没有区别的，但有时却是大不相同。常接动词
不定式作宾语的动词有refuse, afford, want, help, agree, arrange, ask, decide, promise, intend, attempt等。
3.动词不定式作表语，通常表示具体的或将来的动作。
4.动词不定式主要用作目的状语通常放在句首，放在句子末尾的时候，不用逗号隔开，只有only to do
作结果状语时才用逗号与前面内容隔开。
【典例3】
(2023上·福建福州·高三福建省福州第一中学校考开学考试) “When I was little, I was always enchanted by
buildings,” said Edna Blaise, 29, from Haiti, “but not until I started my journey in China did I realize Chinese
architecture has so many things (offer).”
【详解】to offer 考查非谓语动词。句意：但直到我开始我的中国之旅，我才意识到中国建筑有这么多可
提供给我们的东西。分析句子可知，has是句中谓语动词，offer是非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词many
things，表示尚未发生的事情，用不定式作后置定语。故填to offer。
1.由语境可判断，此处应该是后置定语，修饰前面的名词many things；
2.offer (提供)与其逻辑主语many things之间是被动关系，此处用主动形式表被动。
【变式3-1】(2023上·山东德州·高三德州市第一中学校考阶段练习)
Additionally, the ceremony used a large number of drone performances (create) a stunning visualspectacle.
【变式3-2】(2023·湖北襄阳·襄阳四中校考三模)
“It is of vital importance to get this information easy (understand) and obtainable for the public.” he said,
adding he looked forward to seeing more cooperation between Malaysia and China in diverse fields.
【变式3-3】(2023上·湖北荆州·高三沙市中学校考阶段练习)
When courtyards were built with taller buildings in the north 8 (and) shorter walls facing east and west in the
south, it allowed the maximum amount of sunlight (warm) the building during the winter months.
【变式3-4】(2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测)
The Yungang Grottoes in Shanxi province also have 3D “digital archives”, which allow precious cultural relics and
historical archives 1 0 (preserve) permanently.
高考练场
I. 单句语法填空
考点 01 -ing 分词
1. (2023 年新高考英语全国 I 卷) No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems
greedy, so I am always left _________ (want) more next time.
2. (2023年新高考英语全国II卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese
zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
3. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America, 44 (where) all life
seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar
words from many age-old fables.
4. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 6 7 (was
amazed) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗
产) while constantly growing.
5. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record)
everything I discovered.
6. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) (cover) an area about three times 57 (the) size of Yellowstone
National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.7. (2022年新高考英语全国II卷) When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳
台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the
(fall) child.
8. (2022 年新高考英语全国甲卷) He flew 4,700 kilometers 69 (from) Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20,
________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
9. (2022年新高考英语全国乙卷) 68 (To strengthen) the connection with young people,the event included
a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from
around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
10. (2021年新高考英语全国I卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it
highlights the whole adventure 6 2 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your (ache) legs.
11. (2021年新高考英语全国甲卷) After _________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at
the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
12. (2021年新高考英语全国乙卷) • Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
13. (2020年新高考英语全国全国I卷) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations
(模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk) through a rainforest.
14. (2020 年新高考英语全国全国 III卷) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds
_________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
15. (2019 年新课标全国 I 卷) Scientists have responded by ________ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they
actually are.
16. (2019年新课标全国Ⅱ卷) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain’s
oldest full-time employee--- still working 40 hours a week.
考点 02 过去分词
1. (2023年新高考英语全国I卷) Shanghai may be the __________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but
food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace.
2. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message _________ (intend) for
everyone.
3. (2023年新高考英语全国乙卷) From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home
to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______
(build) system of ring roads.
4. (2022年新高考英语全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________
(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.5. (2022 年新高考英语全国乙卷) “...... It can help to build a community with a _______ (share) future for
mankind,” he said.
6. (2021年新高考英语全国I卷) Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ___________
(astonish).
7. (2021年新高考英语全国乙卷) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
__________ (educate) about the areas ......
8. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t
feel ___________ (challenge).
9. (全国Ⅰ) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, when I was
the first Western TV reporter _________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in
the wild.
考点 03 动词不定式
1. (2023年新高考英语全国I卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ______ (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill ......
2. (2023 年新高考英语全国 I 卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
___________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
3. (2023年新高考英语全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) —________ (teach) a
lesson or to pass on wisdom.
4. (2022年新高考英语全国甲卷) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,
as a first step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
5. (2022 年新高考英语全国 I 卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority
__________ (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
6. (2022年新高考英语全国I卷) He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
7. (2022年新高考英语全国乙卷) __________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included
a number of public promotional activities on social media......
8. (2021年新高考英语全国II卷) I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
9. (2021年新高考英语全国甲卷) It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
10. (2021 年新高考英语全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and
accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
11. (2020 年高考英语全国 I 卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4
(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
12. (2020年高考英语全国II卷) These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites
or for second and third graders ________ (begin) computer classes.13. (2020年高考英语全国III卷) The next morning he hired a boat and set out (find) the well-known
painter.
14. (2019年高考英语III卷) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how
long it would take ______ (get) there.
15. (2019年高考英语·浙江卷) But some students didn’t want ________ (wear) the uniform.
16. (2019 年高考英语·江苏卷) _________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens
started to use smart phones.
17. (2018年高考英语·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long _______ (see) the benefit.
18. (2018年高考英语·全国卷Ⅱ) The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___________
(improve) water quality.
19. (2018年高考英语·全国卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _______ (stay) and watch.
20. (新课标高考英语全国Ⅰ) It took years of work __________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the
water.
II.语篇填空：
第二节 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或所给单词的正确形式。
(2023上·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考阶段练习)
Fall marks cricket fighting season in China, a sport 1 (believe) to date back more than a millennium. In
recent years, it’s gained 2 (popular) with new generations.
Here’s 3 the game works. Two crickets —always males are weighed to the closest hundredth of a gram
4 then paired off by weight class. They 5 (place) in a clear plastic ring nearly the size of a dinner plate,
with a dividing wall 6 (separate) the two insects. A referee signals go time, then slides out the ring divider to
let the bugs face off.
The owners poke a special reed (芦苇) in to brush their crickets, which drives them to fight. A referee closely
monitors the tiny fighters, noting 7 number of attacks and retreats. Cricket enthusiasts wax poetic about a
certain province because of the fierceness of its six-legged fighters. Ningyang county in Shandong produces
especially desired bugs, the sale of which brings 8 about 600 million yuan in revenue a year.
Zhao Jiuling is a 9 (commit) cricket competitor. Each night, he cooks a nutritious meal of grain and bean
powder for crickets. “They’re very 1 0 (pick) about both their food and mates,” he said. “Sometimes they
don’t like each other. Domestic violence happens both ways. Sometimes the females eat the males,” he added.
