专题30 清北生易错题档案及变式训练2-易混考点 解析版
目录
板块一：易错题分类归纳13 组
板块二：单句填空易错题40 例
板块三：语法填空综合训练6 篇
板块一：易错题分类归纳13 组
易错题1：接不定式和动名词意义差别较大动词
高考真题：(2025 浙江1 月卷)“I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn’t
always mean 65 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
【精准解析】returning。考查非谓语动词。句意：……这并不总是意味着要在某个特别的周末过后的周一
就归还衣服。根据句意可知，mean 此处意为“意味着”，mean doing sth 是固定搭配，意为“意味着做某
事”。
变式训练1：翻译下列短语
1. forget to do
forget doing
2. remember to do
remember doing
3. regret to do
regret doing
4. go on to do
go on doing
5. stop to do
stop doing
6. can’t help to do
can’t help doing
7. mean to do
mean doing
8. try to do
try doing
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020 全国I)Today I tried_________(cook) a simple dish myself. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I
thought it must be easy to cook.
2. (2020 全国I) “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I
had wished.
3. (2018 浙江) I still remember _________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when
I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
4. (2018 天津改编) I didn’t mean _______(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help
__________(try) it.
5. (2015 陕西)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all
the people who had helped in her career.
变式训练3：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ________(live) alone, but she didn’t like it and moved
back home.
2. If you think that treating a woman well means always ____________(get) her permission for things, think again.
3. While shopping, people sometimes can't help _____________(persuade) into buying something they don't really
need.
4. All of a sudden, I saw something moving on the side of the road. I stopped ___________ (have) a look.
5. I remembered __________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
变式训练1 答案：
1. forget to do 忘记要做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已做过（已做）
2. remember to do 记住去做（未做）
remember doing 记住已做某事（未做）
3. regret to do 对即将做的事表遗憾（未做）
regret doing 后悔已做了（未做）
4. go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing 继续做（同一件事）
5. stop to do 停下去做（另外一件事）
stop doing 停止做（同一件事）
6. can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做某事
7. mean to do 想要做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
8. try to do 设法要做某事（不涉及结果） try doing 尝试做某事（强调做）
变式训练2 答案：1.cooking 2.to stop 3.visiting 4.to eat, trying 5.to thank
变式训练3 答案：1.lving 2.getting 3.being persuaded 4.to have 5.to lock
易错题2：介词by 用法
高考真题：(2025全国I卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent 62 no more than one or two
points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
变式训练1：翻译下列短语
1.by oneself
2.by the way
3.by mistake
4.by turns
5.by all means
6.by means of
7.by hand
8. by the end of
9.by train
10.by coincidence
变式训练2：翻译下列短语
1.stand by
2.pass by
3.learn…by heart
4.judge…by
5.increase by 20%
变式训练3：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.You can improve your English _________ practicing every day.
2. _________ the end of last month, they had learned ten English songs.
3.The main character finally found the truth _________ the end of the movie.
4.The price of the house has increased _________ 15% since last year.
5. _________ the time he was 18, he has already achieved a lot in the field of music.
变式训练1 答案：1.独自地2.顺便说一下3.无意中4.轮流地；交替地5.当然可以6.通过7.手工8.到……末为
止 9.乘火车10. 巧合
变式训练2 答案：1.袖手旁观2.经过3.记住4.根据……判断 5.增加20%
变式训练3 答案：1. by 2. By 3. at 4.by 5. By
易错题3：含情态动词的被动语态
高考真题：(2025 八省联考卷) Every language is worthy of respect and should ____________ (treat) equally.
【精准解析】考查动词语态。句意：每一种语言都值得尊重，应该平等对待。主语Every language 与动词
treat“对待”构成被动关系，用be treated 表被动，且位于情态动词should 后，be 用原形。故填be
treated。
考点精讲：情态动词后接动词原形，以must 为例：
must do
必须做某事
一般式
must be doing
肯定正在做某事
进行式
must be done
肯定被做了
被动式
must have done
肯定已经做了某事
完成式
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 新高考II 卷)What should _________ (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
2.(2024 浙江1 月卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if
they could sometimes _________ (offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023 全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
_________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
4. (2022 浙江卷)To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a
painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind?
5. (2020 全国III 卷)The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Hurry up. Jane must _____________(wait) for us now.
2.It must ___________ (rain) last night, for the ground is wet in the early morning.
3.It’s a pity that you were late, otherwise you would _____________(see) the star from Korea.
4. I can't find my purse. I might ____________(leave) it in the super market yesterday, but I’m not sure.
5. It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should __________ (replace) by a modern hotel.
变式训练1 答案：1.be done 2.be offered 3. be employed 4. be appreciated 5. be chosen
变式训练2 答案：1.be waiting 2.have rained 3. have seen 4.have left 5. be replaced
易错题4：插入语隔离现象
高考真题：(2025 浙江1 月卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead
__________ the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or
contributing to landfill.
【精准解析】on/ upon。考查介词。本题容易受instead 影响误填of；其实focus on/upon 是固定搭配，意为
“集中（注意力、精力等）于……”。
考点精讲：有时候空白处故意插入一个单词、短语或从句扰乱理解思路从而起到干扰作用。正确的应对办
法是“形意兼顾”，不被表面现象迷惑。
变式训练：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024新高考II卷) Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.
I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways __________ Romeo
and Juliet.
2.(2024 浙江1 月卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if
they could sometimes (offer) in smaller packs.
3.(2023 新高考I 卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and
risking a spill (溢出), to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your
tongue.
4.(2023 全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past
while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I
could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
5.The country life he’s used to __________(change) a lot since 2021.
变式训练答案：1.were, to 2.be offered 3.or 4.means 5.has changed
易错题5：名词性从句what 和that 区别
高考真题：(2024 全国甲卷) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire
along the Firehole River in _______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
【精准解析】考查宾语从句。句意：1870 年9 月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河
边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in 的宾语，is 前缺主语，指物，主语用what
引导宾语从句，作介词in 的宾语，故填what。
考点精讲：what 是连接代词，引导名词性从句并充当从句的主语、宾语、定语等，而that 是连词，不作句
子成分，只起引导作用。另外，what 在名词性从句中，其作用相当于the+名词+that…从句。
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 浙江1 月卷) If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s _______ they’ll promote.
2.(2021 新高考II 卷) _________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
3.(2020 浙江7 月卷) Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _______ could be hunted or gathered
from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
4.(2020·天津卷) The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had
said.
5.(2019 全国I 卷) While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025·福建龙岩·二模) truly sets the BRI apart is its commitment to fair and win-win cooperation.
2. (2025·河南郑州·二模)As the city expands, dozens of modern buildings have been set up in_________ was a
wasteland ten years ago.
3. (2025· 广东广州·二模)The official made it clear _________he would do everything possible to solve the
problem.
4. (2025·山东济南·二模)The boy dived into the water and after _________ seemed to be a long time, he came up
again.
5. (2025·辽宁大连龙岩·二模)Social media tools let us see _________ our friends are up to and keep friendship.
变式训练1：1.what 2.What 3.what4.what 5.that
变式训练2：1.What 2.what 3.that 4.what 5.what
易错题6：动词不定式形式复杂化
高考真题：(2023 新高考I 卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them _______ (lift)
out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【精准解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿
出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词
不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out 与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定
式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
考点精讲：以to do 为例，在特定语境下不定式有主被动之分，有进行式和完成式之分。
项目
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to find
to be found
进行式
to be finding
---
完成式
to have found
to have been found
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The knots are pulled tightly together and are strong enough___________(use) for binding or wrapping, making
them very practical.
2. The design of the app allows feedback ______________(collect) continuously, ensuring constant improvement.
3.We have been informed of the strict rules ______________(adopt) for garbage sorting in the near future．
4.Their colors are not bright enough________________(notice) by the human eye.
5. The naughty boy pretended __________ (study) when his mother stepped into the room.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I hurried to school, only _______________(inform) it was Sunday.
2. Robert is said _______________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
3. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area.
4. His works are reported to____________________(translate) into 20 languages in the past decade
5. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear).
变式训练1 答案：1.to be used 2.to be collected 3. to be adopted 4.to be noticed 5. to be studying
变式训练2 答案：1.to be informed 2.to have studied 3. have been missing 4.have been translated 5.to be heard
易错题7：现在分词形式复杂化
高考真题：(2023 全国乙卷) ______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed
by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing.
【精准解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊
讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语
“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分
词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
考点精讲：现在分词作状语，表示该动作与句子谓语动词（几乎）同时发生；若该动作早于谓语动作，则
应用having done 或having been done。现在分词短语作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作；being
done 则表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。以动词do 为例：
项目
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
finding
being found
完成式
having found
having been found
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. ___________(live) here for about four years up to now, I have a better understanding of China’s northern food.
2. ________________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at
home.
3. ________________ (trap) in the river for five hours, the thief looked very pale and exhausted.
4. The manager, ________________ (make) it clear that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
5. _______________(show) around the factory, they were taken to visit the museum.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Its implementation (实施) follows a well-organized and flexible timeline, ________ (balance) active action with
careful planning.
2. The museum (build) now will be open to the public in six months.
3.I heard an English song _________(sing) by the little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
4. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ____________(perform) live is quite another.
5. ______________(consider) that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.
变式训练1：1.Having lived 2.Having waited 3. Having been trapped 4.having made 5.Having been shown
变式训练2：1.Balancing 2.being built 3.being sung 4.being performed 5.Considering
易错题8：括号内给出人称代词填什么
高考真题：(2024 九省联考卷) However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus,
to write faster, and they can feel proud of _________ (they).
【精准解析】考查代词。句意：然而，他认为，用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力，写得更快，他们可
以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of 可知，空格处应填代词作宾语，根据句意“他们自己”应用
themselves。故填themselves。
考点精讲：
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 全国甲卷)What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with
_________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy
—as a national park.
2.(2023•新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of
the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of _________(they) contents.
3.（2022 北京卷）Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____________ (they), they get takeout or order
delivery.
4.(2021 浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ____________ (she), everything in good
taste and in perfect order.
5.(2021 新课标I 卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in
the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____________ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2021 全国乙卷）Ecotourism has ____________ (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It
was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.
2.(2020 新课标卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine
____________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
3.(2020 全国I 卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could
help China decide whether ____________ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
4. Our neighbors gave _________ (we) a baby bird yesterday that hurt_________ (it) when it fell from its nest.
5. It is part of a drive by the Department for Education to address the rise in students who report _________ (they)
mental health issues at university.
变式训练1 答案：1.its 2.their 3.themselves 4.herself 5.mine
变式训练2 答案：1.its 2.themselves 3.its 4.us, itself 5.their
易错题9：使用过去完成时的场合
高考真题：(2023 北京卷)I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest
_________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【精准解析】考查时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，
女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填had arrived。
考点精讲：下列情况应考虑使用过去完成时（核心是过去的过去）：
1.had planned to do…, but…. 该句型表示原本打算做某事，实际未发生。
2.hardly had sb done…when…. 该句型表示“刚一……就……”，主句部分倒装。
3.no sooner had sb done…than…. 该句型表示“刚一……就……”，主句部分倒装。
4.It was the second time that…. 该句型表示“某人第二次……”，从句用过去完成时。
5.By/by the end of…/By the time…. 该句型表示“到……为止……”，后面用过去完成时。
6.I wish/had rather that…. 该句型表示与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。
7.as if/if only…. 该句型表示与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。
8.虚拟语气if 虚拟条件句与过去事实相反应用过去完成时。
9.主句是一般过去时，从句视语境需要也会用过去完成时来呼应。
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.By the end of last year, we ____________(learn) three thousand English words.
2.When I arrived at the cinema, the movie ____________(begin).
3.We ____________(hope) to go on a trip last weekend, but the bad weather stopped us.
4.It was the first time that I ____________(see) such a beautiful sunset.
5.If I ____________(know) you were coming, I would have prepared a big dinner.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.By the time I graduated from high school, I ____________(read) hundreds of books.
2.She realized she ____________ (lose) her keys when she got home.
3.I had rather that you ____________(tell) me the truth earlier.
4.He talked as if he ____________(know) everything about the matter.
5.When Sarah finally arrived at the party, most guests _______ (leave). Her best friend Lily _______ (wait) for her
for two hours. "You're so late! The cake _______ (eat) by everyone," Lily said. Sarah apologized, explaining that she
_______ (miss) the bus because she _______ (forget) her wallet and had to go back home to get it.
变式训练1 答案：1. had learned/learnt 2. had begun 3. had hoped 4. had seen 5. had known
变式训练2 答案：1. had read 2.had lost 3. had told 4. had known 5.had left; had been waiting; had been eaten; had
missed; had forgotten
易错题10：使用现在完成时的场合
高考真题：(2024 浙江1 月卷) Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or
salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【精准解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，
拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start 意为“开始”。故填
have started。
考点精讲：下列情况应考虑使用现在完成时（核心是发生在过去，影响现在）：
1.表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去。
2.副词标志：recently, lately, already, yet…
3.介词短语标志：so far=up to now=to date 到现在为止, for 10 years, ever since 自从……以来, over the past two
weeks 在过去两周内……
4.固定句型：主句（have/has done）+since+从句, It is the first time that+从句（have/has done）
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023 北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
2.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
3.（2022 全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
4. (2021·浙江卷) It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in
downtown Springfield, Illinois, ____________ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
5. (2020•天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around
that level since.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2019·江苏卷) The musician along with his band members ___________(give) ten performances in the last three
months.
2. (2019•全国II 卷) I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the
friends I _______________ (make) over the years.
3. (2018·北京卷) China’s high-speed railways _________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few
years.
4. (2018·全国II 卷) Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country ________
(grow) more corn than rice.
5. It is the first time that he __________(compete) against a tennis champion.
变式训练3：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2025·新疆·模拟预测）“Thanks to the Chinese standards, technologies and solutions adopted by the port city
project, outstanding contributions ____________ (make) to the protection of Sri Lanka’s marine biodiversity and
ecological environment,” Piyal said.
2.（24-25 高三·云南·期中）The number of Siberian tigers ____________ (grow) from 27 to 70 since the start of
China’s pilot national park system in 2017.
3.（2025·河北·二模）Recently, a growing number of tourist attractions ____________ (launch) low-altitude flight
and sightseeing programs.
4.（2025·江西·二模）Batstra began practicing Wing Chun at 18 and ____________ (devote) himself to it since
1981.
5.（24-25·河北邯郸·一模）This is the first time that an international poetry festival ____________ (hold) for
BRICS nations by China, leaving 146 deep impression on these poets.
变式训练1 答案：1.has established 2.has increased 3.has walked 4.has proved 5.has remained
变式训练2 答案：1.has given 2.have made 3.have grown 4.has grown 5.has competed
变式训练3 答案：1.have been made 2.has grown 3.have launched 4.has devoted 5.has been held
易错题11：变幻多端的介词
高考真题：（2024 新课标II 卷）The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform
_________the world to better understand China, but also promotes language and cultural exchanges in the world.
【精准解析】考查介词。句意：联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台，而且促
进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。表示“为某人/某物提供某物”用固定短语provide sth. for sb./sth.，本
空用介词for，符合题意。故填for。
考点精讲：
1.考查“动词+介词”短语的用法，如participate in…；
2.考查“介词+名词”短语的用法，如in person；
3.考查介词表示时间、方法的用法，如by, with 等。
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2025 八省联考卷) Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 58
the fact that they have something unique to wear and are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing
to landfill.
2.（2024 新课标I 卷）The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route…
3.（2024 北京卷）One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought ___18___
myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ”
4.（2024 全国甲卷）This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 67
all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
5. (2024 九省联考卷) He feels that neat handwriting is still an important skill, so he has his students write not only
by hand but also __________ old fashioned fountain pens.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023 新课标I卷）There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers
are pressed 40 hand rather than rolled.
2.（2023 全国甲卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 61 royal palaces, it is home to
more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 62 (build)
system of ring roads.
3.（2022 新课标I 卷）Giant pandas also serve ___________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a
host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
4. (2021 浙江1 月卷) The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased __________2.1
in women and men.
5. (2020 全国II 卷)Bamboo plants are associated __________ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy
to care for and make great presents.
变式训练3：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2020 浙江6 月卷)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
__________, through agriculture.
2. (2020 新课标卷)Museums must compete __________people’s spare time and money with other amusements.
Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
3. (2021 浙江6 月卷) In 1844 they bought it __________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who
performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
4.（2022 全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He
flew 4, 700 kilometers ___________ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
5.（2022 北京卷）Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery
bags.
变式训练4：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2021 全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It was
built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
2. (2021 全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely
accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
3.She was _________ the point of going out when the telephone rang.
4.There are many interesting books to choose from, but I’m _________ a loss which to borrow.
5. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s ________ the visiting hours.
变式训练5：在空白处填上合适的单词。
1.feel _________ ease 安心自在
2. _________ design 故意地
3. _________ random 随意地,胡乱地
4. _________ vain 白费，徒劳
5. _________ guard 值班，警戒
6. _________ treatment 在治疗中
7. _________ consideration 在考虑中
8.be absorbed _________专心于
9.be free _________ charge 免费
10.be familiar _________ sb 对…熟悉的
11.be keen _________热衷于
12.be hard _________ sb 某人苛刻
13.from bad _________ worse 越来越糟
14.from hand _________ mouth 勉强糊口
15.arm _________ arm 手挽手地
16.heart _________ heart 互相交心地
17. _________ the sight of 一看见……就
18.be set _________以……为背景
19. _________ one’s advantage 对某人有利
20.give rise _________引起，导致，产生
变式训练1 答案：1.on 2.as 3.to 4.for 5.with
变式训练2 答案：1.by 2.to 3.as 4.by 5.with
变式训练3 答案：1.in 2.for 3.for 4.from 5.in
变式训练4 答案：1.in 2.until 3.on 4.at 5.beyond
变式训练5：1. at 2. by 3. at 4. in 5. on 6. under 7. under 8. in9. of 10. to 11. on12. on 13. to 14. to 15. in 16. to
17.1 at 8. in19. to 20. to
易错题12：either…or…等平行结构
高考真题：（2021 浙江6 月卷）Although Mary loved flowers, ________she nor her husband was known as a
gardener.
【精准解析】考查连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此
处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
考点精讲：
1. not…but…, 不是……而是……
2. not only…but (also)…, 不但……而且……
3. not just…but (also)…, 不但……而且……
4. both…and…, 不但……而且……
5. either…or…, 要么……要么……
6. neither…nor…, 既不……也不……
7. between….and…在……和……之间
8. whether…or…, 不管是……还是……
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2019 全国II) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made over the years. I work not
because I have to, ________ because I want to.”
2. He neither drinks alcohol ________nor smokes cigarettes, which contributes to his good health.
3. __________you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
4. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ________ their education that causes misunderstanding.
5. Between working full-time ________ taking care of the kids, he didn't have much time for hobbies.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. I shall go swimming tomorrow whether you come with me ________stay at home.
2. It is often said that the joy of traveling is ______ in arriving at your destination ______ in the journey itself.
3. It was an extremely dark, lonely country road. Neither a single person ______ any traffic was in sight at all.
4. Not only has the activity developed our creative thinking, ________ it has strengthened our sense of
responsibility.
5.I will always support you, ___________you succeed or fail in this business venture.
变式训练1 答案：1.but 2.nor 3. Either 4. but 5.and
变式训练2 答案：1.or 2.not, but 3.nor 4.but 5. whether
易错题13：并列句用法
高考真题：(2025 八省联考卷) Language is the carrier of communication, the bridge of interaction between nations,
__________the bond of understanding among civilizations.
【精准解析】考查连词。句意：语言是沟通的载体，是国家间互动的桥梁，是文明间理解的纽带。the
carrier of communication，the bridge of interaction between nations 和the bond of understanding among
civilizations 为并列关系，应用连词and 连接。故填and。
考点精讲：
并列句“A and B”三种考查模式：①A and ________②A ______B ③_____ and B
并列句“A , B and C”并列对象可以是：名词、形容词、副词、不定式, 分词, 介词短语、并列谓语甚至从句
变式训练1：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 新高考I 卷) Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see how Tang’s
play was being performed.”
2.(2024 北京卷)His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I ________ (jog) over
to him.
3.(2023 浙江1 月)During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ________ arranged the
residential areas according to social classes.
4.(2023新高考II卷) It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop ________ to see the pandas settle into
their new home.
5.(2022 新高考II 卷)He hung on for a few minutes _________screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear
him.
变式训练2：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2022 全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony
calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation _________ cultural
exchanges.
2. (2021 全国I 卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole
adventure ________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
3.(2021 全国II 卷)I found the contact information of the company________ emailed its president.
4.(2021 浙江卷1 月)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the
scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier _______ that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in
rural areas.
5.(2017 全国III 卷)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over
the top.
变式训练3：在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2020 全国III 卷)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇
的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river.
2.(2019 北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,
and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _________ (meaning)college experience.
3.（2025·新疆·模拟预测）They also invited Chinese experts to conduct underwater surveys ________ guide coral
planting.
4.（2025·福建三明·三模）Compared to traditional sculptural restoration methods, 3D technology offers greater
scientific precision, (high) accuracy and improved efficiency.
5.（2025·福建龙岩·二模）Through infrastructure projects, the BRI has successfully promoted the development of
involved nations, creating jobs improving living standards.
变式训练1 答案：1.and 2.jogged 3.and 4.and 5.and
变式训练2 答案：1.and 2. and 3. and 4. and 5.laying
变式训练3 答案：1.pointed 2.meaningful 3.and 4.higher 5.and
板块二：单句填空易错题40 例
1. They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastic, (weigh) almost 18 tons, with thousands of new
pieces washing up each day.
【答案】weighing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们估算出有3,800 万件塑料，总重近18 吨，每天还有数千件新塑料被
冲上岸。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词calculated，且逗号前后无连词连接，故此处weigh 需用非
谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语38 million pieces of plastic 之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作状语，补
充说明塑料的重量情况。故填weighing。
2. She remembered (log) the meeting minutes yesterday but forgot to share them with team members.
【答案】to log
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她记得昨天要记录会议纪要，但忘了和团队成员分享。根据“但忘了分
享”的语境“可知，“记录会议纪要”这一动作是“记得要去做”的事情，应用固定短语remember to do
sth.，表示“记得要做某事（但未做）”，所以此处应用log 的动词不定式形式作remembered 的宾语。故
填to log。
3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears to (tell) everything.
【答案】have been told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一定要让你妈妈知道所有真相，她似乎已经被告知一切了。分析句子可
知，“appear to do sth”是固定用法，意为“似乎做某事”，设空处需填动词不定式形式；主语“she”与谓语
动词“tell”之间是被动关系，即“她被别人告知”，需用被动语态；结合语境，“被告知”这一动作发生
在“让妈妈知道真相”之前，强调动作已完成，应用现在完成时的被动语态，其不定式形式为“ have
been+过去分词”，“tell”的过去分词是“told”。故填have been told。
4. Her discovery is thought (save) tens of millions of lives all over the world.
【答案】to have saved
【详解】考查不定式。句意：她的发现被认为拯救了全世界数千万人的生命。根据空前is thought 可知，固
定结构be thought to do sth.“被认为做某事”，根据句意可知，save 的动作已经完成，应用动词不定式的完
成式to have done，表示动作在谓语is thought 之前已经发生，save 的过去分词为saved。故填to have saved。
5. Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will
finish it.
【答案】to be designing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Allen 被认为目前正在设计一个新的电脑程序，但我们不知道她什么时候
完成。sb. be believed to do sth.意为“某人被认为做某事”，为固定句型，不定式作主语补足语。根据at
present，此处用动词不定式的进行式，表示正在进行。故答案为to be designing。
6. (wait) for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home.
【答案】Having waited
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他等待半小时才意识到把钱包忘在家中。wait 这一动作发生在“意识
到”之前，和he 之间是主谓关系，故应用having done 作状语。首字母大写。故填Having waited。
7. (experience) quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
【答案】Having experienced
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为在夏威夷已经经历了不少地震，所以我并没有太在意。分析句子结
构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，experience 与句子主语I 之间为主动关系，结合句意可知，
experience 发生在谓语动词之前，所以此处应使用having experienced，且位于句首，having 的首字母需大写
故填Having experienced。
8. (suffer) from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine.
【答案】Having suffered
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来饱受心脏病之苦，怀特教授不得不吃药了。非谓语动词suffer 和
主语之间是主动关系，且动作发生在谓语动作之前，应用其现在分词的完成式作状语。句首字母大写，故
填Having suffered。
9. (eat)at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
【答案】Having eaten
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：蒂娜以前在自助餐厅吃过饭，所以不想再在那里吃了。分析句子，设空
处应该使用非谓语动词，设空处动作发生在主句动作之前，且表示原因，故使用现在分词完成式结构，作
原因状语。同时该空置于句首，首字母要大写，故填Having eaten。
10. （contribute）to the 21st Century regularly, he finds his English greatly improved.
【答案】Contributing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期给《21 世纪》投稿，他发现自己的英语得到了极大的提升。根据句
子分析可知，此处做状语，主语为he，contribute 与主语he 之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词做状语，故
填Contributing。
11. This temple has a long history (date) back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.
【答案】dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。分析句子可知，句子谓语动词
为has，设空处动词要用非谓语，且date back to 只有主动形式，用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。
12. With midnight (approach), Luo Yan took his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers.
【答案】approaching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着午夜临近，罗岩带着父母、妻子和儿子到外面去放鞭炮。本句为
“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，midnight 与approach(临近)是主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾语补足语。故填
approaching。
13. With her arms (fold), the teacher stood there, observing the work of her students.
【答案】folded
【详解】考查with 的复合结构。句意：老师交叉着双臂站在那里，观察着学生们的作业。分析句子可知，
此处为with 的复合结构，宾语“her arms”与动词“fold”（折叠）之间是被动关系（即“手臂被折叠”，也
就是“双臂交叉”的状态），因此需用过去分词（folded）作宾语补足语。故填folded。
14. With so many online posts (feature) the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.
【答案】featuring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有这么多在线帖子都以相同的地方为特色，很容易让人觉得自己错过了
什么。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构，宾语online posts 与feature 之间为逻辑上的主谓
关系，所以应用feature 的现在分词形式featuring 作宾语补足语。故填featuring。
15. It remains unknown he will be admitted to Fudan University.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他是否会被复旦大学录取仍然未知。It 为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，
且表示“是否”，用whether 引导。故填whether。
16. It seems that TV programmes have helped change people think about cooking.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾
语，故用what。故填what。
17. There is some evidence a small amount of alcohol is good for health.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有证据表明，少量饮酒对健康有益。此空引导同位语从句，解释说明名
词evidence 的内容，从句结构和意义完整，应用连接词that 引导。故填that。
18. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact your friend may feel abandoned.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句引导词。句意：处于新环境中的人应该体谅你的朋友可能会感到被抛弃这一事实。
分析句子结构可知，“the fact”后为同位语从句，从句“your friend may feel abandoned”结构完整，不缺少成
分，应用连词that 引导同位语从句，that 在从句中无实际意义，仅起连接作用，解释说明“the fact”的具体
内容。故答案为 that。
19. Educationalists argue teachers should ask proper questions to provoke students’ creativity.
【答案】that
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：教育学家认为教师应该提出适当的问题来激发学生的创造力。空格处引导
的是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that 引导宾语从句，故填that。
20. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.
【答案】where
【详解】考查连接词。句意：你说每个人都应该平等，而这正是我不同意的地方。分析句子可知，设空处
引导表语从句，从句中“disagree”是不及物动词，不缺宾语，结合句意“不同意的地方”，需用连接词
“where”在从句中作地点状语，符合语境。故填where。
21. — Have you heard the news that he was admitted into Peking University?
— Yes, that’s he worked so hard all the time, so his efforts paid off.
【答案】because
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：——你听说他被北京大学录取的消息了吗？——是的，那是因为他一直很
努力，所以他的努力得到了回报。填空处需表示原因，句意为“那是因为他一直在努力工作”，用because
引导表语从句。故填because。
22. (surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the
usual hustle and bustle of school life.
【答案】Being surrounded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被大自然包围不仅激发了我的创造力，而且让我从平时的学校生活的喧
嚣中得到了急需的休息。“(surround) by nature”作主语，表示一种状态，用动名词作主语，且surround(包
围，围绕)与其逻辑主语“我”之间是被动关系，用动名词的被动形式being surrounded 作主语；句首单词
首字母大写。故填Being surrounded。
23. He never expected to have much difficulty (find) one who shared common interests with him.
【答案】finding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从未想到找到一个和他有共同兴趣的人会有这么多困难。have
difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定结构，表示“做某事有困难”，所以空处应用动名词形式finding，作介词in 的
宾语，in 可省略。故填finding。
24. He insisted on (treat) as an ordinary employee.
【答案】being treated
【详解】考查动名词的被动形式。句意：他坚持要被当作一名普通员工来对待。“insist on”后接动名词作
宾语，且he 与treat 之间是被动关系，因此设空处应填动名词的被动形式being treated，符合语境。故填
being treated。
25. After he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted (make) such a hasty decision.
【答案】making/having made
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在更仔细地考虑了这个问题之后，他后悔做出了如此草率的决定。make
a decision“做决定”。regret doing sth./having done sth.表示“后悔做了某事”，本空用make 的动名词或动名
词的完成式，作regretted 的宾语。故填making 或having made。
26. It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve (respect).
【答案】respecting/to be respected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些愿意付出而不是接受的人值得人们的尊重。句子是强调句型，强调
主语those（那些人），deserve 是谓语，respect 与逻辑主语those 是被动关系，deserve 后接动名词表示被动
含义，或者接不定式的被动形式，表示“应该被……”。故填respecting/to be respected。
27. As far as I’m concerned, there is no sense in (get) sad about it now.
【答案】getting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：就我而言，现在为此伤心没有意义。空处作介词in 的宾语，应填动名词
形式，故填getting。
28. Having been ill in bed for months, he had a hard time (catch) up with others.
【答案】catching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他卧病在床好几个月了，很难赶上别人。have a hard time doing sth“做某
事很艰难”，该空用动名词形式作宾语。故填catching。
29. Independence does not mean (shut) the door to the world.
【答案】shutting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：独立并不意味着对世界关上大门。设空处应填动名词作宾语，“mean
doing sth.”表示“意味着做某事”，结合所给词“shut”，其动名词形式是shutting，符合语境。故填
shutting。
30. As soon as the kids heard the funny joke, they couldn’t help (shout) with laughter.
【答案】shouting
【详解】考查动名词。句意：孩子们一听到这个有趣的笑话，就忍不住大笑起来。couldn’t help doing sth.是
固定搭配，意为“忍不住做某事”。故填shouting。
31. It is said that David threatened (report) his neighbour if the damages were not paid.
【答案】to report
【详解】考查不定式。句意：据说如果不赔偿损失，大卫威胁要举报他的邻居。“threaten to do sth.”是固定
短语，意为“威胁要做某事”。 故填to report。
32. Astronomers aren’t trying (find) these distant objects just for the fun of it.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：天文学家尽力找到这些遥远的天体并不只是为了好玩。try to do sth.是固
定短语，意为“尽力做某事”，因此用find“找到”的不定式形式，作宾语。故填to find。
33. The number of apps used in our mobile phones (increase) dramatically for the last five years.
【答案】has increased
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年里，我们手机上使用的应用程序数量急剧增加。由for
the last five years 可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语The number 是单数，因此空格处是has increased。故
填has increased。
34. So far, China's rapid development and its modernization process （provide）great support for the growth
and evolution of Chinese science fiction.
【答案】have provided
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，中国的发展速度及其现代化进程为中国的科幻文学
的兴起与演变提供了强大支持。China's rapid development and its modernization process(中国的发展速度及其
现代化进程)是主语，设空处作谓语,且句意表示主动，要用主动语态。时间状语So far 要和现在完成时
“have/has+过去分词”连用，主语由并列连词and 连接两个名词，表示复数概念, 助动词应用have，
provide 的过去分词直接在结尾加-d。故填have provided。
35. The new trade agreement remains negotiation, with both parties working to resolve key differences
in market access regulations.
【答案】under
【详解】考查介词。句意：新的贸易协定仍在谈判中，双方正努力解决市场准入规则方面的关键分歧。
under negotiation 为常用搭配，意为“在谈判中、处于谈判状态”，其中介词under 表示“处于……（过程
或状态）中”，符合“协定尚未谈成，仍在进行中”的语境。故填under。
36. Today, over 800,000 people in 16 countries across Africa have benefited the life-changing gift of
clean, safe water.
【答案】by/from
【详解】考查介词。句意：今天，非洲16 个国家的80 多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改变生活的礼物
结合句意，表达“受益于……”用短语benefit by/from。故填by/from。
37. Five years older than the majority of officers of his same rank, he was determined to make up lost
time.
【答案】for
【详解】考查介词。句意：他比同职级的大多数军官都年长五岁，因此决心弥补逝去的时光。结合句意，
表达“弥补”用短语make up for。故填for。
38. The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined 50 percent on more than 46,000 square
miles of California forests, the new study finds.
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意：这项新研究发现，在加州超过4.6 万平方英里的森林中，胸径超过两英尺的树
木数量锐减了50%。由50 percent 可知，此处表示“胸径超过两英尺的树木数量锐减了50%”，空格处用by
表示减少的幅度，故填by。
39. The Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still use and is over 1,000 years old.
【答案】in
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字语言，已有1000 多年的历史。(be) in
use 是固定短语，意为“在使用中、正在使用”。故填in。
40. It is obvious that, to some, the birth of a baby will be the expense of their freedom.
【答案】at
【详解】考查介词。句意：很明显，对一些人来说，孩子的出生将以牺牲他们的自由为代价。at the expense
of 是固定短语，意为“以……为代价”，因此空格处用介词at。故填at。
板块三：语法填空综合训练6 篇
01（25-26 高三上·山东·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the oldest umbrella in China, the oiled paper umbrella has been in use for over a thousand years and 1
(perceive) as the living fossil of Chinese umbrella art nowadays. 2 (compose) of a bamboo frame and a
delicately painted paper surface, the oiled paper umbrella is a vivid symbol of China’s tradition of 3 (culture)
craftsmanship and poetic beauty.
According to the legend, the umbrella was first invented by Yun, the wife of Lu Ban. Back in the late Spring
and Autumn period, Lu Ban, 4 famous carpenter in ancient China, used to work in the field so Yun
wanted to make something to keep out the rain. It was not until the Tang and Song dynasties 5 oiled paper
umbrellas became widely used. After the 6 (appear) of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper
umbrellas suffered from declining sales.
As China’s intangible cultural heritage, the oil paper umbrella has a rich cultural significance in its own right, in
addition to serving 7 a shelter from the wind and rain. The process of making oil paper umbrellas is
particularly complex, 8 is said to be twenty-seven and a half steps. The employment of tung oil (桐油) is
9 (keep) away evil spirits. Its elegant and heavenly beauty speaks volumes about the gentleness and charm of
classical Chinese beauty to the 10 (full).
【答案】1. is perceived 2. Composed 3. cultural 4. a 5. that 6. appearance 7. as 8. which 9. to keep
10. fullest
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国最古老的伞——油纸伞，包括其历史背景、制作工艺、文化
意义以及在现代社会中的地位。
1. 考查时态语态。句意：作为中国最古老的伞，油纸伞已使用千年有余，如今被视为中国伞艺的活化石。
此空考查谓语动词，“the oiled paper umbrella”与“perceive”之间为被动关系，且描述客观事实，应用一
般现在时的被动语态；主语为单数。故填is perceived。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：油纸伞由竹骨和绘有精美图案的纸面构成，是中国传统工艺与诗意之美的生动
象征。此空考查非谓语，“the oiled paper umbrella”与“compose”之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，这里
应用过去分词作状语，且句首单词首字母大写。故填Composed。
3. 考查形容词。句意：油纸伞由竹骨和绘有精美图案的纸面构成，是中国传统工艺与诗意之美的生动象征。
所填空修饰名词craftsmanship，需用名词culture 的形容词形式cultural，表“文化的”，符合语境。故填
cultural。
4. 考查冠词。句意：春秋末期，中国古代著名工匠鲁班常去田间劳作，于是云想做一件能遮雨的东西。这
里泛指“一位工匠”，且famous 以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 考查强调句。句意：直到唐宋时期，油纸伞才开始被广泛使用。此处为“it is/was not until...that...” 强
调句型，强调时间状语“the Tang and Song dynasties”，应用that。故填that。
6. 考查名词。句意：现代机械伞出现后，传统油纸伞的销量逐渐下滑。所填空前有定冠词the 修饰，需用
动词appear 的名词形式appearance，表“出现”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填appearance。
7. 考查介词。句意：作为中国非物质文化遗产，油纸伞除了用作遮风挡雨的工具，本身还具有丰富的文化
内涵。这里考查serve as，为固定搭配，意为“用作；充当”。故填as。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：油纸伞的制作过程极为复杂，据说有二十七道半工序。所填空引导非限制性定语
从句，先行词是“the process of making oil paper umbrellas”，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词
which 引导。故填which。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：使用桐油是为了驱邪。此处表 “使用桐油” 的目的是为了驱邪，应用动词不
定式to keep 作表语。故填to keep。
10. 考查固定搭配。句意：它清雅空灵的美感，充分展现了中国古典美的温婉与韵味。分析句子结构可知，
这里考查“to the fullest” ，为固定搭配，表“充分地、最大限度地”，常用来强调把某种状态或行为发挥
到极致。故填fullest。
02（25-26 高三上·湖北·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1 个单词） 或括号内单词的
正确形式。
China held a military parade at Tian’anmen Square in Beijing on September 3rd 11 (celebrate) the
80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World
Anti-Fascist War.
During the parade, more than 10,000 military personnel, along with over 100 aircraft and hundreds of ground
weapons, 12 (organize) into 45 formations following a wartime command structure. Most of the People’s
Liberation Army’s new support and weapon systems were put 13 display for the first time, 14
(demonstrate) China’s capability for independent innovation in weapon development. All the weapons and equipment
are 15 (domestic) produced, featuring higher strike precision, improved battlefield adaptability, and greater
effectiveness.
The Chinese people made significant contributions to the defense of world peace, which constituted 16
important part of the World Anti-Fascist War. The parade was not meant as a show of force, 17 as a
reminder of history and our dedication to peace.
People from all walks of life across China felt a deep sense of pride and responsibility while watching the
grand military parade. Wu Jiani, a police officer, remarked that the commemoration was so deeply moving 18
she felt a strong emotional bond with those who lived eighty years ago. “ 19 (inspire) by the dedication of
wartime heroes, we will continue to serve the people with the same 20 (commit) our soldiers demonstrated
during the war,” she added.
【答案】11. to celebrate 12. were organized 13. on 14. demonstrating 15. domestically 16. an 17. but
18. that 19. Inspired 20. commitment
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了中国于9 月3 日在北京天安门广场举行阅兵仪式，以庆祝中国人
民抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利80 周年。文中阐述了阅兵的规模、展示的武器装备特点，强调此次阅
兵旨在铭记历史、维护和平，还提及各界人士观看阅兵后的感受。
11. 考查非谓语动词。句意：9 月3 日，中国在北京天安门广场举行阅兵仪式，以庆祝中国人民抗日战争暨
世界反法西斯战争胜利80 周年。已有谓语动词“held”，此处应用非谓语动词作目的状语，表示举行阅兵
仪式的目的是“庆祝……胜利”，所以用动词不定式to celebrate。故填to celebrate。
12. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：阅兵期间，1 万多名军人，以及100 多架飞机和数百件地面武器，按照战
时指挥结构编成45 个方队。根据语境，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。主语“ more than 10,000
military personnel, along with over 100 aircraft and hundreds of ground weapons”与“organize”之间是被动
关系，即“这些人员和武器装备被组织”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分
词”。“along with”连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与前面的名词保持一致，前面的名词“more
than 10,000 military personnel”是复数，所以用were organized。故填were organized。
13. 考查固定短语。句意：人民解放军的大多数新型支援和武器系统首次亮相，展示了中国在武器研发方
面的自主创新能力。“put...on display”是固定短语，意为“展示；展览”，所以用on。故填on。
14. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人民解放军的大多数新型支援和武器系统首次亮相，展示了中国在武器研发
方面的自主创新能力。已有谓语动词“were put on display”，此处应用非谓语动词。“most of the People’s
Liberation Army’s new support and weapon systems”与“demonstrate（展示）”之间是主动关系，即这些
武器系统的展示主动体现了中国的创新能力，所以用现在分词demonstrating 作伴随状语，表示与“put on
display”同时发生的动作。故填demonstrating。
15. 考查副词。句意：所有武器装备均为国产，具有更高的打击精度、更强的战场适应性和更大的效能。
此处修饰动词“produced”，应用副词形式，domestic 的副词是domestically，意为“在国内；国产地”。
故填domestically。
16. 考查冠词。句意：中国人民为捍卫世界和平做出了重大贡献，这是世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分。
“an important part of...”是固定搭配，意为“……的一个重要部分”，important 是以元音音素开头的单词
所以用不定冠词an。故填an。
17. 考查连词。句意：这次阅兵并非为了炫耀武力，而是为了铭记历史、坚守和平。“not...but...”是固定搭
配，意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列的成分，符合语境。故填but。
18. 考查状语从句。句意：警察吴佳妮表示，这次纪念活动如此感人，以至于她感觉与八十年前的人们产
生了强烈的情感共鸣。“so...that...”是固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，符
合语境。故填that。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“受到战时英雄奉献精神的鼓舞，我们将继续以战士们在战争中展现出的同
样的奉献精神为人民服务。”她补充道。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词“will continue”，此处应用非谓语
动词。“we”与“inspire（鼓舞）”之间是被动关系，即“我们被鼓舞”，所以用过去分词Inspired 作状
语，表被动和完成。句首单词首字母大写，故填Inspired。
20. 考查名词。句意：“受到战时英雄奉献精神的鼓舞，我们将继续以战士们在战争中展现出的同样的奉
献精神为人民服务。”她补充道。根据空前的“the same”可知，此处应填名词作宾语，commit 的名词形式
是commitment，意为“奉献；承诺”，在这里表示“战士们的奉献精神”，作介词with 的宾语。故填
commitment。
03（25-26 高三上·河南·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Health is wealth. In May 2025, Hunan Province introduced a three-year action plan 21 (reduce) salt
and oil in local diets, including new standards for Hunan cuisine, traditionally known for its strong flavours. Earlier,
in March, multiple Chinese government agencies jointly 22 (release) the Food and Nutrition Development
Guidelines (2025—2030) , 23 advocate for limiting salt, oil, and sugar intake while promoting portion
control tools.
These efforts go with the Healthy China Initiative, 24 national strategy emphasizing disease
prevention through better nutrition. In the past, food choices were driven 25 (primary) by taste, but today,
scientific dietary principles are gaining attraction. As people become more health-conscious (注重健康的) , they
recognize the link between improper diets and diseases. This awareness is driving a shift towards healthier 26
(eat) patterns.
Modern lifestyles, 27 (characterize) by long work hours, sedentary (久坐的) behaviour, and irregular
mealtimes, have contributed to unhealthy dietary habits. Many people rely 28 takeout meals, often
containing excessive (过多的) amounts of oil, salt, and sugar, posing risks to long-term health. While urbanization
has expanded food choices, it has also made processed and unhealthy foods more 29 (access) .
At the same time, increased access to nutrition information—through websites, apps, and social media—has
improved public awareness of health. This shift reflects broader social values, as people prioritize health and well-
being in their 30 (pursue) of a better quality of life.
【答案】21. to reduce 22. released 23. which 24. a 25. primarily 26. eating 27. characterized 28. on
29. accessible 30. pursuit
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国各地健康意识增强，人们越来越注重健康饮食。
21. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2025 年5 月，湖南省推出了一项为期三年的计划，旨在减少当地居民饮食中
的盐和油的摄入量，该计划还包括针对湖南传统美食（以其浓郁的口味而闻名）的新标准。修饰上文的
plan 用不定式作后置定语。故填to reduce。
22. 考查时态语态。句意：此前，在今年3 月，多个中国政府部门联合发布了《食物与营养发展指南（2025
—2030）》，该指南倡导限制盐、油和糖的摄入量，并推广分量控制工具。此处作谓语，根据上文的时间
状语“Earlier”和“in March”可知，用一般过去时态。故填released。
23. 考查定语从句。句意：此前，在今年3 月，多个中国政府部门联合发布了《食物与营养发展指南（2025
—2030）》，该指南倡导限制盐、油和糖的摄入量，并推广分量控制工具。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词
the Food and Nutrition Development Guidelines (2025—2030)，在从句作主语，指物，用which 引导。故填
which。
24. 考查冠词。句意：这些举措与“健康中国”倡议相契合，该倡议是一项强调通过改善营养来预防疾病
的国家战略。此处strategy 表泛指，且national 是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。
25. 考查副词。句意：过去，人们选择食物主要依据的是口味；而如今，科学的饮食原则正越来越受到人
们的青睐。修饰谓语动词were driven 用副词primarily。故填primarily。
26. 考查固定短语。句意：这种意识正在推动人们向更健康的饮食模式转变。短语eating patterns 表示“饮
食模式”。故填eating。
27. 考查非谓语动词。句意：现代的生活方式以长时间工作、久坐不动以及不规律的用餐时间为特点，这
导致了不健康的饮食习惯的形成。此处characterize 与Modern lifestyles 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定
语。故填characterized。
28. 考查介词。句意：许多人依赖外卖食品，这些食品通常含有过量的油脂、盐分和糖分，会对长期健康
造成危害。短语rely on 表示“依靠，依赖”。故填on。
29. 考查形容词。句意：虽然城市化增加了人们的饮食选择，但同时也使得加工食品和不健康食品变得更
加容易获取。此处为make+宾语+宾补，表示“易获取”用形容词accessible，做宾补。故填accessible。
30. 考查名词。句意：这种转变反映了更广泛的社会价值观，因为人们在追求更高生活质量的过程中，更
加重视健康和幸福。短语in pursuit of 表示“追求”。故填pursuit。
04（25-26 高三上·广东·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Nine rivers meet in Tianjin, with three floating bridges and two passes.” 31 (locate) just a short
train ride from Beijing, Tianjin is a lively port city 32 East meets West, tradition meets innovation and
historic charm blends with modern life.
Tianjin’s architectural landscape tells a vivid story of its history. The former concession areas (租界), such as
the Italian Style Town, 33 (line) with elegant European villas, Gothic churches, and Art Deco buildings.
Wander through these tree-lined streets, and you’ll feel transported to a past era, while steps away, futuristic skyscrapers
like the Tianjin Tower reach the sky, 34 (symbolize) rapid modernization.
You can’t have a complete visit to Tianjin 35 tasting its local dishes. Start your day with a crispy
jianbing guozi, cooked fresh on a hot pan and folded with egg, green onions, and tasty sauce. For lunch, try Goubuli
Baozi, 36 century-old specialty known for its soft texture and juicy fillings.
Beyond food and architecture, Tianjin’s natural and cultural 37 (attract) fascinate visitors. A cruise along
the Haihe River at night reveals the city’s romance, with lights reflecting beautifully on the water. The ancient
Huangyaguan Great Wall, a short drive from the city, offers hiking trails with amazing mountain views. Hikers often
speak 38 (enthusiastic) of the breathtaking scenery there.
Tianjin is more than a city — it’s a living museum. Whether you 39 (explore) historic lanes, tasting
local flavors, or admiring modern wonders, Tianjin promises an 40 (forget) journey that bridges the gap
between East and West, past and future.
【答案】31. Located 32. where 33. are lined 34. symbolizing 35. without 36. a 37. attractions 38.
enthusiastically 39. are exploring 40. unforgettable
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天津这座城市，包括其地理位置、建筑特色、美食文化、自然
与文化景观等方面的内容。
31. 考查非谓语动词。句意：天津距北京仅需短途火车车程，这座充满活力的港口城市，既是东西方文化
交汇、传统与创新碰撞之地，也是历史韵味与现代生活交融之所。此空应为非谓语动词作状语，主语
Tianjin 与locate 之间为被动关系，所以此空应为过去分词形式located，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填
Located。
32. 考查定语从句。句意：天津距北京仅需短途火车车程，这座充满活力的港口城市，既是东西方文化交
汇、传统与创新碰撞之地，也是历史韵味与现代生活交融之所。空处引导定语从句，先行词city，关系词
在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where 引导。故填where。
33. 考查动词时态语态。句意：意大利风情街等昔日租界区域，两旁林立着典雅的欧式别墅、哥特式教堂
与装饰艺术派建筑。主语The former concession areas 与line 之间为被动关系，且此处为描述客观事实，所
以此空应为一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为“be+done”，主语为复数，be 动词用are，line 的过去分词
为lined。故填are lined。
34. 考查非谓语动词。句意：漫步在这些绿树成荫的街道上，仿佛穿越回往昔岁月；而几步之遥，天津电
视塔等未来感十足的摩天大楼直插云霄，象征着城市的快速现代化进程。此空应为非谓语动词作状语，主
语futuristic skyscrapers 与symbolize 之间为主动关系，所以此空应为现在分词形式symbolizing。故填
symbolizing。
35. 考查介词。句意：来到天津，不品尝当地美食，旅途便不算完整。此空应为介词，表示“没有”应用
介词without。故填without。
36. 考查冠词。句意：午餐不妨试试狗不理包子，这道拥有百年历史的特色美食，以松软的外皮和多汁的
馅料闻名遐迩。specialty 为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且century-old 发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词
a 修饰。故填a。
37. 考查名词。句意：除了美食与建筑，天津的自然与人文景观同样吸引着八方游客。此空应为名词作主
语，attract 的名词为attraction，表示“景点”，为可数名词，且此处表示泛指，没有冠词限定，需填名
词复数形式。故填attractions。
38. 考查副词。句意：徒步爱好者们常常热情洋溢地夸赞那里令人惊叹的风光。此空应为副词修饰动词
speak，enthusiastic 的副词为enthusiastically，表示“热情地”。故填enthusiastically。
39. 考查动词时态。句意：无论你是在探寻历史街巷、品尝本地风味，还是欣赏现代奇观，天津都将为你
带来一场难忘的旅程——它架起了东西方的桥梁，也连通了过去与未来。whether 引导的让步状语从句中
缺少谓语动词，且此处为描述正在进行的动作，所以此空应为现在进行时，其结构为“be+doing”，主语
为you，be 动词用are，explore 的现在分词为exploring。故填are exploring。
40. 考查形容词。句意：无论你是在探寻历史街巷、品尝本地风味，还是欣赏现代奇观，天津都将为你带
来一场难忘的旅程——它架起了东西方的桥梁，也连通了过去与未来。此空应为形容词修饰名词
journey，根据语境可知，此处应为“难忘的”。故填unforgettable。
05（2025·广东·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
To mark the 60th anniversary (周年) of the Xizang Autonomous Region, a grand drone light show was held
beside Tangra Yumco Lake at an altitude of over 4,600 meters, which 41 (know) for its breathtaking
scenery and extreme weather.
Organized by local authorities, the event 42 (feature) hundreds of drones to form fascinating light
images of wild animals, ancient carvings, and patterns from traditional clothing. These designs were 43
(impressive) crafted to demonstrate regional beauty and the spirit of modern innovation.
44 (equip) with high-altitude propellers (推进器) and cold-resistant batteries, the drones flew
smoothly through strong winds, low pressure, and 45 (freeze) temperatures that would normally make
such a performance nearly possible. With all safety checks finished, the final practice started under the watch of
experienced workers, adjusting tools and checking lights to 46 (sure) the show ran well.
Wang, who led the team, said the performance proved that technology could support cultural storytelling
even 47 the most challenging environments. He further explained that such creative efforts pave the way
for future development of tourism in remote areas, 48 new forms of cultural expression can bring lasting
value.
It was more than a light display — it offered locals 49 deep sense of pride and drew national
attention. This event went far beyond entertainment, connecting tradition with the future and bringing fresh energy
into rural 50 (grow).
【答案】41. is known 42. featured 43. impressively 44. Equipped 45. freezing 46. ensure 47. in 48.
where 49. a 50. growth
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了在西藏自治区成立60 周年之际，在海拔4600 多米的当惹雍错
湖畔举行的一场无人机灯光秀，该活动不仅展示了区域之美和现代创新精神，还为偏远地区旅游业的未来
发展铺平了道路，提供了新的文化表达形式。
41. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：为纪念西藏自治区成立60 周年，一场盛大的无人机灯光秀在海拔
4600 多米的当惹雍错湖畔举行，该湖以其令人叹为观止的风景和极端天气而闻名。be known for 为固定短
语，意为“因……而闻名”；分析句子并根据语意可知，空格处作非限制性定语从句的谓语，此处是在陈
述事实，应用一般现在时，主语which 指代先行词Tangra Yumco Lake，为单数，be 动词应用is。故填is
known。
42. 考查时态。句意：此次活动由当地政府组织，以数百架无人机组成的野生动物、古代雕刻和传统服饰
图案的迷人光影为特色。根据语境可知，此处是在描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词
feature 用过去式，意为“以……为特色”。故填featured。
43. 考查副词。句意：这些设计令人印象深刻，展示了区域之美和现代创新精神。修饰动词crafted，应用
impressive 的副词形式impressively 作状语，意为“令人印象深刻地”。故填impressively。
44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些无人机配备了高空螺旋桨和耐寒电池，能够在强风、低气压和严寒的环
境中平稳飞行，而通常情况下，这样的环境条件会使这种飞行表现几乎无法实现。句中已有谓语动词
flew，且空格前无其它连词，所以此处应用equip 的非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语drones 之间为被动
关系，所以应用其过去分词作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Equipped。
45. 考查形容词。句意：这些无人机配备了高空螺旋桨和耐寒电池，能够在强风、低气压和严寒的环境中
平稳飞行，通常情况下，这样的环境条件会使这种飞行表现几乎可能实现。修饰名词temperatures 用形容
词freezing，故填freezing。
46. 考查动词。句意：在所有安全检查完成后，最后的演练在经验丰富的工作人员的监督下开始进行，他
们调整工具、检查灯光，以确保表演顺利进行。后跟名词show 作宾语，应用动词ensure，且为不定式作
目的状语。故填ensure。
47. 考查介词。句意：带领该团队的王表示，此次表现证明，即便在最艰难的环境中，技术也能助力文化
故事的传播。此处表示在某种环境中，应用介词in。故填in。
48. 考查定语从句。句意：他进一步解释道，此类创新举措为偏远地区的旅游业未来发展铺平了道路，在
这些地区，新的文化表现形式能够带来持久的价值。空处引导的为非限制性定语从句，先行词为remote
areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 来引导。故填where。
49. 考查冠词。句意：这远不止是一场简单的灯光秀——它让当地民众深感自豪，并吸引了全国的关注。a
sense of pride 为固定搭配，意为“自豪感”，形容词deep 用来修饰sense，且为辅音音素开头的单词，应
用不定冠词a 来限定，表示“一种深深的自豪感”。故填a。
50. 考查名词。句意：这次活动的意义远不止于娱乐本身，它将传统与未来相连接，并为农村的发展注入
了新的活力。作介词的宾语，用名词growth。故填growth。
06（25-26 高三上·广西·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dr. Jane Goodall, the world-renowned ethologist and primatologist(灵长类动物学家), passed away on October
1, 2025 in California during her U.S. speaking tour, according to a statement from the Jane Goodall Institute. Born
in 1934 and raised in London, Dr. Goodall devoted her life to 51 (study) wildlife, a passion that began in
her childhood and never faded.
Her most celebrated discovery, which fundamentally altered our understanding of the animal kingdom, was
52 chimpanzees use and make tools. This finding, once thought to be a uniquely human trait, contributed
significantly 53 evolutionary biology. However, as chimpanzee populations alarmingly faced 54
(extinct) due to habitat loss and hunting, Dr. Goodall 55 (shift) her focus from research to conservation
after 1986.
She began traveling 56 (extensive), often spending over 300 days a year on the road for more than
three decades. With permission from local authorities, she visited schools worldwide, where she urged young
people 57 (take) immediate action. “I must work with 58 youth,” she often stated, “to raise a
new generation that will better care for our planet before 59 is too late.”
Her global lectures and educational programs inspired countless 60 (individual) to reflect on their
own role and play a part in environmental protection, leaving behind a lasting legacy not just of scientific knowledge,
but of profound responsibility for the Earth.
【答案】51. studying 52. that 53. to 54. extinction 55. shifted 56. extensively 57. to take 58. the 59.
it 60. individuals
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了著名的灵长类动物学家和环保主义者珍·古道尔博士的生平、
科学成就、环保活动以及她的个人品质和影响力。
51. 考查非谓语动词。句意：古道尔博士1934 年出生，在伦敦长大，她毕生致力于野生动物研究，这份热
情始于童年，且从未消退。devote...to...，是固定短语，表示“致力于”，其中 to 是介词，后接动词时需
用动名词形式。故填studying。
52. 考查名词性从句。句意：她最著名的发现从根本上改变了我们对动物界的认知，那就是黑猩猩会使用
和制造工具。空格位于系动词 was 之后，需要连词引导一个表语从句。从句成分齐全，句意完整，故用连
接词 that 引导，且不可省略。故填that。
53. 考查固定搭配。句意：这一发现曾被认为是人类独有的特征，为进化生物学做出了重大贡献。
contribute to...“对……做出贡献”是固定搭配，故填to。
54. 考查名词。句意：然而，由于栖息地丧失和狩猎，黑猩猩种群面临着令人担忧的灭绝危机，1986 年后，
古道尔博士将工作重心从研究转向了保护。动词face 后需要接名词作宾语，extinct 是形容词，其名词形式
为 extinction，不可数名词。故填extinction。
55. 考查动词时态。句意同上。句中有明确的过去时间状语after 1986，描述过去发生的动作，因此谓语动
词需用一般过去时。故填shifted。
56. 考查副词。句意：三十多年来，她开始频繁出行，每年往往有300 多天都在奔波途中。空格处需要修饰
动词 traveled，因此需将形容词extensive 变为副词extensively。故填extensively。
57. 考查非谓语动词。句意：经地方当局许可，她走访了世界各地的学校，在那里她呼吁年轻人立即采取
行动。urge sb. to do sth.“敦促某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to take。
58. 考查冠词。句意：“我必须和年轻人一起努力，” 她常说，“在一切为时已晚之前，培养出更懂得关
爱地球的新一代。”youth 在此处意为“年轻人(集体)”，是特指她所要合作的“年轻一代”，故用定冠词
the 表特指。故填the。
59. 考查代词。句意同上。空格处需要作形式主语，指代后面隐含的或不言自明的情况(“为时已晚”这件
事)，故用代词 it。故填it。
60. 考查名词的单复数。句意：她的全球演讲和教育项目激励了无数人反思自身的角色，并投身环境保护
事业。她留下的宝贵遗产，不仅是科学知识，更有对地球的深切责任感。空格前有 countless(无数的)修饰，
后面的可数名词individual 必须用复数形式作宾语。故填individuals。
