专题29 清北生易错题档案及变式训练1-词类转换 解析版
目录
板块一：易错题分类归纳11 组
板块二：单句填空词类转换40 例
板块三：语法填空综合训练4 篇
板块一：易错题分类归纳11 组
易错题1：名词后缀加-ance 还是-ence
高考真题：(2025 全国I 卷) “You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your 59
(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei.
变式：给出下列单词的名词形式
1.exist→存在
2.prefer→偏爱
3.perform→表现；表演
4.accept→接受；接纳
5.assist→帮助；协助
6.refer→参考；提及
7.occur→发生；事件
8.attend→出席；出勤
9.guide→指导；引导
10.persist→坚持；毅力
11.resist→阻止；抵抗
12.appear→外貌；外观
易错题2：名词变形容词加-ic
高考真题：(2025 全国I 卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 63
(strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings,
sculptures, digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
变式：给出下列单词的形容词形式
1.history→有历史意义的
2.science→科学的
3.base→基本的；基础的
4.hero→英雄的；英勇的
5.drama→戏剧性的；突然的
6.art →艺术的；有艺术天赋的
7.energy→精力充沛的
8.poet→诗的；有诗意的
9.symbol→象征的；象征性的
10.economy→经济的
11.strategy→战略性的，策略的
12.geography→地理的
易错题3：名词变形容词加-al
高考真题1：(2025全国II卷) Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his
family, where bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 57
(center) heating doesn’t exist.
高考真题2：(2024 新课标I 卷) The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57
(function) structure that is also beautiful.
变式：给出下列单词的形容词形式
1.education→有教育意义的
2.origin→原始的；原创的
3.emotion→情感的；情绪的
4.globe→全球的
5.economy→经济的；节约的
6.agriculture→农业的
7.industry→工业的
8.accident→意外的；偶然的
9.benefit→有益的；有利的
10.finance→金融的；财务的
11.grammar→语法的
12.theory→理论的
易错题4：名词变形容词加-ous
高考真题：(2023 浙江I 月卷) The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 61 (space) homes and
walled gardens.
变式：给出下列单词的形容词形式
1.danger→危险的
2.courage→勇敢的
3.mystery→神秘的
4.ambition→有雄心的
5.caution→谨慎的
6.glory→光荣的；辉煌的
7.joy→快乐的
8.mountain→多山的
9.space→宽敞的
10.poison→有毒的
11.advantage→有利的
12.adventure→爱冒险的；冒险的
易错题5：形容词变名词变-cy
高考真题：(2020 新课标卷)Historical 64 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
变式：给出下列单词的名词形式
1.accurate→准确性；精确性
2.adequate→充足；适当
3.private-→隐私；私密
4.efficient→效率；效能
5.fluent→流利；流畅
6.frequent→频率；频繁
7.emergent→紧急情况
易错题6：名词变形容词加-y
高考真题1：(2023 新课标II 卷) Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling
wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street
food.
高考真题2：(2020 新课标卷) In the 18th and 19th centuries, 56 (wealth) people travelled and collected
plants, historical objects and works of art.
变式：给出下列单词的形容词形式
1.sun→晴朗的；阳光充足的
2.snow→下雪的；积雪的
3.fog→有雾的；模糊的
4.ice→冰冷的；结冰的
5.noise→吵闹的；嘈杂的
6.mess→凌乱的；混乱的
7.taste→美味的；可口的
8.smell→有臭味的；发臭的
9.sugar→含糖的；甜的
10.juice→多汁的；湿润的
11.guilt→有罪的；内疚的
12.greed→贪婪的；贪心的
易错题7：动词变名词加-tion
高考真题1：(2025 浙江I 月卷) Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them
outright, providing a less expensive 61 (solve) to one-time event dressing.
高考真题2：(2024 全国甲卷) They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 68 (complete )
of their journey.
变式：给出下列单词的名词形式
1.adapt→适应；改编
2.apply→申请；应用
3.assume→假设；承担
4.classify→分类；类别
5.combine→结合；组合
6.compete→竞争；比赛
7.consume→消费；消耗
8.consider→考虑；关心
9.define→定义；释义
10.describe→描述；描写
11.destroy→破坏；毁灭
12.explain→解释；说明
13.form→形成；结构
14. found 地基；基础
15.imagine→想象；想象力
16.interpret→翻译；理解
17.introduce→介绍；引入
18.observe→观察；观测
19.occupy→职业；占有；占领
20.pronounce→发音
21.recognize→承认；认可
22.relax→放松；休闲
23.wide→宽度
24.wise→智慧；聪明
易错题8：动词变名词特殊变化
高考真题1：(2021 新课标II 卷) A company 64 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was
switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
高考真题2：(2020 全国I 卷) Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
高考真题3：(2019 全国I 卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings
around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing.
变式：给出下列单词的名词形式
1.acquaint→相识；熟人
2.admit→承认；准许进入
3.allow→津贴；补助
4.anxious→焦虑；渴望
5.argue→争论，辩论
6.bore→无聊；厌烦
7.compare→比较；对照
8.complain→抱怨；投诉
9.conclude→结论；结束
10.confuse→混乱；困惑
11.cruel→残忍；残酷
12.curious→好奇心
13.depart→离开，启程
14.deep→深度；深奥
15.disturb→扰乱，干扰
16.diverse→多样化，种类
17.enter 入口；进入
18.enthusiastic→热情
19.equal→平等；均等
20.expand→拓展；膨胀
21.generous→慷慨；大方
22.high→高度；身高
23.injure→伤害；损伤
24.just→正义；公平
25.laugh→笑；笑声
26.long→长度；时间长短
27.major→多数；大多数
28.necessary→必要性；必需品
29.participat→e 参与者；参加者
30.permit→允许；同意
31.persuade→说服；劝说；信念
32.popular→流行；受欢迎
33.poor→贫穷
34.propose→建议；提议
35.refuse→拒绝
36.remind→用于提醒的人或物
37.remove→建议；提议
38.secure→安全；保障；证券
39.similar→相似性；类似点
40.tend→趋势
41.various→多样；种类
42.wise→智慧；聪明
易错题9：形容词变副词加-ly
高考真题1：(2025 全国I 卷) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic
placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,
65 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
高考真题2：(2021 新课标II 卷) So, what are they learning? 63 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life.
高考真题2：(2020 全国III 卷) As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless
by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
变式：背默下列单词的副词
1.一般形容词直接加-ly
careful→carefully 小心地
beautiful→beautifully(美丽地
strong→strongly 强烈地
exact→exactly 精确地
2.以-y 结尾的形容词变y 为i 加-ly
happy→happily 快乐地
heavy→heavily 沉重地
angry→angrily 生气地
busy→busily 忙碌地
易错提醒：shy→shyly 害羞地
3.以-ic 结尾的词形容词加-ally
basic→basically 基本上
tragic→tragically 悲剧性地
scientific→scientifically 科学上
enthusiastic→enthusiastically 热情地
易错提醒：public-publicly
4.以-ll 结尾形容词只须加- y
full→fully 充分地
dull→dully 枯燥地
5.以-ing 结尾形容词直接加-ly
amazing→ amazingly 令人惊叹地
interesting→ interestingly 有趣地
surprising→ surprisingly 令人惊讶地
increasing→ increasingly 令人惊讶地
6.以-ed 结尾形容词直接加-ly
excited→ excitedly 兴奋地
repeated→repeatedly 反复地
hurried→ hurriedly 匆忙地
admit→admittedly 无可否认地
7.以-le 结尾的形容词去e 加-ly
gentle→gently 温和地
simple→simply 仅仅；简直
possible→possibly 可能地
comfortable→ comfortably 舒适地
易错提醒：whole-wholly 全部地
8.以-e 结尾的形容词直接加-ly
definite→definitely 明确地
extreme→extremely 极其
fortunate→fortunately 幸运地
complete→completely 完全地
accurate→accurately 准确地
appropriate→appropriately 适当地
deliberate→deliberately 故意地
desperate→desperately 绝望地
易错提醒：true-truly 真实地
易错题10：形容词变副词加-ly
高考真题1：（2023 浙江1 月卷）Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and __________ (simple)in design
and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
高考真题2：（2022 北京卷）That’s a big problem and it is getting even _________ (bad). The use of those plastics
has increased by 300% since 2019.
高考真题3：（2021 新课标I 卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the
____________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
变式：背默下列单词的比较级和最高级
1.一般在形容词或副词后面直接加–er 变为比较级，加–est 变为最高级。
fast—faster—fastest
small—smaller—smallest
2.以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写该辅音字母，再加-er 变为比较级，加 –est 变
为最高级。
big—bigger—biggest
thin—thinner—thinnest
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改y 为i 再加-er 变为比较级，加–est 变为最高级。
pretty—prettier—prettiest
early—earlier—earliest
4.以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加–r 变为比较级，加–st 变为最高级。
large—larger—largest
wise—wiser—wisest
5.多音节及某些双音节形容词或副词常在其前加more 变为比较级，加 most 变为最高级。
important—more important—most important beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
6.比较级和最高级不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
备注
good/well
better 更好
best 最好
注意区分形容词还是副词
bad/ ill/badly
worse 更糟糕
worst 最糟糕
注意原级有三个
little
less 更少
least 最少
注意few 是规则变化
many/much
more 更多
most 最多
注意区分修饰可数还是不可数名词
far
farther 更远
further 最远
强调距离
further 更深入
furthest 最深入
强调程度
late
later 更晚的
latest 最晚的
强调时间
latter 后者
last 最后
强调顺序
old
older 年长者
oldest 最年长的
强调任意范围比较
elder 年长者
eldest 最年长的
只作定语，且修饰brother, sister 等词
易错题11：动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化
高考真题1：(2025 全国II 卷) If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 65
(leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
高考真题2：(2024 新课标II 卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60 (inspire)by The Peony
Pavilion, 61 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
高考真题3：(2023 北京卷)When 14 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
变式：背默下列单词的过去式和过去分词
第一组：AAA 型
1.burst- burst - burst，分裂；分开
2.cost-cost-cost，花费；值（钱）
3.hurt-hurt-hurt，伤害；疼痛
4.shut-shut-shut，关闭；关上
5.spread-spread-spread，传播；扩散
6.rid-rid-rid，摆脱；除去
第二组：AAB 型
1.beat-beat-beaten 打败
第三组：ABA 型
1.become-became-become 变成；成为
2.come-came-come 来；到来
3.overcome-overcame-overcome 克服；战胜
4.run-ran-run 跑；奔跑
易错提醒：5.welcome-welcomed-welcomed
第四组：ABB 型
1.bring-brought-brought 带来；拿来
2.build-built-built 建造；建设
3.buy-bought-bought 买；购买
4.catch-caught-caught 抓住；接住
5.dig-dug-dug 挖；挖掘
6.feed-fed-fed 喂养；饲养
7.feel-felt-felt 感觉；觉得
8.fight-fought-fought 打架；战斗
9.find-found-found 找到；发现
10.hear-heard-heard 听见；听说
11.hold-held-held 握住；拿住
12.keep-kept-kept 保持；维持
13.lay-laid-laid 放置；下蛋
14.leave-left-left 离开；留下
15.lend-lent-lent 借出；借给
16.lose-lost-lost 丢失；失去
17.mean-meant-meant 意思是；意味着
18.meet-met-met 遇见；会面
19.pay-paid-paid 支付；付款
20.sell-sold-sold 卖；销售
第五组：ABC 型
1.arise-arose-arisen 出现；升起
2.begin-began-begun 开始
3.bite-bit-bitten 咬；叮咬
4.blow-blew-blown 吹；刮风
5.break-broke-broken 打破；打碎
6.choose-chose-chosen 选择；挑选
7.drink-drank-drunk 喝；饮
8.drive-drove-driven 驾驶；开车
9.eat-ate-eaten 吃
10.fall-fell-fallen 落下；跌倒
11.fly-flew-flown 飞；飞行
12.forget-forgot-forgotten 忘记；遗忘
13.forgive-forgave-forgiven 原谅；宽恕
14.freeze-froze-frozen 结冰；冻结
15.grow-grew-grown 生长；种植
16.hide-hid-hidden 隐藏；躲藏
17.lie-lay-lain 躺；平放
18.mistake-mistook-mistaken 弄错；误解
19.ride-rode-ridden 骑；乘
20.ring-rang-rung 响；鸣响
21.see-saw-seen 看见；看到
22.shake-shook-shaken 摇晃；抖动
23.speak-spoke-spoken 说；讲语言
24.steal-stole-stolen 偷；偷窃
25.swim-swam-swum 游泳
26.take-took-taken 拿；带走
27.tear-tore-torn 撕破；撕裂
28.throw-threw-thrown 扔；投掷
29.wear-wore-worn 穿；戴
30.write-wrote-written 写；书写
板块二：单句填空词类转换40 例
1. The personal details of every soldier are clearly stated on the (register) form.
2. It was the (short) of funds that led to the company’s internal problems.
3. Their (assume) that the project was something entirely new proved to be untrue.
4. Thick fog affected roads and (visible) was poor, so drivers were advised to slow down and turn on
their fog lights.
5. Nowadays, facial (recognise) has been on the rise at some public places in big cities.
6. Within the ant colony, the complex (divide) of labor, which comes from a natural drive, guides all tasks
from searching for food to caring for the young.
7. The company’s (commit) to providing quality at a reasonable price is vital to its success.
8. The film (adapt) of the novel stayed true to the original’s spirit.
9. The (expand) of the factory will create more jobs.
10. Helmets can provide cyclists with a true sense of (secure).
11. They didn’t see eye to eye with each other on the new design, which turned out a heated (argue).
12. He gave a brief (describe) of the traffic accident.
13. We all watched with (embarrass) when Mr. Rogers started to cry.
14. Don’t hide your (anxious) when you face difficulties.
15. The team will finish the final (evaluate) of this software’s functions by next Friday.
16. What earned her people’s love and respect was her (generous) and kindness.
17. China’s peaceful and rapid development is a (bless) to the world instead of a threat.
18. To be frank, the fireworks going off throughout the night were really an (annoy).
19. The company is the world’s (destroy) of tropical forests.
20. The (storm) period of adolescence will pass and be replaced by a fulfilling adulthood.
21. Einstein was not only a genius; he was a (courage) and kind figure loved by many people.
22. The book store hosts weekly reading clubs and its (formal) atmosphere enables readers to share
their thoughts freely.
23. My New Year’s resolution is to prioritize a (balance) diet over convenience food, even during the
most stressful weeks of exam season.
24. Next time if you feel unsatisfied with your life, please think of those less (fortune) than yourselves,
and you will feel blessed to live in such a peaceful country.
25. At the sight of the (delight) scene, the children shouted in delight.
26. The (fiction) character from the classic novel was portrayed so vividly in the play that audiences
forgot he wasn’t real.
27. You need to make a (continue) effort to train your mind and develop your character.
28. He looks much (fat) than he used to be.
29. The (ripe) and fuller the rice is, the lower its head bows.
30. That alley is the (narrow) street in the entire old town.
31. It’s (incredible) hot today — even the dogs are lying still in the shade.
32. I (full) understand the meaning of this decision.
33. It is (common) believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing, the capital of the Northern
Song Dynasty.
34. There’re some mistakes in the essay, but (basic) it’s logical and persuasive.
35. Anna had woken even (early) than usual.
36. He didn’t understand the (puzzle) question, so there was a (puzzle) expression on his
face.
37. She wrote the figures on the paper with amazing (accurate).
38. Recently he put forward a new theory on the (acquire) of immunity, which soon became a hit online.
39. My parents gave me much (free) to do whatever I liked.
40. By my fourth year, my (desperate) to succeed overshadowed my desire for independence.
板块三：语法填空综合训练4 篇
（25-26 高三上·江西赣州·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
On September 3, 2025, China held a grand military parade in Beijing 1 (mark) the 80th anniversary of
the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.
The parade, organized in the name of the nation, 2 (take) place along Chang’an Avenue and was watched by
millions of people across the country.
It was not only a look back at those years of fire and blood, but also 3 strong message to the world:
China was committed to peace and ready to build a community with a 4 (share) future for mankind.
Soldiers and modern equipment displayed on Tian’anmen Square demonstrated 5 (China) determination
to safeguard the post-war international order. Among them, the Dongfeng-5C, the latest and most advanced liquid-
fuelled intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs 液体洲际导弹), emerged to the world 6 the first time. The
spirit of the Chinese people during the 14-year resistance war, 7 had cost more than 35 million lives, was
remembered in every formation that passed the rostrum (指挥台). By 8 (honor) the martyrs (烈士), the parade
reminded everyone that peace was not given, but earned through great sacrifice.
In addition to Chinese troops, representatives from 17 countries 9 (invite) to join the marching contingents
(代表团), showing the world’s shared desire for peace. When the national anthem was played, every citizen felt the
solemnity (庄严) of the moment and the 10 (responsible) to carry forward the hard-won peace.
（25-26 高三上·安徽·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A visit to the Qianmen Street in downtown Beijing might lead you to a small shop in the Yangmeizhu Byway
in the Dashilar area, a famous ancient commercial zone 11 is a main tourist attraction today. Beijing
Postcards founded by the Danish Lars Ulrik Thom sells cultural creative products with historical 12 (element).
As a gallery on Beijing’s history, the shop has become a communication space 13 (connect) residents and tourists
with the memory of old Beijing.
When he first arrived in Beijing in 1996, Thom 14 (attract) by what he saw. Having a strong
interest in Chinese history, Thom decided to stay in Beijing and explore its history and culture.
Thom chose 15 (collect) information initially from public spaces like scenic spots and museums
and explore the hutongs to obtain the oral history from local people. The residents recalled their daily lives from their
old photos, which helped Thom understand 16 historical changes affected people’s daily life. To
introduce the history of Beijing to more people in 17 new form, Thom and his friends opened Beijing
Postcards, selling postcards, calendars, and puzzles from the old photos and maps they collected. 18 addition,
he organized theme activities to share old stories 19 (base) on Beijing’s history and his own experiences.
20 (current), Thom and his team are working on a book about the history of Dashilar, aiming to tell more
people about the vitality of this area in different periods.
（25-26 高三上·广东·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Focus: China’s upscale ice creams melting hearts of consumers
Once just a simple way to cool off, ice cream is seeing a surge of new varieties to meet the expanding tastes
and preferences of Chinese consumers since its first appearance.
On the Chinese lifestyle-sharing app known internationally as RedNote, many users have posted appealing
images of upscale ice creams 21 various shapes, ranging from blooming flowers to fresh fruits, each of 22
is the result of delicate craftsmanship. 23 (comment) such as “adorable” and “too pretty to eat” are very
common in these posts.
Favored by today’s consumers, especially young people, such ice creams 24 (become) commonplace
in souvenir shops at tourist attractions across China since their first appearance. Handan Museum, a well-known
tourist site in Hebei in April introduced creative ice creams that drew inspiration from two precious artifacts 25
(house) in the museum. “Blind boxes” containing randomly flavored ice creams are also on sale to attract customers.
The museum’s ice creams have been 26 hit among visitors since their launch, with over 100 sold daily
this summer. Food industry analyst Zhu Danpeng believes the 27 (emerge) of these visually appealing ice
creams reflects a thirst for emotional and 28 (spirit) well-being in consumption.
The shift to healthy eating has spurred changes in the industry. Traditional ice cream makers are adjusting their
ingredients 29 unveiling new products in response to evolving needs, while new brands are winning
customers by labeling themselves as producers of handcrafted and 30 (fresh) made ice creams.
（25-26 高三上·四川南充·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
China began a military spectacle (壮观场面) on Wednesday that rumbled through the ceremonial heart of the
capital, 31 (feature) fighter jets, tanks and the latest in Chinese military technology in the country’s most
ambitious display of power and diplomatic reach in years.
The parade (阅兵) , 32 honors the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II recast China’s role
in that conflict.
“This great victory 33 (full) demonstrates that the people are the creators of history and the true
34 (hero) , that the Chinese nation possesses tenacious vitality and extraordinary creativity, and that the
Communist Party of China is the most reliable backbone of the Chinese people 35 the Chinese nation; ”
the party’s mouthpiece, People’s Daily, said in an editorial on Wednesday.
“The 36 (strong) China grows, the more secure the world 37 (be) , ” the official Xinhua News
Agency said in a commentary this week. “The Chinese nation will not allow 38 (it) to be humiliated or
bullied again, as it was by imperialist powers in the past. ”
The parade was expected 39 (display) new ship-destroying missiles and 40 array (阵
列) of weaponry—including undersea drones and crewless combat planes—that highlight China’s investments in
military innovation.
