北师大高中英语必修一P52课本精讲

一、ACTIVATE AND SHARE 板块逐句 + 短语解析

1. What does Spring Festival mean to you? What words immediately come to mind for describing its meaning?

✅翻译：春节对你来说意味着什么？你会立刻想到哪些词来描述它的意义？🔤短语：come to mind 浮现在脑海中（阅读高频）describe its meaning 描述它的意义📌语法：一般现在时，用于提出常态化问题；what 引导特殊疑问句

时态提示：本句是现在时，和后文故事的过去时态形成对比，高考常考时态切换！

2. How do you and your family celebrate Spring Festival? Use the phrases to help you.

✅翻译：你和家人如何庆祝春节？用下面短语来作答。📌语法：一般现在时，询问习惯性活动

1. have a family gathering 家庭团聚gathering n. 聚会；词根：gather v. 聚集拓展：gather together 聚集在一起
2. get together 相聚，团聚（读后续写高频）
3. prepare snacks 准备小吃prepare v. 准备 → preparation n. 准备
4. make dumplings 包饺子make 不规则变化：make-made-made（过去式 / 过去分词，必考）
5. put up decorations 张贴装饰品put up 张贴；搭建；put 不规则变化：put-put-putdecoration n. 装饰品 → decorate v. 装饰
6. let off fireworks 燃放烟花let off 燃放；let 不规则变化：let-let-let

✅翻译：我们家一起包饺子庆祝春节。🔤短语：by doing sth 通过做某事（方式状语，语法填空高频）📌语法：一般现在时；by 是介词，后面 + doing，改错常错写成 to do

3. Read the three readers' accounts. Use a few words to summarise the meaning of Spring Festival for each account. Give your reasons.

✅翻译：阅读三位读者的记述。用几个词概括每位读者眼中春节的意义，并说明理由。🔤短语：readers' accounts 读者记述（account n. 记述；描述；账户，熟词生义！高考重点）summarise the meaning 概括含义give your reasons 说明理由📌语法：祈使句，动词原形开头

✅翻译：编者按：春节是中国一项重要传统。它有着独特的意义。然而人们对它的理解各不相同，包括来自其他文化的人。下面是投给本刊的三篇读者记述，读者们在文中分享了他们的经历和看法。🔤高频词 & 短语：tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的unique adj. 独特的（无比较级，改错高频：不能加 more unique）differently adv. 不同地 → different adj. → difference n. 差异other cultures 其他文化share experiences 分享经历📌语法重点：

1. in which 引导非限制性定语从句（介词 + which，河南高考语法填空、短文改错超级高频）
2. shared 是 share 的一般过去式，讲述过去投稿、分享这件事，后文 Tom 的故事全部扎根过去时态体系！

时态考点提醒：整篇记叙文主体为一般过去时，是本节课核心语法主线

图片精讲参考

二、Tom Jenkins 记叙文逐句精讲｜重点深挖过去相关语法

句 1 It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family.

✅翻译：这是我第一次和寄宿家庭在中国过春节。🔤短语：It was one’s first time doing sth 某人第一次做某事host family 寄宿家庭📌【过去时态核心考点】was 是 is/am 的一般过去式；固定句型 It was…doing，was 决定时态为过去，后面 doing 是非谓语，不是过去进行时！⚠️易错：不要写成 to do；It is the first time that + 现在完成时 / It was the first time that + 过去完成时（同句型变形，高考区分考点）🔤词形：host n. 主人；hostess n. 女主人

句 2 Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.

✅翻译：春节被每个中国家庭高度重视。🔤短语：be valued by 被…… 重视；think highly of 高度评价📌语法：一般现在时被动（客观常识，不受故事过去时态影响！高考最爱考：叙事里插入客观真理、常识，时态变回一般现在时）🔤词形：value v. 重视 n. 价值 → valuable adj. 宝贵的；valueless adj. 无价值的

句 3 Preparations began a week before the festival.

✅翻译：春节前一周，准备工作就开始了。🔤短语：make preparations for 为…… 做准备📌【一般过去时】began 是 begin 的过去式（begin-began-begun，不规则动词，语法填空必考变形）🔤词形：prepare v. 准备 → preparation n. 准备（多用复数 preparations）

句 4 First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.

✅翻译：首先，房子被从上到下打扫干净。🔤短语：from top to bottom 从上到下；彻底地（读后续写）📌【一般过去时被动语态：was/were + done】was cleaned：一般过去被动，描述过去被打扫这个动作；主语 the house 单数，用 was

时态对比：主动：They cleaned the house.（一般过去主动）

句 5 My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.

✅翻译：我的寄宿妈妈陈夫人说，这是为了扫走旧年的尘土，为新年做好准备。🔤短语：sweep away 扫除；get ready for 为…… 做准备📌【过去时态链式考点】

1. said 是 say 的一般过去式，主句过去时 → 宾语从句时态向后推移，is→was（时态呼应，短文改错高频）
2. to sweep… 不定式表目的，and 并列 to sweep 和 (to) get ready，第二个 to 可以省略
3. sweep 不规则：sweep-swept-swept🔤词形：dirt n. 灰尘 → dirty adj. 脏的

句 6 Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.

✅翻译：接下来，汉字 “福” 被倒着贴在前门上。🔤短语：be attached to 贴在；依附于；upside down 颠倒，倒置📌【一般过去时被动 was attached】attach 是及物动词，过去分词 attached；讲述过去贴福这个动作，过去被动🔤词根：at-(加强)+tach (拴)；变形：attachment n. 附件

句 7 It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.

✅翻译：人们认为，福字倒贴，福气到来。🔤短语：It is believed that… 人们认为（写作万能主语从句）📌语法：一般现在时！又是常识谚语，脱离故事过去背景，时态切换，高考时态辨析经典坑点

对比：如果改成当时大家相信，才会写成 It was believed that…

句 8 The character looked really cool.

✅翻译：这个字看起来真的很酷。📌【一般过去时 + 系动词】looked 是 look 的过去式，感官系动词，后面接形容词 cool 作表语，不能用 coolly

时态逻辑：Tom 当时看到福字，是过去的感受，所以 looked，不是 looks

句 9 The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival.

✅翻译：最激动人心的时刻在除夕夜到来。📌【一般过去时】began（begin 过去式），叙事主线过去时🔤词形：excite v. 使激动 → excitement n. 兴奋；excited adj.（人）激动的；exciting adj.（物）令人激动的

句 10 Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.

✅翻译：全城到处都在燃放烟花，瞬间点亮夜空。🔤短语：let off 燃放；light up 点亮；露出喜色📌【⭐重点难点：过去进行时被动 were being done 河南高考语法填空、改错高频】were being let off：过去进行时被动，强调过去某个时间段，烟花正在被燃放结构：was/were + being + 过去分词✅对比区分 3 组易混过去时态：①一般过去被动：were let off（过去放过烟花，只陈述事实）②过去进行主动：People were letting off fireworks（人们当时正在放烟花）③过去进行被动：Fireworks were being let off（烟花当时正在被燃放）后半句 lighting up：现在分词作结果状语，非谓语，不是谓语，不参与时态🔤词形：let 不规则 let-let-let；firework n. 烟花（常用复数 fireworks）

句 11 Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.

✅翻译：孩子们捂住耳朵，脸上却带着期待的神情。🔤短语：with an expectant look on one’s face 脸上带着期待的神情（读后续写神态高分句）📌【过去进行时：were + doing】were covering：过去进行时！强调除夕夜放烟花那个瞬间，孩子们当时正在捂住耳朵，突出画面感，和上一句 were being let off 时间同步，同时发生

时态考点区分：一般过去时 covered（过去捂了耳朵，动作结束）；过去进行 were covering（当时正捂着）🔤词形：expect v. 期待 → expectant adj. 期待的；expectation n. 期待；unexpected adj. 出乎意料的

句 12 Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.

✅翻译：陈夫人说，这是为了吓跑怪兽年。🔤短语：scare away 吓跑📌【主句过去时 said，宾语从句时态后退 is→was】，和第 5 句考点一致，时态呼应🔤词形：scare v. 惊吓 → scared adj. 感到害怕的；scary adj. 吓人的

句 13 The fireworks were a lot of fun!

✅翻译：烟花特别有意思！📌【一般过去时】were，主语 fireworks 复数，描述当时的感受⚠️辨析：fun（不可数名词乐趣）；funny（adj. 滑稽好笑的），改错常混

句 14 We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.

✅翻译：随后我们坐在一起享用丰盛的年夜饭，祝愿大家新年快乐。🔤短语：sit together 坐在一起；enjoy a big dinner 享用大餐📌【一般过去时 + 非谓语伴随状语】sat 是 sit 的过去式（sit-sat-sat），主句谓语为一般过去时；wishing 是现在分词，做伴随状语，和主语 we 主动关系

时态易错：wishing 不能写成 wished，wished 是谓语动词，一句话不能双谓语！

三、汇总板块（公众号文末，适合背诵、打印）

✅1. 全文必背短语汇总

come to mind 浮现在脑海have a family gathering 家庭团聚get together 相聚prepare snacks 准备小吃make dumplings 包饺子put up decorations 张贴装饰let off fireworks 燃放烟花by doing sth 通过做某事account n. 记述；描述summarise the meaning 概括含义share experiences 分享经历be valued by 被…… 重视from top to bottom 从上到下sweep away 扫除get ready for 为…… 准备be attached to 附属于、贴在upside down 颠倒It is believed that… 人们认为light up 点亮with an expectant look on one’s face 面带期待scare away 吓跑

✅2. 过去时态体系对比（河南高考核心语法）

1. 一般过去时：did /was/were （陈述过去发生、结束的动作）
2. 一般过去被动：was/were done （过去被……）
3. 过去进行时：was/were doing （过去某个时刻正在做）
4. 过去进行被动：was/were being done（过去某个时刻正在被……，难点）

黄金规则：主句为一般过去时，宾语从句时态通常向后推移；客观真理、谚语不受故事过去时态限制，用一般现在时

✅3. 词形转换（词根词缀，语法填空）

tradition→traditional；prepare→preparation；value→valuable；excite→excitement/excited/exciting；expect→expectation；scare→scared/scary；decorate→decoration；differ→different→differently→difference

✅4. 高考写作 & 读后续写仿写句型

1. It was my first time doing…仿写：It was my first time watching the lion dance.
2. It is believed that…仿写：It is believed that red brings good luck.
3. 主句过去时，doing 伴随状语：We sat together, chatting happily.
4. 过去进行被动：The bridge was being built at that time.