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难度等级：最基础
1. (2025 全国二卷阅读 C 篇)
Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.
解析：本句为主从复合句。主句核心结构是“Our study showed that...”，that 引导宾语从句，作 showed 的宾语；宾语从句中“for people who were in plant-rich workplaces”是后置定语，修饰 sick leave，其中 who 引导定语从句，限定先行词 people，说明是“处于植物丰富工作环境中的人”。
句意：我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假减少了 30%。
2. (2024 新课标 I 卷阅读 A 篇)
We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.
解析：主句为“We’ll explore beautiful park sites”，while 引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了主语 we 和 be 动词 are，完整形式为“while we are conducting...”；“invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection”是并列名词短语，作 conducting 的宾语。
句意：我们将在探索美丽的公园景点的同时，进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子采集工作。
3. (2023 新课标 I 卷阅读 B 篇)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
解析：When 引导时间状语从句，说明主句动作发生的时间；主句核心结构是“he loved to explore the woods”，“around his house”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 woods；“observing how nature solved problems”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 how 引导宾语从句，作 observing 的宾语。
句意：当 John Todd 还是个孩子时，他喜欢探索家周围的树林，观察大自然如何解决问题。
4. (2022 新高考 I 卷阅读 A 篇)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.
解析：本句是由 but 和 so 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句“Class activities will vary from day to day”为简单句；第二个分句中，“drawn directly from...discussion”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 short in-class writings or tests；so 引导结果状语从句，从句中 it 是形式主语，真正主语是“to take careful notes during class”。
句意：课堂活动每天会有所不同，但学生必须做好准备完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些内容直接来源于指定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记。因此，课堂上认真记笔记非常重要。
5. (2021 新高考 I 卷阅读 A 篇)
The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some.
解析：主句核心结构是“The staff is friendly and helpful”；“providing you with...when you arrive”和“offering advice if you require some”是并列的现在分词短语作伴随状语；两个状语中分别包含 when 引导的时间状语从句和 if 引导的条件状语从句。
句意：工作人员友好且乐于助人，在你到达时会为你提供城市地图，并在你需要时提供建议。
6. (2020 新高考 I 卷阅读七选五)
So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.
解析：本句为主从复合句。主句是祈使句“don’t stop speaking”；when 引导时间状语从句，说明“不要停止说话”的时间场景；unless 引导条件状语从句，相当于“if not”，表示“除非是非常严重的错误”。
句意：所以，当你犯错时不要停止说话，除非这是非常严重的错误。
7. (2019 全国 Ⅲ 卷语法填空)
On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take to get there.
解析：“On our way to the house”是介词短语作状语；主句核心结构是“it was raining so hard that...”，so...that... 引导结果状语从句；从句中“wondering how long it would take to get there”是动名词短语作 couldn’t help 的宾语，其中 how long 引导宾语从句，it 为形式主语，真正主语是“to get there”。
句意：在去往住宅的路上，雨下得如此之大，以致我们不禁纳闷要过多久才能到达那里。
8. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)
If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it a try.
解析：本句是由 if 和 so 连接的复合句。if 引导条件状语从句，说明主句的前提；主句中“to get the same benefits as other sports”是不定式短语作目的状语；“as other sports”是比较状语，修饰 benefits；so 引导结果状语从句，提出建议。
句意：如果你时间紧张，你只需花上做其他运动一半的时间就可以达到同等的锻炼效果，所以或许我们都应该尝试一下。
9. (2017 全国Ⅰ卷阅读七选五)
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.
解析：主句核心结构是“The friends thought that...”；“who introduced me to camping”是定语从句，限定先行词 friends；that 引导宾语从句，作 thought 的宾语，从句中“to be a pioneer”是不定式作 meant 的宾语。
句意：带我接触露营的朋友们认为，露营的意义在于成为开拓者。
10. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读七选五)
When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，When 引导时间状语从句（包含两个并列谓语 have bought 和 arrive），主句是“you’d better store the fish...immediately”，其中 if 引导条件状语从句；第二个分句为简单句，被动语态“should be stored”表示建议。
句意：当你买完鱼回家后，如果不立即烹饪，最好把鱼放在冰箱里保存，但新鲜的鱼只能在冰箱存放一两天。
11. (2025 全国二卷阅读 C 篇)
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.
解析：本句为主从复合句。第一个 if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“who are enjoying...with plants”是定语从句，限定先行词 people；“of surrounding yourself with plants”是介词短语作定语，修饰 benefits；主句是祈使句“don’t beat yourself up”；第二个 if 引导条件状语从句，“doesn’t make it”表示“未能存活”。
句意：如果你正属于因亲近植物而获得身心健康益处的人，就算有一株（或几株）植物没能活下来，也别苛责自己。
12. (2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 C 篇)
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad.
解析：主句核心结构是“having a system...means zero emissions”，“having a system”是动名词短语作主语；“in the same building where it’s eaten”是介词短语作定语，修饰 system，其中 where 引导定语从句，指代 building；“from transporting plants from soil to salad”是介词短语作定语，修饰 zero emissions，说明排放为零的原因。
句意：此外，在同一栋楼里拥有这套系统，意味着免去了植物从田地到餐桌的运输环节，实现零排放。
13. (2023 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)
If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，if 引导条件状语从句，主句是 there be 句型，“near where you live”是介词短语作状语，where 引导宾语从句，作 near 的宾语；第二个分句中，it 是形式主语，真正主语是“to find places...that are relatively wild”，“that are relatively wild”是定语从句，限定先行词 places。
句意：如果你幸运的话，住所附近可能会有口袋公园，但在城市里找到相对原生态的地方并不容易。
14. (2022 全国甲卷阅读七选五)
Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
解析：主句核心结构是“Knowing some tips will help ensure that...”，“Knowing some tips”是动名词短语作主语；that 引导宾语从句，作 ensure 的宾语；破折号后“no matter where you are in the world”是让步状语从句，相当于 wherever 引导的从句，修饰整个宾语从句。
句意：了解一些小技巧能帮你确保和朋友或家人享用愉快的一餐——无论你在世界哪个角落。
15. (2021 全国乙卷阅读七选五)
If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“other than ‘What do you do for a living?’”是介词短语作定语，修饰 question；主句核心结构是“you’ll be able to get...conversation out of...”，“whomever it is you’re talking to”是宾语从句，作 of 的宾语，其中 whomever 在从句中作 to 的宾语。
句意：如果你能抛开“你做什么工作？”这类问题开启对话，就能和交谈的人聊出更有趣的内容。
16. (2020 全国 III 卷语法填空)
One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest work, so that he could choose the best.
解析：本句是由 so 和 so that 连接的复合句。第一个 so 连接两个并列谓语“wanted to get his portrait done”和“called all great artists to come and present their finest work”；第二个 so that 引导目的状语从句，说明“召集艺术家”的目的。
句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画肖像，于是召集所有优秀的艺术家前来展示他们最好的作品，以便他能选出最佳。
17. (2019 全国 Ⅱ 卷完形填空)
If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be willing to go that extra mile.
解析：本句是虚拟语气复合句。if 引导虚拟条件状语从句，从句用“had been”表示与过去事实相反的假设；主句用“would hope”表示相应的虚拟结果；that 引导宾语从句，作 hope 的宾语，“go that extra mile”表示“额外努力、尽力相助”。
句意：如果是我的狗丢了，我会希望有人愿意多帮一把。
18. (2018 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读七选五)
Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
解析：主句核心结构是“Studies found that...”，that 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中包含两个定语从句，“who woke up early for exercise”修饰先行词 people，“who exercised in the evening”修饰先行词 those；“better than”引导比较状语，对比两种锻炼时间的效果。
句意：研究发现，早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡眠质量更好。
19. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读 B 篇)
Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
解析：主句核心结构是“Bradford sold the building and land to...”；“which plans to build...on the land”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a local development firm；“where the theater is located”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the land，where 在从句中作地点状语。
句意：布拉德福德把大楼和土地卖给了当地一家开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建一个综合购物中心。
20. (2016 全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读 A 篇)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today.
解析：本句是虚拟语气复合句。if 引导虚拟条件状语从句，从句用“weren’t”表示与现在事实相反的假设（完整形式为“If it were not for...”）；主句用“might not exist”表示相应的虚拟结果，“If it weren’t for...”表示“要不是……”。
句意：如果不是蕾切尔·卡森，如今的环保运动可能就不会存在。
21. (2025 年 1 月浙江卷阅读七选五)
If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach”是介词短语作状语，列举职业身份；主句核心结构是“you’ll know that...”，that 引导宾语从句；从句中“few better ways...than to teach it”表示比较，强调“教授是学习新知识的好方法”。
句意：如果你曾经做过讲师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，学习新知识最好的方法之一就是把它教给别人。
22. (2024 全国甲卷阅读 A 篇)
Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials.
解析：主句是祈使句“Join Javier Marin...to learn...”，“from the Harvard Museum of Natural History”是介词短语作定语，修饰 Javier Marin；“to learn how...”是不定式短语作目的状语；how 引导宾语从句，从句中“dance, inspire fashion and create art”是并列谓语；“while making your own...craft materials”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，省略了主语 you 和 be 动词 are。
句意：加入哈佛自然历史博物馆的哈维尔·马林，了解昆虫和其他无脊椎动物如何舞动、启发时尚、创造艺术，同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎动物艺术品。
23. (2023 全国乙卷阅读七选五)
Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory.
解析：本句是由“Not only...but (also)...”连接的并列复合句，Not only 位于句首时，第一个分句用部分倒装结构“do they look beautiful”；第二个分句中，that 引导宾语从句，作 shown 的宾语；“by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory”是介词短语作方式状语，说明提升幸福感的途径。
句意：它们不仅看起来漂亮，而且研究表明，它们能通过改善情绪、减轻压力、帮助提升记忆力来促进人们的幸福感。
24. (2022 新高考 II 卷阅读七选五)
After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.
解析：After 引导时间状语从句，从句中“until it is too messy to work from anymore”是时间状语从句，修饰 have revised，“too...to...”表示“太……而不能……”；主句核心结构是“you can enter your changes into...”。
句意：当你把草稿修改到乱得没法再继续时，就可以把修改内容输入到文字处理软件里。
25. (2021 全国甲卷阅读七选五)
Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.
解析：主句是祈使句“Place a few mirrors around your room”；so 引导目的状语从句，说明放镜子的目的；从句中“how things look when they try them on”是宾语从句，作 see 的宾语，其中 when 引导时间状语从句，修饰 look。
句意：在房间里放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到效果。
26. (2020 全国 II 卷阅读七选五)
While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve.
解析：While 引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”；主句中“for those used to working with traditional tools like email”是介词短语作状语，“used to working with...”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 those；it 是形式主语，真正主语是“to feel like a learning curve”，“learning curve”表示“学习曲线、适应过程”。
句意：尽管年轻一代更喜欢视觉化交流，但对于习惯用电子邮件等传统工具的人来说，这可能需要一个适应过程。
27. (2019 全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读七选五)
If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.
解析：本句为主从复合句，包含多个从句嵌套。主句是“then the air is filled with...oxygen”；if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“you’re breathing”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the air；破折号之间是插入语，为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明 the air is clean 的情况，其中又包含一个 if 引导的条件状语从句。
句意：如果你呼吸的空气是干净的——如果你远离城市雾霾，空气就会很干净——那么空气中就充满了赋予生命、充满活力的氧气。
28. (2018 全国 Ⅲ 卷语法填空)
I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
解析：主句核心结构是“I’m not sure who...”，who 引导宾语从句，作 sure 的宾语；从句中“me or the female gorilla”是并列结构，作从句的主语；“that suddenly appears out of nowhere”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the female gorilla，“out of nowhere”表示“突然出现、不知从哪里来”。
句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩。
29. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读七选五)
If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句，从句中包含两个并列分句“someone knocks”和“it’s not an important matter”；主句是并列祈使句“excuse yourself and let the person know...”；“you’re busy”是宾语从句，作 know 的宾语；so 引导结果状语从句，从句中“that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed”是同位语从句，解释先行词 the hint，其中包含 when 引导的时间状语从句。
句意：如果有人敲门且不是重要事情，就礼貌告退，让对方知道你很忙，这样他们就能明白：门关着的时候，你不想被打扰。
30. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空)
It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。第一个分句中，it 是形式主语，真正主语是“anything”，破折号后是并列名词短语，举例说明 anything 的内容；第二个分句中，whatever 引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter what”；主句是祈使句“make sure...”，“it’s a relief...rather than another thing to worry about”是宾语从句，作 make sure 的宾语，“rather than”表示“而不是”。
句意：可以是任何事——园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动——但无论是什么，确保它能帮你缓解日常压力，而不是又一件让你操心的事。
31. (2025 全国一卷完形填空)
We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
解析：主句核心结构是“We had decided..., donated..., and rented...”，三个过去完成时/一般过去时并列作谓语；“for the apartment we were moving to in town”是介词短语作定语，修饰 key items，其中“we were moving to in town”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the apartment；“what we could”是宾语从句，作 donated 的宾语，相当于“what we could donate”；“to store our supposedly important objects”是不定式短语作目的状语，修饰 rented。
句意：我们已经为即将搬进的城里公寓选定了必备物品，能捐的都捐了，还租了地方存放那些我们认为重要的东西。
32. (2024 年 1 月浙江卷语法填空)
Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
解析：本句是由“Either...or...”连接的并列复合句，表示选择关系。第一个分句中“too heavy to carry home”是形容词短语作表语，“too...to...”表示“太……而不能……”；第二个分句中“what you’ve bought”是宾语从句，作 use 的宾语；“while it’s still fresh”是时间状语从句，修饰 can’t use，it 指代 what you’ve bought。
句意：要么买的东西太重拿不回家，要么没法在东西还新鲜的时候用上。
33. (2023 全国甲卷阅读七选五)
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.
解析：本句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，“that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate”是同位语从句，解释说明 belief 的内容，其中“we will tolerate”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the only state；第二个分句中，when 引导时间状语从句，主句是“we get impatient about the circumstances”。
句意：我们很多人都认为，舒适是我们唯一能接受的状态，当我们经历舒适区以外的事情时，就会对环境感到不耐烦。
34. (2022 全国乙卷阅读七选五)
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.
解析：主句是祈使句“Make sure...”；“you have communicated with your friend about...”是宾语从句，作 make sure 的宾语；about 后接两个并列的宾语从句“how frequently each of you wants to be contacted”和“what method works best for you both”，分别表示“联系频率”和“最佳方式”。
句意：一定要和朋友沟通清楚，你们各自希望多久联系一次，以及哪种联系方式对你们俩最合适。
35. (2021 新高考 II 卷语法填空)
I decided that if I learned of a company that used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
解析：主句核心结构是“I decided that...”，that 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中，if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“that used a lot of plastic”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a company；主句“I’d send it an email urging it to cut back”中，“urging it to cut back”是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 email，“cut back”表示“减少、削减”。
句意：我决定，如果得知有大量使用塑料的公司，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用。
36. (2020 新高考 II 卷阅读七选五)
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else you think your doctor should know.
解析：主句核心结构是“Your medical history is a list of...”；of 后接并列名词和从句，包括“your illnesses, treatments”、宾语从句“what the doctors told you to do”以及“anything else you think your doctor should know”，其中“you think your doctor should know”是定语从句，修饰先行词 anything else，省略了关系代词 that。
句意：你的病史清单包括你得过的病、接受过的治疗、医生让你做的事，以及你认为医生应该知道的其他任何信息。
37. (2019 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读七选五)
While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.
解析：While 引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然、尽管”；主句是 there be 句型，“that can arise”是定语从句，修饰先行词 many other situations。
句意：虽然我每项只列了两种，但显然还可能出现很多其他情况。
38. (2018 全国 Ⅱ 卷语法填空)
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
解析：主句核心结构是“The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that...”，that 引导宾语从句；宾语从句中，“between 2005—and 2011”是时间状语，破折号之间是 when 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词 2005，其中“that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a soil-testing program；主句谓语是 dropped，“by 7.7 million tons”表示下降的幅度。
句意：中国农业部发现，从 2005 年——政府启动了一项土壤检测项目，为农民提供具体的施肥建议——到 2011 年，化肥使用量减少了 770 万吨。
难度等级：基础进阶
1. (2025 全国一卷阅读 B 篇)
In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
解析：“In my ninth-grade writing class last year”是介词短语作状语；主句核心结构是“I met a cowboy..., a strict father..., and a modern-day Juliet...”，三个并列名词短语作 met 的宾语；每个宾语后都接有 who 引导的定语从句，分别修饰对应的先行词；最后一个定语从句中“after her parents rejected the love of her young life”是时间状语从句，说明“悲伤致死”的原因。
句意：去年在我九年级的写作课上，我认识了一个拯救了小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子必须全优的严厉父亲，还有一位因父母反对初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。
2. (2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 B 篇)
“You enter the fare gates and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.
解析：本句是直接引语作宾语的复合句。引语部分是由 and 连接的并列句，第一个分句是“You enter the fare gates”，第二个分句是“you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you...”；“that is lit up”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a kiosk；“it tells you can get...”中，“you can get...story”是宾语从句，作 tells 的宾语，省略了连接词 that；“the chief communications officer for...—known as BART”是同位语，解释说明 Alicia Trost 的身份。
句意：旧金山湾区快速交通系统（BART）的首席沟通官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特说：“你检票进站后，会看到一个亮着灯的小亭子，它会告诉你可以选择一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。”
3. (2023 全国甲卷阅读 C 篇)
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context of one thing they can help us do better.
解析：主句核心结构是“Weiner starts...and then frames...”，两个并列谓语表示动作先后；“with a scene on a train ride between cities”是介词短语作状语，说明 start 的方式；“in the context of one thing they can help us do better”是介词短语作状语，修饰 frames；“they can help us do better”是定语从句，修饰先行词 one thing，省略了关系代词 that。
句意：韦纳每一章都以城市间火车旅行的一个场景开头，然后把每位哲学家的思想放在一件能帮我们做得更好的事情的背景下展开。
4. (2022 全国甲卷阅读 A 篇)
This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things.
解析：主句核心结构是“This special building is a place”；“in which theatre is made”和“where children...have the opportunity to do creative things”是并列的定语从句，修饰先行词 a place，in which 相当于 where；“to do creative things”是不定式短语作定语，修饰 opportunity。
句意：这座特别的建筑既是戏剧创作的地方，也是儿童、艺术家、作家和其他所有人有机会进行创意活动的空间。
5. (2021 全国乙卷阅读 B 篇)
Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
解析：“Of those Australians who still have a landline”是介词短语作状语，其中“who still have a landline”是定语从句，修饰先行词 those Australians；主句核心结构是“a third concede that...”，that 引导宾语从句，从句中包含两个并列分句“it’s not really necessary”和“they’re keeping it as a security blanket”；破折号后是补充说明，包含两个并列分句“19 percent say they never use it”和“a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies”，分别说明不同人群保留座机的情况，“in case of emergencies”表示“以备紧急情况”。
句意：在仍有座机的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认座机其实并非必需，他们留着只是当作一种心理安慰——19% 的人说他们从来不用，另有 13% 的人留着以备紧急情况。
6. (2020 全国 II 卷阅读 B 篇)
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“it will help their child”是宾语从句，作 think 的宾语；第二个分句中，“puzzles help children with math-related skills”是宾语从句，作 said 的宾语，省略了连接词 that，“help sb. with sth.”表示“帮助某人做某事”。
句意：有些父母只要觉得高科技玩具对孩子有帮助就会买，但研究人员说，拼图更有助于孩子提升数学相关能力。
7. (2019 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读 A 篇)
There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，“that didn’t want to love this”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a bit of me；“when everyone else on the planet did”是时间状语从句，did 指代 loved this；第二个分句是简单句，说明恐怖小说的特点。
句意：尽管全世界都为之着迷，我内心却有点不想喜欢它，但这部恐怖小说确实精彩。
8. (2018 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读 B 篇)
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein).
解析：“Of the common berries”是介词短语作状语，限定比较范围；主句核心结构是“strawberries are highest in vitamin C”；although 引导让步状语从句，从句中“because of their seeds”是介词短语作原因状语；括号内“not that fruits have much protein”是补充说明，相当于“it’s not that fruits have much protein”，表示“并不是说水果含有大量蛋白质”。
句意：在常见浆果中，草莓的维生素 C 含量最高，尽管树莓因为种子的原因，蛋白质、铁和锌含量稍高一点（并不是说水果有很多蛋白质）。
9. (2017 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读 A 篇)
By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
解析：“By translating...into the physical language of BSL”是介词短语作方式状语，说明 create 的方式；主句核心结构是“Deafinitely Theatre creates...and aims to build...”，两个并列谓语表示剧院的两个目标；“between deaf and hearing worlds”是介词短语作定语，修饰 bridge；“by performing to both groups as one audience”是介词短语作方式状语，说明 build a bridge 的途径。
句意：通过把《爱的徒劳》丰富幽默的文本转换成英国手语的肢体语言，Deafinitely 剧院对莎士比亚喜剧做出了全新解读，并旨在通过同时为失聪和听力正常的观众演出，在两个世界之间搭建一座桥梁。
10. (2016 全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读 B 篇)
His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students.
解析：主句核心结构是“His presence meant that...”，that 引导宾语从句；从句中“whose creativity would infect other students”是定语从句，修饰先行词 an unexpected teaching assistant，whose 在从句中作定语，指代“助教的”。
句意：他的出现意味着我在课堂上有了一个意想不到的助教，他的创造力会感染其他学生。
11. (2025 全国一卷阅读 B 篇)
When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
解析：When 引导时间状语从句，说明主句动作发生的时间；主句核心结构是“I walked away with a yearbook”；“full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance”是形容词短语作定语，修饰 yearbook；破折号后是同位语，解释说明 significance 的内容，其中“to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us...”是并列不定式短语作定语，修饰 the ability；“what it means to be human”是宾语从句，作 teach 的宾语。
句意：当六月的最后一声铃响时，我带着一本写满留言的毕业纪念册离开了，字里行间都在诉说写作最强大的意义——联结人心、让我们换位思考、教会我们何以为人。
12. (2024 新课标 I 卷阅读七选五)
Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。第一个分句是 there be 句型，“plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses”是主语；第二个分句中“old-fashioned enough to prefer...”是形容词短语作表语，“enough to...”表示“足够……去做……”；“I can leaf through with my fingers”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a hard cover and pages，省略了关系代词 that，“leaf through”表示“翻阅”。
句意：当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词词典，但我足够守旧，更喜欢硬壳封面、可以用手指翻阅的纸质书。
13. (2023 新课标 II 卷阅读 B 篇)
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
解析：More recently 是时间状语；as 引导原因状语从句，说明艺术家使用书籍作为原材料的原因；主句核心结构是“artists have used them as the raw material for artworks”；破折号后“transforming covers...into paintings and sculptures”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明使用书籍制作艺术品的具体方式，“transform...into...”表示“将……转变为……”。
句意：最近，随着书变得便宜甚至可以用完即弃，艺术家们把它们当作艺术品的原材料——把封面、书页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑。
14. (2022 新高考 II 卷阅读 B 篇)
His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
解析：主句核心结构是“His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer”，“amuse sb. with sth.”表示“用某物逗某人开心”；“which was loaded with colorful pictures”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a tablet computer；“that come alive when you poke them”是定语从句，修饰先行词 colorful pictures；从句中“when you poke them”是时间状语从句，说明图片“变活”的条件。
句意：他父亲经常用平板电脑逗他开心，平板里装着彩色图片，一戳就会动起来。
15. (2021 新高考 II 卷阅读 B 篇)
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they’d get up to mischief.
解析：本句是由 but 和 otherwise 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，As 引导时间状语从句，说明“让它们自由行动”的前提；第二个分句中，when 引导时间状语从句，主句是“we had to contain them in a large room”；otherwise 引导结果状语从句，表示“否则会发生的情况”，“get up to mischief”表示“调皮捣蛋”。
句意：随着它们活动能力越来越强，我们白天让它们在屋里自由活动，但我们睡觉时就得把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会调皮捣蛋。
16. (2020 全国 III 卷阅读 B 篇)
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image.
解析：主句核心结构是“The creative team behind ‘Apes’ used motion-capture technology to create digitalized animals”，“behind ‘Apes’”是介词短语作定语，修饰 the creative team；“to create digitalized animals”是不定式短语作目的状语；“spending tens of millions of dollars on technology...”是现在分词短语作伴随状语；“that records an actor’s performance and later processes it...to create a final image”是定语从句，修饰先行词 technology，从句中两个并列谓语表示技术的作用，“to create a final image”是不定式短语作目的状语。
句意：《猩球崛起》背后的创意团队使用动作捕捉技术来制作数字化动物，花费数千万美元在这套技术上：记录演员表演，再用计算机图形处理，最终生成画面。
17. (2019 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读 A 篇)
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey.
解析：主句核心结构是“Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy”；“by Betty Comden and Adolph Green”是介词短语作定语，修饰 the musical comedy；“about a Broadway producer...”是介词短语作定语，补充说明喜剧的内容；“who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a Broadway producer，“during a cross-country train journey”是时间状语。
句意：克里斯汀·肯诺维斯和彼得·加拉赫主演了贝蒂·科姆登和阿道夫·格林创作的这部音乐喜剧，讲述一位百老汇制片人在一次横跨全国的火车旅行中，努力赢得一位电影明星芳心的故事。
18. (2018 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读 A 篇)
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
解析：主句核心结构是“The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show...”，“with a great show of the very best of gardening”是介词短语作方式状语；“making it one of the most popular events in gardening”是现在分词短语作结果状语，it 指代 the event，“one of the most popular events”是宾语补足语。
句意：这次活动以一场顶级园艺秀庆祝其 22 周年，使其成为园艺界最受欢迎的活动之一。
19. (2017 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读 C 篇)
Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.
解析：主句核心结构是“Many farmers opposed the plan”；because 引导原因状语从句，说明反对计划的原因；从句中“that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets”是宾语从句，作 feared 的宾语。
句意：许多农民反对这个计划，因为他们担心狼会杀死他们的家畜或宠物。
20. (2016 全国 Ⅲ 卷阅读 C 篇)
To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.
解析：“To people who are used to...in supermarkets”是介词短语作状语，其中“who are used to...in supermarkets”是定语从句，修饰先行词 people，“such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala”举例说明 limited choice of apples；主句核心结构是“it can be quite an eye opener to see...”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是“to see the range of classical apples still in existence”；“such as Decio which was grown by the Romans”举例说明 classical apples，“which was grown by the Romans”是定语从句，修饰先行词 Decio，“eye opener”表示“令人大开眼界的事物”。
句意：对于那些习惯了超市里金帅、皇家嘎拉等有限苹果品种的人来说，看到如今仍存在的各类古老苹果品种，会相当大开眼界，比如罗马人曾经种植的德西奥苹果。
21. (2025 全国一卷阅读七选五)
One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.
解析：主句核心结构是“One thing Murphy may not know is that...”，“Murphy may not know”是定语从句，修饰先行词 One thing，省略了关系代词 that；that 引导表语从句，从句中包含两个并列谓语“is contagious”和“can be the difference”；“in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her”是介词短语作定语，修饰 the difference，其中“having a much better day”是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 a student，“than they were having before seeing her”是比较状语从句。
句意：墨菲可能不知道的是，她的微笑很有感染力，而且能让一个学生在见到她之后，一天的心情比之前好很多。
22. (2024 新课标 II 卷阅读七选五)
The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.
解析：主句核心结构是“The friend needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands”；“who is remaining”是定语从句，修饰先行词 The friend；“placed on the friend who has moved”是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 all the additional time demands；“who has moved”是定语从句，修饰先行词 the friend。
句意：留在原地的朋友，需要体谅搬走的朋友所面临的额外时间压力。
23. (2023 全国乙卷阅读 B 篇)
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.
解析：Although 引导让步状语从句，从句中“either farm fields or highways”是并列名词短语，补充说明 landscapes 的类型；主句核心结构是“sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes”，“in the hills or lakes”是介词短语作地点状语。
句意：尽管中西部的景观往往十分相似，要么是农田，要么是公路，但我有时能在山丘或湖泊中发现独特的气质。
24. (2022 全国乙卷阅读 C 篇)
That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
解析：主句核心结构是“That is the very likely future of...”；“of applying today’s ‘eyes in the sky’ technology to making sure that...”是介词短语作定语，修饰 future；“applying...to making sure that...”表示“将……应用于确保……”；that 引导宾语从句，作 making sure 的宾语，从句中“worldwide”是形容词作定语，修饰 rail tracks and infrastructure，“on a 24/7 basis”表示“全天候、昼夜不停”。
句意：把如今的“空中之眼”技术用于确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施全天候安全运行，这极有可能成为未来的发展方向。
25. (2021 全国甲卷阅读 B 篇)
It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中“too cold for them to go out into the open”是形容词短语作表语，“too...to...”表示“太……而不能……”；第二个分句中，as soon as 引导时间状语从句，主句核心结构是“I have no doubt that...”，that 引导同位语从句，解释说明 doubt 的内容，“out and about”表示“外出活动”。
句意：对它们来说，外面还是太冷，没法出去活动，但等天气一转暖，我毫不怀疑这个小家伙每天都会出门探索玩耍。
26. (2020 全国 I 卷阅读 B 篇)
It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader.
解析：主句核心结构是“It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now”，it 指代前文提到的内容；“what one contributes to the now”是宾语从句，与 the now 并列作 about 的宾语；because 引导原因状语从句，说明主句内容的原因，“give and take”表示“双向互动、互谅互让”。
句意：这关乎当下，以及一个人为当下所做的贡献，因为阅读是作者与读者之间的双向奔赴。
27. (2019 全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读 A 篇)
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句，从句中“living in certain parts of the province”是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 a teenager；主句核心结构是“you could be eligible for this program”；“which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training”是定语从句，修饰先行词 this program，“along with training”表示“连同培训一起”。
句意：如果你是住在该省某些地区的青少年，你就有资格参加这个项目，它提供八周带薪工作和培训。
28. (2018 全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读 B 篇)
In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day.
解析：“In Save Money: Good Food”是介词短语作状语，说明活动的名称；主句核心结构是“she visits...and offers top tips...”，两个并列谓语表示她的行为；“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt”是介词短语作状语，说明提供建议的借助力量；“on how to reduce food waste”是介词短语作定语，修饰 top tips；“while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day”是现在分词短语作伴随状语，省略了主语 she 和 be 动词 is。
句意：在《省钱：好食物》节目中，她每周拜访一个不同的家庭，在厨师马特·特布特的帮助下，提供减少食物浪费的妙招，同时为每个家庭准备每天花费不到 5 英镑的食谱。
29. (2017 全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读 A 篇)
It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.
解析：主句核心结构是“It’s an amazing accomplishment and one...”，one 指代 accomplishment，与 an amazing accomplishment 并列作表语；“we cannot achieve without generous support from...”是定语从句，修饰先行词 one，省略了关系代词 that；“without generous support from...”表示“没有……的慷慨支持”，双重否定表肯定。
句意：这是一项了不起的成就，一项没有个人、企业和其他社会组织的慷慨支持我们就无法实现的成就。
30. (2016 全国 Ⅰ 卷阅读 B 篇)
Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列句。第一个分句中，“wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices”是并列谓语，表示祖父母的意愿；第二个分句中，it 是形式主语，真正主语是“to say no and visit frequently instead”，“instead”表示“取而代之”。
句意：几乎每一位祖父母都想和孙辈在一起，也愿意做出牺牲，但有时拒绝同住、改为经常探望反而更明智。
31. (2025 全国二卷读后续写)
Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did.
解析：Every time 引导时间状语从句，相当于 whenever，说明主句动作发生的频率；主句核心结构是“I had to explain how to pronounce my name at least five times”；how to pronounce my name 是“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，作 explain 的宾语；yet 引导转折状语从句，表示“然而”；“the way I did”是方式状语，修饰 say it，I did 指代 pronounced my name。
句意：每次我做自我介绍，都至少要教五遍我的名字怎么念，可他们还是说不出我那样的发音。
32. (2024 年 1 月浙江卷完形填空)
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no surprise.
解析：主句核心结构是“The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom”，“enable sb. to do sth.”表示“使某人能够做某事”，“with a great deal of freedom”是介词短语作状语；“as opposed to a restaurant”表示“与餐馆相反”，作对比状语；“where the service is impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no surprise”是定语从句，修饰先行词 a restaurant，从句中三个并列分句描述餐馆的特点。
句意：这个平台让里贝罗以极大的自由度实现了梦想，而不像餐厅那样——服务冰冷、菜单提前定好、饭菜也毫无惊喜。
33. (2023 新课标 I 卷阅读七选五)
It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.
解析：主句核心结构是“It might be the time”；“when you helped a friend with their homework”、“when you did the ironing without being asked”和“when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day”是三个并列的定语从句，修饰先行词 the time；第三个从句中“after the family had had a tiring day”是时间状语从句，说明烘焙饼干的时间背景。句意：这可能是在你帮助朋友温习功课时，可能是在你主动熨烫衣物时，抑或是在家人们经历疲惫的一天后你烘焙饼干时。
34.(2022 年新高考 I 卷阅读七选五) Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
解析：主句核心结构是“Her notice included...”；宾语部分由三个并列成分组成：宾语从句 “what kind of training she wanted to do”、并列宾语从句 “how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session” 以及名词短语 her age，共同作 included 的宾语。
句意：她的通知中包括了她想做什么样的训练、每周多少天、每节课想花多少小时，以及她的年龄。
35.(2021 年新高考 I 卷完形填空) It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
解析：主句核心结构是“It happened that...”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句；从句中 “downtown” 是形容词作定语，修饰 the plant；“for temporary help during our spring break” 是介词短语作状语；“for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 our spring break，for which 相当于 for our spring break，“beyond listening to my favorite records” 表示 “除了听我最喜欢的唱片外”。
句意：碰巧在我们春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，而我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外，并没有其他安排。
36.(2020 年新高考 II 卷阅读 B 篇) Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them.
解析：主句核心结构是“Then I would try to remember the different possessions”；“I supposedly had taken away” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the different possessions，省略了关系代词 that；破折号后 since 引导原因状语从句，说明 “努力回想” 的原因，“supposedly” 表示 “名义上、据称”。
句意：这时我就会努力回想自己名义上没收过的各种物品—— 毕竟我很少真的保留这些东西。
37.(2019 年全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读 C 篇) He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.
解析：主句核心结构是“He likes that...”，that 引导宾语从句；从句中 “can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper” 是并列谓语，表示他喜欢的行为；“with whom he’s on a first-name basis” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the barkeeper，with whom 相当于 with the barkeeper，“on a first-name basis” 表示 “直呼其名、关系亲密”；if 引导条件状语从句，说明聊天的前提。
句意：他喜欢可以安静地坐着查看手机，或者如果他想要一点交流，可以与酒保聊天，他们之间已经直呼其名。
38.(2018 年全国 Ⅱ 卷阅读 C 篇) Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.解析：主句核心结构是“Data shows that...”，that 引导宾语从句；从句中 “who do read frequently” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 kids and teens，do 表示强调；“compared to infrequent readers” 是过去分词短语作状语，进行对比；从句谓语是 have，宾语是四个并列成分：“more books in the home”、“more books purchased for them”（过去分词短语作定语）、“parents who read more often” 和 “parents who set aside time for them to read”（两个 who 引导的定语从句修饰 parents）。
句意：数据显示，与不常阅读的孩子相比，经常阅读的孩子和青少年家中有更多的书，为他们购买的书籍更多，父母更常阅读，并且父母会为他们留出阅读时间。
难度等级：中等入门
1. (2025 全国一卷阅读 C 篇)
Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.
解析：Although 引导让步状语从句；主句核心为 the reality is that...，that 引导表语从句；around the needs of the motor car 作状语。
句意：尽管这些活动影响广泛，但现实是，大多数西方城市都围绕着汽车的需求被彻底重塑了面貌。
2. (2024 新课标 I 卷阅读 C 篇)
According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
解析：According to this theory 作状语；主句为 people approach...and devote...并列谓语；suited to social media 作定语修饰 mindset；which 引导非限制性定语从句；less...than...引导比较状语从句。
句意：根据这一理论，人们阅读数字文本时所带有的心态是适合社交媒体的心态，使用社交媒体通常没那么严肃，相较于阅读印刷文本，也不会那么努力地进行思考。
3. (2023 新课标 II 卷阅读 C 篇)
And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
解析：in contrast to...作对比状语；where 引导定语从句修饰 lives；we consume 作定语修饰 the information；主句核心为 a printed book still offers the chance of...。
句意：在日益网络化的生活中，我们所摄取的信息被监督和追踪，相比之下，纸质书仍能给我们提供一项完全私密、“离线的”活动。
4. (2022 新高考 I 卷阅读 D 篇)
The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution.
解析：but rather 连接并列复合句；we use 作定语修饰 The set of speech sounds；since 引导时间状语；that we find today 作定语修饰 the huge variety of speech sounds。
句意：我们使用的语音并非从人类出现之初至今一直保持不变，相反，如今我们所发现的种类繁多的语音是生物变化和文化演变等因素经过复杂的相互作用而产生出来的。
5. (2021 新高考 I 卷阅读 D 篇)
It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
解析：it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句；from which to study...作定语修饰 perspectives；how 引导宾语从句作 study 的宾语。
句意：我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理自己的生活。
6. (2020 全国 I 卷阅读 C 篇)
It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
解析：强调句型 It’s + 被强调部分 + that...；however 为插入语；an assistant professor of...作同位语解释 Jaclyn Norberg。
句意：然而，马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学副教授 Jaclyn Norberg 指出，正是这种奇特姿势成就了竞走运动的独特魅力。
7. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷阅读 D 篇)
They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
解析：主句核心为 They rose in the ranks not by...but by...；not by...but by...连接并列方式状语；among whom 引导定语从句修饰 others。
句意：他们通过吸烟、违反规则和捉弄他人而不是通过友善来提升地位，而我很快就发现自己也置身其中。
8. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷阅读 C 篇)
Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
解析：主句核心为 Some language experts believe that...，that 引导宾语从句；when 引导定语从句修饰 10,000 years ago；between them 作状语。
句意：一些语言专家认为，一万年前，全世界人口仅为 500 万至 1,000 万，而他们使用的语言多达一万两千种。
9. (2017 全国Ⅱ卷阅读 B 篇)
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.
解析：主句核心为 The friendship had its root in the fact that...；that grew out of...作定语修饰 The friendship；that although...引导同位语从句解释 fact，although 引导让步状语从句。
句意：拍电影和四年后出演《骗中骗》的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都具有剧院演出和参加电视直播的背景。
10. (2016 全国Ⅱ卷阅读 C 篇)
Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
解析：主句核心为 Then the person leaves it in a public place；hoping that...作伴随状语；traveling...作定语修饰 adventure；who finds it 作定语修饰 each new reader。
句意：然后，图书的主人将它 (书) 留在一个公共场所，希望他的书将开始一场探险般的旅行，和每个发现它的新读者旅行到遥远的地方。
11. (2025 全国一卷阅读 D 篇)
“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
解析：直接引语作宾语，引语核心为 The way was nice；they demonstrated...作定语修饰 The way；how 引导宾语从句作 demonstrated 的宾语；an environmental engineer...作同位语，who 引导定语从句。
句意：“他们展示微塑料如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很巧妙，”苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳・高肖特 - 林赛 (未参与该项研究) 在接受《新科学家》采访时表示。
12. (2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
解析：In the wrong hands 作状语；but 连接并列句；as complicated...as...为比较结构；that powers AI 作定语修饰 the computer code；translating...作定语修饰 professional experience。
句意：假如换个糟糕的写手，该书可能同驱动 AI 的计算机代码一样复杂，但是幸好 Campbell 有二十多年的职业经验，把令人头大的内容变得深入浅出，平和易懂。
13. (2023 全国乙卷阅读 D 篇)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句；a history that...作同位语；because 引导原因状语从句，while 引导对比状语从句。
句意：如果你想讲述全球的历史，一段不偏袒任何人类某一部分的历史，仅仅通过文字记载是不够的，因为世界上只有部分地区曾经存在文字，而大多数地区在大部分时期没有文字。
14. (2022 新高考 II 卷阅读 D 篇)
The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility.
解析：主句核心为 The sweet spot...is in late middle age；to start exercising 作定语；if you haven’t already 为插入语；when 引导定语从句修饰 late middle age。
句意：如果你还没有开始锻炼，开始锻炼的最佳时间是在心脏仍有弹性的中老年后期。
15. (2021 全国甲卷阅读 D 篇)
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.”
解析：主句核心为 A study...found that...；recently published by Science 作定语；that 引导宾语从句；less likely than...为比较结构；第二个 that 引导宾语从句作 say 的宾语。
句意：《科学》杂志近期发表的一项研究表明，年仅六岁的女孩便已比同龄男孩更少认为，自己所属性别群体成员“非常非常聪明”。
16. (2020 全国 II 卷阅读 C 篇)
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
解析：but 连接并列复合句；kept nutria in check 表示“控制数量”；when 引导时间状语从句；like crazy 表示“疯狂地”。
句意：毛皮贸易几十年来一直有效控制着海狸鼠的数量，但当 20 世纪 80 年代末该市场崩溃后，这些体型如猫的动物便开始疯狂繁殖。
17. (2019 全国Ⅲ卷阅读 D 篇)
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
解析：After running...作时间状语；主句核心为 the researchers noted that...；indicating that...作伴随状语，that 引导宾语从句。
句意：在进行了数百次试验后，研究人员注意到，猴子超过一半的时间都会选择触摸更高的值，这表明它们在进行计算，而不是仅仅记住每个组合的值。
18. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷阅读 D 篇)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
解析：主句核心为 We’ve all been there；冒号后举例场景；surrounded by...作状语；who 引导定语从句修饰 people，包含两个并列现在分词短语。
句意：我们都曾有类似的经历：在电梯间，在银行排队，或在飞机上的时候，周围的人都像我们一样埋头玩手机，或是更糟糕地—— 忍受难堪的沉默。
难度等级：较高入门
1. (2023 全国甲卷阅读 D 篇)
As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
解析：As 引导时间状语从句；where 引导定语从句修饰 places；主句为现在进行时被动语态。
句意：随着灰熊的活动范围扩展到它们一个多世纪以来未曾出现过的地方，它们越来越多地被人类发现。
2. (2022 新高考 I 卷阅读 D 篇)
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
解析：主句核心为 Analyses...confirmed that...，that 引导宾语从句；with...increasing...为独立主格结构作伴随状语。
句意：对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后语音也发生了全球性变化，在过去几千年里，“f” 和 “v” 的使用显著增加。
3. (2021 全国乙卷阅读 D 篇)
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
解析：主句核心为 the researchers found that...，that 引导宾语从句；and yet 连接并列分句；while also providing...作伴随状语。
句意：研究人员发现，面对面的互动与交流确实会影响创作过程，但共享办公空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度噪音的同时，又能让人免受打扰。
4. (2020 新高考 I 卷阅读 C 篇)
Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
解析：主句为 Hence this book；书名作同位语；which 引导定语从句修饰 book；where 引导定语从句修饰 Karakalpakstan。
句意：因此，才有了这本书《追逐大海：迷失在中亚帝国的往事中》，书中讲述了从塔什干到卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的公路旅行，那里的数百万生命因海洋逐渐干涸而遭到摧毁。
5. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷阅读 C 篇)
Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
解析：and 连接并列句；by extension 为插入语；whether 引导宾语从句；it’s connected to 作定语修饰 the computer；regardless of whether...作状语。
句意：因此，键盘能确定人的身份，然后确定是否可以让他们访问已连接的电脑，不管这个人是否输入了正确的密码。
6. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷阅读 D 篇)
It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.
解析：it 作形式主语，that 引导主语从句；because 引导原因状语从句，包含 or 连接的并列分句。
句意：更有可能的是，我们没有人开始对话，因为这很尴尬且具有挑战性，或者我们认为这很烦人且没有必要。
7. (2017 全国Ⅱ卷阅读 D 篇)
Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.
解析：Back in 1983 作时间状语；Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin 作同位语；主句核心为 two scientists reported that...；getting bitten by insects 作定语；that 引导定语从句修饰 smell。
句意：早在 1983 年，杰克・舒尔茨和伊恩・鲍德温两个科学家报道说，当小枫树受到昆虫攻击时，会释放一种周边植物能够获得的特殊气味。
8. (2016 全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)
It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.
解析：主句核心为 It starts with looking...and understanding...；who 和 how 引导并列宾语从句作 understanding 的宾语。
句意：它始于窥探自己的内心，和明白就自然界而言你是谁，以及如何处理园艺工作流程。
9. (2025 1 月浙江卷阅读 B 篇)
I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions.
解析：and 连接并列复合句；第一个分句为现在完成进行时；that 引导宾语从句，when 引导时间状语从句；do make 表强调。
句意：我一直在尝试这些策略，并且发现当我减少限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决定。
10. (2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
解析：主句核心为 She writes from...rather than as...；making for...作结果状语；两个 which 引导并列定语从句修饰 guide。
句意：她从一个商人的实际角度而不是从一位学者的角度进行写作，将该书写成了一个既浅显易懂，又信息充实的指导书，读者看完后会感到自己跟 AI 一样聪明。
11. (2023 新课标 I 卷阅读 C 篇)
You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
解析：主句核心为 You’ll hear...and learn...；两个 what 引导并列宾语从句作 learn 的宾语；that you should avoid 作定语修饰 what traps。
句意：你将听到这些参与者的故事，了解哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到的你应避免的陷阱。
12. (2022 全国乙卷阅读 C 篇)
With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
解析：With their ability...作状语；to see ahead 作定语修饰 ability；主句核心为 they could signal any problem；so that 引导目的状语从句。
句意：(无人机) 因有预警能力，可以提前告知要出现的问题，使快速行驶的列车作出及时反应。
13. (2021 新高考 I 卷阅读七选五)
The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
解析：主句核心为 The French take...seriously；so...that...引导结果状语从句；limiting...作定语修饰 a deal；that 引导定语从句修饰 hours。
句意：法国人认真对待每周 35 小时的工作 —— 如此认真以至于一些工会最近与一些公司达成协议，限制独立合同工待命的时间总数。
14. (2020 全国 I 卷阅读 D 篇)
The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
解析：主句核心为 The engineers are trying to develop...；where 引导定语从句修饰 switch；when exposed to daylight 为状语从句省略形式。
句意：工程师们还致力于研发一种“开关”，使植物发出的微光在接触日光时能自动逐渐减弱。
15. (2019 全国Ⅲ卷阅读 B 篇)
If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句；主句核心为 you are talking about China；破折号后补充说明，how 引导宾语从句作 talking about 的宾语。
句意：如果你今天谈论时尚，你就是在谈论中国—— 它的影响、它的方向、它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻设计师和模特们最终如何在许多方面承认这一点。
16. (2018 全国Ⅰ卷阅读 C 篇)
The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
解析：主句核心为 The median number...is a mere 6,000；which 引导非限制性定语从句；that 引导宾语从句；spoken by...作定语修饰 languages。
句意：使用这些语言的人数的中位数仅有 6,000 人，这就意味着有为数一半 (3,400 种) 的全球语言的使用人数是少于 6,000 人的。
17. (2017 全国Ⅲ卷阅读 D 篇)
The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.
解析：主句核心为 The DriveLAB is helping us to understand...；what 和 how 引导并列宾语从句作 understand 的宾语。
句意：DriveLAB 正在帮助我们了解老年驾驶者的关键压力所在和所面临的各种困难，以及我们如何运用技术手段解决这些问题。
18. (2016 全国Ⅰ卷完形填空)
Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
解析：Approaching the vehicle 作状语；主句核心为 they saw that...，that 引导宾语从句；从句为过去进行时。
句意：他们走进车子，看到一名妇女正试图从破碎的车窗中爬出。
19. (2025 全国一卷阅读 A 篇)
As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
解析：As 引导时间状语从句；主句核心为 it faces particular problems...；which 引导非限制性定语从句指代 transportation。
句意：当全世界竞相推动各领域脱碳时，交通运输领域问题尤为突出—— 其温室气体排放约占能源相关排放总量的四分之一。
20. (2024 全国甲卷阅读七选五)
It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
解析：so 连接并列复合句；第一个分句 it 作形式主语，that 引导宾语从句；before you feel full 作时间状语。
句意：我们的大脑需要一定时间来让身体作出反应，告知我们已经吃得足够了，所以要慢慢吃，在感觉饱了之前就停止进食。
21. (2023 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)
They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
解析：主句核心为 They surveyed...；asking them...作伴随状语；of a meaningful interaction...作定语修饰 summary；they had...作定语修饰 interaction。
句意：他们调查了数百名游园者，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然互动的有意义的经历。
22. (2022 新高考 II 卷阅读 C 篇)
The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.
解析：主句核心为 The technology could determine whether...；whether 引导宾语从句，包含并列谓语；that 引导定语从句修饰 anything else。
句意：该技术可以确定司机是否刚发过短信、邮件或做了纽约免提驾驶法下所不允许的其他任何事情。
23. (2021 全国甲卷完形填空)
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down—a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
解析：主句核心为 This training taught her to...；破折号后 a skill 作同位语；that 引导定语从句修饰 skill；whenever 引导时间状语从句。
句意：这种训练教会她倒着认字和写字—— 这种技巧在我们共读一张报纸时尤为实用。
24. (2020 新高考 II 卷阅读 C 篇)
Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
解析：主句核心为 a design works so well...；so...that...省略 that；with...improvements 作伴随状语；until 引导时间状语从句。
句意：亦或是某个设计过于成功，以至于被反复应用于其他场景中，并加以看似无害的改进，直到某天，它突然彻底失效。
25. (2019 全国Ⅱ卷语法填空)
When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
解析：When 引导时间状语从句；saying...作定语修饰 a call；she was short-listed 作宾语从句；主句核心为 we thought it was a joke。
句意：当我们接到电话通知说她已入选最终名单时，我们以为这是个玩笑。
26. (2018 全国Ⅲ卷语法填空)
I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
解析：主句核心为 I quickly lower myself；ducking my head...作伴随状语；to avoid...作目的状语；so 引导结果状语从句。
句意：我迅速低下身子，低下头以避免直视他的眼睛，这样他就不会感觉受到挑衅。
27. (2017 全国Ⅱ卷完形填空)
I had advised the kids that while verbs (动词) may seem dull, most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
解析：主句核心为 I had advised the kids that...，that 引导宾语从句；while 引导让步状语从句；they do...作定语修饰 things。
句意：我告诉过他们：虽然动词看上去枯燥乏味，但生活中所做的大部分趣事都是用动词来表达的。
28. (2016 全国Ⅱ卷完形填空)
The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up.
解析：主句核心为 The woman jumped up；sitting at the desk 和 seeing my madness 作定语修饰 The woman；sympathetically 作状语。
句意：坐在桌子旁的她，看到了我疯狂的举动，同情地跳了起来。
29. (2025 1 月浙江卷阅读 A 篇)
Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection.
解析：主句核心为 Interlibrary Loan provides...with access to...；that 引导定语从句修饰 books；as well as 连接并列宾语。
句意：图书馆间互借服务 (ILL) 为教师、学生和职工提供了借阅已被借出或本馆未收藏的书籍的途径，同时也提供了本馆收藏的文章和书籍章节的数字化副本。
30. (2024 新课标 I 卷完形填空)
Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
解析：Between...and...作状语；making my achievement...作定语修饰 the girl；主句核心为 I decided that...；that 引导宾语从句；I’d ever run again 作定语修饰 reason；if 引导表语从句。
句意：这个女孩使得我自己的跑步成就看起来如此微小，跑步又是如此枯燥乏味，我决定再次跑步的唯一原因是有一只大狗在后面追赶我！
31. (2023 全国乙卷完形填空)
As it turned out, Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.
解析：As it turned out 为固定表达；主句核心为 Douglas did exactly what...；what 引导宾语从句；to become...作目的状语；when 引导时间状语从句。
句意：训练结果是，Douglas 毫不差地做到了成为一名奥运会冠军所要做到的一切，这点在她击败两位俄罗斯运动员后就证实了。
32. (2022 全国甲卷完形填空)
While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack Flora, the cat.
解析：While 引导让步状语从句；that he was...作宾语从句；主句核心为 I worried that...，that 引导宾语从句包含并列分句；the cat 作 Flora 同位语。
句意：虽然我很高兴他是一名爱狗男士，但我又担心三只狗太多，而且我的狗有可能会攻击他的猫 Flora。
33. (2021 全国乙卷完形填空)
And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude (感谢).
解析：it came to sb. that...句型，it 作形式主语；how 引导主语从句；if 引导条件状语从句；that 引导定语从句修饰 words。
句意：那时我突然意识到，如果我们有一系列能表达不同程度感谢的词汇，那么事情会容易得多。
34. (2020 全国 III 卷完形填空)
She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat by herself, and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on other people.
解析：and 连接并列复合句；第一个分句包含并列谓语；since 引导原因状语从句；taken it out on other people 表示“拿别人撒气”。
句意：一周前，她与丈夫分了手，独自住在一间公寓里。由于她发现自己难以承受，便拿别人撒气。
35. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)
Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
解析：主句核心为 Scientists have responded by noting that...；that 引导宾语从句；leading to...作结果状语；that 引导同位语从句解释 illusion。
句意：科学家们做出回应指出，饥饿的北极熊聚集在人类生活区才导致了人们的错觉：北极熊种群数量比实际的要多。
36. (2018 全国Ⅱ卷语法填空)
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
解析：主句核心为 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that...；that 引导宾语从句；between 2005—and 2011 作时间状语；when 引导定语从句修饰 2005；that 引导定语从句修饰 program。
句意：中国农业部发现，自 2005 年以来 —— 中国政府实施了一项土壤检测项目，为农民提供有针对性的化肥使用建议 —— 到 2011 年之间，化肥使用量减少了 770 万吨。
37. (2017 全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)
The ticket had a strict no-transfer (不可转让) policy, but since passport information was not required when booking, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can use it.
解析：but 连接并列复合句；since 引导原因状语从句；when booking 为状语从句省略形式；主句核心为 any Canadian...can use it。
句意：该票有严格的不可转让政策，但由于预订时没有要求提供护照信息，任何加拿大籍的 Elizabeth Gallagher 都能够使用它。
38. (2016 全国Ⅲ卷语法填空)
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
解析：主句核心为 Some people think that...，that 引导宾语从句；who 引导定语从句修饰 Confucius。
句意：一些人认为这位生活在公元前约 551-479 年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。
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