How to Qualify a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS)如何评定焊接工艺规程(WPS)
Qualifying a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) is one of the most critical steps in welding quality assurance.焊接工艺规程(WPS)的评定是焊接质量保证中最关键的步骤之一。
It ensures that the selected welding method can consistently produce welds that meet code, client, and project requirements.其可确保所选焊接方法能稳定生产出符合规范、客户及项目要求的焊缝。
Depending on the industry, this process is governed by standards such as:根据行业不同,该过程需遵循以下等标准:
🔹 ASME Section IX🔹 ASME 第 IX 卷(《焊接和钎焊评定标准》)
🔹 AWS D1.1🔹 AWS D1.1 标准(《结构钢焊接规范》)
🔹 ISO 15614🔹 ISO 15614 标准(《金属材料焊接工艺规范及评定》)
Here’s a step-by-step guide to Welding Procedure Qualification (PQR & WPS process):以下是焊接工艺评定(含 PQR 与 WPS 流程)的分步指南:
🔹 Step 1: Identify Applicable Code/Standard🔹 步骤 1:确定适用规范 / 标准
Define the code (ASME, AWS, ISO) → sets variables, testing, and acceptance criteria.明确所采用的规范(如 ASME、AWS、ISO)→ 该规范将规定变量、检测要求及验收准则。
🔹 Step 2: Prepare a Preliminary WPS (pWPS)🔹 步骤 2:编制预焊接工艺规程(pWPS)
Include welding process, material, filler, joint design, position, preheat, PWHT, etc.内容需涵盖焊接方法、母材、填充材料、接头设计、焊接位置、预热、焊后热处理(PWHT)等。
🔹 Step 3: Weld a Test Coupon🔹 步骤 3:焊接试验试板
Weld under controlled conditions → record all essential variables.在受控条件下进行焊接→记录所有关键变量。
🔹 Step 4: Visual Inspection🔹 步骤 4:外观检查
Check weld appearance for cracks, porosity, undercut, overlap.检查焊缝外观,确认是否存在裂纹、气孔、咬边、未熔合等缺陷。
🔹 Step 5: Nondestructive Testing (if required)🔹 步骤 5:无损检测(如要求)
RT, UT, MT, PT depending on code/project requirements.根据规范 / 项目要求,采用射线检测(RT)、超声检测(UT)、磁粉检测(MT)、渗透检测(PT)等方法。
🔹 Step 6: Destructive Testing🔹 步骤 6:破坏性检测
Tensile, bends, impact, hardness, and macro/micro examinations.包括拉伸试验、弯曲试验、冲击试验、硬度试验及宏观 / 微观金相检验。
🔹 Step 7: Procedure Qualification Record (PQR)🔹 步骤 7:编制工艺评定记录(PQR)
Document variables & results → proof of weld soundness.记录焊接变量及检测结果→作为焊缝质量合格的证明文件。
🔹 Step 8: Prepare the Final WPS🔹 步骤 8:编制最终焊接工艺规程(WPS)
Official specification with qualified ranges.包含合格参数范围的正式技术文件。
🔹 Step 9: Approval/Certification🔹 步骤 9:审批 / 认证
Submit WPS & PQR for client/third-party approval → ready for production.将 WPS 与 PQR 提交客户 / 第三方审批→获批后即可用于生产。
✅ In short:✅ 简而言之:
1️⃣ Draft pWPS1️⃣ 编制预焊接工艺规程(pWPS)
2️⃣ Weld test coupon2️⃣ 焊接试验试板
3️⃣ Inspect & test (NDT + destructive)3️⃣ 检查与检测(无损检测 + 破坏性检测)
4️⃣ Record results in PQR4️⃣ 在工艺评定记录(PQR)中记录结果
5️⃣ Approve & issue WPS5️⃣ 审批并发布焊接工艺规程(WPS)


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