华尔街日报 | AI大佬们建议孩子选什么专业?

       而身处行业前沿的几位AI大佬们，在给自己孩子规划未来时，却有着不一样的思考。比起追逐转瞬即逝的热门技术，他们更看重共情、批判性思维、责任感与适应力——这或许才是破局的关键。

英文部分摘自华尔街日报

What AI Executives Tell Their Own Kids About the Jobs of the Future

AI高管们如何教子女规划未来职业？

We asked Anthropic’s Daniela Amodei and other AI luminaries about what they advise their own children on education and careers in an AI-driven world.

我们采访了美国头部人工智能企业Anthropic的联合创始人丹妮拉·阿莫迪，以及多位AI领域领军人物，了解他们如何看待子女在AI驱动世界中的教育与职业选择。

注释：Anthropic是一家总部位于美国旧金山的人工智能（AI）公司，也是当前全球估值最高、增长最快的AI独角兽之一。 其主要面向企业，热门产品是AI编程工具Claude Code。

When Daniela Amodei meets with potential customers and business partners, they sometimes toss her a sheepish question as they leave: “What should my kid study in college?”

每当丹妮拉・阿莫迪会见潜在客户与商业伙伴时，对方临走前常会略带忐忑地问她一个问题：“你觉得我家孩子大学该学什么专业？”

注释：Sheepish： [ˈʃi:pɪʃ] adj.羞怯的，腼腆的, 温驯的，胆怯的, 局促不安的

After all, the Anthropic co-founder has a front-row seat when it comes to how AI models like Claude are transforming jobs and the economy—a topic that spooks parents everywhere. (And not just parents.)

毕竟，身为人工智能公司 Anthropic 的联合创始人，她身处行业最前沿，亲眼见证 Claude 这类 AI 模型如何重塑工作与经济 —— 这个话题让全天下的父母都感到焦虑（而且不只是父母）。

注释：

has a front-row seat：本义是坐在第一排；引申义为身处某个行业、领域或事件的最核心位置，能够第一时间近距离观察到领域最前沿的变化。

We asked Amodei and four other leaders in AI how they think about their own children’s futures and what advice they give them. Their offspring range from 6 months to 26 years old—eons in AI terms. But the parents have one thing in common: They worry, but they aren’t freaking out. And neither are their kids.

我们请阿莫迪与另外四位 AI 领域领军人物，谈谈他们如何看待自己孩子的未来，以及给出了哪些建议。他们的孩子年龄从 6 个月到 26 岁不等 —— 放在 AI 时代里，几乎是天壤之别。但这些父母有一个共同点：他们会担心，但不会恐慌；孩子也是如此。

注释：

freak out：惊慌失措

eon /ˈi:ənz/：极漫长的时期、万古，原义指地质年代中的宙。在当前语境中用来夸张地强调，对于迭代速度极快的人工智能领域而言，6个月到26年的跨度是非常漫长的时间。

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Manny Medina

曼尼·梅迪纳

Co-founder of Paid.AI, a platform that helps companies get paid for work done by AI agents

Paid.AI联合创始人，该平台帮助企业从AI智能体完成的工作中获取报酬

Four children, ages 4, 9, 19 and 26

四个孩子，年龄分别为4岁、9岁、19岁和26岁

There are two areas that I think will be vibrant in the short to medium term. One is energy. The other is healthcare.

“我认为中短期内有两大领域会非常有活力，一个是能源，另一个是医疗健康。”

Outside of the sun, the most powerful source of energy is the atom. I’ve been telling my kids, you should really figure out how to get into nuclear. My oldest kid just got a job at TerraPower, a company founded by Bill Gates that works on applications of nuclear power.

“除了太阳，最强大的能源是原子。我一直告诉我的孩子们，你们应该想办法进入核能领域。我的大儿子刚在泰拉能源找到工作，这家由比尔·盖茨创立的公司，业务是核能应用。

One of the other shortages we’ll continue to have is healthcare, specifically around cancer. My 19-year-old decided to go into nuclear medicine, which is using nuclear isotopes to treat cancer. It’s super-dangerous, but it’s very effective.

我们未来还会持续短缺的是医疗，尤其是癌症相关领域。我 19 岁的孩子决定学核医学—— 用放射性同位素治疗癌症。极度危险，但非常有效。

注释：

nuclear isotopes：核同位素； isotopes：['aɪsətoʊps] 同位素

With the younger ones, I have more flexibility in seeing what’s coming out, but also a lot more stress in that I can’t see the future that far out. The part I want to make sure of is that they don’t look at AI as a threat. They should just figure out how to do something amazing.

对于年纪更小的孩子，我有更多空间去观察未来发展趋势，但也会更焦虑——毕竟我没办法看得那么远。我希望确保的一点是，不能让他们把AI当成威胁，而是要找到方向，去做一些了不起的事情。

Given how unevenly AI is developing in the world, vast amounts of people will be left behind. So helping the poor, feeble, sick, that could be an interesting path. And the environment—caring for animals, people, oceans. My 9-year-old adores animals and loves to dream about solving problems like ocean pollution. We live on this earth. The problem is not going away.

鉴于AI在全球的发展极不均衡，会有大量人群因此掉队。因此，帮助穷人、弱者与病人，会是一条很有意义的道路；除此之外，还有环境领域——关爱动物、守护人类、保护海洋，都是值得深耕的方向。我那九岁的孩子特别喜欢动物，一直梦想着能解决海洋污染这类问题。毕竟我们共同生活在这颗星球上，这些问题不会凭空消失。

There are first principles on what makes a career: It’s something you enjoy, that you’re good at and that’s useful to someone else. Hopefully, it makes money, but the other three are the ones they should solve for.

“关于什么能成就一份事业，有几条第一性原则：你喜欢、你擅长、对别人有用。最好还能赚钱，但前三点才是关键。

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Caroline Hanke

卡罗琳·汉克

Global head of organizational growth and health at SAP, leading internal AI workforce transformation

SAP全球组织成长与健康负责人，领导内部AI劳动力转型

One child, age 15

一个孩子，15岁

My son is a soccer player, and he obviously wants to become a professional soccer player. I asked, is this the right space to focus on? He said, I believe being a professional soccer player is future-proof because no one will want to watch AI robots on the field. So he tried to pitch me on this plan.

“我儿子是一名足球运动员，他显然想成为一名职业球员。我问他，这真的是值得你倾注精力的方向吗？他说，他相信职业足球运动员是一个不会被时代淘汰的职业，因为没人会想看AI机器人在球场上踢球。所以他试图说服我接受他的职业规划。”

I truly believe agility and openness to change—people that can cope with change and adapt quickly—those will be the central skills I want my teenager to have. The technical skills relevant for today are not going to be relevant even two years from now. It really is more soft skills—critical thinking, adaptability. Also ethics—where human judgment comes into play. I would even question whether communication skills will matter so much because I think AI will get very good at that.

我真心相信:适应力、对变化的开放心态，以及能够应对变化、快速调整的能力，这些才是我最希望孩子拥有的核心能力。当下有用的技术能力，两年后可能就没用了。真正重要的更多是软技能:批判性思维、适应能力，还有伦理--这类需要人类作出判断的领域。我甚至怀疑，未来沟通能力还会不会那么重要，毕竟 AI 在这方面会做得非常出色。

In terms of what he should study in college, I’d want him to stay as broad as possible. He’ll decide on his own, but if I had to choose, I’d rather it be something in the space of mathematics because logical thinking is something that will be required in any future role because of how AI works.

“至于大学应该学什么，我希望他能尽可能涉猎广泛。他会自己做决定，但如果必须由我选择，我更倾向于数学相关领域——毕竟从AI的运作逻辑来看，逻辑思维会是未来所有岗位都必备的核心素质。”

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Ethan Mollick

伊桑·莫利克

Management professor at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School and author of “Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI” (Portfolio, 2024)

宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院管理学教授，《共生智能：与AI一起生活与工作》（Portfolio出版社，2024年出版）一书的作者

Two children, ages 16 and 19

两个孩子，年龄分别为16岁和19岁

We’re an AI-studying household, so it comes up in conversation. In the way of parents and kids everywhere, I don’t think my kids care about it as much as my wife and I do.

我们家是从事AI研究的家庭，所以这个话题常会出现在日常谈话里。和天底下所有的父母与孩子一样，我觉得孩子们并不像我和我妻子那样关心AI这个话题。

My kids are interested in broad careers like law and medicine, so I’m less worried. I think generalist jobs, where there are many different skills bundled together, are good jobs in an AI world. You’re good at some stuff, bad at some stuff. Being a doctor is not just diagnosis, you do a whole bunch of other things. You’re probably not equally good at all of them, so if AI steps in to help where you’re weaker, that’s a good thing.

我的孩子们对法律、医学这类更看重综合能力的职业感兴趣，所以我并不太担心。我认为，在AI时代，融合了多种不同技能的通才型岗位是很好的选择。人总会有擅长和不擅长的事，就拿医生来说，工作不只是做诊断，还要处理很多其他事务，你不可能每个环节都十分出色，因此如果AI能在你不擅长的地方提供帮助，这反而是件好事。

In terms of figuring out AI-proof careers, if your kid wants to cut hair or be a plumber, that’s wonderful. But to bet it all, thinking you have the answers when everyone is up in the air, how can you be certain? Take an insurance policy by being broadly educated, being deeply educated, being flexible in the face of change, maybe saving money to get through the disruptions—the things you’d do in any time of uncertainty. A liberal-arts education matters more than ever.

“说到寻找不会被AI冲击的职业方向，如果你的孩子想做理发师或者水管工，那当然很棒。但现在所有人都对未来感到迷茫，你要是想把所有赌注都押上去，还笃定自己选对了方向，又凭什么能确定呢？其实可以通过接受广博且深入的教育为自己买一份‘职业保险’，在变革面前保持灵活应变，或是存一笔钱来渡过行业动荡期，这些其实是我们在任何不确定性阶段都该做的准备。人文通识教育如今比以往任何时候都更加重要。”

I don’t know what the future holds for anybody. I don’t feel negative about that, but I understand why others do. And I can’t be Pollyannaish and say nothing bad will happen. But careers are long, and they change a lot. People tend to be adaptable.

我不知道每个人的未来会走向何方。我对此并不感到悲观，但我理解其他人为什么会焦虑。我也没法盲目乐观地说坏事绝对不会发生。不过职业生涯本就漫长，也始终充满变数，而人类本身往往拥有很强的适应能力。

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Jaime Teevan

杰米·蒂文

Chief scientist and technical fellow, Microsoft, and trustee, Yale University

微软首席科学家兼技术院士，耶鲁大学校董

Four children, ages 17, 19 (twins) and 21

四个孩子，年龄分别为17岁、19岁（双胞胎）和21岁

I have four boys, and the middle two are identical twins. I joke I’m running an A-B experiment with them. But no, I haven’t tried giving them two sets of advice. Mostly I bug my kids about doing things that require sustained engagement.

“我有四个儿子，中间两个是同卵双胞胎，我还开玩笑说，我正拿他俩做A/B实验。但其实，我并没有给过他们两套完全不同的建议，我更多是督促孩子去做需要长期投入精力的事。”

All of us old people are superworried about AI and, when we worry about our kids, we’re really worrying about ourselves. Kids won’t have the same challenges we have of trying to retrofit old assumptions and will start with a clean slate. That’s a benefit they bring to the table.

“我们这些‘老一辈’都对AI忧心忡忡，我们嘴上为孩子担忧，其实真正担忧的是我们自己。孩子们不会面临我们这种需要扭转旧有认知的挑战，他们从零开始适应AI，这本身就是他们的优势。”

I tell my kids, play around, try things out. People need to know how to use a model, but not necessarily build it.

“我告诉孩子们，去探索，去尝试。人们需要知道如何使用模型，而不一定非要构建它。”

Metacognitive skills will be very important—flexibility, adaptability, experimentation, thinking critically, being able to challenge things. Developing critical-thinking skills requires friction, doing things that are hard, doing deep thinking.

“元认知能力将非常重要——灵活性、适应性、实验精神、批判性思考、质疑事物的能力。培养批判性思维能力需要摩擦，需要做困难的事情，需要进行深度思考。”

注释：

Metacognitive skills：元认知技能，是心理学、教育学领域的专业术语。元认知指个体对自身认知过程的感知与调控能力。元认知技能具体指个体对自身的学习与思考过程开展规划、监控、评估和调整的能力，自主检查学习进度、调整学习策略、反思错误原因等，都属于元认知技能的范畴。

For that, a traditional liberal-arts education is really important. That’s true at a macro level, at a time of extreme disruption. And it’s also interestingly true at a micro level. Think of what AI does. It used to be that communicating with a computer was deterministic: You press this button, and this thing happens. Now it’s based on natural language, providing context, expressing intent and thinking critically.

“从这一点来看，传统的通识教育至关重要：身处当下这个剧烈变革的时代，它在宏观层面的作用不言而喻，而有意思的是，它在微观层面同样发挥着关键作用。不妨想想人工智能的运作逻辑：过去，人和计算机的交互是确定性的——按下对应按钮，就会触发对应的结果。但现在，人机交互完全基于自然语言，需要使用者提供背景语境、表达明确意图，还要开展批判性思考。”

AI is amazing at generating recommendations and can have opinions, but it can’t take responsibility. That’s a human role. One of my kids is interested in accounting, another is going to law school. Those are the ultimate jobs about taking responsibility. In law, there’s a bunch of stuff that’s going to get easier with AI. But passing judgment, being accountable and responsible for decisions that impact people and society, that’s foundationally important.

“AI在生成建议方面很出色，也可以表达观点，但它无法承担责任。那是人类的职能。我的一个孩子对会计感兴趣，另一个孩子准备上法学院。这些都是关于承担责任的终极工作。在法律领域，有很多事情会因为AI而变得更容易。但做出判断，并为影响他人与社会的决定负责，这才是最为关键的。”

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Daniela Amodei

丹妮拉·阿莫迪

President and co-founder, Anthropic

Anthropic总裁兼联合创始人

Two children, ages 4 and 6 months

两个孩子，年龄分别为4岁和6个月

When I think about what my kids will need as they get older, it’s human qualities: the ability to relate, to empathize and be around other humans. What’s not going to be replaceable is how you treat other people, how well you communicate with them, how kind you are.

“当我思考我的孩子们长大后真正需要具备什么的时候，我认为答案是人性层面的品质：与人建立联结、共情他人以及和他人相处的能力。真正无法被取代的，是你待人的方式、与人沟通的能力，还有你本身的善良品性。”

Those are going to be of increasing importance as AI becomes more dominant in the workforce.

“随着AI在职场中占据主导地位，这些特质的重要性将与日俱增。”

Fundamentally, I have a deep, hopeful belief that humans ultimately like to be around and spend time with other humans. If we don’t do that, we tend to get really unhappy.

“从根本上说，我深切且满怀希望地相信，人类终究还是喜欢和他人相伴相处。做不到这一点的话，我们往往会变得非常不快乐。”

So, if anything—and this sounds funny to say about future teenagers—I might orient my kids toward more socializing and understanding how they relate to people in their own unique way.

“所以，要是说真的有什么建议的话——虽说对未来的青少年讲这个听起来有点滑稽——我会更倾向于引导我的孩子多参与社交，摸索如何用自己独有的方式和他人相处。”

There are two schools of thought on human creativity. One is: Look, the AIs are going to be better than us at everything, and nobody’s going to want to do anything anymore. It’ll be terrible. But I’m an optimist, and so I tend to be in the second school of thought, which is that humans have an intrinsic desire to make meaning and create things just because they enjoy the act of creating.

“关于人类的创造力，目前有两种不同的观点流派。一种观点认为：你看，人工智能会在所有领域都比我们更出色，再也没人愿意亲力亲为做事了，那会是非常糟糕的局面。但我是个乐观主义者，因此更认同第二种观点：人类本身就拥有创造意义、创作事物的内在渴望，我们会单纯地享受创造这件事本身。”

Humans are surprisingly resilient and adaptive, and our desire to be creative and to be in groups won’t go away.

“人类拥有惊人的韧性与适应力，我们对创造的渴望以及对群体归属的需求是不会消失的。”

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