初中英语全册单词 · 40篇短文速记系列 · 第 5 篇

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欢迎来到《40篇短文搞定初中英语全册词汇》系列第5篇！本篇进入八年级上册核心词汇，涵盖四大主题：过去的经历、假期与旅行、健康习惯、性格与交友。

这些主题是中考写作和阅读的高频话题，词汇实用性强。每篇短文融入约50个核心单词，配合彩色考频标注，让你在语境中高效记忆。

坚持背诵，40天攻克初中全册词汇！收藏本文，随时复习。

短文 17：How Was Your Weekend? 过去的经历

📖 短文内容

How was your last weekend? It was great! On Saturday morning, I went to the zoo with my family. We saw many animals. The elephants were big and the monkeys were funny. In the afternoon, we visited a farm. I milked a cow and rode a horse. It was exciting! On Sunday, I stayed at home. I did my homework and cleaned my room. In the evening, I watched a movie with my parents. The movie was interesting but a little long. Last month, we had a school trip. We went to a science museum. I learned a lot about robots and space. I took many photos. My classmates and I had a wonderful time. We were tired but happy. What did you do last weekend? Did you go anywhere interesting? Tell me about it!

📝 参考翻译

你上个周末过得怎么样？太棒了！星期六早上，我和家人去了动物园。我们看到了很多动物。大象很大，猴子很有趣。下午，我们参观了一个农场。我挤了牛奶，骑了马。太刺激了！ 星期天，我待在家里。我做了作业，打扫了房间。晚上，我和父母看了一场电影。电影很有趣，但有点长。 上个月，我们有一次学校旅行。我们去了科学博物馆。我学到了很多关于机器人和太空的知识。我拍了很多照片。我和同学们玩得很开心。我们很累但很快乐。 你上周末做了什么？你去了什么有趣的地方吗？告诉我！

🔑 重点词汇讲解

was/were

过去式：am/is → was；are → were。用法：一般过去时中，主语为I/he/she/it用was，主语为you/we/they用were。例句：How was your weekend? It was great. / We were happy.

did /did/

过去式：do/does → did。用法：①助动词，构成过去时否定和疑问：Did you go? I didn't go. ②实义动词"做"：I did my homework.注意：did 后接动词原形。

went/go /went/

过去式：go → went（不规则变化）。搭配：go to the zoo 去动物园；go shopping 去购物；go swimming 去游泳。注意：go 的过去分词为 gone，be gone 表示"走了，不在了"。

took/take /tuk/

过去式：take → took（不规则变化）。搭配：take photos 拍照；take a bus 乘公交；take a walk 散步。过去分词：taken。注意：take 还可表示"花费"：It took me two hours.

exciting / excited

辨析：exciting 令人兴奋的（修饰事物）；excited 感到兴奋的（修饰人）。同类：interesting/interested, boring/bored, relaxing/relaxed, surprising/surprised。规律：-ing 修饰事物，-ed 修饰人的感受。

visit /'vizit/

搭配：visit a farm/museum 参观农场/博物馆；visit sb. 拜访某人。延伸：visitor n. 游客，参观者。近义词：call on 拜访（人）；call at 拜访（地点）。

wonderful /'wʌndəfl/

构词：wonder（奇迹，想知道）+ -ful（形容词后缀）= 精彩的，极好的。近义词：great, excellent, fantastic, amazing。搭配：have a wonderful time 玩得开心；a wonderful trip 精彩的旅行。

anywhere /'eniweə/

构词：any（任何）+ where（地方）= 任何地方。用法：用于否定句和疑问句。同类：anyone 任何人；anything 任何事；anytime 任何时候。肯定句：用 somewhere 某个地方。

📋 单词列表（第 1-80 词，共 80 词）

短文 18：Where Did You Go on Vacation? 假期与旅行

📖 短文内容

Where did you go on vacation? I went to the beach with my family. The weather was sunny and hot. We swam in the sea and played beach volleyball. I tried paragliding — it was exciting! We ate delicious seafood at a restaurant near the beach. My friend went to the mountains. She went hiking and saw beautiful waterfalls. She took many photos. The air was clean and fresh. She stayed in a small hotel. It was cheap but comfortable. I also visited my grandparents in the countryside. We fed chickens and picked vegetables. My grandma cooked a big dinner. Everything tasted great. I felt relaxed and happy. Vacation is a time to rest and have fun. Did you enjoy your vacation? What was the best part? I can't wait for the next vacation!

📝 参考翻译

你去哪里度假了？我和家人去了海滩。天气晴朗炎热。我们在海里游泳，打沙滩排球。我尝试了滑翔伞——太刺激了！我们在海滩附近的餐馆吃了美味的海鲜。 我的朋友去了山里。她去远足，看到了美丽的瀑布。她拍了很多照片。空气清新。她住在一个小旅馆里。很便宜但很舒适。 我还去乡下看望了祖父母。我们喂鸡，摘蔬菜。我奶奶做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。每样东西都很好吃。我感到放松和快乐。 假期是休息和玩乐的时间。你喜欢你的假期吗？最棒的部分是什么？我等不及下一个假期了！

🔑 重点词汇讲解

vacation /və'keiʃn/

辨析：vacation 假期（美式，尤指学校/法定长假）；holiday 假日（英式，可指一天或长假）。搭配：on vacation 在度假；go on vacation 去度假；summer vacation 暑假；winter vacation 寒假。

beach /bi:tʃ/

辨析：beach 海滩（有沙的）；seaside 海边（统称）；coast 海岸（地理概念）；shore 岸（湖/海）。搭配：on the beach 在海滩上；beach volleyball 沙滩排球。注意：不要与 bitch 混淆。

tried/try /traid/

过去式：try → tried（变y为i加ed）。搭配：try doing sth. 尝试做某事；try to do sth. 努力做某事；try on 试穿；try one's best 尽某人最大努力。

delicious /di'liʃəs/

搭配：delicious food/seafood 美味的食物/海鲜。近义词：tasty, yummy。反义：tasteless, terrible。注意：delicious 本身已含"非常"之意，不用 very delicious，可用 absolutely delicious。

comfortable /'kʌmftəbl/

构词：comfort（舒适，安慰）+ -able（形容词后缀，表"能够"）= 舒适的。搭配：a comfortable bed/hotel 舒适的床/旅馆；feel comfortable 感到舒适。反义：uncomfortable 不舒适的。

countryside /'kʌntrisaid/

构词：country（国家，乡村）+ side（边）= 乡下，农村。搭配：in the countryside 在乡下；live in the countryside 住在农村。反义：city 城市；urban 城市的。注意：countryside 前通常加 the。

relaxed /ri'lækst/

辨析：relaxed 感到放松的（修饰人）；relaxing 令人放松的（修饰事物）。搭配：feel relaxed 感到放松；a relaxing vacation 令人放松的假期。延伸：relax v. 放松；relaxation n. 放松。

can't wait

搭配：can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事。例句：I can't wait for the next vacation! 我等不及下一个假期了！延伸：wait for 等待；wait a minute 等一下。

📋 单词列表（第 81-117 词，共 37 词）

短文 19：Healthy Living 健康习惯

📖 短文内容

How often do you exercise? I exercise three times a week. I run in the park on Monday and Wednesday. On weekends, I play basketball with my friends. My sister hardlyever exercises — she watches TV all day. That is not healthy. What do you usually eat? I try to eat a lot of vegetables and fruit. I drink milk every day. I never eat junk food. But my brother loves hamburgers and cola. He eats them twice a week. I think he should eat more healthily. How many hours do you sleep? I sleep about eight hours every night. I never stay up late. Getting enough sleep is important for your health. The best way to keep healthy is to eat well, exercise often, and sleep enough. Do you have good habits? Let's live a healthy life!

📝 参考翻译

你多久锻炼一次？我每周锻炼三次。我星期一和星期三在公园跑步。周末，我和朋友打篮球。我妹妹几乎从不锻炼——她整天看电视。那不健康。 你通常吃什么？我尽量多吃蔬菜和水果。我每天喝牛奶。我从不吃垃圾食品。但我弟弟喜欢汉堡和可乐。他每周吃两次。我认为他应该吃得更健康。 你睡几个小时？我每晚睡大约八个小时。我从不熬夜。充足的睡眠对你的健康很重要。 保持健康的最好方法是吃得好、经常锻炼、睡眠充足。你有好习惯吗？让我们过健康的生活吧！

🔑 重点词汇讲解

how often

用法：询问频率"多久一次"。回答：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once/twice/three times a week。辨析：how often 问频率；how long 问时长；how soon 问多久以后；how many/much 问数量。

hardly ever

释义：几乎从不，很少。位置：行前be后。例句：She hardly ever exercises. 她几乎从不锻炼。注意：hardly 本身含否定意义，反义疑问句用肯定形式。延伸：hardly any 几乎没有。

junk food

释义：垃圾食品（高盐、高糖、高脂肪但低营养的食品）。搭配：eat junk food 吃垃圾食品；avoid junk food 避免垃圾食品。延伸：healthy food 健康食品；fast food 快餐；organic food 有机食品。

twice a week

频率表达：once a week 每周一次；twice a week 每周两次；three times a week 每周三次。注意："两次"用 twice，不用 two times；"一次"用 once，不用 one time。三次及以上用"数字+times"。

stay up late

短语：stay up late 熬夜，睡得晚。延伸：stay up 熬夜（不睡）；stay at home 待在家；stay healthy 保持健康。反义：go to bed early 早睡。注意：stay 可作系动词，表"保持某种状态"。

keep healthy

搭配：keep healthy = keep fit = stay healthy 保持健康。用法：keep + adj. 保持某种状态。如 keep quiet 保持安静；keep clean 保持清洁。延伸：health n. 健康；healthy adj. 健康的；healthily adv. 健康地。

enough /i'nʌf/

用法：①adj. 足够的，修饰名词（enough time/money）；②adv. 足够地，修饰形容词/副词时后置（old enough, fast enough）。搭配：...enough to do sth. 足够……做某事。

habit /'hæbit/

搭配：good/bad habits 好/坏习惯；eating habits 饮食习惯；form a habit of 养成……习惯；break a habit 改掉习惯。延伸：habitual adj. 习惯的；habitually adv. 习惯地。近义词：custom 习俗（社会层面）。

📋 单词列表（第 118-154 词，共 37 词）

短文 20：My Best Friend 性格与交友

📖 短文内容

My best friend is Lucy. She is more outgoing than me. I am shy and quiet. She likes talking to people and making friends. I like reading books alone. But we both like music and movies. Lucy is taller than me, but I am smarter. She runs faster, but I study harder. We are different in many ways, but we get along well. A good friend is like a mirror — they help you become a better person. There are many movie theaters in our city. Which one is the best? The Big Screen has the most comfortable seats and the biggest screens. The sound is the best. But the tickets are the most expensive. The Town Cinema is the cheapest and has the friendliest service. I usually go there. What do you look for in a friend? Is it important to be the same? I think friends shouldcare about each other and help each other. True friendship lasts forever!

📝 参考翻译

我最好的朋友是露西。她比我更外向。我害羞又安静。她喜欢和人交谈、交朋友。我喜欢独自看书。但我们都喜欢音乐和电影。 露西比我高，但我更聪明。她跑得更快，但我学习更努力。我们在很多方面不同，但我们相处得很好。好朋友就像一面镜子——他们帮助你成为更好的人。 我们城市有很多电影院。哪一个最好？大屏幕影院有最舒适的座位和最大的屏幕。音响效果最好。但票是最贵的。城镇影院最便宜，服务最友好。我通常去那里。 你在朋友身上寻找什么？相同很重要吗？我认为朋友应该互相关心、互相帮助。真正的友谊地久天长！

🔑 重点词汇讲解

more outgoing

比较级：outgoing → more outgoing（多音节词前加 more）。最高级：most outgoing。句型：A is more + adj. + than B. A比B更……。反义：quiet 安静的；shy 害羞的。

both /bəuθ/

用法：both 两者都（用于两个人或物）。搭配：both A and B A和B都；both of us 我们俩都。位置：行前be后。辨析：both 两者都；all 三者及以上都；neither 两者都不；none 三者及以上都不。

get along well

短语：get along well with sb. = get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽。延伸：get along 相处，进展；get along with sth. 某事进展如何。例句：We get along well. 我们相处得很好。

like a mirror

释义：像一面镜子。名言：A good friend is like a mirror. 好朋友就像一面镜子。延伸：mirror n. 镜子；reflect v. 反映，反射。搭配：look in the mirror 照镜子。

the most comfortable

最高级：comfortable → the most comfortable（多音节词前加 most）。句型：A is the most + adj. + of/in... A在……中最……。注意：最高级前通常加 the，副词最高级可省略。比较级：more comfortable。

the friendliest service

最高级：friendly → friendliest（以y结尾变y为i加est）。搭配：friendly service 友好的服务；good service 好服务。延伸：serve v. 服务；servant n. 仆人；service n. 服务。

care about

短语：care about 关心，在意。辨析：care about 关心（人/事）；care for 照顾，喜欢；take care of 照顾，处理。例句：Friends should care about each other. 朋友应该互相关心。

friendship /'frendʃip/

构词：friend（朋友）+ -ship（名词后缀，表关系/状态）= 友谊。同类词：relationship 关系；membership 会员资格；leadership 领导力。搭配：true friendship 真正的友谊；build friendship 建立友谊。

📋 单词列表（第 155-228 词，共 74 词）

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