【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社|必修三|Unit 2: Making a difference|语法&口语和写作

学习重点

Ø词汇学习 【高中英语这样学】【回归课本】外研社｜必修三｜Unit 2: Making a difference｜词汇学习

Ø语法：-ed as attributive 

Ø口语&写作：Write a biography & Recommend a ‘Person of the Year’

语法：‑ed分词作定语（过去分词作定语）

核心语法讲解

1 概念

过去分词(-ed)作定语，修饰名词，表示被动、已经完成。

- 逻辑：被修饰的名词 ← 承受这个动作（被动），动作已经做完。

- 位置：

① 单个‑ed分词：放在名词前面

例：a broken window 一扇被打碎的窗户

② ‑ed分词短语（带介词/副词）：放在名词后面，等价于被动语态的定语从句。

the words spoken by his teacher

= the words which were spoken by his teacher

老师所说的话

the finished well

= the well which was finished

完工的井

2 对比：‑ed（被动完成） vs ‑ing（主动进行）

1.‑ed：被……；已经……（被动、完成）

the damaged countries 遭到破坏的国家（国家被战争破坏）

2.‑ing：主动；正在……

the developing world 发展中世界（世界自身在发展）

口诀：名词承受动作用‑ed；名词发出动作用‑ing

3 定语从句 ↔ 过去分词短语改写（高考必考改写）

被动定语从句 which / who + be done  → 去掉关系代词+be动词，直接用 done

例句：

原句：The money which is raised by his foundation supports schools.

改写：The money raised by his foundation supports schools.

他基金会筹集的这笔钱资助学校。

原句：the words which were spoken by Ryan

改写：the words spoken by Ryan

Ryan所说的话

4 教材原句重点

1.…Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher…

翻译：瑞安很难相信老师所说的那些话。

words承受speak，被动，后置定语

2.Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.

翻译：瑞安终于亲眼看到那口完工的井。

well承受finish，被动完成，单个形容词放名词前

阅读练习

The United Nations Children’s Fund, also known as UNICEF, is a United Nations (UN) organisation based in New York. It offers help needed by children all over the world.

UNICEF was founded on 11 December 1946, to provide food and healthcare to children in countries damaged in World War II. Since 1953, UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing world, including those living with diseases or disabilities, and those affected by rapid modernisation and environmental problems.

Now, UNICEF has been working to improve the lives of children and their families across 190 countries and territories.

关键点小结

known as 被称作；based in 坐落于；help needed 需要的援助

countries damaged 被破坏的国家；developing world 发展中国家（主动进行）

those living… 那些生活在……的人（主动，用‑ing）；those affected 那些受影响的人（被动，‑ed）

拓展：描述人物性格品质（Personal qualities）

词汇（写作、读后续写可用）

sensitive adj.敏感的；serious adj.严肃的；bookish adj.爱读书的

independent adj.独立的；generous adj.慷慨大方的；honest adj.诚实的

confident adj.自信的；creative adj.有创造力的；easygoing adj.随和的

a sense of humour 幽默感；somewhat lazy 有点懒惰

写作例句（‑ed作定语+人物品质结合）

1.Inspired by the generous boy, many people donated money for children in damaged areas.

翻译：受这位慷慨男孩的鼓舞，很多人为受灾地区的孩子捐款。

2.The support collected from the public helped those affected kids live a better life.

翻译：从公众募集来的援助帮助那些受影响的孩子过上更好的生活。

自测题

Ⅰ英译汉，注意‑ed定语

1.the books written by the famous scientist ________________________

2.the help needed by homeless children ________________________

3.the well‑known organisation based in New York ________________________

Ⅱ句型改写：把定语从句改为过去分词‑ed作定语

1.The suggestion which was put forward by Li Mei is practical.

→________________________________________________

2.The money which was collected will go to children affected by poverty.

→________________________________________________

Ⅲ单选

1.The book, ______ by a young biologist, has attracted wide attention.

A. writing B. written  C. wrote  D. to write

2.The houses ______ in the flood will be rebuilt soon.

A. damaging B. damaged C. being damage D. having damaged

3.The girl ______ confidence is an independent thinker.

A. filled with B. filling with C. to fill D. fill

Ⅳ中译英

1.这位慷慨的女孩把收集到的物资送给受灾害影响的孩子们。

参考答案

Ⅰ英译汉

1.那位著名科学家写的书籍

2.无家可归的孩子所需要的帮助

3.总部设于纽约的知名组织

Ⅱ句型改写

1.The suggestion put forward by Li Mei is practical.

2.The money collected will go to children affected by poverty.

Ⅲ单选

1.B 2.B  3.A

Ⅳ中译英

The generous girl sent the supplies collected to the children affected by disasters.

口语&写作：Write a biography & Recommend a ‘Person of the Year’

一、核心写作知识：传记biography写作框架

一篇标准人物传记分三部分：

Introduction（开头）—Main body（主体，时间顺序）—Conclusion（结尾评价）

1.Introduction 开头：基本信息+总述最大成就

要点：姓名、生卒/出生时间地点，一句话概括其历史贡献。

模板句：Tu Youyou, born on 30 December 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, is a distinguished medical scientist best‑known for discovering qinghaosu.

翻译：屠呦呦，1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波，是杰出的医学科学家，以发现青蒿素闻名。

2.Main body主体：严格按时间顺序叙事

课本时间标记短语

- In (year), … 在……年

- On (date), … 在……日期

- At the age of… 在……岁时

- At one point, … 曾经，有一段时间

- Later, … 后来

- By (year), … 到……为止

- Finally, … 最终

3.Conclusion结尾：评价人物品质+社会意义

模板句：Her devotion and perseverance have saved millions of lives across the globe, setting a great example for young scientists.

翻译：她的奉献与毅力拯救全球数百万人生命，为年轻科学家树立榜样。

二、高频写作&口语词汇

个人品质

distinguished adj.杰出的；devotion n.奉献；perseverance n.毅力

determined adj.意志坚定的；modest adj.谦逊的；committed adj.全身心投入的

generous adj.慷慨的；confident adj.自信的；creative adj.富有创造力的

成就类高频短语

extract…from… 从……提取……

discover a treatment for malaria 发现疟疾疗法

obtain a certificate 获得证书

win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

aim to do 旨在做……；work as leader of a research team 担任研究团队负责人

口语人物推荐句型

1.I recommend… because… 我推荐……因为……

2.I think … is the best choice, because… 我认为……是最佳人选，因为……

3.I agree with him/her. 我同意他/她的观点。

4.Really? I don’t think so. I think… 是吗？我不这么认为。我认为……

三、屠呦呦传记范文

Tu Youyou

Tu Youyou, born on 30 December 1930 in Ningbo, Zhejiang, is a famous Chinese medical scientist whose greatest achievement is the discovery of qinghaosu.

In 1951, she entered Beijing Medical College for further study. After her graduation in 1955, she began to work at China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and has stayed there ever since. At one point in 1969, she took charge of a research team, aiming to find a cure for malaria. In 1972, she successfully managed to extract qinghaosu from a Chinese herb, which works well against malaria. Later in 1986, she obtained the New Drug Certificate for qinghaosu. By 2015, she had won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for this vital discovery.

Tu Youyou’s perseverance and devotion have saved countless people suffering from malaria all over the world. She sets an inspiring example for teenagers, encouraging us to stick to our scientific dreams.

中文翻译：

屠呦呦1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波，是中国著名医学科学家，她最大成就是发现青蒿素。

1951年，她进入北京医学院深造。1955年毕业后，她在中国中医科学院工作，并一直任职于此。1969年，她带领研究团队，目标寻找疟疾治疗方案。1972年，她成功从中草药提取青蒿素，可以有效对抗疟疾。之后在1986年，她拿到青蒿素新药证书。到2015年，她凭借这项重大发现获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

屠呦呦的毅力与奉献拯救全世界无数疟疾患者。她为青少年树立鼓舞人心的榜样，激励我们坚守科学梦想。

四、口语任务模板：Person of the Year年度人物推荐

示例

I would like to recommend Tu Youyou as Person of the Year.

Her main achievement is discovering qinghaosu, which has saved millions of lives.

As for personal qualities, she is determined, modest and devoted to scientific research.

I recommend her because she never gave up in face of difficulties and made huge contributions to the whole world.

五、自测题

Ⅰ英译汉

1.extract…from… ________________________

2.aim to discover a treatment for malaria ________________________

3.the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ________________________

4.personal qualities ________________________

5.at the age of ________________________

Ⅱ汉译英

1.担任研究团队负责人 ________________________

2.获得新药证书 ________________________

3.为……树立榜样 ________________________

4.致力于科学研究 ________________________

5.我推荐……因为……（口语句型）________________________

Ⅲ句型改写（把两个简单句合并为定语从句）

1.Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. The prize honours her discovery of qinghaosu.

→________________________________________________

2.Qinghaosu comes from a Chinese herb. It is effective in fighting malaria.

→________________________________________________

Ⅳ小写作（100词左右，仿写传记开头+主体片段）

写一小段介绍袁隆平：出生1930，致力于杂交水稻研究，帮助解决粮食短缺。

参考答案

Ⅰ英译汉

1.从……提取……

2.旨在找到疟疾的治疗方案

3.诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

4.个人品质

5.在……岁时

Ⅱ汉译英

1.work as the leader of a research team

2.obtain a New Drug Certificate

3.set an example for…

4.be devoted to scientific research

5.I recommend…because…

Ⅲ句型改写

1.Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize which honours her discovery of qinghaosu.

2.Qinghaosu, which is effective in fighting malaria, comes from a Chinese herb.

Ⅳ小写作参考范文

Yuan Longping, born in 1930, is a great Chinese agricultural scientist. He is best known for developing hybrid rice. At one point, he carried out plenty of field research. His research aimed to increase rice output and helped solve food shortage problems for millions of people. Devoted to his work all his life, he is respected by people across the world.