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大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷( 一)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions Suppose your cousin is going to write a resume and he writes to you to seek your advice
: ,
on how to make it distinctive. You are now to write a suggestion letter to him. You will have 30
minutes to write the letter. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 25 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you
: , ,
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
, ),
B C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
), ) )
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Wait for the hurricane to stop.
B) Call 911 for help.
C) Leave their homes immediately.
D) Turn to social media websites for help.
2. A) Their colleagues.
B) Their neighbors.
C) The local fire department.
D) A restaurant where they had dinner.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) A piece of multi-use furniture for kids.
B) A camera for watching children in another room.
C) A young boy’s daily life with his twin brother.
D) A young boy rescuing his brother trapped under a piece of furniture.
4. A) Playing with a new camera.
B) Trying to move a dresser.
C) Trying to climb to the top of a dresser.
D) Climbing the wall in their bedroom.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Icebergs float through these waters between May and July.
B) Its fresh water comes from melting icebergs.
1
· ·C) People can see icebergs from the coast.
D) There is a huge iceberg sitting on the coast.
6. A) It has a population of 5,000 people.
B) Its pillar industry is tourism.
C) Its residents are good at fishing.
D) It has only one small inn.
7. A) It will melt within 10 days.
B) It will be pushed into the sea by ocean currents.
C) It will be used as the background of films.
D) It will be pushed into the sea by local residents.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) A single room. C) A family room.
B) A double room. D) A suite.
9. A) He is here on a research mission. C) He is here for meeting friends.
B) He is here for sightseeing. D) He is here on a business trip.
10. A) Free airport shuttle service.
B) A full continental buffet every evening.
C) Use of the minibar in the room.
D) Room service provided by the hotel.
11. A) In the morning. C) In the afternoon.
B) At noon. D) Before midnight.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) A lighting cameraman. C) A movie maker.
B) A film and video editor. D) A film director.
13. A) Wonderful. C) Challenging.
B) Frustrating. D) Difficult.
14. A) There are no office hour limits.
B) Employees are reluctant to work overtime.
C) Employees work more than 16 hours a day.
D) Working overtime is very common.
15. A) They are much more effective. C) They are socially great.
B) They are sometimes annoying. D) They are not so common.
2
· ·Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Cars and iron ore. C) Iron ore and people.
B) Animals and iron ore. D) People and animals.
17. A) It includes three infrastructure companies.
B) It has 24 operators to run the services.
C) It has no state-owned companies.
D) It is a highly complex system.
18. A) He thinks British trains are the most punctual in the world.
B) He never complains to the Rail Passenger Council.
C) He constantly encounters the poor train service.
D) He often complains about the poor train service.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) The trifles of daily life. C) The basics of relationships.
B) The standards of relationships. D) The feelings of romantic gestures.
20. A) It needs something special. C) It is highly demanding.
B) It is the source of happiness. D) It doesn’t exist in real life.
21. A) There are many ups and downs in life.
B) It is hard to find a healthy relationship.
C) People tend to think highly of themselves.
D) People have easy access to meeting strangers.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They are liable to attack. C) They like to smell people.
B) They are as smart as cats. D) They are independent.
23. A) Strong. C) Quiet.
B) Neat. D) Loyal.
24. A) They can be trained to deliver things.
B) They can be put to use as guide dogs.
C) They can be used to work as police dogs.
D) They can be trained to help the disabled.
25. A) Evaluating dogs’ reaction to different cancers.
B) Using dogs to discover early-stage cancer.
3
· ·C) Examining dogs’ highly sophisticated sensor.
D) Investigating the functions of dogs’ noses.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Ask a left-wing Briton what he believes about the safety of nuclear power, and you can guess his
answer. Ask a right-wing American about the risks posed by climate change, and you can also make a
26 guess than if you didn’t know his political affiliation. Issues like these feel like they should be
27 by science, not our political tribes, but sadly, that’s not what happens.
Psychology has long shown that education and intelligence won’t stop your politics from 28
your broader world view, even if those beliefs do not match the hard evidence. Instead, your ability to
weigh up the facts may depend on a less well-recognised trait— 29 .
There is now a mountain of 30 to show that politics doesn’t just help predict people’s views
on some scientific issues; it also affects how they interpret new information. This is why it is a 31
to think that you can somehow “correct” people’s views on an issue by giving them more facts, since
study after study has shown that people have a tendency to 32 reject facts that don’t fit their
existing views.
But smarter people shouldn’t be susceptible to prejudice swaying their opinions, right? Wrong. Other
research shows that people with the most education, the highest mathematical abilities, and the strongest
tendencies to be reflective about their beliefs are the most 33 to resist information which should
contradict their prejudices. This undermines the simplistic assumption that prejudices are the result of
too much gut instinct and not enough deep thought. Rather, people who have the 34 for deeper
thought about an issue can use those cognitive powers to justify what they already believe and find
reasons to dismiss apparently 35 evidence.
A) better I) flexibility
B) competitively J) identical
C) contrary K) informed
D) curiosity L) likely
E) evidence M) mistake
F) explained N) selectively
G) facility O) shaping
H) fact
4
· ·Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How to Fix the Internet
A) We have to fix the internet. After 40 years, it has begun to corrode, both itself and us. It is
still a marvelous and miraculous invention, but now there are bugs in the foundation, bats in the belfry,
and trolls in the basement.
B) I do not mean this to be one of those technophobic rants insulting the Internet for rewiring our
brains to give us the nervous attention span or pontificating about how we have to log off and smell the
flowers. Those worries about new technologies have existed ever since Plato was concerned that the
演讲术
technology of writing would threaten memorization and oratory( ). I love the Internet and all of
its digital offshoots. What I feel sad for is its decline.
C) There is a bug in its original design that at first seemed like a feature but has gradually, and
now rapidly, been exploited by hackers and trolls and malevolent actors: Its packets are encoded with
the address of their destination but not of their authentic origin. With a circuit-switched network, you
can track or trace back the origins of the information, but that’s not true with the packet-switched
design of the Internet.
D) Compounding this was the architecture that Tim Berners-Lee and the inventors of the early
browsers created for the World Wide Web. It brilliantly allowed the whole of the earth’s computers to
be webbed together and navigated through hyperlinks. But the links were one-way. You knew where the
links took you. But if you had a web page or a piece of content, you didn’t exactly know who was
linking up with you or coming to use your content.
E) All of that protected the potential for anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go
to a web page anonymously. Consume content anonymously. With a little effort, send emails
anonymously. And if you figured out a way to get into someone’s servers or databases, you could do it
anonymously.
F) For years, the benefits of anonymity on the Net outweighed its drawbacks. People felt freer to
express themselves, which was especially valuable if they were holding different opinions or hiding a
New Yorker
personal secret. This was celebrated in the famous 1993 cartoon, “On the Internet, nobody
knows you’re a dog.”
G) Now the problem is nobody can tell if you’re a troll, or a hacker, or a bot. This has poisoned
civil discourse, enabled hacking, permitted cyberbullying, and made email a risk.
身份认证
H) The lack of secure identification and authentication( ) inherent in the Internet’s
genetic code had also prevented easy transactions, obstructed financial inclusion, destroyed the business
5
· ·垃圾邮件
models of content creators, unleashed the overflow of spam( ), and forced us to use passwords
and two-factor authentication schemes. The trillions being spent and the IQ points of computer science
talent being allocated to tackle security issues make it a drag, rather that a spur, to productivity in some
sectors.
Republic
I) In Plato’s , we learn the tale of the Ring of Gyges. Put it on, and you’re invisible and
anonymous. The question that Plato asks is whether those who put on the ring will be civil and
moral. He thinks not. The Internet has proven him correct. The Web is no longer a place of
community, no longer a marketplace. Every day more sites are eliminating comments sections.
J) If we could start from scratch, here’s what I think we would do: Create a system that enables
信息汇集公司
content producers to negotiate with aggregators( ) and search engines to get a royalty
whenever their content is used, like ASCAP has negotiated for public performances and radio airings of
嵌入
its members’ works. Embed( ) a simple digital wallet and currency for quick and easy small
payments for songs, blogs, articles, and whatever other digital content is for sale. Encode emails with
an authenticated return or originating address. Enforce critical properties and security at the lowest
levels of the system possible, such as in the hardware or in the programming language, instead of
leaving it to programmers to incorporate security into every line of code they write. Build chips and
machines that update the notion of an Internet packet. For those who want, their packets could be
元数据
encoded or tagged with metadata( ) that describe what they contain and give the rules for how
the content can be used.
K) Most Internet engineers think that these reforms are possible, from Vint Cerf, the original
TCP/IP coauthor, to Milo Medin of Google, to Howard Shrobe, the director of cybersecurity at
MIT. “We don’t need to live in cyber hell,” Shrobe has argued. Implementing them is less a matter of
technology than of cost and social will. Some people, understandably, will resist any reduction of
anonymity, which they sometimes label privacy.
L) So the best approach, I think, would be to try to create a voluntary system, for those who want
to use it, to have verified identification and authentication. People would not be forced to use such a
system. If they wanted to communicate and surf anonymously, they could. But those of us who choose,
at times, not to be anonymous and not to deal with people who are anonymous should have that right as
well. That’s the way it works in the real world.
M) The benefits would be many: easy and secure ways to deal with your finances and medical
records, small payment systems that could reward valued content rather than the current incentive to
concentrate on clickbait for advertising, less hacking, spamming, cyberbullying, trolling, and spewing
of anonymous hate, and the possibility of a more civil discourse.
36. The one-way hyperlinks enable users to do many things online anonymously.
37. Although anonymity can make people conceal their identity online, now it has poisoned their
online life.
6
· ·38. To adopt the voluntary system would be advantageous to our online life in a number of
aspects.
39. There are several ways to reduce anonymity if we can rebuild the Internet from the very
beginning.
40. The author suggested inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they
wish.
41. People’s concern about new technologies can be traced back a long time ago.
42. Pubic opposition could become one of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the reforms.
43. The hazard of anonymity mentioned by Plato has been shown on the Internet.
44. People used to think that anonymity online did more good than harm.
45. It is the design of the Internet that makes it impossible to find out where the information comes
from.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Teacher burnout and student stress may be linked, according to a study of the University of British
Columbia.
The study is the first of its kind to examine the connection between teacher burnout and students’
皮质醇
cortisol( ) levels, which are a biological indicator of stress.
唾液
Researchers collected saliva( ) samples from over 400 elementary schoolchildren and tested
their cortisol levels. They found that in classrooms in which teachers experienced more burnout or
feelings of emotional exhaustion, students’ cortisol levels were elevated. Higher cortisol levels in
elementary schoolchildren have been linked to learning difficulties as well as mental health problems.
传染
“This suggests that stress contagion( ) might be taking place in the classroom among students
and their teachers,” said Eva Oberle, the study’s lead author and newly appointed assistant professor
with the Human Early Learning Partnership(HELP) at UBC’ s school of population and public
health. “It is unknown what came first—elevated cortisol or teacher burnout. We consider the
connection between student and teacher stress a cyclical problem in the classroom.”
Oberle said a stressful classroom climate could be a result of inadequate support for teachers,
which may impact teachers’ ability to effectively manage their students. A poorly managed classroom
7
· ·can contribute to students’ needs not being met and increasing stress. This could be reflected in
elevated cortisol levels in students.
Alternatively, stress could originate from students, who may be more challenging to teach because
of increases in anxiety, behavioral problems, or special needs. In this situation, teachers could feel
overwhelmed and report higher levels of burnout.
“Our study is a reminder of the systemic issues facing teachers and educators as classroom sizes
increase and support for teachers is cut,” said Oberle.
“It is clear from a number of recent research studies that teaching is one of the most stressful
professions, and that teachers need adequate resources and support in their jobs in order to battle
burnout and alleviate stress in the classroom,” said UBC education professor Kimberly Schonert-Reichl,
the study’s co-author and director of HELP. “If we do not support teachers, we risk the collateral
damage of students.”
46. It can be concluded from the research made by the University of British Columbia
that .
A) cortisol levels were verified to be a reliable indicator of pressure
B) children’ cortisol levels were measured by their saliva
C) students’ cortisol levels were influenced by teacher burnout
D) the rising of cortisol levels was related to psychological problems
47. Which of the following identities belongs to Eva Oberle?
A) Child-education specialist.
B) The sole author of the study.
C) UBS assistant professor.
D) The new director of HELP.
48. According to Eva Oberle, increased cortisol and teacher tiredness occurred .
A) by chance C) at the same time
B) in a known sequence D) in cycles
49. What did Kimberly Schonert-Reichl suggest providing for teachers who want to struggle with
occupational burnout?
A) The increase in class sizes.
B) Sufficient resources for the work.
C) A long break from teaching.
D) The stress relief in the classroom.
50. The word “collateral” in the last paragraph most probably means “ ”.
A) indirect C) immediate
B) permanent D) temporary
8
· ·Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
谚语
The old romantic adage( ) is a cute one, but according to recent studies, opposites don’t
necessarily attract.
Research shows that people tend to seek out relationships with—and eventually marry—partners
who have similar defining characteristics, such as age, political orientation, religion, education, and
income.
“Generally speaking, when we think about opposites attracting or not, we’re thinking in terms of
personality rather than these big key essential factors,” says Vinita Mehta, a clinical psychologist and
writer based in Washington, D.C.
One big factor as to why this may be is simply your stage of life; where you live, what lifestyle you
have, and what kind of people you’re exposed to.
“If you’re on a college campus, by and large, you’re going to find people who are in your age
group,” Mehta says. “You’re going to find people who at least eventually become part of the same
阶层
general income strata( ).”
Researchers from the University of Kansas made a bolder claim. A study released earlier this year
analyzed real-world relationships and asked couples(romantic partners, friends and acquaintances)
about attitudes, behavior, values, prejudices, and personality traits that were important to them. The
pairs that had closer and more intimate relationships were not necessarily more similar than newly
formed pairs, and people shared similarities on almost every personal issue that was measured.
The leading psychologists on this study believe this doesn’t happen by chance; it’s so common
and widespread that seeking out like-minded people may be our psychological default when we make
new friends or romantic partners. We certainly get the most out of these relationships. They make us
more comfortable and trusting of the other person, and that makes it easier to cooperate and achieve
goals.
情绪不稳定性
As far personalities go, connecting on major traits, like levels of neuroticism( ) and
conscientiousness, generally lead to happier couples. But that doesn’t mean you and your significant
怪癖
other need to agree on everything. Having different quirks( )—less defining parts of your
personality, like your favorite sport or foods—can introduce you to new activities and ways of thinking,
which can make you a more well-rounded person.
51. What does the phrase “these big key essential factors”(Line 2, Para. 3) refer to?
A) These similar defining characteristics.
B) These similar psychological characteristics.
C) The different cultural factors.
D) The different geographic factors.
9
· ·52. According to Vinita Mehta, college students tend to make friends with people of
similar .
A) religion B) character C) age D) background
53. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the research conducted by the
University of Kansas?
A) The participants were asked questions about their partners.
B) The similarity between partners may not change with intimacy.
C) The subjects have almost everything in common.
D) The phenomenon takes places accidentally.
54. What is the purpose of citing the studies in the passage?
A) To show what kind of people we should get acquainted with.
B) To find out what stage of life we are in.
C) To prove we are drawn to what is familiar.
D) To introduce the advantages like-minded people can bring to us.
55. What’s the author’s attitude towards the similarities between couples?
A) Positive. B) Negative. C) Uninterested. D) Objective.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中医 有五千多年的历史 是中国古代劳动人民几千年对抗疾病
(Traditional Chinese Medicine) ,
的经验总结 中医学运用阴阳理论来解释人体的生理和病理现象 阴阳和五行是中医的理论基
。 。
础 中医使用中药 针灸 以及许多其他治疗手段 使人体达到阴阳调和 虽然在西
。 、 (acupuncture) , 。
方医学和中医之间仍然有很大的鸿沟 但目前传统中医已经遍布世界 多个国家和地区 有
, 160 。
人甚至戏称中医是中国的第五大发明
。
10
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷( 二)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions Suppose you have two options on how to go on your tour one is to go on a package tour
: :
and the other is to go on a self-guided tour. You are to write an essay on your choice and explain the
reasons. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than
180 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 25 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you
: , ,
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
, ),
B C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
), ) )
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Because the storm had cut power to them.
B) Because the roads to them had been flooded.
C) Because there might be mud slides.
D) Because there might be tsunami.
2. A) It is expected to last until Saturday afternoon.
B) It has caused over 300 traffic deaths.
C) It is the strongest one in years.
D) It will be at its strongest on Saturday afternoon.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) A car crash. C) A burglary.
B) A bushfire. D) A terrorist attack.
4. A) More than 15 homes had moved out.
B) More than 50 homes had joined the fight.
C) They had not had the fire under control yet.
D) They had found a way to put out the fire.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) They are useful in terms of security but have rusted.
B) They are useful in terms of security but not beautiful.
C) They are no longer strong enough to protect the tower.
D) They are no longer needed as a photo spot.
11
· ·6. A) It is the most visited monument in the world.
B) It is totally free of charge for visiting.
C) The entry to the forecourt of the tower is free.
D) The entry to the forecourt of the tower will be charged.
7. A) Less visitor entrances. C) Ornamental lights.
B) More security guards. D) Better elevators.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) He played tennis for his high school team.
B) He played football for his high school team.
C) He played tennis starting from his junior year.
D) He played tennis starting from his senior year.
9. A) Tennis. B) Basketball. C) Golf. D) Volleyball.
10. A) Because he has a lot in common with the woman.
B) Because he thinks the woman is a good player.
C) Because his team lacks girl players.
D) Because his team can learn a lot from the woman.
11. A) Join the man to watch a match.
B) Visit a new stadium with the man.
C) Watch the man play in a match.
D) Join the man to play in a match.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) An interview between a customer and a shopping assistant.
B) An interview between an airport staff and a passenger.
C) A conversation between two working staff about the airport’s future improvement.
D) A conversation between an air-hostess and a passenger about the inflight meal service.
13. A) Because many people want to stay in shape.
B) Because he wants to take every chance to improve his health.
C) Because many people are tired after long flights.
D) Because massaging will be a good way to kill time.
14. A) Seasonal ones. C) Local ones.
B) Fresh ones. D) Juicy ones.
15. A) Disappointing. C) Outdated.
B) Satisfying. D) Lovely.
12
· ·Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Because the planets are the same size as Earth.
B) Because the planets are similar in many aspects to Earth.
C) Because the planets are capable of supporting life.
D) Because the planets have water on their surface.
17. A) They are rocky planets. C) They are covered by water.
B) They are gaseous like Jupiter. D) They are covered by sea ice.
18. A) Because it has the right temperature and enough greenhouse gases.
B) Because it has the right amount of water and enough greenhouse gases.
C) Because it has the right atmosphere and enough greenhouse gases.
D) Because it has the right gravity and enough greenhouse gases.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) They should be widely used in the field of social services.
B) They should be blamed for the increasing unemployment.
C) They should be taxed the same amount as the people they replace.
D) They should be taxed more than the ordinary people.
20. A) They will surely face massive unemployment.
B) They will need less income tax to spend.
C) They will have less income tax to spend.
D) They will have no need to cope with the changes.
21. A) Psychologists. C) Room cleaners.
B) Police officers. D) Doctors.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) People who sleep late are smarter and more creative.
B) People who sleep late are always late for their jobs.
C) People who sleep late are easily irritated.
D) People who sleep late are slow and ineffective in their jobs.
23. A) You will feel exhausted all day long.
B) You can’t justify your lateness.
C) You will be late for your work.
D) You can’t find persuasive excuses.
24. A) Because they can fully enjoy themselves late at night.
B) Because they can fully concentrate their attention late at night.
13
· ·C) Because they can read the most fascinating book late at night.
D) Because they can make rapid progress in mentality late at night.
25. A) Group intelligence tests. C) Deductive reasoning tests.
B) Emotional intelligence tests. D) Inductive reasoning tests.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Passwords are troubling. They’ re either easy to 26 or hard to remember, and when
突破
breaches( ) 27 you have to come up with a whole new one. So people are trying to do away
with passwords altogether, and so far fingerprint scanners are doing the job nicely.
Still, fingerprints alone are not 28 . Online security has become 29 important, forcing
验证
service providers to come up with better measures such as two-factor authentication( ) to 30
生物计量
user information. Companies are turning to other parts of our bodies to find biometric(
的
) 31 that are up to the task, and our faces and eyes are at the top of the list. Although facial
and eye-based recognition appear gimmicky for now, they may soon become as prevalent and popular as
fingerprint scanners. That pairing could root out passwords and clunky text-message two-factor 32
altogether, making it a completely biometric process.
The popularity, prevalence and convenience of fingerprint scanning means it is here to stay, and
by no means are face and eye recognition meant to 33 it. Choudhury sees the newer method as a
complement to fingerprints, providing a more convenient second-factor authentication as opposed to
entering a text code sent to your phone. While the tech we have right now may not be fast or secure
enough to be truly convenient and helpful, we’re getting close. Using the adoption of fingerprint
虹膜
scanners as a 34 , Choudhury estimated we are about five years away from iris( ) scanners and
face detection becoming 35 . Until then, we’ll have to deal with changing our crappy passwords so
often and hope we don’t forget them.
A) complements I) interfere
B) conceptions J) model
C) crack K) occur
D) defend L) replace
E) enough M) traditionally
F) identify N) verification
G) inappropriate O) widespread
H) increasingly
14
· ·Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Take Naps at Work. Apologize to No One
A) In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work, a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while
on the clock. And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it. I couldn’t feel better about it, and
my productivity reflects it, too.
B) Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos—like leaving your desk for lunch or taking
an afternoon walk—that we’re taught to look down on. If someone naps at 2 p.m. while the rest of us
偷懒
furiously write memos and respond to emails, surely it must mean they’re slacking off( ). Or so
the assumption goes.
C) Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of
仓鼠
productivity. It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster( ) wheel of activity by immediately responding
to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time. But a growing
field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater
productivity.
D) Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out
and not recovering from the workday, said Josh Bersin, Principal and Founder of Bersin by
Deloitte. “They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem, and they can’t just say to people,
‘Here’s a work-life balance course, go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’” Mr. Bersin
said. “It’s a way more complicated than that.”
E) To be sure, the ability to nap at work is far from widespread, experts said. Few among us have
the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest. But lunch hours and coffee breaks can
be great times to duck out, and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you
need to make your case to inquiring bosses.
F) In an ideal world, we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s
sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that. But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick
power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.
Nature Neuroscience
G) In a study published in , researchers tested subjects on their perceptual
performance four times throughout the day. Performance deteriorated with each test, but subjects who
took a 30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance, and those who took a 60-
minute nap even reversed it.
H) “Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap,”
said Sara Mednick, a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of
California, Riverside.
15
· ·Take a Nap Change Your Life
I) Dr. Mednick, a sleep researcher and the author of ! , said daytime
napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep, and different types of naps offer specific
benefits.
J) For example, Dr. Mednick said a 20- to 60-minute nap might help with memorization and
learning specific bits of information. It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep, or non-rapid eye
movement(R.E.M.) sleep.
K) “After 60 minutes, you start getting into R.E.M. sleep, most often associated with that deep,
dreaming state we all enjoy at night. R.E.M. sleep can improve creativity, perceptual processing and
highly associative thinking, which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,” Dr.
Mednick said. “Beyond that, your best bet is a90-minute nap, which will give you a full sleep cycle.”
L) Any nap, however, can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that
creeps in during the day, experts said.
紧密相连
M) So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied( ) to
working long, concentrated hours? Blame technology, but think broader than smartphones and laptops;
the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.
N) “We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring
it,” Mr. Bersin said. “They were assuming that if we give people more tools, more emails, more
slack, more chatter, and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all. And I think
they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem, and it is affecting productivity, engagement,
health, safety, wellness and all sorts of things.”
午睡
O) It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta( ). A 2015 study
Current Biology
published in looked at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies
in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.
P) “They’re active in the morning, then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of
quiet time, but they’ re not generally napping,” said Jerome Siegel, professor of psychiatry and
biobehavioral sciences, and director of the U. C. L. A. Center for Sleep Research, a co-author of the
study. “Then they do some work and go to sleep, and they sleep through the night.”
Q) Still, Mr. Siegel said, “The only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the
night before with a solid night’s sleep.” The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule
with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night, which experts say is optimal.
R) “Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,” Mr. Siegel said. “But it’s not as simple
as going to the gas station and filling the tank.” He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and
waking around the same time every morning, even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every
使适应
night. This helps acclimate( ) your body to your regular wake-up time, regardless of how much
sleep you got the night before.
S) So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try (or just starting
to nod off), here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap: Find a quiet, unoccupied space where you won’t
16
· ·be disturbed. Try to make your area as dim as possible (or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the
office). Earplugs might help, too. Aim for around 20 minutes. Any longer than that and you’re likely
睡眠惰性 头脑昏沉的
to wake up with sleep inertia( ), which will leave you even groggier( ) than
before.
36. Participants’ perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an
Nature Neuroscience
article in .
37. Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people
tackle their weariness during the day.
38. Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because
technology makes us accessible 24/7.
39. Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and
avoided in workplace.
40. Between 20 to 60 minutes, people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory
and learning ability according to Dr. Mednick.
41. People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their
improved productivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.
42. The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place, environment and duration.
43. The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology
has negative effects on every aspect of people’s life.
44. The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete
sleep cycle.
45. Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’ big productivity problems and the solution
which needs more that just employees’ efforts.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Every office worker hates meetings. But it’s a strange sort of hate, similar to the hatred of
Londoners for the Northern Line, or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly: the dislike is real,
yet if the despised thing were to vanish, it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.
When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time
and sanity, they found something—those who resent and dread meetings the most also defend them as a
“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion. True, research suggests that meetings take up vastly
17
· ·more of the average manager’s time than they used to. True, done badly, they’re associated with lower
幸福
levels of innovation and employee wellbeing( ). But that’s just office life, right? It’s not supposed
to be fun. That’s why they call it work.
引起
Underlying( ) this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as
children, parents and romantic partners; that more communication is always a good thing. So
大量存在
suggestions abound for( ) communicating better in meetings—for example, hold them standing
up, so speakers will come to the point more quickly. But even when some companies consider
abolishing meetings entirely, the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned. If
anything, it’s reinforced when such firms introduce “flat” management structures, with bosses always
available to everyone, plus plenty of electronic distraction. In fact, constant connectivity is disastrous
for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.
And anyway, once you give it three seconds’ thought, isn’t it clear that more communication
frequently isn’t a good thing? Often, the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate
one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid. At work, it’s surely many more than
four, though for a different reason: office communication comes precisely at the cost of the kind of focus
that’s essential to good work. Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions—for
resolving conflicts or finding new ideas—that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.
46. What does the author say about meetings?
A) Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.
B) They can help to keep workers’ physical and spiritual health.
C) Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.
D) New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.
47. What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?
A) Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.
B) People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.
C) Those who like meetings might be considered insane.
D) More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.
48. Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?
A) Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.
B) Because everyone loves to communicate with others.
C) Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.
D) Because communication is vital for building relationships.
49. What does the author think of the “flat” management structure?
A) It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.
B) It helps to soften employees’ bottom line of work.
C) It is definitely a disaster to employees’ job satisfaction.
D) It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.
18
· ·50. What is the author’s argument about office communication?
A) It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.
B) It affects work efficiency in a negative way.
C) It should come to a halt at intervals.
D) It is useful for workers to find new ideas.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution
has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers, but not all of them maintain proper
quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared. Instead, many
publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible, with no regard for the implications
for society at large.
When selfish publishers set up shops online, the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,
often at the cost of quality. In this respect, many publishers start numerous online journals focused on
重叠的
overlapping( ) disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young
business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing. In some cases,
online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—
deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.
If publishers structure their business to make more revenue, it often does harm to their
products. When publishers start journals with overlapping domains, in combination with the pressure to
publish more studies, this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.
专
Moreover, publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(
业
) increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers. With the fact that reviewers are
generally not compensated for their time and effort, journal editors are often unable to find enough
reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.
To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community, the pressure to publish
must be reduced. Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,
but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.
掠夺
And that’s just the start. We need additional mechanisms, such as Beall’s list of predatory(
的
) publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles. In addition, the price for online
publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working
reviewers.
51. What does the author think of online publishers?
A) A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.
B) They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.
C) Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.
D) Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.
19
· ·52. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .
A) peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journals
B) researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplines
C) scientists care about their publications rather than research
D) young business managers are willing to face new challenges
53. Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?
A) Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.
B) Reviewers’ gains can’t make up for what they have done.
C) Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.
D) Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.
54. What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?
A) More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.
B) It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.
C) Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.
D) The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.
55. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.
B) Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.
C) Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.
D) Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
十二生肖 是中国传统文化的重要组成部分 根据中国的十二生
(the twelve Chinese Zodiacs) 。
肖 每一年都与十二种动物中的一种有联系 你也许听说过中国人用十二生肖动物作为纪年的
, 。
周期系统 在西方 中国十二生肖的十二种动物已经越来越为人们所熟悉 十二生肖代表的动
。 , 。
物的性格特点各不相同 每一种动物都代表着与该生肖相关的信仰 寓意和传统智慧 龙是十二
, 、 。
生肖中唯一的神话兽 在龙年出生的人被认为是吉祥的
, 。
20
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷( 三)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions Suppose there are two different views about health care one is that health care should be
: :
free for everyone and the other is that people should pay medical costs for themselves. You are to write
an essay on your opinion about health care and explain the reasons for your opinion. You will have
30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 25 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you
: , ,
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
, ),
B C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
), ) )
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) Two. B) Three. C) Four. D) Five.
2. A) He called the police after the accident.
B) He broke his arm in the accident.
C) He was caught taking drugs.
D) He was arrested by the police.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) A cure to brain cancer.
B) A new surgical instrument.
C) A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.
D) A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.
4. A) Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.
B) Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.
C) Improving their speed of removing a tumour.
D) Using the new device in brain surgery.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) To collect scientific data on it. C) To take photos of the storm on it.
B) To monitor the storm on it. D) To investigate its environment.
21
· ·6. A) It has lasted for nearly 350 years. C) It seems to be getting smaller.
B) It has lasted for more than 350 months. D) It seems to be getting larger.
7. A) What initially caused the storm. C) What is the impact of the storm.
B) What is underneath the storm. D) What makes the storm last for so long.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It’s for disabled adults.
B) It’s in a sports centre.
C) It’s rewarding and challenging.
D) It’s compulsive in her community.
9. A) The skills they need.
B) The products they have.
C) The market they target.
D) The language they require.
10. A) Diversify markets and sales strategies.
B) Reduce costs and jobs.
C) Learn from other companies.
D) Listen to the opinions of experts.
11. A) The salary and the workload.
B) The office hour and the penalty system.
C) The welfare and the holiday system.
D) The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) Double-decker buses. C) Bus routes.
B) The traffic in London. D) Travels in Britain.
13. A) It has no windows. C) It has two carriages.
B) People get onto it at the front. D) It is open at the back.
14. A) Uncomfortable. C) Dangerous.
B) Noisy. D) Shabby.
22
· ·15. A) Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.
B) Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.
C) Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.
D) Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They had four toes. C) They lived in South America.
B) They were not as big as dogs. D) They lived in thick forests.
17. A) They had long legs and a long tail.
B) They were smaller and had front eyes.
C) They began to eat grass as well as fruit.
D) They were bigger and had long legs.
18. A) They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.
B) They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.
C) They began to eat apples on the North American plains.
D) They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) Being rejected by friends and teachers.
B) Staying away from his native land.
C) Adapting to new study expectations.
D) Keeping a balance between study and job.
20. A) Talking with older brothers or sisters.
B) Having a casual talk with a college student.
C) Starting a conversation with close friends.
D) Playing with friends on the same sports team.
21. A) Follow traditions of interacting with a college student.
B) Take part in as many activities as possible.
C) Respect the customs of different colleges.
D) Take others’ advice as reference only.
23
· ·Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) They tend to harm wildlife. C) They are thrown away everywhere.
B) They are hardly recyclable. D) They are made from useless materials.
23. A) It is fatal. C) It is very serious.
B) It is weird. D) It is complicated.
24. A) The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.
B) The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected by humans.
C) Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.
D) Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.
25. A) Its use has been drastically reduced.
B) It is still an indispensable material.
C) Most products use natural materials.
D) The use of plastic items will be charged.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
There’s something rotten in the state of women’s health. As this article is being written in July,
Affordable Care
Republicans in Congress are 26 in a frenzied effort to repeal and replace the
Act
(ACA) put in place by the Obama administration. At least22 million Americans would lose medical
insurance by 2026 under the latest 27 of this plan—which includes large cuts to Medicaid—and
lack of insurance means more sickness and death for thousands, data show. These cuts 28 to affect
women more than men—whether by removing basic health coverage, cutting maternity care or 29
limiting reproductive rights.
It’s time to take a stand against this war on women’s health. Current events are just the latest
30 in a long history of male-centric medicine, often driven not by politicians but by scientists and
physicians. Before the National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993, which 31 the
inclusion of women and minorities in final-stage medication and therapy trials, women were actively
32 from such tests because scientists worried that female hormonal cycles would interfere with the
results. The 33 , meant women did not know how drugs would affect them.
Whether or not the repeal-and-replace legislation passes this year, these 34 are part of a
larger war on women’s health that is not likely to abate anytime soon. We must resist this assault.
Never mind “America First”—it’s 35 to put women first.
24
· ·A) absolutely I) omission
B) attacks J) required
C) common K) sharply
D) critical L) shifted
E) engaged M) threaten
F) excluded N) value
G) influence O) version
H) insult
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Motherhood Isn t Sacrifice It s Selfishness
’ ; ’
A) I was taking a few weeks’ break from work over the summer. My family and I—my husband
and my sons, then 9 and 7—planned to spend the time at our house on the New Jersey shore. When my
mother asked what we would be doing on our vacation, I told her we would be together—going to the
beach and the nearby amusement park, cooking, playing in the yard. In response, my mother said:
“Oh, that’s not much of a vacation for you. I’ll bet you can’t wait to get back to work. Motherhood,
it’s the hardest job in the world. All sacrifice!” “Really?” was all I could say in response.
B) I was looking forward to uninterrupted time with my boys. We would spend days by the ocean
and take trips to the boardwalk, where they would scream with delight whole riding the roller coaster—
the same one I’d ridden when I was their age—then ridden alongside them until Hurricane Sandy
deposited it into the Atlantic. We’d ram one another with bumper cars; we’d ride the old-fashioned
merry-go-round, waiting until my youngest son’s favorite horse, bright-blue Freddy, became
available. Some days were sure to end in tears of exhaustion, but the tears didn’t outweigh the
joy. Even on the bad days.
C) My mother was only trying to be sympathetic to my life as a working mother, but the self-
使人烦恼
satisfied way she proclaimed the sacrificial nature of motherhood grated( ). I don’t believe for
one second that motherhood is the hardest job in the world nor that it is all sacrifice. Still, it wasn’t fair
to blame her; she was merely parroting a common refrain. Once my annoyance lifted, in its place
比喻
spread a kind of clarity that helped me to understand how these linguistic tropes( ) reinforce the
disempowerment of mothers and women.
25
· ·D) The assertion of motherhood as sacrifice comes with a perceived glorification. A woman is
expected to sacrifice her time, ambition and sense of self to a higher purpose, one more worthy than her
own individual identity. This leaves a vacuum in the place of her value, one that others rush to fill.
E) When a woman becomes pregnant, she seems to become public property. Perhaps because
bearing children ensures the continuation of the species, it is often prioritized as part of a larger social
contract. Not only does this logic lead to an attempt to legislate women’s bodies, but also in smaller,
everyday gestures, boundaries get crossed. Many friends tell stories about being touched by strangers
母亲的
during pregnancy, as if a woman’s maternal( ) status turns her into a vessel to handle.
The Handmaid s Tale
F) Written more than 30 years ago, Margaret Atwood’s ’ offers a cautionary
tale of womanhood as sacrifice. In this dystopic novel, women are grouped according to the uses men
determine for them: namely, sterile wives married for appearance or fertile “handmaids”, who are
生育
raped routinely for procreation( ). One male character declares that the woman must “learn in
silence with all subjection” and that “she shall be saved by childbearing”. In this scenario, the
concept of motherhood acts as sacrifice.
G) When we cling to the idea of motherhood as sacrifice, what we really sacrifice is our sense of
self, as if it is the price we pay for having children.
H) Motherhood is not a sacrifice, but a privilege—one that many of us choose selfishly. At its
原始的
most atavistic( ), procreating ensures that our genes survive into the next generation. You could
call this selfishness as biological imperative. On a personal level, when we bring into the world a being
that is of us, someone we will protect and love and for whom we will do everything we can to help thrive
and flourish, it begets the question, how is this selfless? Selflessness implies that we have to risk in the
game. In motherhood, we’re all in.
I) By reframing motherhood as a privilege, we redirect agency back to the mother, empowering
自主权
her, celebrating her autonomy( ) instead of her sacrifice. Granted, some of us have more
autonomy than others. There are many mothers who would not have chosen motherhood, for financial or
赞扬
personal reasons. Still, by owning our roles as mothers and refusing the false accolades( ) of
殉难
martyrdom( ), we do more to empower all women.
J) In my experience, when women talk among women, our ambivalence or frustration is rarely
about our roles as mothers. (That doesn’t mean our kids don’t drive us crazy sometimes.) Rather,
conversations turn to questions of how to manage the best part of our lives(those very kids who are
driving us crazy) with our partners, careers and other responsibilities. And while many women derive
阻止
their deepest fulfillment as mothers, it doesn’t preclude( ) their ambition or fly in the face of
leaning in or out or sideways.
K) Calling motherhood “the hardest job in the world” misses the point completely because having
枯
and raising children is not a “job”. No one will deny that there is exhaustion, fear and tedium(
燥
). Raising a family is hard work, but so is every other meaningful aspect of our lives.
L) The language surrounding child rearing as a job surely derived from caregivers’ and
homemakers’ efforts to be acknowledged as fulfilling an important role. And clearly raising children is
26
· ·one of the most important things we do—for both women and men—but that does not make it a job. In
a job, an employer pays for services an employee agrees to perform. And there is a boss to whom the
employee reports. In the case of parenting, who would that be?
M) That doesn’t mean we don’t want support—paid parental leave, more flexible working hours,
publicly funded day care. But the cultural shift has to happen for the policies to follow. Martyrs, after
all, don’t need or expect public services.
N) Fathers are rarely, if ever, spoken about in the same way that mothers are. It’s culturally
acceptable for men to have children and professional identities without having to choose between the
two. These unspoken biases run deep. It reminds me of a friend whose husband complained about
having to “babysit” the children while she went to dinner with friends. Has a woman ever “babysat”
潜在的
her own children? Things are changing, but the insidious( ) inferences persist.
必然的结果
O) Further, with “women” and “family” as go-to cultural corollaries( ), studies
show, terrifyingly, that these biases are being adopted by artificial intelligence, too. Calling
motherhood a woman’s “job” only serves to keep a woman in her place. The priorities of mothers who
work outside the home are often questioned. It’s as if women are forced to choose between ambition (or
simply earning a living wage) and family.
P) If we start referring to motherhood as the beautiful, messy privilege that it is, and to tending to
our children as the most loving yet selfish thing we do, perhaps we can change the biased language my
mother used. Only when we stop talking about motherhood as sacrifice can we start talking about
mothers the way that we deserve.
36. In Margaret Atwood’s novel, women are divided into two groups based on whether or not they
can give birth to a child.
37. The way to alter the biased view held by people like the author’s mother is to talk about being
a mother as privilege and selfishness.
38. Rearing children couldn’t become a job because parents, unlike employees, neither get paid
to fulfill their responsibilities nor have a superior.
39. The author knows from her experience that conversations between women usually centre on
disciplining their children, jobs and other responsibilities instead of their mothering roles.
40. Motherhood is a selfish behavior, from both a biological and a personal perspective.
41. The author expressed her disagreement when her mother made comments on her holiday plan
and motherhood.
42. The cultural acceptance of men’s dual identities as father and jobholder reflects deep-rooted
prejudice against women.
43.The reason why pregnant women appear to become public assets may be that bringing children
into the world makes sure the human race’s continued existence.
44.Despite their unwillingness to bear a child due to economic or personal reasons, many women
still became mothers.
45. The author expected to spend her holiday with sons without distraction and believed they would
have a good time.
27
· ·Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
明星
Think today’s kids want to be doctors or lawyers? No. YouTube stardom( ) is the number one
dream career for young people today, at least according to a widely publicized survey by a British
newspaper.
The appeal is obvious: Some 20-somethings are making millions by playing video games or sharing
beauty tips online. But the pressure of having to endlessly produce original content that makes them look
accessible, transparent, and authentic has proven too much for some people, including Essena
O’Neill. The former social media figure went public in her posts about experiencing symptoms of
depression and anxiety from living an overexposed life.
Living professionally online has also been a challenge for 24-year-old Lauren Riihimaki. Six
million people follow her YouTube channel, LaurDIY, which covers topics ranging from home
decorating to her adoption of a lovely little dog.
Most of these stars are between the ages of20 and26. Unlike movie stars or rock stars, these video
stars do most of their work themselves. They’re responsible for everything from developing an idea, to
physically producing it, to starring in it, to directing it, to editing it, to programming it, to promoting
and marketing. And to keep their hungry audiences satisfied, they should be doing all that at least twice
a week.
That’s why Lauren Riihimaki came close not just to burning out, but breaking down. She has
overcome and pushed the boundaries of her anxiety so insanely since she started YouTube. She sees a
药物治疗
psychologist and she’s on medication( ). And that’s been working for her.
Dana Julian, a Los Angeles psychologist, says one of the hardest things about managing life as a
YouTube star is making a career out of something that can be an addiction. Anyone with a Facebook,
放
Twitter or Instagram account is familiar with the rush to show off. But now, imagine it magnified(
大
) by millions of clicks, likes and followers.
For YouTube stars, when they’re clearly overwhelmed, they should be told to get offline for a
while. Stop being a brand. Take some time, just to be a person again.
46. Why is YouTube stardom the number one dream career for young people?
A) They prefer to share their beauty secrets online.
B) They consider it the best way to make a living.
C) They are attracted by the way to make a fortune.
D) They wish to become well-known and wealthy.
28
· ·47. What do we know about Essena O’Neill?
A) She suffered from anxiety because of her love life.
B) She pretended to be authentic and accessible.
C) She was overburdened with debt and work.
D) She might not be a social media star any more.
48. What can we conclude about Lauren Riihimaki?
A) She has adopted more than one little dog.
B) She is on the edge of chaos and confusion.
C) She has become sensitive and confusion.
D) She is making progress with the help of an expert.
49. Comparing to movie stars or rock stars, video stars probably .
A) have more skills C) have to be stronger
B) work longer hours D) have fewer audiences
50. According to Dana Julian, young people dream to be video stars because of .
A) interest C) enlightenment
B) vanity D) curiosity
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the
scientific value of having catalogues of well-characterized tissues, cells, and other samples, these
research platforms have also generated a significant amount of legal and moral controversy, especially in
the context of consent and the control of research samples.
Throughout the world, billions of public and private dollars have been invested in biobanks and
millions of individuals have been asked to donate biological material and personal information. But, at
the same time, there remains deep uncertainty about fundamental legal and moral norms.
Legal scholars have argued that the most commonly used form of consent—that is, broad or open
consent—does not adhere to relevant legal norms, which would seem to require a more comprehensive
and specific approach to the consent process. Because the details of future work cannot be known, this
approach means providing research participants with far less information than is traditionally
披露
disclosed( ) in the case of specific consent.
It is true that many studies have consistently found that, for the most part, the public supports
biobanking initiatives and trusts the research community. But that support and trust are fragile. There
are many social forces, such as the increasing involvement of industry in biobanking initiatives, which
could erode public confidence. In addition, there are a number of social trends that may heighten public
interest in the control of human biological material. Research ethics controversies can have a profound
erect on public perceptions and consent policy.
29
· ·An emerging interest in biorights, though not widespread, could also challenge the existing
遗传学
approaches of biobanking. Indeed, areas such as genetics( ) and stem cell research receive a
great deal of positive coverage in the popular press, including reference to the economic potential of the
work.
Within the scientific community it has become widely accepted that biobanks are an indispensable
research tool, essential for picking out complex gene-environment interactions. There is little doubt that
biobanking is here to stay. But we need to recognize that despite decades of academic debate,
fundamental legal and moral challenges remain.
51. As to biobanking, what do people doubt about?
A) The permission and control of samples.
B) The donation of biological material.
C) The scientific value of research samples.
D) The elementary legal and moral standards.
52. What is one of the disadvantages of broad consent comparing to specific consent?
A) It follows more approaches.
B) It requires more participants.
C) It reveals less information.
D) It conforms to fewer legal norms.
53. The word “fragile”(Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means .
A) delicate C) persistent
B) illogical D) damaged
54. What can be inferred from the passage?
A) The future of biobanking seems to be bright and promising.
B) Stem cell research has become the focus of biobanking research.
C) People have shifted their interest to biorights instead of research.
D) The economic potential of biobanking research should be emphasized.
55. What does the author think of biobanking?
A) It is a vital research tool that researchers cannot do without.
B) Despite its significance, some problems still need to be solved.
C) It explores the functions of human genes and environment.
D) The controversy about biobanking will continue for a long time.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
西汉时期 中国的船队就到达了印度和斯里兰卡 用中国的丝绸换取了琉璃
, (Sri Lanka), (colored
珍珠等物品 中国唐代是中国历史上对外交流的活跃期 据史料记载 唐代中国通使交
glaze)、 。 。 ,
好的国家有 多个 那时候的首都长安来自各国的使臣 商人 留学生云集成群 这个大交流促
70 , 、 、 。
进了中华文化远播世界 也促使了各国文化和物产传入中国
, 。
30
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷( 四)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions In this task you are to write an essay commenting on the saying Create your own
: , “
life. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than
”
180 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 25 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you
: , ,
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
, ),
B C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
), ) )
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) More than 6 million. C) Less than 3 million.
B) 6 million. D) More than 3 million.
2. A) To attack hackers’ computers.
B) To protect people from being attacked by hackers.
C) To improve their computer skills.
D) To test their anti-hacking proficiency.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) The melting of the entire glacier in Greenland.
B) The melting of all the glaciers in the earth.
C) The grow of carbon emissions.
D) The destruction of the ozone layer.
4. A) The earth movement. C) Warmer air temperatures.
B) The volcanic eruption. D) The glacier’s special location.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) The UK. B) Canada. C) France. D) Germany.
6. A) It has better universities. C) The cost of education is lower.
B) It has rich educational resources. D) The competition is less strong.
7. A) To earn more tuition fees.
B) To improve its economic competitiveness.
C) To attract international attention.
D) To make the universities diversified.
31
· ·Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) Disappointed. B) Pleased. C) Surprised. D) Hopeful.
9. A) They have no books left.
B) They have a lot of books left.
C) They have two books left in this store.
D) They have two books left in another store.
10. A) Provide more details about the book.
B) Sign a contract with the woman.
C) Make a phone call to another store.
D) Pay the reservation fee.
11. A) Write down the book’s information.
B) Go to the next block.
C) Fill in the customer card.
D) Get back the reservation fee.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He used to do business with the woman.
B) He used to be a colleague of the woman’s.
C) He used to work out with the woman.
D) He used to be a doctor with the woman.
13. A) She failed her business. C) She was fired by her company.
B) She loved to be a doctor. D) She felt tired and lonely.
14. A) Help the clients re-evaluate their lives.
B) Help the clients make more money.
C) Help the clients succeed in life.
D) Help the clients keep healthy.
15. A) To ask for professional advice.
B) To talk about their old days.
C) To visit their coach Alexandra.
D) To invite the woman to his company.
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
32
· ·question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) The widespread use of color in clothes.
B) The widespread use of color in boxes and cans.
C) The widespread use of color in commerce and art.
D) The widespread use of black and white photographs.
17. A) It made the mass production of color possible.
B) It enabled Americans to see colors.
C) It made colors more expensive to get.
D) It helped to produce more colors.
18. A) Frenchmen brought it there.
B) English immigrants brought it there.
C) German immigrants brought it there.
D) Americans invented it themselves.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) It has to do with a tallying system.
B) Sheep is a kind of lovely animal.
C) It is useful for people to get good sleep.
D) The reason is not clear to us.
20. A) The subjects can easily fall asleep by counting sheep.
B) The subjects can’t fall asleep when given no instructions.
C) The subjects can easily fall asleep when imagining a soothing scene.
D) The subjects can’t fall asleep when imagining a relaxing scene.
21. A) Think about unpleasant images before sleep.
B) Picture things they have done before sleep.
C) Imagine worries and noises before sleep.
D) Imagine soothing images before sleep.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) It is the hottest month of the year.
B) It is the most beautiful season of the year.
C) The temperature has reached a new high this month.
D) There is a lot of rain this month.
23. A) Both global warming and below-average rainfall.
B) Both below-average rainfall and natural climate variability.
C) Global warming as well as natural climate variability.
D) Natural climate variability and geographical conditions.
33
· ·24. A) High food yields. C) More starving people.
B) High food prices. D) More refugees.
25. A) The hurricane. C) The water crisis.
B) The food crisis. D) The annual bushfire.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Researchers have identified 1.4 million animal species so far—and millions remain to be
discovered, named, and scientifically described. So how much would it actually cost to 26 every
大量运算
animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian scientists has crunched( ) the numbers and 27 up
＄
with an answer: 263 billion.
＄
That’s way more than the 5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson
estimated back in 2000—and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even
＄
263 billion would be a 28 price to pay to understand the creatures that 29 such essentials as
鸟类学家
agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and energy sources, says ornithologist( ) Joel Cracraft of
the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. “Literally, the world economy runs on
biodiversity,” he says. “People don’t understand really, deeply how much we depend on biodiversity.”
Most biologists agree that with extinction rates 30 and climate change looming, the 31 to
生物区
document the planet’s biodiversity—or biota( ) is urgent, 32 considering the essential role
these life forms play in crop pollination, clean air, and other aspects of human 33 . “We are losing
species by extinction faster than we are describing new species according to some estimates,” says
biologist Antonio Marques, who 34 the new paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of
St. Paulo in Brazil. “We have to know the biota to preserve and conserve the biota,” he says.
Besides the money, another huge 35 to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a
分类学家
global shortage of taxonomists( ), experts say.
A) attempt I) exactly
B) cheaper J) identify
C) classify K) obstacle
D) coauthored L) small
E) come M) soaring
F) effort N) well-being
G) enable O) yet
H) especially
34
· ·Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
The Gulf Between College Students and Librarians
令
A) Students rarely ask librarians for help, even when they need it. This is one of the sobering(
人警 醒 的
) truths the librarians have learned over the course of a two-year, five-campus
人种学的
ethnographic( ) study examining how students view and use their campus libraries. The idea
of a librarian as an academic expert who is available to talk about assignments and hold their hands
through the research process is, in fact, foreign to most students. Those who even have the word
“librarian” in their vocabularies often think library staff are only good for pointing to different sections of
the stacks.
B) The ERIAL(Ethnographic Research in Illinois Academic Libraries) project contains a series of
studies conducted at Illinois Wesleyan, DePaul University, and Northeastern Illinois University, and
the University of Illinois’ s Chicago and Springfield campuses. Instead of relying on surveys, the
人类学家
libraries included two anthropologists( ) , along with their own staff members, to collect data
using open-ended interviews and direct observation, among other methods. The goal was to generate
data that, rather than being statistically significant yet shallow, would provide deep, subjective accounts
of what students, librarians and professors think of the library and each other at those five institutions.
C) The most alarming finding in the ERIAL studies was perhaps the most predictable: when it
comes to finding and evaluating sources in the Internet age, students are extremely Internet-
dependent. Only 7 out of 30 students whom anthropologists observed at Illinois Wesleyan “conducted
what a librarian might consider a reasonably well-executed search,” wrote Duke and Andrew Asher, an
anthropology professor at Bucknell University, who led the project.
D) Throughout the interviews, students mentioned Google 115 times—more than twice as many
times as any other database. The prevalence of Google in student research is well-documented, but the
Illinois researchers found something they did not expect: students were not very good at using
Google. They were basically clueless about the logic underlying how the search engine organizes and
displays its results. Consequently, the students did not know how to build a search that would return
good sources. “I think it really exploded this myth of the ‘digital native’,” Asher said. “Just because
you’ve grown up searching things in Google doesn’t mean you know how to use Google as a good
research tool.”
E) Even when students turned to more scholarly resources, it did not necessarily solve the
一系列
problem. Many seemed confused about where in the constellation( ) of library databases they
35
· ·should turn to locate sources for their particular research topic. Half wound up misusing databases a
librarian “would most likely never recommend for their topic”. For example, “students regularly used
JSTOR, the second-most frequently mentioned database in student interviews, to try to find current
research on a topic, not realizing that JSTOR does not provide access to the most recently published
articles.” Unsurprisingly, students using this method got either too many search results or too few.
Frequently, students would be so discouraged that they would change their research topic to something
that requires a simple search.
F) “Many students described experiences of anxiety and confusion when looking for resources—an
observation that seems to be widespread among students at the five institutions involved in this study,”
Duke and Asher wrote. There was just one problem, Duke and Asher noted, “Students showed an
almost complete lack of interest in seeking assistance from librarians during the search process.” Of all
the students they observed—many of whom struggled to find good sources, to the point of despair—not
one asked a librarian for help.
G) In a separate study of students at DePaul, Illinois-Chicago, and Northeastern Illinois, other
ERIAL researchers deduced several possible reasons for this. The most basic was that students were just
as unaware of the extent of their own information illiteracy as everyone else. Some others overestimated
their ability or knowledge. Another possible reason was that students seek help from sources they know
and trust, and they do not know librarians. Many do not even know what the librarians are there
for. Other students imagined librarians to have more research-oriented knowledge of the library but still
thought of them as glorified ushers.
H) However, the researchers did not place the blame solely on students. Librarians and professors
are also partially to blame for the gulf that has opened between students and the library employees who
are supposed to help them, the ERIAL researchers say. Instead of librarians, whose relationship to any
given student is typically ill-defined, students seeking help often turn to a more logical source, the
person who gave them the assignment—and who, ultimately, will be grading their work. Because
librarians hold little sway with students, they can do only so much to reshape students’ habits. They
need professors’ help. Unfortunately, faculty may have low expectations for librarians, and
consequently students may not be connected to librarians or see why working with librarians may be
helpful. On the other hand, librarians tend to overestimate the research skills of some of their students,
疏远的
which can result in interactions that leave students feeling intimidated and alienated( ). Some
professors make similar assumptions, and fail to require that their students visit with a librarian before
carrying on research projects. And both professors and librarians are liable to project an idealistic view
of the research process onto students who often are not willing or able to fulfill it.
I) By financial necessity, many of today’ s students have limited time to devote to their
research. Showing students the pool and then shoving them into the deep end is more likely to foster
36
· ·despair than self-reliance. Now more than ever, academic librarians should seek to “save time for the
reader”. Before they can do that, of course, they will have to actually get students to ask for
help. “That means understanding why students are not asking for help and knowing what kind of help
they need,” say the librarians.
J) “This study has changed, profoundly, how I see my role at the university and my understanding
of who our students are,” says Lynda Duke, an academic librarian at Illinois Wesleyan. “It’s been
life-changing, truly.”
36. None of the students observed in the ERIAL project asked a librarian for help when searching
sources, even when they were in despair.
37. The librarians learned from a two-year, five-campus ethnographic study that students rarely
turn to librarians for help.
38. The most important reason why students did not ask librarians for help was that they did not
realize their own information illiteracy.
39. Open-ended interviews and direct observation were used in the ERIAL project to make a deep
and subjective report.
40. Besides students, librarians and professors are also responsible for the gap between students
and library employees.
41. Students rely heavily on the Internet to find sources.
42. Professors fail to connect students to librarians, because they have low expectations for
librarians.
43. It surprised Illinois researchers that students were not good at using Google.
44. Before librarians can realize the goal of “saving time for the reader”, they first should get
students to ask for help.
45. Due to the absence of the newest articles, the frequently used database JSTOR does not
necessarily help students solve their problems.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As a volunteer, John Apollos is losing weight—the old-fashioned way—by eating less. Apollos has
lowered his daily caloric intake 25% over the past eight months. The fat, not surprisingly, has melted
away. But that’s not the real reason Apollos and the other participants in the program are eating only
37
· ·three-quarters of what they used to. The researchers are trying to determine whether restricting food
intake can slow the ageing process and extend our life span. “I feel better and lighter and healthier,”
says Apollos. “But if it could help you live longer, that would be pretty amazing.”
The idea is counterintuitive: If we eat to live, how can starving ourselves add years to our lives?
Yet decades of calorie-restriction studies involving organisms ranging from microscopic yeast to rats have
shown just that. Last July a long-term study led by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, found
恒河猴
that calorie restriction seemed to extend the lives of humanlike rhesus monkeys( ) as well. The
hungry primates fell victim to diabetes, heart and brain disease and cancer much less frequently than
their well-fed counterparts did.
Scientists have suspected that calorie restriction could extend the life span of animals since at least
1935, when researchers at Cornell University noticed that severely food-restricted lab rats lived twice as
long as normal ones and were healthier. Other investigators began exploring the idea and learned that
the secret is not merely a matter of body weight.
One theory is that a state of slight hunger acts as a mild but constant stressor that makes an
organism stronger and more resistant to the ills of ageing. Taking in fewer calories also slows
新陈代谢
metabolism( ), and some data indicate that humans with a slower metabolism live longer. But
even if these theories are correct, simply defining the mechanism is not the same as identifying the
molecular pathways behind it. If researchers could determine those pathways, they might be able to
模仿
pharmacologically mimic( ) the effect of calorie restriction. That could be the ultimate benefit of
the calorie study. “Calorie restriction is pretty much the only thing out there that we know will not just
prevent disease but also extend maximal life span,” says Dr. Marc Hellerstein, a nutritionist at the
University of California.
46. The purpose of keeping diet for John Apollos and other participants is to .
A) lose weight in order to keep slim
B) prove how long people can survive if they lack food
C) prove if eating less food can extend life span and keep young
D) just keep a good mood and live a healthier life
47. What’s the meaning of “counterintuitive”(Line 1, Para. 2)?
A) Unconventional. C) Comprehensible.
B) Incorrect. D) Meaningless.
48. What does the research on rhesus monkeys imply?
A) The less people eat, the shorter they will live.
B) Calorie restriction can help people suffer fewer diseases.
C) People who often feel hungry can live longer.
D) Humans depend on calories to stay alive.
38
· ·49. From Dr. Marc Hellerstein’s words, we can infer that .
A) people who are thin can survive longer than those who aren’t
B) effective calorie restriction makes us healthier and live longer
C) keeping diet cannot help people keep fit or live longer
D) a state of hunger is beneficial for our health
50. What is the main idea of this passage?
A) People should be thin in order to live longer.
B) Keeping calorie restriction effectively makes one live longer.
C) Eating too much is really harmful to our health.
D) People should form a good diet habit in daily life.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
If you sit all day at an office and worry about its effect on your weight and health, take a few
breaks.
That’s the advice from a new study that finds that people who sit for extended periods of time
without taking short breaks are at higher risk for heart disease than those who take more frequent
timeouts to stand up and walk around.
心脏血管的
The cardiovascular( ) risk that stems from remaining sedentary for prolonged periods of
time (at the office, for example) manifests itself in the form of larger waists, higher blood pressure,
胆固醇
increased body inflammation and lower levels of “good” cholesterol( ), the authors noted.
一阵
What’s more, the negative impact of such lengthy bouts( ) of inactivity seems to apply even to
those who routinely go to the gym.
“These findings are not surprising,” said Dr. Murray A. Mittleman, director of the cardiovascular
epidemiology research unit at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and an associate professor in the
department of epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston.
“In fact, the Surgeon General report recommends that individuals should accumulate activity
incrementally throughout the day,” noted Mittleman, who was not a member of the Australian research
team. “And this is really consistent with that.”
The team, led by Genevieve N. Healy, of the Cancer Prevention Research Center in the School of
Population Health at the University of Queensland in Herston, Australia, reported their findings in the
European Heart Journal
Jan. 12 online edition of the .
“Even if you exercise for 30 to 60 minutes a day, what you do for the rest of the day may also be
important for your cardiovascular health,” Healy explained. “This research suggests that even small
changes to a person’ s activity levels (as little as standing up regularly) might help to lower
cardiovascular risk. These changes can be readily incorporated into the person’s day-to-day
life (including the work environment). Stand up, move more, move often, could be used as a slogan
to help get this message across.”
39
· ·51. What is the advice from a new study according to the passage?
A) Those who sit for a long time without breaks are at higher risk for heart disease.
B) Those who have frequent short breaks are at higher risk for heart disease.
C) Those who sit all day long and worry about their health should take short rests.
D) Those who sit all day long and take short breaks don’t need to worry about their health.
52. What causes the cardiovascular risk?
A) Keeping calm for a long time.
B) Keeping angry for a long time.
C) Keeping sad for a long time.
D) Keeping still for a long time.
53. What is Mittleman’s attitude towards the recommendation from the Surgeon General report?
A) He thinks the recommendation agrees with these findings.
B) He thinks the recommendation is opposed to these findings.
C) He thinks individuals should add exercises incrementally throughout the day.
D) He thinks people should accept the recommendation.
54. What did the team of the Cancer Prevention Research Center do?
A) The team issued a report written by Healy.
B) The team found their report online.
C) The team issued their study online.
D) The team made an online journal.
55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) What people do for the rest of the day may be unimportant for their health.
B) People should exercise more often to lower cardiovascular risk.
C) Small changes to a person’s work environment might help to lower cardiovascular risk.
D) People should exercise for a long time every day to keep healthy.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
游泳运动是男女老少都喜欢的体育项目之一 国内外研究一致认为 古代游泳产生于居住
。 ,
在江 河 湖 海一带的古代人 他们为了生存 必须要在水中捕捉水鸟和鱼类作食物 通过观察
、 、 、 。 , ,
和模仿鱼类 青蛙等动物在水中游动的动作 逐渐学会了游泳 自古至今 无论是为了捕猎 逃避
、 , 。 , 、
猛兽或是遇上海难 时能够自救 游泳都是一门重要的求生技能
(shipwreck) , 。
40
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷( 五)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions In this task you are to write an essay to express your view on the phenomenon of group
: ,
purchasing. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more
than 180 words.
Part Listening Comprehension 25 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you
: , ,
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
, ),
B C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
), ) )
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) The PC market has picked up rapidly in the past months.
B) PCs are sold at lower prices during the shopping season.
C) PC shipments have gone down quickly around the world.
D) PCs have longer lifecycles by upgrading their hardware.
2. A) Rising commodity prices.
B) Competition from mobile devices.
C) Stronger currencies.
D) Social tensions in Southeast Asia.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Steal Amazon users’ private account information.
B) Sell individual Amazon user names and passwords.
C) Start an attack on some online shopping websites.
D) Spread a virus on online shopping websites by email.
4. A) To call the Amazon Company.
B) To check the spelling and grammar.
C) To reset passwords frequently.
D) To delete the email directly.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Giving severe punishments to traffic violators.
B) Encouraging people to travel on public buses.
C) Controlling the purchase of private cars.
D) Limiting traffic by an odd-even scheme.
41
· ·6. A) To relieve its traffic congestion.
B) To lessen its environmental problem.
C) To guarantee drivers’ safety on the road.
D) To improve the public transport system.
7. A) Schools were shut during the trial.
B) The pressure of public transport was heavy.
C) Parents could send their children to school.
D) The government required to do this.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) More than twenty minutes.
B) At least eight minutes.
C) About twelve minutes.
D) Less than twenty-eight minutes.
9. A) She runs after the taxi in a hurry.
B) She doesn’t know when the museum closes.
C) She has no idea about how far the museum is.
D) She looks up at the tall buildings.
10. A) The one that is out of town.
B) The one that is inexpensive.
C) The one that offers small servings.
D) The one that is near to the museum.
11. A) Talkative and humorous.
B) Talkative and mean.
C) Warm-hearted and forgetful.
D) Silent and unfriendly.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) To help students prepare language for the further study in America.
B) To help students acquire skills in English tests.
C) To help students find a satisfying job after graduating from college.
D) To help students familiarize with the culture in foreign countries.
13. A) They want to know the students’ language levels.
B) They can train applicants before the semester begins.
42
· ·C) They can process the application and issue the I-20.
D) They can collect the application fees for other use.
14. A) It’s the name of a language program.
B) It’s the name of a document.
C) It’s a kind of visa.
D) It’s the code name of a major at university.
15. A) The applicant’s nationality.
B) The applicant’s financial state.
C) The applicant’s language proficiency.
D) The applicant’s academic performance.
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) He was worth respecting.
B) He was a lonely man in the mountains.
C) He didn’t deserve so much respect.
D) He liked to be played tricks on.
17. A) To examine how wise the man was.
B) To make fun of the man.
C) To catch a living bird.
D) To show how clever they were.
18. A) The bird was dead.
B) The bird was alive.
C) It’s hard to answer the question.
D) He found out the children’s trick.
19. A) A person should learn to be moral and respectful.
B) A wise man can’t always be wise.
C) People around are much smarter than us.
D) Children often make stupid behavior.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. A) They are both sinking slowly.
B) They are both famous tourist resorts.
C) They are both prosperous in economy.
D) They are both full of sunshine throughout the whole year.
43
· ·21. A) They’ll make residents live in the top part of buildings.
B) They’ll call for people to abandon their homes.
C) They’ll reclaim land from the sea.
D) They’ll replan the local infrastructure.
22. A) Its contamination is primarily due to climate change.
B) It has been moved far away from the west.
C) It needs lots of money to fix.
D) It is polluted by saltwater intrusion.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. A) They are indeed very crazy.
B) They consider their dogs as their babies.
C) They are, in fact, reasonable to some extent.
D) They can’t actually communicate with their dogs
24. A) Dogs can only understand verbal directions.
B) Dogs can understand humans by interpreting their facial expressions.
C) Some dogs like to gaze at humans while some do not.
D) Dogs have the intelligence of 6-month-old babies.
25. A) They are born with the ability to interact with humans.
B) They are frequently trained by doggy parents.
C) They acquire the ability when sharing their lives with humans.
D) They will pay attention when humans talk to them in a baby-talk voice.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
“Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep, and weep alone.” So wrote the poet Ella Wheeler
Wilcox. Emotions are catching, and most people intuitively seek out the positive while 26 the
negative. The exception, however, is those who are suffering from depression. The depressed 27
emotional facial cues, finding gloom and doom where others see contentment.
We’re generally pretty good at reading the emotional expressions of others as portrayed on their
faces, at least when it comes to the 28 emotions, like happiness, sadness and anger. We read the
emotions of those we’re 29 with and regulate our own mood in response. After all, we can’t
不同步的
cooperate 30 with others if our emotions are out of sync( ). Crying at a party will likely
44
· ·避开
get you shunned( ), as will laughing at a funeral. You’ve got to express the right emotion for a
certain 31 .
Facial expressions of emotions are inherent, but we can 32 or suppress them. Even though
you’re feeling down, you may decide to put on a happy face at a party just to get along. And since
others then 33 to your positive expression, you might start feeling better as well.
Our natural ability to read emotional expressions on the faces of others 34 down, however, as
we fall into depression. The depressed can still read obviously happy or sad faces, but a problem
35 when others display ambiguous feelings. This can occur either because the other person is trying
to suppress their emotion, or because they aren’t sure how they feel at the moment.
A) arises I) fake
B) avoiding J) functions
C) basic K) interacting
D) breaks L) misread
E) condition M) occasion
F) contact N) respond
G) deadly O) significant
H) effectively
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
On Food Safety a Long List but Little Money
,
A) This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing
大肠杆菌 木
E.coli( ) killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported papayas(
瓜 沙门氏菌
) contaminated with salmonella( ) poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one
dead. The landmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the
frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the roll call of recent cases underlines the
importance of the task.
B) “It’s an enormous undertaking,” said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administration’s
deputy commissioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that
farmers, food processors and importers can follow and regulators can enforce. The agency is taking on
大幅削减预算
the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing( ) means that
regulators have little hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by
Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didn’t have resources to implement the law. “The choice is we either
45
· ·find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You can’t build something brand-new without
the resources to do it.”
C) The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing
outbreaks like those this summer. One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmers to
grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rules is due early next year. The
agency is expected to deal with basics like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation
water and measures to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteria.
D) Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm
sizes. The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on
American farms.
E) For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has visited
farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come
storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where
he traveled through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven
with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law but was now eager to help the
agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing
the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit would help them better understand how
a farm worked.
F) The complexity of the FDA’s task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a
potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government
expected of him. “We’re all just trying to find out what this food safety thing is all about,” he
said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he questioned whether it was worth including
them in food safety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the FDA’s job was to focus most of its efforts where the
food safety risks were greatest.
G) The third stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her
husband, Chris. They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers
through farmers’ markets and buying clubs. They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye
toward food safety, including building a large processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a
免除
bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits( ) small farms that average less than
＄
500,000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms. Kaplan Walbrecht said that her
farm brings in too much money to qualify for the exemption. She worried that the new law could become
不加管束
a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing( ) regulators with
little understanding of how a farm worked.
H) But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry that
budget cuts could render the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the FDA will need
hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that
46
· ·Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has passed a budget that
largely eliminates new money for the FDA. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own
proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under
the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agency’s finances.
I) The budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in
inspections called for under the new law, which strengthen each year. “Writing rules is inexpensive;
enforcing them is expensive,” said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the
FDA who is now a food safety consultant. “There will be a public health impact because enforcement
won’t be to the extent they want to do it.” The agency has already said that, without lots of new
money, it won’t be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require after
a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be difficult, too. The FDA has about 1,000
inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device
facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly.
J) So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law. “I’ve never seen the
agency go at anything with such enthusiasm,” said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food policy expert at
the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would
take shortcuts. The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms. Tucker
Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as high risk to make its
job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. “We’re not going to game the system,” he said.
36. Ms. Kaplan worried the new law could burden small farmers, though it gives exemption to
small farms.
37. In order to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, the Congress passed the
food safety law.
38. Food safety advocates concern that the budget cuts will make the law lack the necessary force
for effectiveness.
39. Since the government cuts down the budget greatly, the FDA has no enough money to
implement the food safety law.
40. The budget freeze or cuts would have the most influence on the increasing inspections.
41. The FDA is hoped to cope with the basic food safety problems.
42. The FDA argued that the foreign food inspections won’t be able to be enforced due to lacking
lots of new money.
43. No officials helped the farmers with the food safety problems before Mr. Taylor visited farmers
around the country.
44. The most frequent inspections demanded by the law are operated on the riskiest facilities.
45. Jimmy Zilnicki doubted whether it was necessary to include potatoes in food safety rules.
47
· ·Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Most of us trust our doctors even when they hand us a prescription for a drug we can’ t
全面的
pronounce. But natural, holistic( ) products are fully in vogue nowadays, and the Internet has
created a way for non-experts to become as—or more—informed as their general practitioner when it
comes to obscure treatment methods. “People are now more willing to take their health and wellness
into their own hands,” says Danielle Hardee, a wellness advocate for dōTERRA International.
Oddly enough, until fairly recently, Hardee was not one of those people. Her first experience with
essential oils came in treating her pet bulldog. After seeking suggestions for the sickly pet on Facebook,
a fellow fosterer told Hardee about certain oils she could try applying to the animal’s skin. Pairing her
curiosity with healthy skepticism, Hardee dove deep into researching the safety of the oils. “I was very
happy with everything I found,” she says. “I started not just using them on the foster dog, but also our
son, who needed the benefits of the respiratory support.” While the dog’s recovery was soon apparent,
the benefits for her son were almost immediate.
The oils in question are considered “essential” not due to any proven vitality, but because they
contain the essence of the plants from which they are extracted. Peppermint, lavender and citruses are
among the most common on the market today, but numerous essential oils have been in use for several
centuries.
After seeing how beneficial the concentrated liquids were to both the two-legged and four-legged
members of her family, Hardee soon found herself teaching essential oil classes. “It became something
I felt so strongly about, I had to share it,” she says. The classes quickly grew in size and geographical
span and Hardee soon became an advocate for dōTERRA International, a natural nutrition and wellness
company.
As growing popularity pushes essential oils into the broader market, Hardee recommends curious
customers proceed with caution concerning quality and purity. Hardee believes the effects of quality oils
专家
will be the evidence that helps them prevail. “I’ m not a holistic health guru ( ),” she
emphasizes. “I’m just seeing it with my own eyes.”
46. What is people’s attitude to their health and wellness nowadays?
A) They are ready to put their health into the doctors’ hands.
B) They are convinced that the natural methods are of no use to them.
C) They are willing to use natural methods to deal with their wellness.
D) They are reluctant to visit doctors and get some prescriptions.
48
· ·47. What did Hardee do with the suggestions about oils on Facebook?
A) She made detailed studies to make sure the oils were safe.
B) She tried the oils on herself to see whether they were effective.
C) She asked the professional doctors for advice.
D) She totally accepted the oils without any doubt.
48. Why are those oils considered “essential”?
A) Because they are used to save people’s lives.
B) Because they are taken from the essence of plants.
C) Because they are essential to patients’ recovery.
D) Because they are proven to be useful and energetic.
49. According to the passage, what is the probable effect of the oils on humans?
A) They function as a psychological comfort to humans.
B) They provide sweet flavor for humans.
C) They stimulate humans’ spirits and make them energetic.
D) They exert beneficial healing effects on humans.
50. What is Hardee’s suggestion for curious customers?
A) They should question the effects of the oils on any occasion.
B) They may choose any one they like since the oils are popular.
C) They should choose those oils which are good and pure.
D) They should trust the oils because they have been used for centuries.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
A federal judge in California has dismissed a lawsuit against the Coca-Cola company which argued
that Diet Coke misled people to believe the drink would help them lose weight.
The case was brought by Shana Becerra who said that she had bought and drank Diet Coke because
she believed it would contribute to weight loss and healthy weight management. She alleged that Diet
Coke had the opposite effect, citing studies that she claimed showed sweeteners with no nutritional value
like those used in Diet Coke caused weight gain and increased risk of certain diseases.
Although Coca-Cola’s arguments against the suit were not adequate, Judge William Alsup said the
prosecutor failed to show that consumers were likely to be deceived by the advertising.
Alsup dismissed the case because Becerra had not met the requirement that “members of the public
are likely to be deceived”. “In supermarkets, Diet Coke is displayed next to regular soft drinks and is
not sold in the health-food section. Reasonable consumers would understand that Diet Coke merely
deletes the calories usually present in regular Coke, and that the caloric reduction will lead to weight
养生法
loss only as part of an overall sensible diet and exercise regimen( ) dependent on individual
metabolism,” Alsup said in the decision.
49
· ·Alsup said the studies cited by Becerra suggest a correlation between Diet Coke-type drinks and
weight gain, but they do not suggest causation. He added that one of the studies even says that weight
gain is “due to the behavior of consumers, rather than the effects of nonnutritive sweeteners.” Alsup
also rejected the idea that Diet Coke advertising would suggest to consumers that the soft drink led to
weight loss as “reasonable consumers understand that advertising will feature healthy and attractive
consumers enjoying the subject products and will not star the unhealthy and unfit.”
The decision on Tuesday, said that the prosecutor has until March 22 to file a motion to amend the
complaint. A spokesperson for the Coca-Cola company said they were content with the fact that the court
dismissed prosecutor’s baseless complaint.
51. What was the lawsuit against?
A) One of Coca-Cola’s drinks made people think it would make them thinner.
B) The Coca-Cola company misled people to believe the safety of its products.
C) The advertisements exaggerated the health effects of Diet Coke.
D) The Judge discriminated the consumers in favor of the Coco-Cola company.
52. What are the side effects of sweeteners according to Becerra?
A) They stimulate people’s spirits and make them energetic.
B) They increase people’s weight and the potential possibility of getting sick.
C) They provide nutritious refreshment for fat consumers.
D) They add a nice touch to the soft drinks and make them popular.
53. Why did Judge William Alsup dismiss the charge?
A) Because the prosecutor couldn’t provide solid evidence to support her lawsuit.
B) Because the Coca-Cola company didn’t do anything wrong.
C) Because he was reasonable enough to know the effects of soft drinks.
D) Because the consumer made no sense in this lawsuit.
54. According to Alsup, how can people lose weight with Diet Coke?
A) They should reduce the calories they take in.
B) They should replace the regular Coke with Diet Coke.
C) They should reduce their drinking of Diet Coke.
D) They should pay attention to their diet and do exercises.
55. What was the Coca-Cola company’s attitude towards the Judge’s decision?
A) Angry. B) Pleased. C) Regretful. D) Shameful.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
早在宋代 我国就已经有了滑冰运动 不过 那时不叫滑冰 而称之为 冰嬉 冰
, , , , “ ”(ice play)。 “
嬉 包括速度滑冰 花样滑冰以及冰上杂技 等多种项目 滑冰运动不仅能够增
” 、 (acrobatic skating) 。
强人体的平衡能力和柔韧性 同时还有很好的减肥效果 在冰面上自由奔驰 既能放松心情 又
, 。 , ,
能获得融入自然的乐趣
。
50
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷( 六)
Part Writing 30 minutes
Ⅰ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture
: ,
below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the
burden children are facing. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
“At 12 months old, your child should begin walking,
speaking words and making his first attempts at reading.”
Part Listening Comprehension 25 minutes
Ⅱ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report you
: , ,
will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only
once. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A
, ),
B C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through
), ) )
the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. A) A dog that runs on three legs.
B) New robot dogs developed by scientists.
C) New robots that can help people in natural disasters.
D) New robots that can continue working when injured.
2. A) They can do everything that people can’t do.
B) They will be improved in two years.
C) They can work in dangerous situations.
D) They can mend themselves when injured.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) It can help people cure diseases. C) It can make people feel happy.
B) It can help people lose weight. D) It can help to protect against heart disease.
4. A) One year. C) Three years.
B) Four years. D) Thirty years.
51
· ·Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) Six million. C) Ten million.
B) Six billion. D) Ten billion.
6. A) They are accustomed to smoking. C) They have too much stress.
B) They are teenagers. D) They find it cool to smoke.
7. A) On the improvement of education.
B) On the improvement of infrastructure.
C) On the treatment of tobacco-related diseases.
D) On some illegal trade.
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation
: , ,
you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and
, ), ), )
D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
)
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) Brentwood in America. C) London.
B) Essex in England. D) Scotland.
9. A) It is a small town next to London. C) It is in the northeast of Scotland.
B) It has a large population. D) It is a poor city.
10. A) It’s a relatively small town. C) Houses are scarce there.
B) The people living there are very rich. D) It’s close to London.
11. A) The woman is not satisfied with the recreation there.
B) The man thinks highly of the recreation there.
C) All kinds of recreations are available there.
D) The man thinks little of the recreation there.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A) He worked in a painting store. C) He worked in a gas stand.
B) He worked in a printing factory. D) He worked in a bookstore.
13. A) To print the TV guides. C) To edit the TV guides.
B) To sell the TV guides. D) To prepare the TV guides for distribution.
14. A) High pay and short work hours.
B) Friendly environment and teamwork spirit.
C) Relaxed atmosphere and valuable experience.
D) Good friends he made at school.
15. A) Delightful. C) Meaningless.
B) Terrible. D) Cruel.
52
· ·Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage you will hear
: , ,
three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a
question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A B C and D . Then
, ), ), ) )
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Obese people can’t lose weight.
B) Obese people can lose weight by cutting calories or exercising.
C) Obese people really can’t keep the weight off.
D) Obese people should be on a diet to lose weight.
17. A) Senior people are less likely to gain weight.
B) Senior people are more likely to gain weight.
C) Once people get fat, they will suffer various problems.
D) Once people get fat, they gain weight steadily.
18. A) It may have a negative influence. C) It is meaningless.
B) It plays a very significant role. D) It can have a positive impact.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) Prevent the students doing any movement.
B) Give students more time to rest.
C) Bring students more activities.
D) Adopt the same teaching plan for a long time.
20. A) It can help teachers interact with the students.
B) It just shows the words to students.
C) It can reduce the dust in the classroom.
D) It can save teachers’ time.
21. A) Students’ ability to study.
B) Students’ ability to do activities.
C) Students’ ability to maintain attention.
D) Students’ ability to communicate with others.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. A) The pot using. C) The wet cloth.
B) The sand. D) The temperature.
23. A) People who eat spoiled food may get sick.
B) Farmers have to throw away spoiled products.
53
· ·C) Farmers have to sell the spoiled products quickly at a low price.
D) People need money to dispose of the spoiled food.
24. A) By electricity. C) Through a freezing process.
B) Through an evaporation process. D) With the help of some special bacteria.
25. A) He sold his invention to make money.
B) He preferred invention to teaching.
C) He was honored with an award for his teaching methods.
D) He financed 5,000 pot-in-pot systems to help people.
Part Reading Comprehension 40 minutes
Ⅲ ( )
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
: ,
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.
Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the
centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
According to a recent study, the idea of aging might look different through the eyes of little
children. A good number of children aged three to five seemed to think that birthday parties were
26 for making people grow older. According to those kids, if people don’t have a birthday party,
they 27 the same age.
Developmental psychologist Jacqueline Woolley compiled two studies in which they tested children’s
understanding of aging by telling them stories. The researchers told them a story about a child who had
no birthday party. Then, a story about a child who had two birthday parties. After hearing the stories,
the children were asked to tell the age of each character.
Woolley’s team 28 that 4- and 5-year-olds would do 29 better than 3-year-olds at
reporting the age of the character in each story. But for the story, in which a child had two birthday
parties, all the kids seemed 30 .
The researchers also tested children’s 31 about the way adults age by telling a story about a
woman who does not want to grow older. Seventy-one percent of 3-year-olds responded with 32
answers. The older kids did better on that question, and all of the kids were able to correctly answer the
other questions about the woman’s age.
Children as young as three understand the idea that living things grow and 33 do not. But
birthday parties are a cultural 34 . So the researchers set out to study how a piece of culture might
35 the way children think about an idea that overlaps culture and biology.
54
· ·A) affect I) negative
B) beliefs J) objects
C) confused K) practice
D) exert L) positive
E) expected M) remain
F) extremely N) responsible
G) guilty O) significantly
H) mention
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each
: ,
statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the
information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Why you shouldn t try to be a morning person
’
A) We’ve all heard it before: to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim
Cook gets up at 3:45 a. m., Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3:30 a. m. and Richard Branson at
5:45 a.m.—and, as we know, “The early bird catches the worm.”
B) But just because some successful people wake up early, does that mean it’s a trait most of
them share? And if the idea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and
done one task before 8 a. m. makes you want to roll over and hit snooze until next Saturday, are you
really doomed to a less successful life? For about half of us, this isn’t really an issue. It’s estimated
that some 50% of the population isn’t really morning or evening-oriented, but somewhere in the
middle.
C) Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright-eyed early risers, and another one
in four are night owls. For them, the effects can go beyond falling asleep in front of the TV at
10 p.m. or being chronically late for work. Research shows that morning versus evening types show a
classic left-brain versus right-brain division: more analytical and cooperative versus more imaginative
and individualistic.
D) Numerous studies have found that morning people are more persistent, self-directed and
agreeable. They set higher goals for themselves, plan for the future more and have a better sense of
well-being. And compared to night owls, they’re less likely to be depressed, drink or smoke.
E) Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on
measures of memory, processing speed and cognitive ability, even when they have to perform those tasks
in the morning. Night-time people are also more open to new experiences and seek them out more. They
may be more creative (although not always). And contrary to the maxim(healthy, wealthy and wise),
55
· ·one study showed that night owls are as healthy and wise as morning types—and a little bit wealthier.
F) Still think the morning people sound more like CEO material? Don’t set your alarm for
彻底修改
5 a.m. just yet. As it turns out, overhauling( ) your sleep times may not have much
effect. “If people are left to their naturally preferred times, they feel much better. They say that they
are much more productive. The mental capacity they have is much broader,” says Oxford University
生物钟学
biologist Katharina Wulff, who studies chronobiology( ) and sleep. On the other hand, she
says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful. When they wake early, for
example, night owls are still producing melatonin. “Then you disrupt it and push the body to be in the
daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequences,” Wulff says, like a different
sensitivity to insulin and glucose—which can cause weight gain.
G) In many ways, that makes sense, since research shows that our chronotype, or internal clock,
生理节奏的
is mainly biological. Researchers even have found that the circadian( ) rhythms of human
试管内
cells in vitro( ) correlate with the rhythms of the people they were taken from. Up to47% of it is
inherited, which means if you want to know why you pop up at dawn each day (or never do), you
should probably look at your parents. One genetic factor seems to be the length of the circadian cycle,
humans average a 24.2-hour clock, meaning everyone adjusts slightly each day to a 24-hour
rhythm. But for night owls, the clock often runs longer—meaning that, without external cues to
change, they’ll fall asleep and get up later and later over time.
H) Your preference does change as you age. Children tend toward morning, with a peak shift
toward night around age 20 and a slight change back toward morning at around age 50. But compared to
范围
your peers, you’ll probably always fall within the same rough part of the spectrum( ).
I) In our rush to figure out the “secrets” of success, we tend to forget a couple of things. First,
not all high achievers are early risers, and not all early risers are successful. Famous late risers include
Box CEO Aaron Levie and Buzzfeed CEO Jonah Peretti, plus creatives like James Joyce, Gertrude Stein
and Gustave Flaubert.
J) But more importantly, in a phrase beloved by academics everywhere, correlation isn’ t
causation. In other words, it’s not clear that waking up early itself provides the benefit. Instead, it
may be that most of us are expected to start work or school by 8 or 9 a.m. If you’re a morning person,
a combination of biological changes, from your hormones to body temperature, will get you up and way
ahead of your night owl peers. That means people who enjoy rising early will be more in line with their
workday and likely to achieve more. For a night owl waking at 7 a. m., her body still thinks she’s
昏沉的
asleep and is acting accordingly, so she’s groggy( ) for much longer than a morning person who
wakes up at the same time.
K) Researchers also point out that because evening types often have to function when their bodies
don’t want to, it makes sense that they may have worse moods or lower life satisfaction. It may also
mean that they’ve had to figure out how to be more innovative and cut comers—which may encourage
56
· ·their creativity and cognitive skills.
L) Because the cultural stereotype is that people who go to bed and rise late are lazy, most people
probably try to become morning people as much as they can. The only ones who don’t may inherently
have more rebellious, or individualistic, traits. But shifting someone’s chronotype doesn’t necessarily
change these traits. As one recent study found, even as people tried to become “morning” people, it
didn’ t make them have a better mood or life satisfaction, suggesting these traits are “intrinsic
components of the late chronotype”.
M) Other research also has hinted that your sleep preference may be biologically “bundled” with
other characteristics. One recent study, for example, found that more visually-creative people had more
sleep disturbances, such as waking several times at night or insomnia. Again, correlation isn’t
causation. But there may be a connection to genetics. “There is a dopamine receptor gene that has been
previously associated with both increased creativity and also with insomnia and sleep disturbance,” one
researcher says.
36. Research shows night owls tend to be more imaginative than early risers.
37. Evening types can process information faster than morning types.
38. Most people try their best to become morning people because they don’t want to be considered
lazy.
39. Your parents’ sleeping habits can have an important influence on yours.
40. A morning person is likely to achieve more because his biological rhythm matches the rhythm
of his workday.
41. According to Wulff, if a night owl is forced to get up early for a period of time, he may gain
weight.
42. Researchers have found that people who rise late are likely to be less satisfied with life.
43. Only part of early risers are successful, and some famous high achievers are late risers.
44. Someone who is a night owl is more likely to suffer from depression.
45. A 20-year-old man may sleep and rise later than a 53-year-old man.
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
:
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C and D . You
), ), ) )
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single
line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
It often seems that some possess superhuman eating powers, allowing them to down an entire pizza
while remaining rail-thin. Others only need to think of a slice and gain five pounds. Now one doctor
says there’s evidence that genetics could be behind some of these differences. Regardless of how much
57
· ·you eat, your weight may be out of your hands.
Vann Bennett, a biochemist at Duke University and his team led a new investigation and
discovered why this happens. They engineered mice to have several common modifications of the gene
葡萄
found in humans. They observed that mice who had mutations of ankyrin-B took more glucose(
糖 膜
) into their fat cells, which in turn made more fat. Typically, the cell membrane( ) acts as a
barrier to prevent glucose from entering these cells; the alteration kept the gate open.
The change may serve a useful purpose. “Probably this is not always a bad thing,” Bennett told
Newsweek
. “It could help people survive famines in the past. But today we have so much food that it
probably is a bad thing.” Our modern diets of fast food drive-thru windows and aisles of packaged
snacks make the alteration work against us.
Dieters have long been told to watch their calories and exercise more, but this new finding suggests
that a blanket approach doesn’t work for everyone. And the study illustrates a common problem for
people, increased weight gain as a function of age. Our metabolism naturally slows with age, making it
harder to maintain the weight of our30-year-old selves when we’re 50. Now add an unruly ankyrin-B gene,
and it may seem impossible to stay slim.
The mice in the study gained more weight when on high-fat diets. Bennett believes this is because
once the fat cells received the glucose and start making more fat, they become sensitive to other
fat. Despite being studied in mice, the researchers believe further research on this gene, and possibly
others, could potentially create a field of customized diets and health plans based on genetics. Bennett
envisions such assessments being performed at birth one day. For now, frustrated dieters can take
comfort with one saying: It’s not you, it’s your genes.
46. According to a doctor, what makes people different in weight?
A) The amount of food they take in.
B) The amount of time they spend on exercise.
C) The genes in their body.
D) The different lifestyles.
47. How did a mouse gain weight with mutations of ankyrin-B?
A) The fat cells in the mouse would take more glucose to create more fat.
B) The cell membrane in the mouse could open the gate of fat into the mouse.
C) The glucose could function as a barrier to prevent the fat from reducing.
D) The ankyrin-B could make the mouse eat more.
48. What was the effect of the alteration in the past?
A) It could help people to absorb more ingredients.
B) It could help people to get through the starvation.
C) It could help people to avoid fast food.
58
· ·D) It could help people to enjoy more delicious snacks.
49. Why is it more difficult to stay slim when we are older?
A) Because we all lack exercise.
B) Because we watch our calories less.
C) Because we have ankyrin-B genes.
D) Because our metabolism slows down.
50. What is the prospect of further research?
A) It may help people to maintain the perfect weight.
B) It may change many new-born babies’ gene arrangement.
C) It may present human beings with a series of health plans.
D) It may provide more comfort for the frustrated dieters.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Women make up only 14 percent of full professors in U. S. economics departments. In stark
contrast to other social sciences where women typically receive over 60 percent of doctoral degrees,
women in economics receive only 35 percent of doctorates.
Women have made significant progress in certain STEM(science, technology, engineering and
mathematics) fields traditionally dominated by men. But economics is not one of them. Startlingly,
evidence suggests little progress in bringing women into economics since 2000.
Those advocating for gender equality presume that women economists need to be included when
research is being conducted and when policy is being debated because they bring a different perspective
than men. Women economists, for example, are more likely to favor government intervention over
market solutions. Male economists not only show a greater willingness to rely on markets, they are more
likely to see problems from interfering with them.
If men are the majority of full professors, younger female academics may find it harder to have their
research seen as valuable. If men are the majority of editors of economics journals, it is not difficult to
understand why it takes women six months longer to go through the review process for publishing in some
of the top economics journals. Of course, even acknowledging the barriers to women’s progress in
economics, some may be convinced that the arc of history will eventually bring more women into the
discipline, along with younger male economists more open to diversity. Unfortunately, there is growing
Economics Job Market Rumors
reason to question that assumption. As Alice Wu’s analysis of the forum
demonstrates, some of the biases that have contributed to the gender imbalance appear alive and well
among those entering the profession.
The governing board of the American Economic Association, at its January meeting, responded to
the issues raised by the job forum. But leaders in the profession and economists throughout the world
must begin to reflect upon the many factors that have produced the gender imbalance and how to address
59
· ·them constructively. The profession must understand that the lack of gender parity in economics is a
systemic problem that will not fix itself.
51. What can we learn about the situation of women in economics?
A) They receive the same respect as women in other fields.
B) Their situation has already changed a lot since 2000.
C) They only occupy a small fraction in this man-dominated field.
D) They master higher degrees than men in this field.
52. Why are women economists important?
A) Because they are better at economics than men.
B) Because they may analyze the situations in detail.
C) Because they are the essential part of the society.
D) Because they can provide different opinions.
53. What is the male economists’ attitude to the market?
A) They will let the government deal with the market.
B) They prefer to depend on the market itself.
C) They want to witness the market change in person.
D) They like to solve the market problems in the academic way.
54. What will happen to the gender imbalance according to the author?
A) It will remain in the profession for a long time.
B) It will disappear from the profession in no time.
C) The profession will allow more women to enter the field.
D) The profession will help women get the respect they deserve.
55. What should leaders do to deal with gender imbalance?
A) They should call on the public to face it together.
B) They should make public speech to spread it.
C) They should think about this problem and try to solve it.
D) They should hire more female economists.
Part Translation 30 minutes
Ⅳ ( )
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into
: ,
English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
中华民族的传统文化博大精深 源远流长 多年前 中国就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒
, 。 2,000 ,
家学说 和以老子和庄子为代表的道家学说 以及其他许多也在中国思想
(Confucianism) (Taoism),
史上有重要地位的学说和学派 这就是有名的诸子百家
(school)。 (The Hundred Schools of
从孔夫子到孙中山 中华民族的传统文化有许多宝贵的思想和品质 许多人民性和民
Thought)。 , ,
主性的好东西 比如 强调仁爱 强调群体 强调天下为公
, , 、 、 。
60
· ·答 案 解 析
大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷(一)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
A D D C A C B B D A B B A D C
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
C D C A C D A D C B A K O D E
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
M N L G C E G M J L B K I F C
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C C D B A A C B C D
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
Dear Paul,
I’m very glad to receive your letter telling me that you are ready to start your job hunt. As for the
advice on how to make your resume distinctive, I will try to make some practical suggestions.
To begin with, just as the saying goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” So it is when it comes to
preparing for your resume, as no employer wants a liar working in his company. In addition, your
resume should be concise, presenting personal information, together with a short summary of your
professional experience. Don’t dress up your resume as if it were a book or part of a book, because no
one wants to scan through pages of long-winded characters. Last but not least, it is often worthwhile to
prepare several different resumes stressing different aspects of yourself so as to make them fit for
different jobs that you’re seeking.
61
· ·I believe you will seriously take my advice into account and I hope you will find these suggestions
useful. I wish you every success in your job search.
Sincerely yours,
Annie
【参考译文】
亲爱的保罗,
我很高兴收到你的来信,告诉我你准备开始找工作了。 至于如何让你的简历与众不同,我会
尽量提出一些切实可行的建议。
首先,正如俗话所说,“诚实为上策。”在准备简历方面确实如此,因为没有雇主想要一个骗子
在他的公司工作。 此外,你的简历应该简洁,展示出个人信息,以及对你职业经历的简短总结。
不要把你的简历打扮得像一本书或书的一部分,因为没有人想浏览一页又一页冗长的文字。 最
后但同样重要的是,准备几份不同的简历,强调你自己的不同方面,使其适合你正在寻找的不同
工作,这是值得的。
我相信你会认真考虑我的建议,我希望你会觉得这些建议有用。 我祝你求职顺利。
你诚挚的,
安妮
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
News Report One
【听力原文】
Houston has received over120 centimeters of rain in just a few days. Many Houston neighborhoods
are flooded. Many people decided to wait out Hurricane Harvey when it first hit southeast Texas on
Friday. But after so much rain, they found the water had entered their homes and they needed to
leave. That is what happened on Monday to J. C. Spencer and his wife Karen, who live in north
Houston. With local police and fire department crews overwhelmed with life-saving efforts, some
Los Angeles Times
Houston residents had trouble getting help. The newspaper reported that some
Houston residents calling 911 found out their call would not be answered for over two hours. So many
residents turned to social media websites and posted messages asking for help. The Spencers had
another idea. They called a restaurant where they had dinner. When the Spencers explained their
problem, the store’s manager sent her husband to their house on a boat. The Spencers got on the boat
and were taken to a safe place.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. What did people want to do when Hurricane Harvey first hit southeast Texas?
[答案]
A)
62
· ·2. Whom did the Spencers turn to for help?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
短短几天,休斯敦的降雨量就超过了 厘米。 休斯敦的许多城区被洪水淹没。 周五飓风
120
哈维首次袭击德克萨斯州东南部时,许多人决定等待它过去。 但是下了这么多雨之后,他们发现
水已经进入了他们的家,他们需要离开。 这就是周一发生在 斯宾塞和他的妻子卡伦身上的
J. C.
事情,他们住在休斯敦北部。 由于当地警察和消防人员忙于抢救生命,一些休斯敦居民难以获得
帮助。 据《洛杉矶时报》报道,一些休斯敦居民拨打 后发现,他们的电话在两个多小时内都没
911
有人接听。 因此,许多居民求助于社交媒体网站,发布信息寻求帮助。 斯宾塞夫妇有了另一个主
意。 他们打电话给他们吃饭的餐馆。 当斯宾塞夫妇解释了他们的问题后,店铺经理让她的丈夫
坐船去了他们家。 斯宾塞夫妇上了船,被带到了一个安全的地方。
News Report Two
【听力原文】
On one recent morning in the American state of Utah, 2-year-old twin boys Bowdy and Brock were
playing in their bedroom. The boys were climbing on a piece of furniture called a dresser. They were
trying to get into some empty drawers and climb to the top of the dresser. But as they both tried to climb
up, the large dresser fell down on top of them. The accident was recorded on a camera the boys’
parents put in the bedroom. Some parents use these kinds of cameras to watch their children playing in
another room. One of the young boys, Bowdy, managed to escape from under the dresser. But his
brother, Brock, remained stuck under it. The video shows Bowdy walking around the dresser trying to
find a way to free his brother. Almost two minutes pass. But Bowdy cannot move the dresser.
Eventually, though, Bowdy found a way to push the dresser toward the wall. His brother was then able
to roll out from underneath the big piece of furniture. Both boys are okay. They were not hurt.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. What is the news report mainly about?
[答案]
D)
4. What were the twin boys doing when the accident happened?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
最近的一个早晨,在美国犹他州,两岁的双胞胎男孩儿鲍迪和布洛克正在卧室里玩耍。 男孩
儿们正在爬上一件叫作梳妆台的家具。 他们试图钻进几个空抽屉,爬上梳妆台的顶部。 但当他
们俩都想爬上去时,大梳妆台倒在了他们身上。 这一事故被男孩儿们的父母放在卧室里的摄像
机记录了下来。 有些父母用这类摄像机来观察他们的孩子在另一个房间玩耍。 其中一个小男孩
儿鲍迪设法从梳妆台下面逃了出来。 但他的兄弟布洛克仍然被困在下面。 视频显示,鲍迪在梳
63
· ·妆台周围走来走去,试图找到解救他兄弟的方法。 差不多两分钟过去了。 但是鲍迪无法移动梳
妆台。 不过最终,鲍迪找到了一个办法,把梳妆台推到墙上。 然后他的兄弟就能从那件大家具下
面滚出来了。 两个男孩儿都没事。 他们没有受伤。
News Report Three
【听力原文】
The coast of Canada’s Newfoundland is commonly called “Iceberg Alley”. Between May and
July, hundreds of icebergs float through these waters. But one iceberg arrived a bit earlier than usual
this year. It floated extremely close to the coast. The iceberg is huge. Experts say it is close to the same
Titanic
size as the iceberg that the struck in 1912.
Photographs and stories about the Ferryland iceberg quickly spread on the Internet and social
media. The towering piece of ice made news around the world. Newspapers wrote stories about how to
travel to Ferryland, a fishing village with a population of 500 people. Visitors began arriving in
Ferryland more than a month before the area’s tourist season begins. Roads filled with cars, as tourists
tried to take the perfect picture of the iceberg. Maxine Dunne owns a small inn in Ferryland. She told
National Public Radio that she can see the huge iceberg clearly from her window.
The iceberg has sat near the coast of Ferryland for almost10 days. But the Canadian Press reported
Monday that ocean currents may finally be slowly pushing the world-famous piece of ice out to sea.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. Why is the coast of Newfoundland called “Iceberg Alley”?
[答案]
A)
6. What can we learn about Ferryland?
[答案]
C)
7. What will happen to the iceberg near the coast of Ferryland?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
加拿大纽芬兰岛的海岸通常被称为“冰山巷”。 在 月到 月之间,数百座冰山漂浮在这些
5 7
水域。 但今年有一座冰山比往年来得早一点儿。 它漂浮在离海岸非常近的地方。 这座冰山是巨
大的。 专家说,它的大小与 年泰坦尼克号撞上的冰山差不多。
1912
关于费里兰冰山的照片和故事迅速在互联网和社交媒体上传播开来。 那块高耸的冰成了全
世界的新闻。 报纸写了关于如何去费里兰(一个有 人的渔村)旅行的新闻报道。 游客在该地
500
区旅游旺季开始前一个多月就开始抵达费里兰。 路上挤满了小汽车,因为游客们试图给冰山拍
一张完美的照片。 玛克辛·邓恩在费里兰开了一家小旅馆。 她告诉全国公共广播电台,她可以
从窗户清楚地看到这座巨大的冰山。
这座冰山已经在费里兰海岸附近停留了近 天。 但加拿大通讯社周一报道,洋流可能最终
10
会慢慢地将这块世界闻名的冰推向大海。
64
· ·Section B
Conversation One
【听力原文】
W: Good afternoon. Welcome to the Grand Woodward Hotel. How may I help you?
M: I have a reservation for today. It’s under the name of Hannighan.
W: Can you please spell that for me, sir?
M: Sure. H-A-N-N-I-G-H-A-N.
W: Yes, Mr. Hannighan, we’ve reserved a double room for you with a view of the ocean for two
nights. Is that correct?
M: Yes, it is.
W: Excellent. We already have your credit card information on file. If you’ll just sign the receipt
along the bottom, please?
M: Whoa! Five hundred and ninety dollars a night!
W: Yes, sir. We are a five-star hotel after all.
M: Well, fine. I’m here on business anyway, so at least I’m staying on the company’ s
dime. What’s included in this cost anyway?
W: A full continental buffet every morning, free airport shuttle service, and use of the hotel’s safe
are all included.
M: So what’s not included in the price?
W: Well, you will find a minibar in your room. Use of it will be charged to your account. Also,
the hotel provides room service, at an additional charge of course.
M: Hmm. OK, so what room am I in?
W: Room 487. Here is your key. To get to your room, take the elevator on the right up to the
fourth floor. Turn left once you exit the elevator and your room will be on the left-hand
side. A bellboy will bring your bags up shortly.
M: Great. Thanks.
W: Should you have any questions or requests, please dial “0” from your room. Also, there is
Internet available in the lobby 24 hours a day.
M: OK, and what time is check-out?
W: At midday, sir.
M: OK, thanks.
W: My pleasure, sir. Have a wonderful stay at the Grand Woodward Hotel.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. What kind of room did the man reserve in the hotel?
[答案]
B)
65
· ·9. What can we learn about the man?
[答案]
D)
10. What is included in the price?
[答案]
A)
11. When should the man check out of the hotel?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
女:下午好。 欢迎光临伍德沃德大酒店。 我能为您效劳吗?
男:我用汉尼根这个名字预订了今天的房间。
女:您能拼一下吗,先生?
男:当然。 。
H-A-N-N-I-G-H-A-N
女:是的,汉尼根先生,我们为您预留了一间可以看到大海的双人房,住两晚。 对吗?
男:是的,是这样的。
女:太好了。 我们已经把您的信用卡信息存档了。 请在收据下面签字,好吗?
男:哇! 美元一晚!
590
女:是的,先生,我们毕竟是一家五星级酒店。
男:嗯,好吧。 反正我是来出差的,所以至少我是在用公司的钱。 如此的话,这笔费用包括
什么?
女:每天早上全套的欧式自助餐、免费机场接送服务、酒店保险箱的使用都包括在内。
男:那么价格里不包括什么呢?
女:嗯,在您的房间里有一个迷你吧。 使用费用将记在您的账户上。 此外,酒店还客房提供
送餐服务,当然要另收费。
男:嗯。 好吧,那我住哪个房间呢?
女: 房间。 给您钥匙。 要到您的房间,请乘右边的电梯上到四楼。 出电梯后向左转,您的
487
房间就在左手边。 行李员马上会把您的行李拿上来。
男:太好了。 谢谢。
女:如果您有任何问题或要求,请在您的房间拨打“ ”。 此外,大厅 小时都可以上网。
0 24
男:好的,什么时候退房?
女:中午,先生。
男:好的,谢谢。
女:很乐意效劳,先生。 祝您在伍德沃德大酒店过得愉快。
Conversation Two
【听力原文】
Trend UK
W: Hello and welcome to . Creative industries often attract young people who feel
naturally drawn to them, in the hope that they can make their mark, their fortune or both,
66
· ·whilst expressing themselves in their chosen field. That’ s the dream but what are the
realities? Today we have invited a film and video editor to share his feelings with us.
Welcome, Mr. Jones.
M: Thank you.
W: What is it like working in a creative industry here in the UK?
M: It can be fantastic. Everything has highs and lows I think. But the highs can be particularly
high. I’ve worked on a variety of projects. Last year I worked on “Nanny McPhee” which
was a relatively large Hollywood film.
W: And do you have to work long hours?
M: Fourteen-, fifteen-, sixteen-hour days, it’s not unusual. There are limits set within the law,
but you usually do whatever is required to get the material in the can.
W: What about the social side of things? Do you have time to go out much?
M: In terms of meeting people, it’s a very mixed bag. I often work on my own, so I’m very
effective. I’m directing myself doing camera work and then I’ll go and edit. I’m completely
on my own for days at a time working on a project. On other projects which are much more
collaborative, you meet an awful lot of people, and obviously you’ve got a lot in common with
some of them. I’ve developed really good relationships that you could call friendships. So
yeah, socially it can be great.
W: Thank you for joining us, Mr. Jones.
M: My pleasure.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What is the man’s job?
[答案]
B)
13. What does the man think of working in a creative industry in the UK?
[答案]
A)
14. What does the man say about his work?
[答案]
D)
15. What does the man think of collaborative projects?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
女:大家好,欢迎收听《英国趋势》节目。 创意产业通常会吸引那些自然而然被吸引的年轻
人,他们希望能够在自己选择的领域中表达自己,同时出名、发财,或两者兼而有之。 这
是梦想,但现实是什么? 今天我们邀请了一位电影和视频剪辑员来与我们分享他的感
受。 欢迎光临,琼斯先生。
男:谢谢。
67
· ·女:在英国从事创意产业是什么感觉?
男:那真是太棒了。 我认为每件事都有高潮和低谷。 但高潮可能特别高。 我参与过各种各
样的项目。 去年我参与了《保姆麦克菲》的制作,这是一部相当大的好莱坞电影。
女:你要工作很长时间吗?
男:每天工作 、 、 个小时,这很正常。 法律是有限制的,但你通常会做任何需要做的事
14 15 16
情来把材料录制完毕。
女:那社交方面呢? 你有时间经常外出吗?
男:说到与人交往,这是一个非常复杂的过程。 我经常独立工作,所以效率很高。 我在指导
自己做摄影工作,然后我去剪辑。 我在一个项目上一连好几天都是完全独立的。 在其他
更需要合作的项目中,你会遇到非常多的人,而且很明显,你和他们中的一些人有很多共
同点。 我已经建立了非常好的关系,你可以称之为友谊。 因此是的,从社交角度来说,这
是很棒的。
女:谢谢你参加我们的节目,琼斯先生。
男:不客气。
Section C
Passage One
【听力原文】
The first man to combine the steam engines and carts was Richard Trevithick, an engineer. He
designed a steam engine that could run on wheels in 1803. In 1804, his engine pulled carts carrying
18 metric tons of iron ore and 70 men for five miles in South Wales. But it was so heavy that the track
broke when it reached five miles per hour.
The rail transport system in Great Britain developed during the 19th century. Britain’s railways
were initially owned by four companies, and then during WWⅡ they were taken into state control in
1947. It wasn’t until 1996 that they were private again!
Today there are 25 train operators who run the services—one infrastructure company and three
rolling stock companies, and all sorts of companies who do maintenance work on the 13,000 miles of
track. There are also a number of government organizations like the Strategic Rail Authority and the
Health and Safety Executive. They are involved in running the railways, making the whole structure
extremely complicated.
Broken tracks, leaves or the wrong type of snow on the line and trains are a feature of rail travel in
the UK nowadays. According to statistics, only two out of ten British trains are late, but the main
problem is they always seem to be my trains! If you have a problem when travelling by train in Britain
there is a very good network called the Rail Passenger Council. It deals with complaints and will also
give a lot of advice on any problems you might have had.
68
· ·Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What did Richard Trevithick’s engine carry in 1804?
[答案]
C)
17. What can we learn about the rail transport system in the UK?
[答案]
D)
18. What can we learn about the speaker’s experiences of taking British trains?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
第一个把蒸汽机和手推车结合起来的人是工程师理查德·特里维希克。 他在 年设计
1803
了一台可以在轮子上运行的蒸汽机。 年,他的机车拉着载有 吨铁矿石和 个人的手推
1804 18 70
车在南威尔士行驶了 英里。 但是它太重了,当它达到每小时 英里时,轨道就断了。
5 5
英国的铁路运输系统在 世纪发展起来。 英国的铁路最初由四家公司所有,然后在 年
19 1947
二战期间由国家控制。 直到 年,它们才再次私人化!
1996
如今,有 家火车公司在运营这些服务———一家基础设施公司和三家铁路车辆公司,以及
25
在这 , 英里的轨道上做维护工作的各种公司。 还有一些政府组织,如战略铁路管理局和健
13 000
康与安全执行局。 他们参与了铁路的运营,使整个结构变得极其复杂。
如今,破损的铁轨、线路和火车上的落叶或形状错误的雪都是在英国乘火车旅行的特点。 据
统计,英国只有十分之二的火车晚点,但主要的问题是,它们似乎总是我的火车! 如果你在英国
乘火车旅行时遇到了问题,有一个很好的叫作铁路乘客委员会的网络。 它处理投诉,也会对你可
能遇到的任何问题给出很多建议。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
Our expectation of what romance is probably dated from the Romantic Period. It was an artistic,
literary, musical and intellectual movement that is derived from Europe in the 18th century. The notion
of falling in love, getting married and living happily ever after were culturally held ideas formed during
this period and still exist today.
Of course there’s nothing wrong with liking the idea of romance. It makes us feel good, but we
must be careful not to use it as a standard for our own relationships. This ideal version of love leaves out
the essence of real-life relationships. There’s usually work, finances and other stresses of everyday life
to deal with. You can’t expect romantic gestures like a bunch of red roses every day. There are bills to
pay!
Many popular love stories end at the point where the characters get together or tie the knot. That
puts the focus on finding someone special. But very few show us how to keep that perfect catch over a
long period of time. A relationship is hard work. It’s frustrating, messy and can be emotionally
damaging.
69
· ·If you’re still convinced romance isn’t dead, how will you ever find it? Some people might think
nowadays romance is dying because it has become too easy to meet new people via dating apps.
Perhaps romance is best left to the movies. It’s a fantasy that makes us feel good. Romance is full
of love, concentrating on finding a good and healthy relationship with its ups and downs. Do you believe
romance really exists?
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. What does the idea of romance leave out?
[答案]
A)
20. How does the speaker think of a romantic relationship?
[答案]
C)
21. Why do some people think romance is dying today?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
我们对浪漫的期望很可能是从浪漫主义时期开始的。 它是一场艺术、文学、音乐和理性运
动,起源于 世纪的欧洲。 坠入爱河、结婚、从此幸福地生活在一起的观念是在这一时期形成的
18
文化观念,今天仍然存在。
当然,喜欢浪漫的想法并没有错。 它让我们感觉良好,但我们必须小心,不要把它作为我们
自己关系的标准。 这种理想的爱情忽略了现实生活中关系的本质。 通常会有工作、财务和其他
日常生活的压力需要处理。 你不能指望每天都收到一束红玫瑰这样浪漫的礼物。 有很多账单
要付!
许多流行的爱情故事都以人物在一起或喜结连理结束。 这就把重点放在寻找特别的人上
了。 但很少有故事向我们展示如何在很长一段时间内保持做完美的配偶。 维持一段关系是很辛
苦的。 这是令人沮丧的、令人厌烦的,可能会伤害感情。
如果你仍然坚信浪漫没有消亡,你怎么才能找到它呢? 有些人可能认为浪漫现在正在消亡,
因为通过约会软件认识新朋友变得太容易了。
也许浪漫最好留给电影吧。 这是一种让我们感觉良好的幻想。 浪漫是充满爱的,专注于寻
找一段起伏不定的良好健康的关系。 你相信浪漫真的存在吗?
Passage Three
【听力原文】
Are you a dog person? Maybe you have one at home and enjoy taking it for walks and curling up
with it on the sofa. Personally, I’m not that kind of person. For me they’re aggressive, smelly animals
that need constant care and lack the independent nature and intelligence that cats have. But given the
life-saving skills that some dogs possess, maybe I should give them a second chance.
To some, a perfect dog might be one that looks cute, is loyal and sits when it’s told. But to really
be man’s best friend, they need to do something useful. Some breeds that have an amazing sense of
70
· ·smell are put to good use as detection dogs. They are trained to use their senses to detect substances
such as explosives and illegal drugs. You’ll often see them at airports or working with police out on the
streets.
Other types of working dogs including guide dogs and hearing dogs provide a life-saving service to
their owners. Some dogs can alert emergency services when their owner has a seizure. And there are
clever dogs that have been trained to provide affection and comfort to people in hospitals, retirement
homes or schools.
New uses for dogs are being discovered all the time. The dog is in fact a highly sophisticated
sensor. Evolution has given him this highly sensitive nose. It’s this incredible ability that has led to the
UK’s National Health Service assessing whether dogs can be used to detect early-stage cancer. It’s
vital for improving survival rates.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. What does the speaker think of dogs in the beginning?
[答案]
A)
23. Which is a feature a perfect dog should possess according to some people?
[答案]
D)
24. What can we learn about dogs with a good sense of smell?
[答案]
C)
25. What is crucial to improving survival rates of cancer patients?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
你喜欢狗吗? 也许你家里有一只,你喜欢带着它散步,和它一起蜷缩在沙发上。 就个人而
言,我不是那种人。 对我来说,它们是有攻击性的、气味难闻的动物,需要持续的照看,缺乏猫所
拥有的独立天性和智慧。 但考虑到有些狗拥有的救命技能,也许我应该再给它们一次机会。
对一些人来说,一只完美的狗可能是看起来可爱、忠诚、听到命令就坐下的狗。 但要真正成
为人类最好的朋友,它们需要做一些有用的事情。 有些品种有惊人的嗅觉,可以很好地用作侦查
犬。 它们被训练使用感官来探测爆炸物和非法毒品等物质。 你经常会在机场看到它们,或者看
到它们在街上和警察一起工作。
其他类型的工作犬,包括导盲犬和助听犬,为它们的主人提供救生服务。 当主人疾病发作
时,有些狗会向急救中心发出警报。 还有一些聪明的狗,它们被训练给在医院、养老院或学校里
的人们提供关爱和安慰。
狗的新用途一直在被发现。 狗实际上是一个高度精密的传感器。 进化赋予了它高度敏感的
鼻子。 正是这种令人难以置信的能力,促使英国国家医疗服务体系评估狗是否可以用来检测早
期癌症。 这对提高存活率至关重要。
71
· ·Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
问一位英国左翼人士对核能安全的看法,你可以猜到他的答案。 问一位美国右翼人士气候
变化带来的风险,你也可以比不知道他的政治派别做出更好的猜测。 像这样的问题似乎应该通
过科学而不是通过我们的政治派别来了解,但遗憾的是,事实并非如此。
长久以来,心理学表明,教育和智力并不能阻止你的政治观点塑造你更广阔的世界观,即使
这些观点与确凿的证据不符。 相反,你权衡事实的能力可能取决于一种较不为人公认的品
质———好奇心。
现在有大量的证据表明,政治不仅会帮助预测人们对一些科学问题的看法,还会影响人们如
何理解新信息。 这也是为什么以为摆出更多事实就能够“纠正”人们对某个问题的看法是一个错
误,因为一项又一项研究表明,人们倾向于选择性地拒绝与他们现有观点不相符的事实。
但更聪明的人不该受到偏见的影响从而动摇其观点,对吧? 错了。 其他研究表明,那些受教
育程度最高、数学能力最强、自我反思倾向最强的人最有可能抵制与自己的偏见相矛盾的信息。
这打破了一种过于简单的假设,即偏见是太多的直觉和不够深入的思考的结果。 相反,那些对问
题有更深思考能力的人会使用这些认知力为其固有的观点辩护并找理由否定明显相反的证据。
【答案精析】
名词 好奇心 证据 天赋 才能 事实 现实
:D) curiosity ;E) evidence ;G) facility , ;H) fact , ;
灵活性 错误
I) flexibility ;M) mistake
动词 解释 阐明 告知 了解 塑造
:F) explained , ;K) informed , ;O) shaping
形容词 更好的 相反的 相对立的 完全相同的
:A) better ;C) contrary , ;J) identical ;
有见识的 可能的
K) informed ;L) likely
副词 更好 有竞争力地 好胜地 可能 有选
:A) better ;B) competitively , ;L) likely ;N) selectively
择地
[答案]
26. A) better
【精析】 空格前面是不定冠词 后面是名词 因此需要填入形容词来修饰
a, guess, guess。
通过分析句子结构可知 空格之后为 引导的比较状语从句 因此空格处需要填入形
, than ,
容词的比较级 本句前半部分提及询问一位美国右翼人士有关气候变化带来的风险 后
。 ,
半部分比较了了解他的政治立场前后所猜的答案 而上一句指出 问一位英国左翼人
。 “
士对核能安全的看法 你可以猜到他的答案 由此可知 在了解政治立场的情况下猜
, ”。 ,
出的答案一定更准确 此处应选择与 准确 意义相近的形容词 所以 为本题
, “ ” , A) better
答案
。
[答案]
27. K) informed
【精析】 空格前面是 后面是 通过分析句子结构可知 此处使用了
should be, by science, ,
72
· ·被动语态 因此空格处需要填入动词的过去分词 本句提到的 像这样的问题 是指类
, 。 “ ”,
似前两句列举的问题 即通过了解对方政治倾向就能猜到答案的问题 而
, , by science, not
表明这种问题的答案应该通过科学来了解 而不是通过政治派系
our political tribes , ,
了解 为本题答案
K) informed“ ” 。
[答案]
28. O) shaping
【精析】 空格前面是动词短语 后面为名词短语 因此
stopfrom, your broader world view,
空格处需要填入动词的动名词形式 本句提到 长久以来 心理学表明 教育和智力并
。 “ , ,
不能阻止你的政治观点 你更广阔的世界观 备选词中只有一个动名词
”, O)
塑造 并且 表示 塑造世界观 因此 为本题
shaping“ ”, shape a world view “ ”, O) shaping
答案
。
[答案]
29. D) curiosity
【精析】 空格前面是破折号 根据破折号之前的名词短语 可
, a less well-recognised trait
知 此处的破折号是用来引出具体的品质或突出同位语 因此空格处应填入名词 本句
, , 。
以 开头 提示我们真实情况与上文相反 即权衡事实的能力可能取决于一种较不
Instead , ,
为人公认的品质 备选项中只有 好奇心 符合原文意思 故为本题答案
, D) curiosity“ ” , 。
[答案]
30. E) evidence
【精析】 空格前面是单位词 作修饰语 因此空格处应填入可数名词的复
a mountain of, ,
数形式或不可数名词 空格处之后是不定式短语 作后置定语 用来修饰
。 to showissues, ,
该名词 结合以上两点可知 备选项中只有不可数名词 证据 符合语义 故
。 , E) evidence“ ” ,
为本题答案
。
[答案]
31. M) mistake
【精析】 空格前是不定冠词 因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式 本句提到 这
a, 。 “
也是为什么以为摆出更多事实就能够 纠正 人们对某个问题的看法是一个
‘ ’ ”,
此处的 这 指代上一句中提到的 政治不仅会帮助预测人们对一些科学问题的看法 还
“ ” “ ,
会影响人们如何理解新信息 该观点与本句中的想法相矛盾 表明本句中的想法是错
”, ,
误的 因此 错误 为本题答案
, M) mistake“ ” 。
[答案]
32. N) selectively
【精析】 空格前面是不定式符号 后面为动词 因此空格处需要填入副词 修饰
to, reject, ,
其后的动词 该不定式短语用作后置定语 修饰名词 后半句的意思是 一项又
。 , tendency, “
一项研究表明 人们倾向于 拒绝与他们现有观点不相符的事实 而前半句又
, ”,
指出 以为摆出更多事实就能够 纠正 人们对某个问题的看法是一个错误 因而
“ ‘ ’ ”,
有选择地 为本题答案
N) selectively“ ” 。
[答案]
33. L) likely
【精析】 空格在连系动词 之后 因此需要填入形容词 作表语 该段第一句提到 更
are , , 。 “
73
· ·聪明的人不该受到偏见的影响从而动摇其观点 第二句中的 表明接下来的观点
”, Wrong
与第一句相反 即 那些受教育程度最高 数学能力最强 自我反思倾向最强的人最
, “ 、 、
抵制与自己的偏见相矛盾的信息 由此可知 此处应选择表示肯定意义的形
”。 ,
容词 为固定搭配 表示 可能 因此 为本题答案
,be likely to , “ ”, L) likely 。
[答案]
34. G) facility
【精析】 空格前为动词 和定冠词 因此空格处应填入名词 本句中的
have the, 。 those
指代 引导的定语从句中 的宾语 由此可知 空格处应填入与能
cognitive powers who have , ,
力相关的名词 因此 天赋 才能 为本题答案
, G) facility“ , ” 。
[答案]
35. C) contrary
【精析】 空格前面是副词 后面是名词 因此需要填入形容词 此处
apparently, evidence, 。
中 连接两个并列的不定式短语 和
and to justify what they already believe find reasons to
不定式短语作目的状语 该句指出 那些对问题有
dismiss apparently evidence, , “
更深思考能力的人会使用这些认知力为其固有的观点辩护并找理由否定明显
的证据 由此可知 此处应填入表示 相反 意思的词 因此 相反的 相对
”。 , “ ” , C) contrary“ ,
立的 为本题答案
” 。
Section B
【参考译文】
如何修复互联网
) 我们必须修复互联网。 年后,它已经开始腐蚀,包括它自己和我们。 它仍然是一项了
A 40
不起的神奇发明,但现在地基里有虫子,钟楼里有蝙蝠,地下室里有巨怪。
) 我的意思并不是说这是一种技术恐惧症的咆哮,它侮辱互联网重新连接了我们的大脑,
B
让我们紧张地集中注意力,或者自以为是地说我们如何必须退出网络,闻闻花香。 自从柏拉图担
心书写技术会威胁到记忆和演讲术以来,这些对新技术的担忧就一直存在。 我喜欢互联网和它
的所有数字衍生物。 我感到悲哀的是它的衰落。
) 它的原始设计中有一个漏洞,起初看起来像是一个特点,但逐渐地,现在迅速地被黑客、
C
网络喷子和恶意行为者利用:它的数据包用目的地地址编码,但没有真正的来源地址。 在电路交
换网络中,你可以追踪或追溯信息的来源,但对于互联网的分组交换设计来说,并不是这样。
) 更复杂的是蒂姆·伯纳斯 李和早期浏览器的发明者为万维网创建的架构。 它出色地将
D -
地球上所有的计算机连接在一起,并通过超链接进行导航。 但这种联系是单向的。 你知道链接
会把你带到哪里。 但如果你有一个网页或一段内容,你不知道谁会链接到你或来使用你的内容。
) 所有这些都保护了匿名的可能性。 你可以匿名发表评论,匿名访问一个网页,匿名消费
E
内容,或者稍加努力,匿名发送电子邮件。 如果你想办法进入别人的服务器或数据库,你可以匿
名进行。
) 多年来,网络匿名的好处大于它的缺点。 人们在表达自己时感到更自由,如果他们持有
F
74
· ·不同的观点或隐藏个人秘密,这尤其有价值。 这在 年《纽约客》的著名漫画中得到了赞美,
1993
“在互联网上,没有人知道你是一条狗。”
) 现在的问题是没人能分辨出你是一个网络喷子,一个黑客,还是一个机器人程序。 这毒
G
害了文明对话,助长了黑客行为,允许了网络欺凌,并使电子邮件成为一种风险。
) 互联网遗传密码中固有的安全识别和身份认证的缺乏也阻碍了交易的便捷,妨碍了金融
H
包容性,破坏了内容创造者的商业模式,爆发了垃圾邮件的泛滥,并迫使我们使用密码和双因素
身份认证方案,这些方案会让胡迪尼感到困惑。 花费了数万亿美元,计算机科学人才的智商被分
配到解决安全问题上,这对某些行业的生产力来说是一种拖累,而不是刺激。
) 在柏拉图的《理想国》中,我们学习了盖吉斯之戒的故事。 戴上它,你就隐身了、匿名了。
I
柏拉图提出的问题是,戴上戒指的人是否文明,是否道德。 他不这么认为。 互联网已经证明他是
对的。 网络不再是一个社区,不再是一个市场。 每天都有更多的网站取消评论区。
) 如果我们可以从零开始,我认为我们会这样做:建立一个系统,使内容生产者能够与信息
J
汇集公司和搜索引擎谈判,以便在他们的内容被使用时获得版税,就像美国作曲家、作家和出版
商协会( )就其成员作品的公开表演和广播进行谈判一样。 嵌入一个简单的数字钱包和货
ASCAP
币,用于快速方便地小额支付歌曲、博客、文章和任何其他出售的数字内容。 用经过验证的返回
地址或原始地址编码电子邮件。 尽可能在系统的最底层(例如在硬件或编程语言中)强制执行关
键属性和安全性,而不是让程序员将安全性纳入他们编写的每一行代码中。 制造能够更新互联
网数据包概念的芯片和机器。 对于那些想要的人来说,他们的数据包可以用元数据编码或标记,
元数据描述了它们包含的内容,并给出了如何使用内容的规则。
) 大多数互联网工程师认为这些改革是可能的,从 协议最初的联合设计者温特·
K TCP/IP
瑟夫,到 的米洛·梅丁,再到麻省理工学院网络安全主任霍华德·施罗布。 “我们不需要
Google
生活在网络地狱里,”施罗布说。 实施这些改革与其说是技术问题,不如说是成本和社会意愿的
问题。 可以理解,有些人会抵制任何减少匿名性的做法,他们有时会把匿名性贴上隐私的标签。
) 所以我认为最好的办法是尝试建立一个自愿的系统,让那些想要使用它的人有经过验证
L
的身份证明和认证。 人们不会被迫使用这样的系统。 如果他们想匿名交流和冲浪,他们可以做
到。 但我们这些选择不匿名,且不与匿名的人打交道的人,也应该有这种权利。 这就是现实世界
的运作方式。
) 好处是很多的:简单和安全的方式来处理人们的财务和医疗记录;小额支付系统可以奖
M
励有价值的内容,而不是目前专注于标题党广告的动机;减少黑客攻击、垃圾邮件、网络欺凌、恶
意挑衅和匿名仇恨的喷涌;以及产生一种更文明的话语的可能性。
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“enable users to do many things online anonymously.” E
“anonymity. You could make comments anonymously. Go to a web page anonymously.
75
· ·相
Consume content anonymouslysend emails anonymouslyyou could do it anonymously.”
匹配
。
[答案]
37. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材
“conceal their identity onlinepoisoned their online life.” G
料 相匹配
“nobody can tell if you’reThis has poisoned” 。
[答案]
38. M)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材
“be advantageous to our online life in a number of aspects.” M
料 相匹配
“The benefits would be many” 。
[答案]
39. J)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“There are several waysfrom the very beginning.” J
相匹配
“If we could start from scratchwe would do” 。
[答案]
40. L)
【精析】 题干中的
“inventing a system to let people go online anonymously or not as they
与 段材料前三句
wish.” L “create a voluntary systemPeople would not be forced to use
相匹配
such a systemanonymously, they could.” 。
[答案]
41. B)
【精析】 题干中的 和 段材
“People’s concern about new technologiesa long time ago.” B
料第二句 相匹配
“Those worries about new technologies have exited ever since Plato” 。
[答案]
42. K)
【精析】 题干中的
“Pubic oppositionone of the biggest obstacles to carrying out the
和 段材料最后两句
reforms.” K “Implementing themthan of cost and social will. Some
相匹配
people, understandably, will resist” 。
[答案]
43. I)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第
“mentioned by Plato has been shown on the Internet.” I
三至五句 相匹配
“The question that Plato asksThe Internet has proven him correct.” 。
[答案]
44. F)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“anonymity online did more good than harm.” F
相匹配
“the benefits of anonymity on the Net outweighed its drawbacks.” 。
[答案]
45. C)
【精析】 题干中的
“It is the design of the Internet that makes it impossiblewhere the
与 段材料最后一句
information comes from.” C “the origins of the information, but that’s
相匹配
not true with the packet-switched design of the Internet.” 。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
根据英属哥伦比亚大学的一项研究,教师职业倦怠可能与学生压力相互关联。
76
· ·这是第一个调查教师职业倦怠与学生皮质醇含量之间关系的研究,其中皮质醇含量是一种
判断压力的生物学指标。
研究人员收集了 多个小学生的唾液样本,并测试了他们的皮质醇含量。 研究人员发现,
400
在教师表现出更多倦怠或情绪耗竭的班级,学生的皮质醇含量会有所上升。 较高的皮质醇含量
不仅与小学生的心理健康问题,也与他们的学习障碍相关联。
“这意味着在教室里可能发生教师和学生之间的压力传染,”伊娃·奥伯勒说道,她是此项研
究的第一作者,也是人类早期学习合作研究部新任命的助理教授,该研究部隶属英属哥伦比亚大
学的人口与公共卫生学院。 “尚不清楚什么先发生———升高的皮质醇还是教师职业倦怠。 我们
认为学生和教师压力之间的关系是发生在教室里的一个循环问题。”
奥伯勒表示,充满压力的教室气氛可能是由对教师的支持不足造成的,这可能会影响教师有
效管理学生的能力。 管理不善的教室会导致学生需求无法被满足以及压力的不断攀升。 这在学
生升高的皮质醇含量上有所体现。
另一种情况是,压力可能来自学生,因为焦虑、行为问题或特殊需求的增加,教育他们更具挑
战性。 在这种情况下,教师可能感到崩溃,表现出较高程度的职业倦怠。
“我们的研究让大家注意到,在教室规模扩大和对教师的支持缩减时,教师和教育工作者所
面临的系统性问题,”奥伯勒说。
“从近期大量的研究调查研究中可清楚地看到,教学是压力最大的职业之一,而且教师在他
们的工作中需要足够的资源与支持来抵抗职业倦怠,缓解教室里的压力,”英属哥伦比亚大学教
育学教授金伯利·斯科勒 莱克尔说道,他还是这项研究的合著者以及人类早期学习合作研究部
-
的负责人。 “如果我们不支持教师,我们就会有让孩子受到附带伤害的风险。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段第二句
research the University of British Columbia 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 研究人员发现 在教师表现出更多倦怠或情绪耗竭
。 , ,
的班级 学生的皮质醇含量会有所上升 由此推断 学生的皮质醇含量受教师职业倦怠
, 。 ,
的影响 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
47. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第四段第一句
identities Eva Oberle 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 是此次研究的第一作者 也是人类早期
。 ,Eva Oberle ,
学习合作研究部新任命的助理教授 该研究部隶属英属哥伦比亚大学的人口与公共卫生
,
学院 由此可知 是英属哥伦比亚大学的助理教授 故答案为
。 ,Eva Oberle , C)。
[答案]
48. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第四段最
Eva Oberle, increased cortisol teacher tiredness
后两句
。
77
· ·【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 认为 尚不清楚什么先发生 升高的
。 ,Eva Oberle , ———
皮质醇还是教师职业倦怠 学生和教师压力之间的关系是发生在教室里的一个循环问
,
题 由此推断 升高的皮质醇和教师职业倦怠是循环发生的 故答案为
。 , , D)。
[答案]
49. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位
Kimberly Schonert-Reichl struggle with occupational burnout
到最后一段第一句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 说道 教师在他们的工作
。 ,Kimberly Schonert-Reichl ,
中需要足够的资源与支持来抵抗职业倦怠 缓解教室里的压力 由此可知 他建议给那
, 。 ,
些想要与职业倦怠作斗争的教师提供工作所需的资源 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
50. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到最后一段最后一句
“collateral” last paragraph 。
【精析】 语义理解题 定位句提到 如果我们不支持教师 我们就会让孩子受到
。 , ,
伤害的风险 而上一句指出我们支持教师的目的是为了让他们抵抗职业倦怠
collateral 。 ,
缓解教室里的压力 并且第五段也提到 充满压力的教室气氛可能是由于对教师的支持
。 ,
不够造成的 这可能影响教师有效管理学生的能力 而管理不善的教室会导致学生需求
, ,
无法满足以及压力的不断攀升 这会反应在学生升高的皮质醇含量上 由此推断 我们
, 。 ,
不支持教师 会对教师造成直接影响 然后教师再对孩子造成间接影响 故答案为
, , , A)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
关于爱情的古老谚语非常精辟,但根据近来的研究,相异并不相吸。
研究表明,人们往往寻求与自己典型特征相似的伙伴关系,并最终结婚,这些特征包括年龄、
政治倾向、宗教信仰、教育(背景)和收入等。
“一般而言,当我们思考相异是否相吸时,我们考虑的是性格方面,而不是上述这些非常关键
的本质特征,”华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的临床心理学家兼作家维尼塔·梅塔说道。
究其原因,其中一个重要因素就是你所处的人生阶段:你住在何处,你拥有什么样的生活方
式,还有你接触的是哪类人。
“如果你是在大学校园里,一般来说,你会去找年龄相仿的人,”梅塔说道。 “你会去找那些至
少最终会成为与你总收入处于相同阶级的人。”
来自堪萨斯大学的研究人员提出了一个更大胆的观点。 今年早些时候发表的一项研究,分
析了一些现实生活中的伙伴关系,并向几对人(恋人、朋友和熟人)询问了他们认为重要的态度、
行为、价值观、偏见和人格特质。 对于上述问题的观点,那些关系更亲密的搭档不一定比新组成
的搭档更相似,并且在测试中的每一个个人问题上,人们几乎都拥有共同之处。
领导该研究的心理学家认为,这并非偶然发生的;它是如此的常见和普遍,因此当我们结交
新朋友或恋人时,寻求志趣相投的人可能是我们的心理默认。 我们肯定会从这些关系中获得最
78
· ·大收益。 它们让我们感觉更舒适,并且更加信任他人,而这使取得合作和实现目标变得更容易。
随着性格的深入,在将情绪不稳定性和责任心程度等重要特质联系在一起时,伴侣们通常会
更幸福。 但这并不意味着你和你重要的另一半需要在每件事上都达成共识。 拥有不同的怪
癖———你的性格中不那么典型的部分,比如你最喜欢的运动或食物———可以将你引入新的活动
和思维方式,这会使你成为一个更全面的人。
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段
these big key essential factors Line 2, Para. 3 。
【精析】 语义理解题 第三段指出 一般而言 当我们思考相异是否相吸时 我们考虑
。 , , ,
的是性格方面 而不是上述这些非常关键的本质特征 而上文提到研究表明 人们往往寻
, , ,
求与自己典型特征相似的伙伴关系 并最终结婚 这些特征包括年龄 政治倾向 宗教信
, , 、 、
仰 教育 背景 和收入等 由此推断 第三段中的 是指代上
、 ( ) 。 , these big key essential factors
文提到的这些相似的本质特征 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
52. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第五段第一句
Vinita Mehta college students 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 说 如果你是在大学校园里 一般来说 你会
。 ,Mehta :“ , ,
找年龄相仿的人 由此可知 认为大学生往往会与年龄相仿的人交朋友 故
。” ,Vinita Mehta ,
答案为
C)。
[答案]
53. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第六段第一句和最后一句
the University of Kansas 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 堪萨斯大学的研究发现 对于一些问题的观点 那
。 , , ,
些关系更亲密的搭档不一定比新组成的搭档更相似 由此推出 搭档之间的相似度不一
。 ,
定会随着亲密度发生变化 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
54. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第二段 第六
the purpose of citing the studies the passage 、
段最后一句和第七段第一句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 第二段的研究表明人们往往寻求与自己典型特征相似的伙伴关
。
系 并最终结婚 第六段中堪萨斯大学的研究人员发现 受试者与搭档之间的相似度不受
, ; ,
其亲密度的影响 第七段进一步强调堪萨斯大学的研究发现具有必然性和普遍性 即人
; ,
们在结交新朋友或恋人时 往往会寻求志趣相投的人 由此可知 作者虽然提及人们会
, 。 ,
结识与自己典型特征相似的人 但这是第一项研究结果 并非作者列举研究的目的 故排
, , ,
除 为了表明我们应该结识什么样的人 为了弄清楚我们目前所处的人生阶段
A)“ ”;B)“ ”
和 为了介绍志趣相投的人能给我们带来的好处 虽然分别在原文第四段和第七段
D)“ ”
最后两句有所提及 但不是作者所列举研究的目的 故排除 故答案为
, , 。 C)。
79
· ·[答案]
55. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到最后
the author’s attitude the similarities between couples
一段
。
【精析】 观点态度题 作者在最后一段第一句提到 随着性格的深入 在将情绪不稳定
。 , ,
性和责任心程度等重要特质联系在一起时 伴侣们通常会更幸福 由此可知 作者认为
, 。 ,
性格主要特质的相似性有好处 紧接着第二句句首的 表明句意发生了转折 该句指
。 But ,
出这并不意味着你和你重要的另一半需要在每件事上都达成共识 并在第三句做出了进
,
一步的解释 拥有不同的怪癖可以将你引入新的活动和思维方式 这会使你成为一个更
, ,
全面的人 这两句表明作者认为伴侣之间存在不同也有好处 综上可以判断 作者对伴
, 。 ,
侣之间的相似之处持客观态度 故答案为
, D)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has a long history of more than 5,000 years. It is a summary
of the experience of working people who struggle against diseases over thousands of years. In TCM
theory, Yin and Yang are used to explain physiological and pathological phenomena of the body. The
concepts of Yin-Yang and the five elements(metal, wood, water, fire and earth)laid a theoretical
foundation for TCM. TCM uses traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and many other therapies to
make human body be harmony between Yin and Yang. Although there is still a huge gap between
Chinese and Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine has been spread across more than 160
countries and regions around the world so far. Some even joke that TCM is the fifth great invention of
China.
大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷(二)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
C A B C B C D A D C A B C A B
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
B A C C C C A B B D C K E H D
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
A N L J O G Q M B J E S N K D
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C A C D B C A B B D
80
· ·Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
A Self-guided Tour Is Preferred for Me
With the ceaseless increase of income and leisure time, travelling has become the mainstream for
people to relax themselves. However, there are disagreements when it comes to the choice of travelling
modes. Some people, especially the young, tend to go on a self-guided tour, while others, especially
the old, prefer a package tour. From my own perspective, I am in favor of a self-guided tour.
In the first place, compared with the package tour which requires the tourists to follow exactly the
travel agency’s schedule, the self-guided tour allows us to make our own itinerary. In the second
place, while we can only stay a very short time in each attraction following the relatively tight package
tour, it’s wiser to enjoy every landscape carefully by joining a self-guided tour. Last but not least,
forcing consumers to purchase some commodities is commonplace in a package tour; by contrast, if we
are in a self-guided tour, certainly we don’t have to worry about that problem.
To sum up, given the factors that I have just outlined above, I prefer to travel on my own, which
is more convenient and unconstrained.
【参考译文】
我更喜欢自助游
随着收入和闲暇时间的不断增加,旅游已成为人们放松身心的主流。 然而,在出行方式的选
择上存在分歧。 有些人,尤其是年轻人,倾向于自助游,而另一些人,尤其是老年人,喜欢跟团游。
从我自己的角度来看,我赞成自助游。
首先,与要求游客严格遵循旅行社时间表的跟团游相比,自助游允许我们制定自己的旅行计
划。 其次,相对紧凑的跟团游只允许我们在每个景点停留很短的时间,而更明智的做法是加入自
助游,仔细欣赏每一处风景。 最后但同样重要的是,在跟团游中强迫消费者购买一些商品是司空
见惯的;相比之下,我们如果是自助游,当然不必担心那个问题。
概括起来说,鉴于我上文列出的因素,我更喜欢独自旅行,这样更方便、更自由。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
News Report One
【听力原文】
At least three people have died after one of California’s strongest storms in years brought torrential
rain and flash floods to the state.
More than 100 homes have been evacuated over fears of mud slides near Los Angeles after the
81
· ·Pacific storm, dubbed a “bombogenesis” or “weather bomb”, parked itself over southern California,
opening sinkholes and cutting power to thousands of people.
More than 300 flights at Los Angeles international airport have also been cancelled or delayed. The
storm stretched far out into the ocean and was at its strongest late on Friday afternoon. It is expected to
last until Saturday afternoon.
Amtrak cancelled services for much of California’ s southern and central coast, and several
stretches of road were closed by flooding.
There were several traffic deaths on wet and flooded roads, but it was difficult to determine which
were a direct result of the storm.
the LA Times
Ryan Maue, a meteorologist for WeatherBELL Analytics, told 10 trillion gallons of
rain would fall on California in the next week, enough to fill 15 million Olympic-sized swimming pools
or to power Niagara Falls for 154 days.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. Why have more than 100 homes been evacuated?
[答案]
C)
2. What do we learn about the storm from the news report?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
加利福尼亚州多年来最强烈的风暴之一给该州带来了暴雨和山洪,造成至少三人死亡。
这场太平洋风暴被称为“炸弹成因”或“天气炸弹”,在它停留在加利福尼亚州南部上空,打开
落水洞,切断数千人的电力供应后,洛杉矶附近的 多个家庭因担心泥石流而被疏散。
100
洛杉矶国际机场的 多个航班也被取消或推迟。 这场风暴一直延伸到海洋深处,在周五
300
下午晚些时候达到最强。 预计将持续到周六下午。
美国铁路公司取消了加利福尼亚州南部和中部海岸大部分地区的服务,多条道路因洪水而
关闭。
在潮湿和被洪水淹没的道路上有几人死于交通事故,但很难确定哪些是风暴的直接结果。
的气象学家瑞恩·莫尔告诉《洛杉矶时报》,下周加利福尼亚州将有
WeatherBELL Analytics
万亿加仑的降雨,足以填满 , 万个奥运会大小的游泳池,或为尼亚加拉瀑布供电 天。
10 1 500 154
News Report Two
【听力原文】
A bushfire has destroyed at least 15 homes near the New South Wales and Australian Capital
Territory border with police warning that figure will continue to rise.
The New South Wales Rural Service(NSW RFS)confirmed the losses near Carwoola on Friday
82
· ·evening and said the fire was still burning out of control.
“Unfortunately we’ve counted at this stage 15 homes that have been lost, particularly around the
Widgiewa Road area,” the RFS’s Darren Marks told ABC Canberra. “At this point in time the fire is
still going, which means we do not have control of it.”
There have been no reports of fatalities but Queanbeyan police said the number of properties lost
was expected to rise. An RFS firefighter was hospitalised with injuries earlier on Friday.
Hot and windy conditions returned to parts of the state on Friday and the RFS urged residents of
Captains Flat, east of Queanbeyan, to seek shelter as a fast-moving blaze neared. An RFS emergency
warning advised that properties were under threat and the ABC reported one home had already been
lost.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. What happened near the New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory border?
[答案]
B)
4. What did Darren Marks tell ABC Canberra?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
一场森林大火摧毁了新南威尔士州和澳大利亚首都地区边界附近至少 栋房屋,警方警告
15
称,这一数字还将继续上升。
新南威尔士州农村服务局周五晚间证实了卡乌拉附近的损失,并表示火灾仍在失控地燃烧。
该农村服务局的达伦·马克斯告诉堪培拉广播公司:“不幸的是,我们计算出现阶段已经损
失了 栋房屋,特别是在维吉瓦路附近。”“在这个时间点,大火仍在继续,这意味着我们无法控
15
制它。”
目前还没有死亡报告,但昆士兰州警方表示,损失的财产数量预计还会上升。 周五早些时
候,一名农村服务局的消防队员因伤入院。
周五炎热和多风的天气重新回到该州的部分地区,当快速移动的大火靠近时,农村服务局敦
促昆士兰东部的船长公寓的居民寻求庇护。 一个农村服务局的紧急警告称,财产正受到威胁,并
且堪培拉广播公司报告称,已经损失了一栋房屋。
News Report Three
【听力原文】
Paris is planning to erect two glass walls near the base of the Eiffel Tower in an effort to keep the
monument secure and looking good in photographs.
The city has relied on protective metal fences positioned around the base of the tower since the
Euro 2016 soccer championship. The permanent glass walls are designed to replace the metal barriers
on the north and south sides of the monument.
83
· ·Jean-Francois Martins, the deputy mayor in charge of tourism, said, “the current metal fences are
‘disgraceful’.” “It is useful in terms of security, but it ruins the view of the monument,” he said in a
statement. Martins said the new glass walls will provide Parisians and tourists alike with unobstructed
views of the monument from Champ de Mars park and the Iena Bridge. Both are popular photo spots.
The city describes the Eiffel Tower as the most visited fee-paying monument in the world. Entry to
the forecourt of the tower will remain free, Martins said.
In January, Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo proposed a 15-year, 300 million euro upgrade to the Eiffel
Tower. The plan would include better elevators, stronger security, refurbished lights and an improved
visitor entrance.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. What did Jean-Francois Martins say about the metal fences around the Eiffel Tower?
[答案]
B)
6. What do we learn about the Eiffel Tower?
[答案]
C)
7. What is included in the plan of upgrading the Eiffel Tower?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
巴黎计划在埃菲尔铁塔的基座附近竖起两道玻璃墙,以保证铁塔的安全和在照片上看起来
美观。
自 年欧洲足球锦标赛以来,这座城市一直依赖于安置在铁塔底座周围的金属围栏。 设
2016
计永久的玻璃墙来取代铁塔南北两侧的金属屏障。
负责旅游业的副市长让 弗朗索瓦·马丁斯说:“目前的金属栅栏‘很不光彩’。”“这在安全方
-
面是有用的,但它破坏了铁塔的景观,”他在一份声明中表示。 马丁斯表示,新的玻璃墙将使巴黎
人和游客等能够从战神公园和伊纳桥上一览铁塔全貌。 这两个都是很受欢迎的拍照地点。
巴黎称埃菲尔铁塔是世界上游客最多的收费历史遗迹。 马丁斯说,进入塔的前院仍然是免
费的。
月,巴黎市长安妮·伊达尔戈提出了一项为期 年、耗资 亿欧元的埃菲尔铁塔升级计
1 15 3
划。 该计划将包括更好的电梯、更强的安全性、翻新的灯光和改进的游客入口。
Section B
Conversation One
【听力原文】
W: So Mark. What is your favorite hobby?
M: Probably sports.
W: Anything specific? Or just sports in general.
84
· ·M: Most sports. I like basketball, football, baseball, golf, tennis, so I guess most sports.
W: I like tennis. Did you play for your high school team?
M: Yeah. I played on the school team starting from my sophomore year. How about you?
W: I played my junior and senior year.
M: What other sports did you play?
W: I played volleyball. I would have to say volleyball is my favorite.
M: What position did you play?
W: I was the outside hitter.
M: That’s so cool. But I didn’t know you were athletic. It is so rare to see a woman athlete
around.
W: I don’t know if I would consider myself athletic, but I have fun playing volleyball.
M: I play on a co-ed volleyball team every Tuesdays. We’re always looking for more girls to play
on our team. Would you be interested?
W: Yeah. It sounds fun. Just call me anytime you need a player.
M: That’s great. Since we are on the topic of sports, what sport do you like to watch on
television?
W: I never got into watching sports on TV. So I really don’t know.
M: Not even the Super Bowl?
W: Only when the group of people I’m with is watching it. I just never had interest in TV that
much.
M: Well, I like following the Mariners. They’re pretty good.
W: I like to go and watch them play. It’s fun when you are actually there.
M: A bunch of us are going to watch them play this June. Do you want to join us?
W: Yeah. I’ll go. I like the new stadium. It’s pretty cool.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. What do we learn about the man?
[答案]
A)
9. What is the woman’s favorite sport?
[答案]
D)
10. Why does the man invite the woman to play volleyball on his team?
[答案]
C)
11. What will the woman do in June?
[答案]
A)
85
· ·【参考译文】
女:那么,马克。 你最喜欢的业余爱好是什么?
男:可能是运动。
女:有什么特别的吗? 或者只是一般的体育运动。
男:大多数体育运动。 我喜欢篮球、橄榄球、棒球、高尔夫球、网球,所以我认为是大多数
运动。
女:我喜欢网球。 你是高中球队的队员吗?
男:是的。 我从高二开始就在校队打网球。 你呢?
女:我在大三和大四打过。
男:你还玩过什么其他运动?
女:我打过排球。 我得说排球是我的最爱。
男:你打什么位置?
女:我是外线的击球手。
男:那太酷了。 但我不知道你过去是运动员。 身边很少见到女运动员。
女:我不知道我是否会认为自己是运动健将,但我喜欢打排球。
男:我每周二参加男女同校排球队。 我们一直在寻找更多的女孩儿加入我们的队伍打球。
你有兴趣吗?
女:是的。 听起来很有趣。 任何时候你需要球员就打电话给我。
男:太好了。 既然我们在谈论体育,你喜欢在电视上看什么体育节目?
女:我从不喜欢看电视上的体育节目。 所以我真的不知道。
男:连超级碗都不看?
女:只有和我在一起的那群人在看的时候我才看。 我对电视从来都不太感兴趣。
男:嗯,我喜欢追水手队。 他们非常棒。
女:我喜欢去现场看他们打球。 当你真的在现场的时候是很有趣的。
男:今年六月我们一群人要去看他们比赛。 你想加入我们吗?
女:是的。 我愿意去。 我喜欢新体育场。 它很酷。
Conversation Two
【听力原文】
W: Excuse me, sir. Do you have a minute? I am a working staff in this airport. I’d like to have
an interview with you on the future improvement of our facilities.
M: I’ve got plenty of time, so just shoot.
W: Wonderful. Are you here taking a flight or meeting someone?
M: I am here transferring from my previous flight to the next one which is due in 4 hours.
W: I see. How often do you travel by plane then?
M: Quite a lot. I guess about 30 times a year including both business trips and holiday trips.
86
· ·W: Oh. What is your suggestion on improving our facilities inside the airport then?
M: Well. I suggest something like a mini-gym should be built in the future. You know, many
people take long flights. They can easily get exhausted. A small gym which includes
massaging service will be lovely.
W: That is a good suggestion. Anything else you’d like to see in the airport?
M: Then I would further suggest even more green plants should be grown here which can relieve
the discomfort of our eyes.
W: I’ll write that down. How about the service on the plane? Anything you want to add to the
current service?
M: ErI would like to see more varieties of the food offered by the plane and if it is possible,
more fruits will be served. The seasonal ones will do.
W: How about the newspapers and magazines? Should we improve on that, too?
M: I think so far so good. But I do suggest more hot movies to be played there.
W: Thank you for your marvelous suggestions.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What is this conversation mainly about?
[答案]
B)
13. Why does the man suggest building a gym providing massaging service inside the airport?
[答案]
C)
14. What kind of fruits does the man advise the plane to offer?
[答案]
A)
15. What does the man think of the newspapers and magazines on the plane?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
女:打扰一下,先生。 您能等一下吗? 我是这个机场的工作人员。 我想就未来改善我们的机
场设施与您面谈一下。
男:我有足够的时间,所以直接开始吧。
女:太棒了。 您是来乘坐飞机的还是来见人的?
男:我是来这里转机的,从我的上一班飞机转到下一班飞机,下一班飞机将在 小时后到达。
4
女:我明白了。 那您多久坐一次飞机?
男:很多。 我想一年大概有 次,包括出差和假日旅行。
30
女:噢。 那么您对改善机场内部设施有什么建议呢?
男:好。 我建议将来应该建一个迷你健身房之类的东西。 你知道,很多人坐长途飞机。 他们
很容易疲惫。 包含按摩服务的小健身房会很不错。
87
· ·女:这是个好建议。 您还想在机场看到什么?
男:那么我进一步建议这里应该种植更多的绿色植物,这样可以缓解我们眼睛的不适。
女:我会把它写下来。 飞机上的服务怎么样? 有什么想添加到当前服务中的吗?
男:嗯……我想看到飞机上提供更多种类的食物,而且,如果有可能的话,还可以提供更多水
果。 应季的就可以了。
女:那报纸和杂志呢? 我们也应该改进吗?
男:我觉得到目前为止还不错。 但我确实建议在那里放更多热门电影。
女:谢谢您绝妙的建议。
Section C
Passage One
【听力原文】
Astronomers have found at least seven Earth-sized planets orbiting the same star 40 light-years
Nature
away, according to a study published Wednesday in the journal . The findings were also
announced at a news conference at NASA headquarters in Washington.
This discovery outside of our solar system is rare because the planets have the winning combination
of being similar in size to Earth and being all temperate, meaning they could have water on their surface
and potentially support life.
“This is the first time that so many planets of this kind are found around the same star,” said
Michael Gillon, lead study author and astronomer at the University of Liege in Belgium.
The seven exoplanets were all found in tight formation around an ultra-cool dwarf star called
TRAPPIST-1. Estimates of their mass also indicate that they are rocky planets, rather than being
gaseous like Jupiter. Three planets are in the habitable zone of the star, known as TRAPPIST-1e, f and
g, and may even have oceans on the surface.
The researchers believe that TRAPPIST-1f in particular is the best candidate for supporting
life. It’ s a bit cooler than Earth, but could be suitable with the right atmosphere and enough
greenhouse gases.
“I think we’ve made a crucial step towards finding if there is life out there,” said Amaury Triaud,
one of the study authors and an astronomer of the University of Cambridge. “I don’t think any time
before we had the right planets to discover and find out if there was life. Here, if life managed to thrive
and releases gases similar to what we have on Earth, we will know.”
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. Why is the discovery outside of our solar system rare?
[答案]
B)
17. What do estimates of the mass of the seven exoplanets indicate?
[答案]
A)
88
· ·18. Why do researchers think that TRAPPIST-1f is the most suitable for life?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
根据周三发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究,天文学家发现至少有 颗地球大小的行星围绕
7
着 光年外的同一颗恒星运行。 这些发现也在位于华盛顿的美国国家航空航天局总部的新闻
40
发布会上公布。
太阳系外的这一发现非常罕见,因为这些行星的大小与地球相似,而且气候都很温和,这意
味着它们表面可能有水,有可能支持生命的存在。
该研究的主要作者兼比利时列日大学的天文学家迈克尔·吉伦说:“这是第一次在同一颗恒
星周围发现这么多此类行星。”
这 颗系外行星都是在超冷矮星 周围紧密形成的。 对它们质量的估算也表明
7 TRAPPIST-1
它们是岩石行星,而不是像木星那样的气体行星。 有三颗行星位于该恒星的宜居带,被称为
、 和 ,它们表面甚至可能有海洋。
TRAPPIST-1e f g
研究人员认为,尤其 是支持生命存在的最佳候选者。 它的温度比地球略低,但
TRAPPIST-1f
可能适合合适的大气和足够的温室气体。
该研究的作者之一兼剑桥大学的天文学家阿莫里·特里奥说:“我认为,我们已经在发现太
阳系外是否存在生命方面迈出了关键的一步。”“我认为在我们找到合适的行星并发现是否存在
生命之前,从来没有过这样的时刻。 在这里,如果生命能够茁壮成长并释放出与地球上类似的气
体,我们将会知道。”
Passage Two
【听力原文】
Robots should be taxed at the same level as the people they replace, to help fund better social
services and education, according to Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates.
Governments rather than businesses need to take the lead on managing the robotics revolution and
ensuring there’s a plan to deal with the unemployed workers it creates over the next 20 years, Gates
told Quartz.
＄
“Right now, if a human worker does 50,000 worth of work in a factory, that income is taxed. If
a robot comes in to do the same thing, you’d think we’d tax the robot at a similar level,” he said.
Automation probably won’t lead to massive unemployment, but governments will still need to
prepare for major changes, according to a new study. Also, with fewer people working, governments
will have less income tax to spend at a time when it may need more money rather than less.
Gates argues that governments should raise taxes on robots to slow down adoption and provide the
time needed to devise programs that create a net benefit from this excess labor.
“You cross the threshold of job-replacement of certain activities—warehouse work, driving, room
cleanup. Certainly, in the next 20 years, being thoughtful about that extra supply is a net benefit. It’s
important to have the policies to go with that,” Gates said.
89
· ·Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. What does Bill Gates say about robots?
[答案]
C)
20. What will happen to governments with the adoption of automation according to a new study?
[答案]
C)
21. What kind of workers will probably be substituted by robots in the future according to Gates?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
根据微软联合创始人比尔·盖茨,应该对机器人征收与它们取代的人同样的税,以资助更好
的社会服务和教育。
盖茨告诉 网站,政府而不是企业需要带头管理机器人革命,并确保制定计划解决未来
Quartz
年机器人革命带来的失业工人问题。
20
“现在,如果一名人类工人在工厂做了价值 万美元的工作,那么这笔收入就要交税。 如果
5
一个机器人来做同样的事情,你会认为我们会对机器人征收相同水平的税,”他说。
根据一项新的研究,自动化可能不会导致大规模失业,但政府仍需要为重大变革做好准备。
此外,随着工作人口的减少,政府在需要更多而不是更少钱的时候,可以支出的所得税也会减少。
盖茨认为,政府应该提高对机器人的税收,以减缓采用机器人的速度,并提供所需的时间来
设计程序,从这些过剩的劳动力中创造净收益。
“你越过了某些活动中可替代工作的门槛———仓库工作、开车、打扫房间。 当然,在未来
20
年里,考虑到额外的供应是一种净收益。 重要的是要有相应的政策,”盖茨说。
Passage Three
【听力原文】
Is there any worse feeling than waking up late?
Whether it’s your mom screaming for you to wake up or your iPhone buzzing with messages from
work, there’s no worse way to experience the light of day than with a swelling pit at the bottom of your
stomach that drops at the moment of consciousness.
The worst part is you can’t justify your actions. You want to tell your mom why you’re so tired—
because you stayed up till 2 a.m., reading the most fascinating book.
The same will happen with your boss. You can’t explain that you were late for the third time this
month because you were researching the life of an earthworm. People don’ t want to hear your
“excuses”. They want you to get yourself together.
To you, there’s nothing to wake up for but so much to stay awake through. That’s when your
ideas happen, your bursts of energy explode and your moments of peace come over you: when there are
no distractions, no plans and no obstacles in your way but the expanding horizon of light.
The Huffington Post
That’s also why you’re smarter. According to research published in , those
who deviate from the normal sleep schedule are considered more intelligent. This finding is supported by
research suggesting that those who create new evolutionary patterns are the most progressive.
90
· ·It makes sense. After all, those who are the first to change are always the most progressive and
intelligent in a society. And according to researchers at the University of Madrid, after analyzing the
sleeping patterns of 1,000 students, they found that those who went to bed later scored higher on
inductive reasoning tests—a test normally associated with general intelligence.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. What is this passage mainly talking about?
[答案]
A)
23. What is the worst part of waking up late?
[答案]
B)
24. Why do some people prefer to stay up late?
[答案]
B)
25. On which aspect do the people who go to bed late score higher?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
还有比晚起更糟糕的感觉吗?
无论是你的妈妈在叫你起床,还是你的 在嗡嗡作响的工作信息,没有什么比在你意识
iPhone
清醒的那一刻,你的胃底部有一个肿胀的坑更糟糕的体验了。
最糟糕的是你无法为自己的行为辩护。 你想告诉你妈妈你为什么这么累———因为你熬夜到
凌晨 点,读着一本最迷人的书。
2
同样的事情也会发生在你的老板身上。 你无法解释你这个月第三次迟到是因为你在研究蚯
蚓的生活。 人们不想听你的“借口”。 他们希望你振作起来。
对你来说,除了保持清醒之外,没有什么是需要醒来的。 那是你的想法发生的时候,你的能
量爆发的时候,你的平静时刻笼罩着你:没有干扰,没有计划,没有障碍,只有不断扩大的光明
视野。
这也是为什么你更聪明。 根据发表在《赫芬顿邮报》上的研究,那些偏离正常睡眠时间表的
人被认为更聪明。 这项发现得到了研究的支持,研究表明那些创造新的进化模式的人是最进
步的。
这很有道理。 毕竟,最先改变的人总是社会中最进步和最聪明的人。 马德里大学的研究人
员在分析了 , 名学生的睡眠模式后发现,那些晚睡的学生在归纳推理测试中得分更高,这是
1 000
一项通常与一般智力有关的测试。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
密码很让人头疼。 这些密码要么很容易破解,要么很难记住,而且当漏洞出现时,你就必须
想出一个全新的密码。 因此,人们正试图完全废除密码,到目前为止,指纹扫描仪在这方面做得
很好。
91
· ·然而,仅凭指纹是不够的。 网络安全已变得越来越重要,迫使服务供应商提出更好的措施,
比如双因素认证来保护用户信息。 各大公司正在转向我们身体的其他部位,以寻找能够满足这
项任务的生物识别补充物,而我们的脸和眼睛位居榜首。 尽管基于面部和眼睛的识别目前看来
还只是噱头,但它们可能很快就会像指纹扫描仪一样普遍流行。 这种配对可以彻底根除密码和
笨拙的短信双因素验证,使其成为一个完全的生物识别过程。
指纹扫描的普及、流行和方便意味着它将继续存在,人脸和眼睛识别绝不是为了取代它。 乔
杜里认为这种新方法是对指纹的补充,相对于输入发送到手机的文本代码,它提供了更方便的第
二因素认证。 虽然我们现在拥有的技术可能不够快速或安全,不足以真正方便和有用,但我们正
在接近。 以采用指纹扫描仪为模型,乔杜里估计,虹膜扫描仪和人脸检测的普及大约还需要 年
5
时间。 在那之前,我们将不得不经常更改我们糟糕的密码,并希望我们不会忘记它们。
【答案精析】
名词 补充物 衬托物 对某事物的 概念 设想
:A) complements , ; B) conceptions ( ) , ; J) model
模型 模范 验证 确认
, ; N) verification ,
动词 破解 难题 密码 保护 辩护 确定 确认
:C) crack ( 、 ); D) defend , ; F) identify , ; I) interfere
干涉 妨碍 发生 发现 取代 代替
, ; K) occur , ; L) replace ,
形容词 足够的 充足的 不合适的 不恰当的 普
:E) enough , ; G) inappropriate , ; O) widespread
遍的 广泛的
,
副词 日益增加地 越来越多地 传统上 习惯上
:H) increasingly , ; M) traditionally ,
[答案]
26. C) crack
【精析】 通过分析句子结构可知 连接并列结构 后面是
,eitheror ,or hard to
后面也应该是相同的结构 即 adj 空格前面已有 因此
remember, either , “ .+ to do”, easy to,
空格处需要填入动词原形 前一句提到 密码是一件让人头痛的事 本句继续指出
。 “ ”。
这些密码要么很容易 要么很难记住 由此可知 此处应选择能与密码搭配
“ , ”, ,
的动词 并且和 很难记住 一样表示弊端 备选动词中只有 破解 难题 密
, “ ” , C) crack“ ( 、
码 符合语境 故为答案
)” , 。
[答案]
27. K) occur
【精析】 此空格位于 引导的时间状语从句中 空格前为从句的主语 空格
when , breaches,
后是主句 并且主句的时态是一般现在时 因此空格处应填入动词原形作从句的谓语
, , 。
本句提到 当漏洞 时 你就不得不想出一个全新的密码 由此可知 原来的密
“ , ”, ,
码是无效了 也就是说被破解了 故此处应选择与 发生 意义相近的动词 故
, , “ ” , K) occur
发生 发现 为答案
“ , ” 。
[答案]
28. E) enough
【精析】 空格在系动词 之后 因此空格处需要填入形容词作表语 上文提到 人们
are , 。 “
正努力彻底摆脱密码 到目前为止 指纹识别器在这方面做得非常好 本句接着指出
, , ”,
只有指纹还不 由句首的 然而 可推测 本句和上文之间是转折关系
“ ”, Still“ ” , ,
并且空格后一句中提到还需要提供更好的措施 故 足够的 充足的 为答案
, E) enough“ , ” 。
92
· ·[答案]
29. H) increasingly
【精析】 空格前面有系动词 后面有形容词 因此空格处需要填入副
become, important,
词 本句提到 网络安全已变得 重要 这迫使服务供应商想出更好的措施来维
。 “ ,
护用户信息 比如双因素认证 根据句意可知 空格处需要填入一个表示肯定的副词
, ”。 , ,
修饰 而 传统上 习惯上 与句意不符 故 日益
important, M) traditionally“ , ” , H) increasingly“
增加地 越来越多地 为答案
, ” 。
[答案]
30. D) defend
【精析】 空格前面有名词短语 和不定式的 后面是名词短语
two-factor authentication to,
因此空格处需要填入动词原形 构成不定式短语 作目的状语 本句提
user information, , , 。
到 网络安全的重要性迫使服务供应商需要提供比指纹更好的措施 比如双因素认证来
“ ,
用户信息 由此可知 密码 指纹识别和双因素认证这些措施都是为了保护网
”, , 、
络安全 空格处应选择与 网络安全 意义相近的动词 故 保护 辩护 为
, “ ” , D) defend“ , ”
答案
。
[答案]
31. A) complements
【精析】 空格前有动词 和形容词 后面是一个定语从句 因此空格处应填
find biometric, ,
入名词 作 的宾语 通过分析句子结构可知 空格后面定语从句的谓语 表明 主
, find , , are ,
语 所指代的先行词应该表示复数的概念 所以空格处需要填入名词的复数形式 本
that , 。
句提到 各大公司转向我们身体的其他部位 以寻找能够满足这项任务的生物识
“ ,
别 而我们的面部和眼睛位居榜首 上文提到 仅有指纹识别并不够 网络安
, ”。 “ ,
全还需要服务供应商提供比指纹更好的措施 由此可知 面部和眼睛等身体其他部位
”, ,
是用来补充指纹这一现有的生物识别手段 故 补充物 衬托物 为答案
, A) complements“ , ” 。
[答案]
32. N) verification
【精析】 通过分析句子结构可知 连接并列结构 前面是名词 由此可
,and ,and passwords,
知 后面也应该是名词 而空格前有 作修饰语 因此空
,and , clunky text-message two-factor ,
格处应填入名词 本句提到 这种配对会同时消除密码和笨拙的短信双因素
。 “ ,
使其成为一个完全的生物识别过程 此处的 这种配对 是指代上一句中提到的
”。 “ ” facial
人脸识别 人眼识别以及密码都是认证方法 结合本段第二句
and eye-based recognition, 、 ,
中的 双因素认证 可以推出 此处应选择与 认证 意义相近的
two-factor authentication“ ” , “ ”
名词 故 验证 确认 为答案
, N) verification“ , ” 。
[答案]
33. L) replace
【精析】 空格前面是 结构 后面有代词 因此空格处需要填入动词原形
are meant to , it, 。
本句提到 指纹识别器的普及 盛行和便捷意味着它会继续流行 并且人们绝不会打算
“ 、 ,
用人脸识别和人眼识别 它 由第二个 可知 其前后两个分句之间是顺承或
”, and ,
递进关系 因此第二个分句的意思和第一个分句一致 都表明指纹识别会继续流行 而第
, , ,
二个分句句首的 意为 绝不 所以此处应选择与 流行 意义相反的动词
by no means “ ”, “ ” ,
故 取代 代替 为答案
L) replace“ , ” 。
93
· ·[答案]
34. J) model
【精析】 空格前有不定冠词 作修饰语 因此空格处应填入可数名词的单数形式 本
a , 。
句提到 以指纹识别器的使用为 乔杜里对虹膜识别和人脸识别做出推测
“ , ”。
由此可知 指纹识别器是乔杜里的推测依据 所以此处应选择与 依据 意义相近的名
, , “ ”
词 故 模型 模范 为答案
, J) model“ , ” 。
[答案]
35. O) widespread
【精析】 空格在系动词 之后 因此空格处需要填入形容词 作表语 上文提到
becoming , , 。
乔杜里把人脸识别和人眼识别这种新方法视为对指纹识别的补充 虽然我们目前拥有
“ ,
的这种技术可能速度或安全性还不足以实现真正的便捷和实用 但我们越来越接近这一
,
目标了 本句继续指出 乔杜里预计 大约还要五年的时间 虹膜识别和人脸识别才
”, “ , ,
会 并且接下来的一句提到在之前我们仍需使用指纹 所以此处应选择与 普
”, , “
及 意义相近的形容词 故 普遍的 广泛的 为答案
” , O) widespread“ , ” 。
Section B
【参考译文】
工作时小睡一会儿。 不用向任何人道歉
) 在过去的两个星期里,我在工作时小睡了三次,总共睡了一个小时左右。 我对这样做并
A
不感到羞耻或不确定。 我感觉再好不过了,还有我的工作效率也反映了这一点。
) 工作时睡觉是工作场所的禁忌之一———就像离开办公桌去吃午饭或下午散步一样———
B
我们被教导要看不起这些禁忌。 如果有人在下午 点打盹儿,而我们其他人却在忙着写备忘录
2
和回复邮件,那肯定意味着他们在偷懒。 或者假设是这样的。
) 休息和充电可以让位于对工作效率的感知和表象。 比起立即回复每封电子邮件,保持在
C
仓鼠式的活动轮盘上更容易衡量较长时期内的总生产率。 但是,越来越多的职业和心理学研究
领域正在证明,休息可以提高工作效率。
) 德勤咨询公司的负责人兼创始人乔希·贝尔辛表示:“由于员工压力过大,且无法从工作
D
日中恢复过来,公司正遭受着巨大的生产力问题。”“他们开始意识到这是他们的问题,他们不能
只是对人们说,‘这是一个平衡工作与生活的课程,去自学如何管理你的收件箱吧,’”贝尔辛说。
“实际情况要复杂得多。”
) 专家说,可以肯定的是,在工作时小睡的人还远没有普及。 在我们当中很少有人能享受
E
到半小时的休息时间。 但是午餐时间和喝咖啡的休息时间是躲避的好时机,你的效率和警觉性
的提高将成为你向老板提出质疑的所有证据。
) 在一个理想的世界里,我们都可以通过早点儿拔掉插头,好好睡一觉来解决这个问题。
F
下面是我们的指导,教你如何做到这一点。 但其次,最好的办法是在你午饭后拖沓着偷溜出去小
睡一会儿。
) 发表在《自然神经科学》上的一项研究中,研究人员在一天中对受试者的感知表现进行了
G
四次测试。 每次测试的表现都有所下降,但在两次测试之间小睡 分钟的受试者阻止了表现的
30
下降,而小睡 分钟的受试者甚至逆转了这种下降。
60
94
· ·) “如果小睡的质量好,那么小睡的好处和整晚的睡眠一样大,”该研究的合著者兼加州大
H
学河滨分校心理学副教授萨拉·梅德尼克说。
) 梅德尼克博士,一位睡眠研究人员,也是《小睡一下! 改变你的生活》一书的作者,说白天
I
小睡有很多夜间睡眠的好处,不同类型的小睡有不同的好处。
) 例如,梅德尼克博士说, 到 分钟的小睡可能有助于记忆和学习特定的信息。 这段时
J 20 60
间刚好够进入第二阶段睡眠,也就是非快速眼动睡眠。
) “ 分钟后,你开始进入快速眼动睡眠,这种睡眠通常与我们晚上都喜欢的深度做梦状态
K 60
有关。 快速眼动睡眠可以提高创造力、感知处理和高度联想思维,后者能让你在不同的想法之间
建立联系,”梅德尼克博士说。 “除此之外,你最好的选择是 分钟的午睡,这将给你一个完整的
90
睡眠周期。”
) 然而,专家说,任何午睡都可以帮助提高警觉性和感知能力,并打破白天悄悄降临的
L
迷雾。
) 那么,我们是如何走到才能与长时间、集中精力的工作密不可分这一步的呢? 这要归咎
M
于科技,但要想得比智能手机和笔记本电脑更广泛;真正的问题是,科技让我们可以随时待命。
) “我们经历了一段时期,人们不愿承认,商业领袖们也忽视了这一点,”贝乐辛说。 “他们
N
认为,如果我们给人们更多的工具、更多的电子邮件、更多的空闲时间、更多的聊天,我们就会认
为他们能想出如何处理这一切。 我认为他们已经意识到这是一个大问题,它正在影响生产力、参
与度、健康、安全、健康和各种各样的事情。”
) 不仅仅是上班族可以从午睡中受益。 年发表在《当代生物学》上的一项研究调查了
O 2015
坦桑尼亚、纳米比亚和玻利维亚三个狩猎采集前工业化社会的睡眠习惯。
) “他们早上很活跃,然后在树荫下休息一会儿,但通常不会打盹儿,”精神病学和生物行为
P
科学教授兼加州大学洛杉矶分校睡眠研究中心主任杰罗姆·西格尔说,他也是这项研究的合著
者之一。 “然后他们做一些工作,然后睡觉,并且一觉睡到天亮。”
) 不过,西格尔说,“解决白天困倦和疲劳的唯一真正方法是从前一天晚上睡个好觉开始。”
Q
真正的“圣杯”是有规律的睡眠时间表,每晚理想的睡眠时间是七到八个小时,专家说这是最
佳的。
) “白天小睡肯定能提高警觉性,”西格尔说。 “但这并不像去加油站加满油那么简单。”他
R
还建议避免在白天晚些时候摄入咖啡因,即使你不能每晚在同一时间睡觉,每天早上在同一时间
醒来。 这有助于你的身体适应规律的起床时间,不管你前一天晚上睡了多少觉。
) 所以,如果你已经做到了这一点,并且你有兴趣尝试一下工作日的小睡(或者只是开始打
S
盹儿),这里有一个完美小睡的快速指南:找一个安静的、没有人打扰你的未占用的地方。 试着让
你所在的区域尽可能昏暗(或者买一个可以放在办公室里的睡眠面罩)。 耳塞或许也有帮助。 目
标是 分钟左右。 超过这个时间,你可能会因为睡眠惯性而醒来,这会让你比之前更昏昏沉沉。
20
95
· ·【答案精析】
[答案]
36. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第
“Participants’ perceptual performance became better” G
二句 相匹配
“subjectseven reversed it.” 。
[答案]
37. Q)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材
“sleeping soundlytackle their weariness during the day.” Q
料第一句 相匹配
“solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue” 。
[答案]
38. M)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“talentaccessible 24/7.” M “aptitudeavailable at all
相匹配
times.” 。
[答案]
39. B)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料前两句
“lazinessheld in contempt” B “look down
相匹配
onslacking off.” 。
[答案]
40. J)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“improve memory and learning ability” J “help
相匹配
with memorization and learning specific bits of information.” 。
[答案]
41. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“defended themselvesinvestigated their whereabouts.” E
最后一句 相匹配
“make your case to inquiring bosses.” 。
[答案]
42. S)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place” S
段材料 相匹配
“here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap” 。
[答案]
43. N)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后
“negative effects on every aspect of people’s life.” N
一句 相匹配
“affecting productivity, engagement, health, safety, wellness” 。
[答案]
44. K)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一
“The optimal length of a napan hour and a half” K
句 相匹配
“best bet90-minutefull sleep cycle.” 。
[答案]
45. D)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“more that just employees’ efforts.” D “‘It’s a
相匹配
way more complicated than that.’” 。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
每个办公室工作人员都讨厌会议。 但这是一种奇怪的仇恨,类似于伦敦人对北线的仇恨,或
96
· ·纽约人对于走路太慢的游客的仇恨:不喜欢是真的,但是如果被鄙视的东西消失了,那就会像是
失去了一部分灵魂一样。
当研究人员调查为什么人们会忍受会议给他们的时间和理性造成的压力时,他们发现了一
些令人惊讶的事情———那些最为怨恨和恐惧会议的人也是捍卫他们认为是“必要的邪恶”的会议
的人,他们有时会带着激情捍卫会议。 诚然,研究表明,与过去相比,现在的会议占据更多普通管
理者的时间。 当然,搞不好的话,会议还会造成创新水平和员工福祉的降低。 但这就是办公室生
活,对吧? 它本就是无趣的。 这就是为什么称它为工作。
这种态度源于一个假设,这个假设不仅灌输给上班族,也灌输给孩子、父母以及爱人,即更多
的沟通永远是一件好事。 因此,有大量关于如何在会议中更好沟通的建议———例如,让发言者站
起来,那么他们会更快的说到重点。 但是,即使有些公司要完全废除会议,沟通越多越好这一原
则也不会受到质疑。 更可能的是,当这些公司引入“扁平式”管理结构时,这一原则还会得到加
强,每个人都可以随时找到老板,此外,众多电子设备也让员工分心。 事实上,随时保持联系对工
作满意度和盈亏底线来说都是灾难性的。
无论如何,一旦你思考三秒钟,难道你不清楚更多的频繁沟通并不是一件好事吗? 通常情况
下,成功的婚姻和平庸的婚姻之间的区别在于前者每天留下大约三到四件事情不说。 在工作中,
肯定会有超过四件事情不说,但却是出于另一个原因:办公室沟通恰恰是以牺牲对好好工作至关
重要的那种专注为代价的。 然而,我们习惯于将谈话作为解决方案的来源———用于解决冲突或
寻找新的想法———因此当其本身就是问题时则很难被人察觉。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第一段
meetings 。
【精析】 推理判断题 作者首先指出 每个办公室工作人员都讨厌会议 这一现象 接
。 “ ” ,
着第二句对该现象进行具体阐述 指出上班族的矛盾心态 不喜欢是真的 但是如果被鄙
, : ,
视的东西消失了 那就会像是失去了一部分灵魂一样 由此推断 虽然不喜欢开会 但上
, 。 , ,
班族也并不愿意彻底取消会议 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第二段第一句
people’s attitude towards meetings 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 那些最为怨恨和恐惧会议的人也是捍卫会议的人
。 , ,
他们有时会带着激情捍卫会议 认为会议是 必要的邪恶 由此推断 人们对会议的态
, “ ”。 ,
度与表现相互矛盾 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
48. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第三段第一句
more communication is always a good thing 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句提到 这种态度源自一个假设 这个假设灌输给了不同的
。 , ,
人 即更多的沟通永远是一件好事 中的 与定位句中的
, 。 C) has been instilled into is
属于同义替换 均意为 被灌输给 故答案为
drummed into , “ ”, C)。
97
· ·[答案]
49. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第三段第四句
“flat” management structure 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句提到 当这些公司引入 扁平式 管理结构时 沟通越多越
。 , “ ” ,
好这一原则还会得到加强 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
50. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到末段第三句
office communication 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 办公室沟通恰恰是以牺牲对好好工作至关重要的
。 ,
那种专注为代价的 由此推断 办公室沟通会影响工作效率 故答案为
。 , , B)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
互联网使得信息以闪电般的速度进行传播。 信息革命为在线出版商创造了巨大的商机,但
并不是所有出版商都保留了适当的质量把控机制,以确保只有好的信息被分享。 相反,许多出版
商的目的只是以任何可能的方式赚钱,而不考虑对整个社会可能造成的后果。
当自私的出版商开设网店时,主要目标是尽可能多地出版,这通常是以牺牲质量为代价。 在
这方面,许多出版商开办了大量专注于重叠全科的在线期刊,以增加他们发表的论文总数———并
聘用那些在科学或出版方面没有任何经验的年轻业务经理。 在某些情况下,网络出版商甚至放
弃同行评议,同时仍将自己的在线期刊当作科学期刊———这是一个利用那些只想分享研究的科
学家的骗局。
如果出版商精心安排业务以赚取更多收入,那么往往会对他们的产品造成损害。 当出版商
创刊时从重叠领域入手,加上发表更多研究成果的压力,这可能促使发表边缘化甚至令人质疑的
文章。 此外,具有多个重叠领域的期刊以及具有非常窄的专业领域的期刊,其出版商提高了对愿
意审稿者时间和精力投入的要求。 由于审稿人所投入的时间和精力一般得不到补偿,所以期刊
编辑通常无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率。
要改善形势,增加人们对科学界的信任,必须降低出版压力。 资金和推广决定不应取决于出
版物的数量,而应以出版物的质量和研究人员的长期生产力及指导为基础。
这只是开始。 我们需要其他机制,例如比尔的“掠夺性”出版商名单,以提醒科学家假期刊和
假文章。 另外,必须控制在线出版的价格,并建立一个机制,以尊重和奖励努力工作的审稿人。
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第一段第三句
online publishers 。
【精析】 事实细节题 由定位句可知 许多出版商的目的只是以任何可能的方式赚钱
。 , ,
而不考虑对整个社会可能造成的后果 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
52. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 及各选项内容定位到第二段末句
the second paragraph 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 网络出版商甚至放弃同行评议 同时仍将自己的在
。 , ,
线期刊当作科学期刊 由此推断 通常情况下 同行评议是区分科学期刊与普通期刊的
。 , ,
标准之一 故答案为
, A)。
98
· ·[答案]
53. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第三段最后一句
enough reviewers 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句提到 由于审稿人所投入的时间和精力一般得不到补偿
。 , ,
所以期刊编辑通常无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
54. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到末段最后一句
online publication 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 必须控制在线出版的价格 并建立一个机制 以尊
。 , , ,
重和奖励努力工作的审稿人 由此推断 那些辛苦付出的审稿人值得奖励 故答案
。 , ,
为
B)。
[答案]
55. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位至全文
the main idea of this passage 。
【精析】 主旨大意题 作者开篇通过信息快速传播引出在线出版商的问题 不是所有
。 :
出版商都保留了适当的质量把控机制 首段末句指出 许多出版商的目的只是以任何可
。 ,
能的方式赚钱 而不考虑对整个社会可能造成的后果 第二段指出 出版商以牺牲质量为
, ; ,
代价尽可能地出版更多的文章 第三段具体说明这种做法带来的损害 最后两段针对如
; ;
何改变现状给出建议 纵观全篇 可以看出文章主旨是谈论在线出版商为了赚钱 不顾质
; , ,
量 大量发表科研论文 故答案为
, , D)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
The twelve Chinese Zodiacs play an important role in the traditional Chinese culture. According to
the twelve Chinese Zodiacs, each year is associated with one of twelve animals. You’ve probably heard
that Chinese people regard the twelve animals as the foundation of the zodiac system. In the West, the
twelve creatures of the Chinese Zodiacs have become increasingly familiar. The twelve symbolic animals
have their own characteristics, with each animal representing relevant beliefs, connotations and
traditional wisdom. Among the twelve animals, dragon is the only mythological beast, and to be born in
the Year of Dragon is regarded as propitious.
大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷(三)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
B D C A A C B C B A D A D C C
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
D D A C B D B C D B E O M K H
99
· ·题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
J F I B D F P L J H A N E I B
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C D D A B D C A A B
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
Free Health Care
Health care has long been a major concern to the government and the public. When it comes to
medical charges, some people think free health care can greatly improve their quality of life. Others
argue that covering the medical cost will impose a heavy burden on the government. As far as I’m
concerned, people have the right to enjoy free health care.
Many remarkable reasons contribute to my view. For one thing, citizens have fulfilled their
obligations to pay taxes. In the meantime, they should be entitled to free public services, like health
care. For another, there are still a great number of people who live under the poverty line but need
urgent medical care. Therefore, free medical policy can extend the coverage of medical care to more
people and reduce the number of people who risk financial ruin because of medical cost.
In summary, each individual should have access to free medical care, which is one of the basic
social welfare. And a greater role government to play in health care should be advocated.
【参考译文】
免费医疗
长期以来,医疗保健一直是政府和公众关注的一个重要问题。 说到医疗费用,有些人认为免
费医疗可以大大提高他们的生活质量。 其他人则认为,支付医疗费用将给政府带来沉重的负担。
就我而言,人们有权享受免费医疗。
许多显著的原因促成了我的观点。 一方面,公民已经履行了纳税义务。 与此同时,他们应该
有权享受免费的公共服务,比如医疗保健。 另一方面,仍有许多人生活在贫困线以下,但需要紧
急医疗护理。 因此,免费医疗政策可以将医疗保健的覆盖范围扩大到更多的人,并减少因医疗费
用而面临经济破产风险的人数。
总之,每个人都应该享有免费医疗,这是基本的社会福利之一。 应该提倡政府在医疗保健方
面发挥更大的作用。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
News Report One
【听力原文】
A 16-year-old boy was arrested after the car he was driving ploughed into the wall of a house,
100
· ·seriously injuring two teenage girls as they walked along the road with friends. The teenager was
confined after the vehicle, believed to have been stolen, veered onto the pavement in Longsight,
Manchester. A group of four girls were walking along Elsdon Road when the car crashed into three of
them. The vehicle then drove over a garden bush and smashed into the wall of a house. Two girls, both
aged 16, were seriously injured in the crash and a third was left with bruising.
The two seriously injured teenagers were taken to the Manchester Royal Infirmary, with one
suffering a broken arm and the other a fractured hip. Police were called to the scene and a 16-year-old
boy was arrested on suspicion of theft of a motor vehicle and driving above the legal limit of a controlled
drug. Shocked eyewitnesses reported hearing a “loud bang” and came rushing out of their houses and
saw the aftermath of the smash.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. How many people were injured in the car accident?
[答案]
B)
2. What can we learn about the boy?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
一名 岁的男孩儿被逮捕,因为他驾驶的汽车撞上了一所房子的墙壁,导致两名十几岁的
16
女孩儿严重受伤,当时她们正在和朋友一起走在路上。 这辆据信是偷来的车在曼彻斯特朗塞特
的人行道上转向后,这名少年被控制住了。 当时,四名女孩儿正在埃尔斯登路上行走,突然汽车
撞上了其中的三人。 随后,这辆车驶过花园灌木丛,撞到了一所房子的墙壁上。 两名 岁的女
16
孩儿 在车祸中严重受伤,还有一名女孩儿身上有淤青。
两名严重受伤的青少年被送往曼彻斯特皇家医院,其中一人手臂骨折,另一人髋部骨折。 警
方被叫到现场,逮捕了一名 岁的少年,他涉嫌盗窃机动车和服用超过法定限量的管制药物驾
16
驶。 震惊的目击者报告说,听到一声“巨 响”,他们从房子里冲出来,看到了撞击的后果。
News Report Two
【听力原文】
A handheld device can identify cancerous tissue in 10 seconds, according to scientists at the
University of Texas.
They say it could make surgery to remove a tumour quicker, safer and more precise. Tests suggest
the technology is accurate96% of the time. The MasSpec Pen takes advantage of the unique metabolism
of cancer cells. Their furious drive to grow and spread means their internal chemistry is very different to
that of healthy tissue.
The challenge for surgeons is finding the border between the cancer and normal tissue. In some
tumours it is obvious, but in others the boundary between healthy and diseased tissue can be
blurred. The pen should help doctors ensure none of the cancer is left behind. Remove too little tissue,
and any remaining cancerous cells will grow into another tumour. But take too much, and you can cause
damage, particularly in organs such as the brain.
Livia Eberlin, an assistant professor of chemistry at the University of Texas, Austin, said:
101
· ·“What’s exciting about this technology is how clearly it meets a clinical need. The tool is elegant and
simple and can be in the hands of surgeons in a short time.”
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. What is this news report mainly about?
[答案]
C)
4. What challenge do surgeons face?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
德克萨斯大学的科学家称,一种手持设备可以在 秒内识别出癌变组织。
10
他们说,这可以使手术切除肿瘤更快、更安全、更精确。 测试表明,该技术的准确率为 。
96%
笔利用了癌细胞独特的新陈代谢。 它们对生长和扩散的强烈驱动意味着它们的内部化
MasSpec
学成分与健康组织非常不同。
外科医生面临的挑战是找到癌变组织和正常组织之间的界限。 在一些肿瘤中,界限明显的,
但在其他肿瘤中,健康组织和病变组织之间的界限可能是模糊的。 这种笔可以帮助医生确保没
有留下任何癌症组织。 切除的组织太少,剩下的癌细胞就会长成另一个肿瘤。 但如果切除太多,
就会造成损害,尤其是对大脑等器官。
德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的化学助理教授 说:“这项技术令人兴奋的地方在于
Livia Eberlin
它明显满足了临床需求。 该工具美观简单,外科医生可以在短时间内掌握用法。”
News Report Three
【听力原文】
For nearly 200 years, scientists have wondered about the Giant Red Spot on Jupiter. This week,
pictures of the planet show dark clouds moving around, and through, a large red oval centre. These are
the closest images humans have ever seen of the spot on the giant gas planet.
America’s space agency NASA sent the Juno spacecraft to Jupiter to gather scientific data on the
solar system’s biggest planet. On Monday Juno flew over the Giant Red Spot, which is a storm larger
than our planet Earth. First observed in 1830, scientists think it may be more than 350 years old. The
storm measures 16,350 kilometers wide and appears to be getting smaller.
Bolton said, “it will take time for the scientists to process the information Juno is sending back to
Earth. NASA hopes the information will also tell them what is underneath the storm.”
Juno was launched on August 5, 2011 from Cape Canaveral in Florida. The spacecraft will
continue flybys to get more information for scientists to learn about the planet.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. Why did NASA send the Juno spacecraft to Jupiter?
[答案]
A)
6. What does the speaker say about the storm on Jupiter?
[答案]
C)
7. What does NASA want to know from the information Juno is sending back?
[答案]
B)
102
· ·【参考译文】
近 年来,科学家们一直对木星上的巨大红斑感到好奇。 本周,这颗行星的照片显示,乌
200
云在一个巨大的红色椭圆形中心周围移动并穿过。 这是人类在这颗巨大的气体行星上看到的距
离最近的图像。
美国国家航空航天局( )向木星发射了朱诺号宇宙飞船,以收集有关太阳系最大行星的
NASA
科学数据。 周一,朱诺号飞越了巨型红斑,这是一场比地球还大的风暴。 科学家们在 年首
1830
次观测到它,认为它可能有 多年的历史。 风暴的宽度为 , 千米,而且看起来越来越小。
350 16 350
博尔顿说:“科学家们需要时间来处理朱诺号发回地球的信息。 希望这些信息也能告
NASA
诉他们风暴下面是什么。”
朱诺号于 年 月 日在佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角发射升空。 宇宙飞船将继续飞越木
2011 8 5
星,为科学家了解木星获取更多信息。
Section B
Conversation One
【听力原文】
M: Hi, Sarah! I’m Adley Boardman. We spoke on the phone.
W: Oh yes, I remember.
M: It says on your CV that you do voluntary work.
W: Well, when I have time, yes! I do work at a centre for children with difficulties.
M: That must be very interesting.
W: It’s rewarding and challenging.
M: Sarah, can you tell us a little bit about your current position?
W: I’m an assistant sales director for a chain of language schools.
M: So this post would be quite a change then.
W: I don’t think so honestly, because the skills are the same, despite the product.
M: Why are you thinking of moving on?
W: Well, I’ve come as far as I can in my current position, I feel, and I’m 28 now and would
love to take on some more responsibilities.
M: How would you deal with a rapidly changing and uncertain global market?
W: OK, that’s actually something I wanted to talk about in my presentationbut I’d like to stay
flexible and to diversify markets and sales strategies.
M: Ok, can you tell us about a time you closed a particularly challenging deal?
W: Well, the biggest contract I won was with a large university in India, to provide language
training. The contract was full of technicalities and the client was very picky! But I still pulled
it off.
M: OK. Do you have any questions for us?
W: Yes. It’s about your ethical policy and your carbon footprint. I was wondering whether you are
planning to reduce your carbon footprint and whether all your products are ethically sourced?
M: That’s a very good question, and that’s something we’re moving towards at the moment.
103
· ·Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. What does the woman say about her voluntary work?
[答案]
C)
9. What is different between the woman’s current job and the post she is applying for?
[答案]
B)
10. What should they do when facing an uncertain global market according to the woman?
[答案]
A)
11. What does the woman concern about this post?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
男:你好,莎拉! 我是艾德利·博德曼。 我们通了电话。
女:哦,是的,我记得。
男:简历上写着你做志愿工作。
女:好吧,当我有时间的时候,是的! 我确实在一家困难儿童中心工作。
男:那一定很有趣。
女:这是有回报的,也是有挑战性的。
男:莎拉,你能告诉我们一些你目前的职位吗?
女:我是一家连锁语言学校的助理销售总监。
男:因此,这个职位将是一个相当大的变化。
女:老实说,我不这么认为,因为尽管产品不同,但技能是一样的。
男:你为什么想继续提升?
女:嗯,我觉得我在目前的职位上已经尽了最大努力,我现在 岁了,我很想承担更多的
28
责任。
男:你会如何应对快速变化和不确定的全球市场?
女:好吧,这实际上是我想在陈述中谈论的……但我会保持灵活性,使市场和销售策略多
样化。
男:好的,你能告诉我们关于你完成了一笔特别有挑战性的交易的经历吗?
女:嗯,我赢得的最大的合同是与印度的一所大型大学签订的,提供语言培训。 合同中充满
了技术细节,客户非常挑剔! 但我还是成功了。
男:好的。 你有什么问题要问我们吗?
女:是的。 关于贵公司的道德政策和碳足迹。 我想知道贵公司是否计划减少碳足迹,以及贵
公司所有的产品来源是否合乎道德?
男:这是一个非常好的问题,也是我们目前正在努力解决的问题。
Conversation Two
【听力原文】
M: Hello, everyone. Today we have Linda Forbus from the Department of Transport, and she is
here to talk about a typically British way to travel.
W: Ah, yes. It’s on a bus—or, to be exact, on red double-decker bus. Double-decker buses are
104
· ·buses that have two levels—an upstairs and a downstairs. You see them in other countries too,
but for lots of people a red double-decker bus is a typical London sight.
M: Actually, if you think about a red London bus, you’re probably thinking about one special
kind of double-decker bus called the Routemaster. The one that’s open at the back.
W: That’s right. You get onto the bus at the back—there isn’t a door; it is open.
M: And you can just jump on or off the bus. A bit dangerous.
W: Yeah, a bit. But, in fact, we don’t really have that typical red double-decker Routemaster
bus any more.
M: Yeah, we do—I saw one this morning.
W: Well, we do still have them on one or two bus routes right in the centre of London but I think
that’s sort of a tourist thing, really. Buses nowadays are mostly new double-deckers. They’re
still red—or the very long single-decker buses—the ones we call bendy buses.
M: Oh, yeah, I don’t like those bendy buses.
W: But they’ re much easier to get on for people in wheelchairs, or mums with babies in
pushchairs or old people who can’t walk very well. That was one of the main reasons that they
stopped using the Routemaster buses.
M: Oh right, I didn’t know that.
W: So people like to see the old-fashioned Routemaster buses and tourists like to see them too, but
it’s probably better to travel on the new buses—they’re definitely more comfortable.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What are the speakers talking about?
[答案]
A)
13. What is special about the Routemaster?
[答案]
D)
14. What does the man think of the Routemaster?
[答案]
C)
15. Which was the main reason that bendy buses replaced the Routemaster?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
男:大家好。 今天我们请到了来自交通运输部的 ,她会在这里谈论一种典型的
Linda Forbus
英国旅行方式。
女:啊,是的。 乘坐公共汽车,或者确切地说,乘坐红色双层公共汽车。 双层巴士是指有两层
的巴士,上层和下层。 你在其他国家也能看到它们,但对很多人来说,红色双层巴士是典
型的伦敦景象。
男:事实上,如果你想到一辆红色的伦敦巴士,你可能会想到一种特殊的双层巴士,叫作
。 后面敞开着的那种。
Routemaster
女:没错。 你从后面上车———那里没有门;它是敞开的。
男:你可以直接跳上车或下车。 有点儿危险。
105
· ·女:是的,有点儿。 但是,事实上,我们已经没有那种典型的红色双层 巴士了。
Routemaster
男:不,我们有———我今天早上看到一辆。
女:嗯,我们在伦敦市中心的一两条公交线路上仍然有它们,但我认为它们实际上是观赏性
的。 现在的公共汽车大多是新的双层车。 它们仍然是红色的,或者是很长的单层巴士,
我们称之为弯曲巴士。
男:哦,是的,我不喜欢那些弯曲的公共汽车。
女:但对坐轮椅的人、带着婴儿车的妈妈或走路不太方便的老人来说,乘坐时要容易得多。
这是他们停止使用 总线的主要原因之一。
Routemaster
男:哦,对的,原来如此。
女:因此,人们喜欢看老式的 巴士,游客也喜欢看它们,但乘坐新巴士可能更
Routemaster
好———它们肯定更舒适。
Section C
Passage One
【听力原文】
When mammals first began to grow larger, some of them evolved into the earliest ancestors of
horses. The first horses evolved in North America. They were about the size of dogs. They had three
toes, lived in jungles and ate fruit. Around 20 million years ago, some horses evolved to live on the
grassland of central North America. These horses had one big toe and smaller side toes, and they had
long legs so they could run fast to escape from tigers and wolves. They were bigger, and they had their
eyes on the side of their heads, instead of in front. By about 17 million years ago, these plains horses
were eating grass instead of fruit.
Some North American plains horses used their long legs to run south to South America about 10
million years ago. About 5 million years ago, the North American plains horses evolved into modern
horses. Some of them ran across the Siberian land bridge to Central Asia, where they must have been
happy to find thousands of miles of grassland that they could live on. Some of these Asian horses slowly
spread south across Asia and Africa, evolving into donkeys. Others stayed on the Central Asian plains,
where they learned to eat apples and carrots.
Sometime around 10,000 BC, horses disappeared in both South America and North America.
Probably this was because humans hunted and killed them all. In Central Asia, however, horses
continued to thrive, and people tamed them about 4,000 BC.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What can we learn about the earliest ancestors of horses?
[答案]
D)
17. What are the characteristics of horses about 20 million years ago in central North America?
[答案]
D)
106
· ·18. What does the speaker say about some Asian horses?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
当哺乳动物的体型第一次开始变大时,其中一些进化成了马的最早祖先。 第一批马在北美
进化。 它们和狗差不多大。 它们有三个脚趾,住在丛林里,吃水果为生。 大约 , 万年前,一
2 000
些马进化到生活在北美中部的草原上。 这些马有一个大脚趾和较小的侧脚趾,它们的腿很长,所
以可以跑得很快,以躲避老虎和狼。 它们(的体型)更大,眼睛长在头的两侧,而不是前面。 大约
, 万年前,这些平原马开始吃草而不是水果。
1 700
大约 , 万年前,一些北美平原马用它们的长腿向南跑到了南美洲。 大约 万年前,北
1 000 500
美平原马进化成现代马。 它们中的一些穿过西伯利亚大陆桥来到中亚,在那里它们很高兴地发
现了数千英里的草原供它们生存。 其中一些亚洲马慢慢地穿过亚洲和非洲向南迁移,进化成驴。
其他的马则留在中亚平原,在那里它们学会了吃苹果和胡萝卜。
大约公元前 , 年左右,马在南美和北美都消失了。 这可能是因为人类将它们全部猎杀
10 000
了。 然而,在中亚,马继续蓬勃发展,人们在公元前 , 年左右驯服了它们。
4 000
Passage Two
【听力原文】
College is an exciting word, but also a terrifying one. After months of endless applications,
emotional acceptances and rejections, and difficult decisions, you’re finally ready to pack your bags
and go. As your departure date draws closer, you’re probably suffering from some serious pre-college
anxiety. You’ll have to make new friends, adjust to new academic expectations and learn how to live
away from home.
When you’re nervous about something, the best way to feel better is to talk to someone who’s
been through it and survived. And no matter where you live, there are sure to be tons of college
students coming home for the summer.
Even if you don’t have close friends who are in college, there are still plenty of people you can
talk to. For example, friends of your older brothers or sisters, people who were in the school musical
society with you or played on the same sports team, etc. If you work a summer job, there are probably
college kids being around somewhere. Let’s see if you can start up a conversation with them while you’re
eating ice cream or on break.
These students are your most reliable resource for what college is really like, from schoolwork to
clubs to dining to parties. Remember, though, that every college is different, and that traditions and
customs at your friends’ schools won’t necessarily apply to your experience. Just because your friend’s
entire school participates in a naked midnight run doesn’t mean you’ll have to do the same!
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. What might one worry about before going to college?
[答案]
C)
107
· ·20. What can one do to reduce nervousness before going to college?
[答案]
B)
21. What does the speaker suggest in the end?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
大学是一个令人兴奋的词,但也是一个令人恐惧的词。 经过几个月无休止的申请,情绪化的
接受和拒绝,以及艰难的决定,你终于准备好收拾行李离开了。 随着你离开的日子越来越近,你
可能正遭受着某种严重的大学前焦虑症。 你必须结交新朋友,适应新的学术期望,学会如何远离
家乡生活。
当你对某件事感到紧张时,最好的方法就是和经历过并幸存下来的人谈谈。 不管你住在哪
里,肯定会有很多大学生回家过暑假。
即使你没有亲密的朋友在上大学,你仍然有很多人可以交谈。 例如,你哥哥或姐姐的朋友,
和你一起参加学校音乐协会的人,或者是同一个运动队的人,等等。 如果你做暑期工作,可能会
有大学生在附近。 让我们来看看你是否能在吃冰激凌或休息的时候和他们搭讪。
这些学生是你了解大学真实生活的最可靠的资源,从学校作业到俱乐部、餐饮及派对。 但要
记住,每所大学都是不同的,你朋友学校的传统和习俗并不一定适用于你的经历。 仅仅因为你朋
友的整个学校都参加了午夜裸奔,并不意味着你也要这样做!
Passage Three
【听力原文】
How many plastic carrier bags have you got in your house? The shopping bag is just one example of
the million things we use made from this useful material—plastic. But unfortunately, it’s not the easiest
thing to recycle and this is causing an environmental problem.
Some of our everyday plastic items blow away, causing damage to the natural environment and
harming wildlife. The problem is most acute in our oceans. A study described how remote islands act as
a sink for the world’s rubbish. They become collecting points for fishing items and everyday things that
we throw away.
Because of the durable nature of plastic, it stays there causing great damage to the ocean’s
ecology. Some other recent worldwide research estimates that 90% of all seabirds have swallowed
plastic. And worse still, this plastic is broken down into tiny particles over a long period by the wind
and the waves. Then sea creatures at the bottom of the food chain take in them. These creatures are
eaten by the fish that we eventually consume.
The solution to this problem would be to use less plastic. Several countries now charge for using
plastic carrier bags, which reduces the amount used. Some products now use natural and recyclable
materials. But it seems inevitable that plastic will continue to be necessary in many of the gadgets that
we demand.
So next time you pick up a carrier bag, or buy a plastic bottle of water, spare a thought for the
birds and animals on the islands. What do you do to help the environment?
108
· ·Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. What is the root cause of plastic items causing environmental problems?
[答案]
B)
23. What does the speaker say about the problem of plastic items in oceans?
[答案]
C)
24. How are the tiny plastic particles taken in by humans?
[答案]
D)
25. What can we learn about plastic from the passage?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
你家里有多少个塑料袋? 购物袋只是我们使用的由这种有用材料———塑料———制成的数百
万件物品中的一个例子。 但不幸的是,它不是最容易回收的东西,这造成了环境问题。
我们日常生活中的一些塑料物品被吹走,对自然环境造成破坏,对野生动物造成伤害。 这个
问题在我们的海洋中最为严重。 一项研究描述了偏远岛屿如何成为全世界垃圾的水槽。 它们成
为钓鱼物品和我们扔掉的日常用品的收集点。
由于塑料的耐用性,它留在那里对海洋生态造成了巨大的破坏。 最近的一些其他全球研究
估计, 的海鸟吞下了塑料。 更糟糕的是,经过很长一段时间,这些塑料被风和海浪分解成微小
90%
的颗粒。 然后处于食物链底部的海洋生物吸收了它们。 这些生物被我们最终吃掉的鱼吃掉了。
解决这个问题的办法是少用塑料。 一些国家现在对使用塑料袋收费,这减少了塑料袋的使
用量。 一些产品现在使用天然和可回收的材料。 但是,塑料在我们所需要的许多小器具中仍将
是必需的,这似乎是不可避免的。
所以,下次你拿起一个塑料袋,或者买一瓶塑料瓶装水的时候,想想岛上的鸟类和动物吧。
你会做些什么来保护环境?
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
女性的健康状况有些问题。 就在 月写这篇文章的时候,国会中的共和党人正疯狂地努力
7
参与废除并取代奥巴马政府实施的《平价医疗法案》。 根据最新版本的医改计划,到 年,至
2026
少有 , 万美国人将失去医疗保险,其中包括大幅削减医疗补助,而数据显示,缺乏保险意味
2 200
着成千上万的人会生病和死亡。 这些削减对女性的影响可能比男性更大———无论是取消基本医
疗保险,削减产妇保健,还是大幅限制生育权利。
是时候站出来反对这场针对女性健康的战争了。 在以男性为中心的漫长医学史上,当前的
事件只不过是最新的一次侮辱,推动这一趋势的往往不是政客,而是科学家和医生。 年的
1993
《国家卫生研究院振兴法案》要求将女性和少数民族纳入最后阶段的药物和治疗试验,在此之前,
女性被积极排除在此类测试之外,因为科学家担心女性的荷尔蒙周期会干扰结果。 这一遗漏意
味着女性不知道药物会对她们产生何种影响。
109
· ·无论废除和替代法案能否在今年通过,这些攻击都是一场针对女性健康的更大战争的一部
分,这场战争不太可能在短期内减弱。 我们必须抵抗这次进攻。 别管“美国第一”了———把女性
放在第一位是至关重要的。
【答案精析】
名词 攻击 抨击 共同之处 影响 势力 侮辱
:B) attacks , ; C) common ; G) influence , ; H) insult ,
冒犯 省略 遗漏 价值 重要性 版本 译本
; I) omission , ; N) value , ; O) version ,
动词 攻击 抨击 参与 参加 排除 不包括在内
:B) attacks , ; E) engaged , ; F) excluded , ;
影响 支配 侮辱 冒犯 需要 要求 转
G) influence , ; H) insult , ; J) required , ; L) shifted
移 移动 威胁 坏事 可能发生 重视 给 估价
, ; M) threaten ,( ) ; N) value , ……
形容词 常见的 普遍的 重要的 紧急的 已订婚的 使用
:C) common , ; D) critical , ; E) engaged ,
中的 必需的 必修的
; J) required ,
副词 绝对地 毫无疑问地 急剧地 大幅度地
:A) absolutely , ; K) sharply ,
【答案精析】
[答案]
26. E) engaged
【精析】 根据空前的 可知 空处应填形容词或动词的分词形式 作表语 符合要求
are , , 。
的选项有 为固定搭配 意为 从事 参加 根据上下文可
C、D、E、F、J、L。 be engaged in , “ , ”。
知 此处表示的是 国会中的共和党人士正疯狂地努力参与废除并取代奥巴马政府实施
, “
的 平价医疗法案 故选
《 》”。 E。
[答案]
27. O) version
【精析】 根据空前的形容词 和空后的 可知 空出应填名词 符合要求的选项有
latest of , 。
根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 根据最新版本的医改计划 故
B、C、G、H、I、N、O。 , “ ”。
选
O。
[答案]
28. M) threaten
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空处应填动词 作谓语 符合要求的选项有
, , 。 B、F、G、H、J、
根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 这些削减对女性的影响可能比男性更大
L、M、N。 , “ ”。
故选
M。
[答案]
29. K) sharply
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空处应填副词 修饰动名词短语
, , limiting reproductive rights。
符合要求的选项有 根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 大幅限制生育权利 故
A、K。 , “ ”。
选
K。
[答案]
30. H) insult
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空处应填名词 作表语 符合要求的选项有
, , 。 B、C、G、H、I、
根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 当前的事件只不过是最新的一次侮辱 故选
N。 , “ ”。 H。
[答案]
31. J) required
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空处应填动词 在 引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓
, , which
语 符合要求的选项有 根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 年的 国
。 B、F、G、J、L、N。 , “1993 《
110
· ·家卫生研究院振兴法案 要求将女性和少数民族纳入最后阶段的药物和治疗试验 故
》 ”。
选
J。
[答案]
32. F) excluded
【精析】 分析句子结构并结合句意可知 空处应填动词的过去分词形式 和上文中的
, ,
一起 构成被动语态 符合要求的选项有 为固定搭配 意为
were , 。 F、L。 excludefrom ,
把 排斥在 之外 根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 女性被积极排除在此类测
“ …… …… ”。 , “
试之外 故选
”。 F。
[答案]
33. I) omission
【精析】 根据空前的 可知 空处应填名词 符合要求的选项有 根据上
the , 。 B、C、G、I、N。
下文可知 此处表示的是 这一遗漏意味着女性不知道药物会对她们产生何种影响
, “ ”。
故选
I。
[答案]
34. B) attacks
【精析】 根据空前的 和空后的 可知 空处应填复数名词 符合要求的选项只
these are , 。
有 根据上下文可知 此处表示的是 这些攻击都是一场针对女性健康的更大战争的
B。 , “
一部分 故选
”。 B。
[答案]
35. D) critical
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空处应填形容词 作表语 也可将 形容词 不定
, , , “It is/was+ +
式 短语 视为固定句型 符合要求的选项有 根据上下文可知 此处表示的是
( )” 。 C、D。 ,
把女性放在第一位是至关重要的 故选
“ ”。 D。
Section B
【参考译文】
做母亲不是牺牲;而是自私
) 我在夏天休息了几周。 我的家人和我———丈夫和两个儿子,当时一个 岁,一个
A 9 7
岁———计划在新泽西海岸的家里度过这段时间。 当妈妈问我们假期要做什么时,我告诉她我们
会一起———去海滩和附近的游乐园、做饭,在院子里玩。 我妈妈回答说:“哦,这对你来说不是个
假期。 我打赌你一定等不及要回去工作了。 做母亲,是世界上最难的工作。 全都是牺牲!”“真的
吗?”我只能这样回答她。
) 我期待与我的孩子们不受打扰的时光。 我们会在海边待上几天,去木板路旅行,他们在
B
坐过山车的时候会高兴地尖叫———跟我在他们这么大的时候坐过的一样———然后和他们一起
坐,直到飓风桑迪把它冲入大西洋。 我们用碰碰车互相冲撞;我们会骑着老式的旋转木马,等着
我小儿子最喜欢的一匹马———亮蓝色的弗雷迪———有空。 有些日子肯定会在疲惫的泪水中结
束,但泪水并没有超过快乐。 即使在糟糕的日子里。
) 我母亲只是想同情我作为一个职业母亲的生活,但她所宣称的母亲牺牲本质的自我满足
C
的方式令人恼火。 我从不认为做母亲是世界上最难的工作,也不认为这全是牺牲。 不过,责怪她
是不公平的;她只不过是在重复一种老生常谈。 一旦我的烦恼消失,取而代之的是一种思路的清
晰,它帮助我理解这些语言修辞是如何强化对母亲和女性的权力剥夺。
111
· ·) 将母性作为一种牺牲的断言伴随着一种被感知到的荣耀。 人们期望女性牺牲自己的时
D
间、抱负和自我意识,去追求一个比个人身份更有价值的更高目标。 这在她的价值上留下了一个
真空,其他价值急于填补这个真空。
) 当一个女人怀孕时,她似乎成了公共财产。 也许是因为生儿育女确保了物种的延续,它
E
通常被优先考虑为更大的社会契约的一部分。 这种逻辑不仅导致了对女性身体进行立法的企
图,而且在更小的、日常的手势中,也跨越了界限。 许多朋友讲述了自己在怀孕期间被陌生人触
摸的故事,就好像母亲的身份把她变成了一个需要处理的容器。
) 写于 多年前的玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《使女的故事》提供了一个关于女性作为牺牲的
F 30
警示故事。 在这部反乌托邦小说中,女性根据男性为她们确定的用途被分组:即,为了外表而结
婚的不育妻子,或者为了生育而经常被强奸的有生育能力的“使女”。 一个男性角色宣称,女人必
须“在沉默中学习,完全服从”,“她将因生育而得救”。 在这种情况下,母性概念的行为表现为一
种牺牲。
) 当我们坚持认为做母亲是一种牺牲时,我们真正牺牲的是我们的自我意识,仿佛这是我
G
们生孩子的代价。
) 为人母不是一种牺牲,而是一种特权———一种我们许多人自私地选择的特权。 在最原始
H
的层面,生殖确保了我们的基因能够延续到下一代。 你可以把这种自私称为生物学上的需要。
在个人层面上,当我们把一个属于我们的人带到这个世界时,我们会保护和爱他,我们会尽我们
所能帮助他茁壮成长,这就产生了一个问题,这怎么可能是无私的? 无私意味着我们必须在这场
游戏中冒险。 作为母亲,我们全身心投入。
) 通过将母性重新定义为一种特权,我们将代理权重归母亲,赋予她权力,赞美她的自主权,
I
而不是她的牺牲。 诚然,我们中的一些人比其他人拥有更多的自主权。 有许多母亲出于经济或
个人原因不会选择做母亲。 然而,通过承认我们作为母亲的角色,拒绝对殉道者的虚假赞美,我
们为赋予所有女性权力做了更多的工作。
) 根据我的经验,当女人和女人之交谈时,我们的矛盾或沮丧很少是关于我们作为母亲的角
J
色。 (这并不意味着我们的孩子有时不会把我们逼疯。)相反,谈话转向了如何管理我们生活中最
美好的部分(那些让我们发疯的孩子)与我们的伴侣、事业和其他责任的问题。 虽然许多女性作
为母亲获得了最深的满足感,但这并不妨碍她们的雄心壮志,也不妨碍她们向内、向外或向侧面
倾斜。
) 说做母亲是“世界上最难的工作”完全没有抓住重点,因为生孩子和抚养孩子不是一份
K
“工作”。 诚然会有疲惫、恐惧和乏味。 抚养一个家庭是一项艰苦的工作,但我们生活中其他有意
义的方面也是如此。
) 把抚养孩子作为一项工作的说法肯定是源于照顾者和家庭主妇努力让自己被认为履行
L
了一个重要的角色。 很明显,抚养孩子是我们所做的最重要的事情之一———无论男女———但这
并不意味着抚养孩子就是一份工作。 在一份工作中,雇主为雇员同意提供的服务付费。 还有一
个老板,员工向他汇报工作。 在养育子女的问题上,那是谁呢?
) 这并不意味着我们不想要支持———带薪育儿假、更灵活的工作时间和公费日托。 但文化
M
112
· ·的转变必须发生,政策才会跟进。 毕竟,殉道者不需要也不期待公共服务。
) 人们很少像谈论母亲那样谈论父亲。 在文化上,男性既要有孩子又要有职业身份,而不
N
必在两者之间做出选择是可以被接受的。 这些不言而喻的偏见根深蒂固。 这让我想起了一个朋
友,她的丈夫抱怨说,当她和朋友出去吃饭时,他不得不“照看”孩子。 女性曾经“照看”过自己的
孩子吗? 事情正在发生变化,但阴险的推论依然存在。
) 此外,研究表明,随着“女性”和“家庭”成为文化的必然结果,这些偏见也被人工智能所
O
采用,这令人恐惧。 称作母亲是女性的“工作”,只会让女性固守在自己的位置上。 外出工作的母
亲的优先次序经常受到质疑。 这就好像女性被迫在抱负(或者仅仅是挣维持生活的工资)和家庭
之间做出选择。
) 如果我们开始把做母亲看作是一种美丽而又凌乱的特权,把照顾孩子看作是我们所做的
P
最有爱但又最自私的事情,也许我们就能改变我母亲使用的带有偏见的语言。 只有当我们不再
把做母亲当作一种牺牲时,我们才能开始以我们应得的方式谈论母亲。
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. F)
【精析】 题干中的
“women are divided into two groups based on whether or not they can
与 段材料第二句
give birth to a child.” F “women are grouped according to the uses men
相匹配
determine for them” 。
[答案]
37. P)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“alter the biased view held by people like the author’s mother”
段材料第一句 相匹配
P “change the biased language my mother used.” 。
[答案]
38. L)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第二至四句
“couldn’t become a job” L “but that does
相匹配
not make it a job. In a job, an employer pays for servicesthere is a boss” 。
[答案]
39. J)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“conversations between womenjobs and other responsibilities”
段材料倒数第二句 相匹配
J “with our partners, careers and other responsibilities.” 。
[答案]
40. H)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第
“from both a biological and a personal perspective.” H
二 三句 相匹配
、 “At its most atavisticOn a personal level” 。
[答案]
41. A)
【精析】 题干中的
“The author expressed her disagreement when her mother made
与 段材料中的
comments” A “In response, my mother said‘Really?’ was all I could say
相匹配
in response.” 。
[答案]
42. N)
【精析】 题干中的
“The cultural acceptance of men’ s dual identities as father and jobholder
113
· ·与 段材料第二 三句
reflects deep-rooted prejudice against women.” N 、 “It’ s culturally
acceptable for men to have children and professional identitiesThese unspoken biases run
相匹配
deep.” 。
[答案]
43. E)
【精析】 题干中的
“pregnant women appear to become public assetsmakes sure the
与 段材料第一 二句
human race’s continued existence.” E 、 “become public property
相匹配
ensures the continuation of the species” 。
[答案]
44. I)
【精析】 题干中的
“unwillingness to bear a child due to economic or personal reasons”
与 段材料第三句
I “would not have chosen motherhood, for financial or personal reasons.”
相匹配
。
[答案]
45. B)
【精析】 题干中的
“with sons without distraction and believed they would have a good
与 段材料第一句
time.” B “I was looking forward to uninterrupted time with my boys.”
相匹配
。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
你认为今天的孩子想成为医生或者律师吗? 不是的。 明星是当今年轻人的头号梦
YouTube
想职业,至少根据一家英国报纸的一项广泛调查来看,情况是这样的。
其实吸引力是显而易见的:一些 多岁的人正通过在线玩电子游戏或分享美容秘诀赚取数
20
百万。 但是,他们不得不无休止的制作那些看起来易懂的、透明和真实的原创内容,而这种压力
对包括埃森娜·奧尼尔在内的一些人而言都太大了。 埃森娜·奥尼尔以前是社交媒体人,在她
的帖子中公开了自己由于过度曝光生活而经历了抑郁症和焦虑症状。
职业网络生活对 岁的劳伦·里希迈基来说也已成为一个挑战。 有六百万人关注她的
24
频道: ,话题涵盖了从家居装饰到她领养一只可爱的小狗。
YouTube LaurDIY
这些明星大多数都在 岁到 岁之间。 与电影明星或摇滚明星不同,这些视频明星独自做
20 26
大部分的工作。 他们负责所有事务:策划、制作、拍摄、导演、剪辑、安排节目、推广和营销。 为了
让焦急等待的观众满意,这些事情他们每周至少要做两次。
这就是为什么劳伦·里希迈基不仅疲惫,而且接近崩溃的原因。 自从她开始 直播
YouTube
以来,她已经几近疯狂的克服并突破了焦虑的界限。 她在看心理医生,也在服用药物。 这对她而
言有效果。
洛杉矶心理医生达娜·朱利安表示,作为 明星,生活中最难处理的事情之一就是让
YouTube
某种可能成瘾的事情成为自己的职业。 任何拥有 , 或 账号的人都很熟
Facebook Twitter Instagram
悉这种炫耀的冲动。 但是,想象一下,这种冲动被数以百万计的点击率、点赞和粉丝放大了会
怎样。
对 明星来说,当他们明显不堪重负时,应该被告知要离线一段时间。 不要成为一个
YouTube
品牌。 花一些时间,再次成为一个人。
114
· ·【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第一段第三句
YouTube stardom, number one young people
和第二段第一句
。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 明星是当今年轻人的头号梦想职业 接着
。 ,YouTube , ,
第二段第一句指明原因 其吸引力是显而易见的 一些 多岁的人正通过在线玩电子游
, : 20
戏或分享美容秘诀赚取数百万 由此可推知 年轻人受到这种赚钱方式的吸引 因此想
。 , ,
成为 明星 故答案为
YouTube , C)。
[答案]
47. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第二段第二 三句
Essena O’Neill 、 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 他们不得不无休止的制作那些看起来易理解 透明
。 , 、
和真实的原创内容 而这种压力对包括 在内的一些人而言都太大了 接
, Essena O’Neill 。
着指出 她以前是社交媒体人 在帖子中公开了自己由于过度曝光生活而经历了抑郁症
, ,
和焦虑症状 由此可推知 她现在可能不再是社交媒体明星了 故答案为
。 , , D)。
[答案]
48. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项内容定位到第三段和第五段
Lauren Riihimaki 。
【精析】 事实细节题 第三段提到 职业网络生活对 岁的 来说也已
。 , 24 Lauren Riihimaki
成为一个挑战 第五段继续对她的情况进行说明 她不仅疲惫 而且接近崩溃 第五段
。 : , 。
最后两句提到 她在看心理医生 也在服用药物 这对她有效果 由此可知 她在专家的
, , , 。 ,
帮助下 症状有所缓解 故答案为
, , D)。
[答案]
49. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第四段第二 三句
movie stars or rock stars, video stars 、 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 与电影明星或摇滚明星不同 那些视频明星独自做
。 , ,
大部分的工作 接着具体说明他们负责的事务 策划 制作 拍摄 导演 剪辑 安排节目
。 : 、 、 、 、 、 、
推广和营销 由此可推知 一般而言 视频明星需要掌握很多技能 故答案为
。 , , , A)。
[答案]
50. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第六段
Dana Julian 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位段提到 表示 作为 明星 生活中最难
。 ,Dana Julian , YouTube ,
处理的事情之一就是让某种可能成瘾的事情成为自己的职业 接着指出 任何拥有
; ,
或 账号的人都很熟悉炫耀的冲动 而正是数以百万计的点击
Facebook, Twitter Instagram ;
率 点赞和粉丝将这种冲动放大了 由此可推知 许多年轻人热衷成为视频明星是出于
、 。 ,
虚荣心 故答案为
, B)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
几十年来,生物银行作为必不可少的研究工具得以保存。 虽然很少有人怀疑分类保存具有
良好表征的组织、细胞和其他样本的科学价值,但这些研究平台还是引起了大量的法律和道德争
议,特别是在获得研究样本的同意以及对研究样本的控制方面。
115
· ·在世界各地,数十亿公共和私人资金已经投资于生物银行,数百万人被征求捐赠生物材料和
个人信息。 但与此同时,基本的法律和道德规范仍然存在着严重的不确定性。
法律学者认为,其最常用的同意形式———即广泛或公开的同意———并没有遵守相关的法律
规范,因此同意程序似乎有必要采用一种更全面和具体的方法。 由于无法得知未来工作的细节,
因此这种方法意味着为研究参与者提供的信息远远少于传统上在获得具体同意的情况下披露的
信息。
确实,一直以来许多研究发现,在大多数情况下,公众支持生物银行业务举措并相信研究界。
但这种支持和信任是脆弱的。 有很多社会力量,例如企业越来越多地参与生物银行计划,这可能
会削弱公众的信心。 此外,有一些社会趋势可能会增强人们控制人体生物材料的兴趣。 研究伦
理争议可能会对公众认知和同意政策产生深远的影响。
人们开始对生物权利感兴趣,虽然不具有普遍性,但也可能挑战生物银行的现行方式。 事实
上,遗传学和干细胞研究等领域在热点新闻中获得了很多积极的报道,包括此类工作的潜在经
济性。
在科学界内部,生物银行是不可或缺的研究工具这个观念已被广泛接受,它对于弄明白复杂
的基因—环境相互作用至关重要。 毫无疑问,生物银行会延续下去。 但我们需要认识到,尽管进
行了几十年的学术论辩,但基本的法律和道德挑战将会依然存在。
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第一段第一句和第二段第二句
biobanking 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句提到 几十年来 生物银行作为必不可少的研究工具得以
。 , ,
保存 第二段第二句指出人们的质疑 基本的法律和道德规范仍然存在着严重的不确定
; :
性 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
52. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第三段第二句
specific consent 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句提到 由于未来工作的细节是未知的 因此这种方法 广
。 , , (
泛或公开的同意 意味着为研究参与者提供的信息远远少于传统上在获得具体同意的
)
情况下披露的信息 故答案为
, C)。
[答案]
53. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第四段前两句
fragile 。
【精析】 词语理解题 定位句的第一句提到 一直以来许多研究发现 在大多数情况
。 , ,
下 公众支持生物银行业务举措并相信研究界 接着定位句的第二句出现了转折词
, 。
随后作者就该句观点进行了解释说明 有很多社会力量 例如企业越来越多地参与
But, : ,
生物银行计划 这可能会削弱公众的信心 由此可推知 公众对生物银行业务举措及研
, 。 ,
究界的支持和信任是脆弱的 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
54. A)
【定位】 由题干及各选项内容定位到第五段
。
116
· ·【精析】 推理判断题 首句提到 人们开始对生物权利感兴趣 接着第二句指出 事实
。 , ; :
上 遗传学和干细胞研究等领域在热点新闻中获得了很多积极的报道 包括此类工作的
, ,
潜在经济性 由此可推知 人们对生物银行研究的兴趣越来越大 出现了很多正面的宣
。 , ,
传 看起来前途光明 充满希望 故答案为
, , , A)。
[答案]
55. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和各选项内容定位到最后一段最后两句
biobanking 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句提到 毫无疑问 生物银行会延续下去 接着指出 但我们
。 , , ; :
需要认识到 尽管进行了几十年的学术辩论 但基本的法律和道德挑战将会存在 再结
, , 。
合该段第一句可以判断 生物银行是重要的研究工具 但也存在某些方面的问题需要解
, ,
决 故答案为
, B)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
During the Western Han Dynasty, Chinese ships reached India and Sri Lanka where China’s silk
was traded for products like colored glaze and pearls. The Tang Dynasty was a dynamic period of
exchanges and cooperation with foreign countries in Chinese history. According to historical records, the
number of countries which China exchanged envoys and kept on friendly terms with during the Tang
Dynasty was up to 70, and Chang’an, the capital of Tang, gathered envoys, merchants and overseas
students from all over the world. This large-scale exchange promoted not only the spread of Chinese
culture to the rest of the world, but also the introduction of the cultures and products from different
countries to China.
大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷(四)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
C B A C C C B A D D C C D A A
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
C A C D C D C C B D J E L G M
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
F H N D K F A G B H C H D I E
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C A B B B C D A C B
117
· ·Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
The Importance of Independence of Mind
There is a saying that goes, “Create your own life.” What this concise aphorism tries to convey is
that we should live according to our own will rather than live as what others expect. In other words,
independence of mind is needed to live happily.
For one thing, with independence of mind, you could clearly know who you are and what you
really need, so that you won’t compare unrealistically with others who are born with a silver spoon in
their mouth. That’s where true happiness and contentment derives from. For another, independence of
mind could detach you from the complex world and give you the power to face criticism and gossip from
other people. Thus, you won’t lose yourself in the mess of life.
To conclude, the quality of life isn’t dependent on what we have been given but what mindset we
bear. As long as we work hard and enjoy what we have possessed, we will create our own life.
【参考译文】
思想独立的重要性
有句谚语说:“创造你自己的生活。”这句简洁的格言试图传达的是,我们应该按照自己的意
愿生活,而不是按照别人的期望生活。 换句话说,快乐地生活需要独立的思想。
一方面,有了独立的思想,你可以清楚地知道你是谁,你真正需要什么,这样你就不会不切实
际地和那些含着金汤匙出生的人作比较。 那就是真正的快乐和满足的来源。 另一方面,思想独
立可以使你脱离复杂的世界,让你有能力面对别人的批评和八卦。 这样,你就不会在生活的混乱
中迷失自己。
总之,生活的质量不取决于我们得到了什么,而取决于我们拥有什么样的心态。 只要我们努
力工作,享受我们所拥有的,我们将创造自己的生活。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
News Report One
【听力原文】
There were 6 million cyber-attacks recorded last year in Kenya. That is more than double the
number recorded in 2013. Most of the attacks involved financial crimes or targeted information
infrastructure like computer systems. The targets were Kenyan government agencies, other groups and
private citizens. Many computer users wonder what they should be doing to guard against possible online
attacks.
Felix Ngugi is a 22-year-old information technology student. He is taking a two-year-long
118
· ·class. The course helps students learn how to secure information stored on computers. It tells them
about computer hacking and tests their anti-hacking proficiency. “Why we are learning this is to be able
to secure the people who are innocently being attacked by people who know computers and to protect
their data and information from getting out to the open.”
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. How many cyber-attacks were recorded in 2013?
[答案]
C)
2. Why did the students take the two-year-long class?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
去年肯尼亚发生了 万起网络攻击事件。 这一数字是 年记录的两倍多。 大多数攻击
600 2013
涉及金融犯罪或针对计算机系统等信息基础设施。 袭击目标是肯尼亚政府机构、其他组织和普
通公民。 许多电脑用户想知道他们应该做些什么来防范可能的网络攻击。
是一名 岁的信息技术专业学生。 他正在上为期两年的课程。 该课程帮助学生
Felix Ngugi 22
学习如何保护存储在计算机上的信息。 它告诉他们关于计算机黑客和测试他们的反黑客能力。
“为什么我们要学习这一点,是为了能够保护那些无辜受到懂电脑的人攻击的人,保护他们的数
据和信息不被泄露出去。”
News Report Two
【听力原文】
Experts warned recently that a major glacier in Greenland is quickly melting and falling into the
Atlantic Ocean. If the entire glacier in the northeast of Greenland melts and falls, global sea levels
Science
could rise by a half meter. The study, published in the journal , said the glacier melted three
times faster than earlier. The glacier is losing 5 billion tons of mass per year, according to the
study. The glacier is dumping many icebergs into the ocean. It will raise sea levels in future decades,
Jeremie Mouginot wrote. He is the study’s lead author and a professor at the University of California,
Irvine.
Warmer ocean water is eroding the glacier from below. Warmer air temperatures are melting it from
above. Another Greenland glacier is also melting, but not as quickly because it is in a protected
location.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. What will make the global sea levels rise by a half meter?
[答案]
A)
4. What leads to the glacier’s melting?
[答案]
C)
119
· ·【参考译文】
专家最近警告说,格陵兰岛的一个主要冰川正在迅速融化并落入大西洋。 如果格陵兰岛东
北部的整个冰川融化并下降,全球海平面可能上升半米。 这项发表在《科学》杂志上的研究称,冰
川融化的速度是以前的三倍。 根据这项研究,冰川每年正在失去 亿吨的质量。 冰川把许多冰
50
山倒进了海洋。 杰里米·穆吉诺写道,未来几十年海平面将会上升。 他是这项研究的主要作者,
也是加州大学欧文分校的教授。
更暖和的海水正在从下面侵蚀冰川。 更暖和的气温使它从上方融化。 另一个格陵兰冰川也
在融化,但没有那么快,因为它在一个受保护的地方。
News Report Three
【听力原文】
Around 68 percent of US students pursue degrees in English-speaking countries. The top
destination countries were the UK and Canada. France and Germany were third and fourth,
respectively. From 2010 to 2012, the number of American students enrolling in German universities
increased by almost 10 percent, says the IIE. In 2012, there were more than 4,000 American students
pursuing undergraduate, master’s and doctoral degrees in Germany.
Hunter Bliss told the BBC that the cost of education was the main reason he went to Germany to get
a degree in physics. As a student at the Technical University of Munich, in Germany, he pays around
＄
6,000 dollars per year to cover his rent, insurance and other living expenses. To study at the
University of South Carolina, his home university in the US, Hunter would have to pay more than
＄
10,000 dollars per year, with scholarships.
Germany continues to give free education to foreign students. The German government, says the
Migration Policy Institute,wantsto attract young studentsto help Germany’seconomic competitiveness. The
hope is to attract skilled foreign students who will stay in Germany.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. Which is the third top destination country for the US students?
[答案]
C)
6. What’s the main reason that Hunter chooses to study in Germany?
[答案]
C)
7. Why does Germany give free education to foreign students?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
大约 的美国学生在英语国家攻读学位。 最受欢迎的留学目的地国家是英国和加拿大。
68%
法国和德国分别位居第三和第四。 国际教育研究所表示,从 年到 年,在德国大学就读
2010 2012
的美国学生人数增长了近 。 年,有 , 多名美国学生在德国攻读本科、硕士和博士
10% 2012 4 000
学位。
120
· ·亨特·布利斯告诉 ,教育成本是他去德国获得物理学学位的主要原因。 作为德国慕尼
BBC
黑工业大学的一名学生,他每年要支付大约 , 美元来付房租、保险和其他生活费用。 为了在
6 000
他的家乡美国南卡罗来纳大学学习,亨特每年必须支付超过 万美元的奖学金。
1
德国继续为外国学生提供免费教育。 德国政府表示,移民政策研究所希望吸引年轻学生来
帮助德国提高经济竞争力。 希望能吸引有技能的外国学生留在德国。
Section B
Conversation One
【听力原文】
W: Good afternoon, sir! Is there anything I can do for you?
M: Yes, please! I’ve heard that JK’s new book is available. I’ve tried several bookstores but all
were sold out.
W: Let me checkI feel so sorry, sir. JK’s new books are sold out.
M: Oh, no, not again! I thought this store would be my last resort! After all, your store is the
biggest one in this block.
W: I clearly remember there were several books left this morning. Let me check again.
M: Thank you!
W: Sir, there are indeed two left, but not in this store.
M: What do you mean?
W: We have another store next block and we can reserve one for you.
M: That’ll be great!
W: However, I’m afraid you have to pay 10% of what the book costs in advance, as the
reservation fee. Otherwise, we have no right to reserve any book.
M: I understand. So, do I have to go over the reservation procedure now?
W: Yes. Here it is. Please fill your information in this customer card and pay the reservation
fee. Then we will get the book for you right now.
M: Thanks a lot! I appreciate your help!
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. How does the man feel when he knew the books have been sold out?
[答案]
A)
9. What does the woman find after checking the bookstore again?
[答案]
D)
10. What should the man do to reserve the book?
[答案]
D)
121
· ·11. What will the man probably do next?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
女:下午好,先生! 我能为您做些什么吗?
男:好的,谢谢! 我听说 的新书已经上市了。 我试过几家书店,但都卖光了。
JK
女:让我查一下……我感到很抱歉,先生。 的新书已经卖完了。
JK
男:噢,不,又来了! 我以为这家店是我最后的选择! 毕竟,你的店是这个街区最大的一家。
女:我清楚地记得今天早上还剩下几本书。 我再查一下。
男:谢谢!
女:先生,确实还有两本,但不在这家店。
男:你是什么意思?
女:我们在隔壁街区还有一家店,我们可以为您预订一本。
男:那太好了!
女:不过,恐怕您得提前支付书价的 作为预订费。 否则,我们没有权利预订任何书籍。
10%
男:我明白了。 那么,我现在需要仔细看一下预订手续吗?
女:是的。 在这里。 请在这张顾客卡上填写您的信息并支付预订费。 那么我们现在就去给
您取书。
男:非常感谢! 谢谢你的帮助!
Conversation Two
【听力原文】
M: Good morning, Doctor Albert.
W: Good morning. May I have your name please?
M: Brown. George Brown. We were in the same gymnasium five years ago in Washington. We
worked out together. Our coach was Alexandra.
W: Oh, Brown. Nice to meet you.
M: You’ve changed a lot! I remember you were doing your own business then. How did you
become a doctor of psychology and work as a personal coach?
W: Well, I sold my business and worked as a manager in a high-tech company for quite a while
after that. But one day, I suddenly felt miserable and decided to make a change.
M: Why? As far as I can understand, you were highly motivated in business management.
W: I was. But a few years later, I felt lost.
M: What do you mean by “lost”?
W: My life seemed like an endless routine. I was tired and lonely. So I was determined to find
something I truly loved. And now I have been a personal coach for 6 years. I help my clients
122
· ·to re-evaluate their lives and rediscover what matters most to them.
M: Oh, I feel as tired as you were. I need some professional advice.
W: What’s your situation, Brown?
M: I’m a partner at a law firm. I’ve made more money this year than the last two years
combined. I’ve attained the success I hoped for, but it doesn’t feel the way I expected it
to be.
W: Look, Brown. As a personal coach, I believe I can help you to re-evaluate your life and make
you feel happier.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What did the man use to do with the woman?
[答案]
C)
13. Why did the woman give up business management?
[答案]
D)
14. What does the woman do as a personal coach?
[答案]
A)
15. Why does the man come to meet the woman?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
男:早上好,艾伯特医生。
女:早上好。 请问您贵姓?
男:布朗。 乔治·布朗。 五年前我们在华盛顿的同一个体育馆。 我们一起锻炼。 我们的教
练是亚历山德拉。
女:哦,布朗。 很高兴见到你。
男:你变了很多! 我记得那时你在做自己的生意。 你是如何成为心理学医生和私人教练的?
女:嗯,我卖掉了我的公司,在一家高科技公司当了很长一段时间的经理。 但是有一天,我突
然觉得很痛苦,决定做出改变。
男:为什么? 据我所知,你在企业管理方面积极性很高。
女:是的。 但几年后,我感到了迷茫。
男:你说的“迷茫”是什么意思?
女:我的生活似乎是没完没了的例行公事。 我又累又孤单。 所以我决定寻找自己真正喜欢
的东西。 现在我已经做了 年的私人教练。 我帮助我的客户重新评估他们的生活,重新
6
发现对他们来说最重要的东西。
男:哦,我觉得我和你之前一样累。 我需要一些专业的建议。
女:布朗,你的情况如何?
123
· ·男:我是一家律师事务所的合伙人。 我今年赚的钱比过去两年的总和还多。 我已经获得了
我所期望的成功,但感觉却不像我所期望的那样。
女:看,布朗。 作为一名私人教练,我相信我可以帮助你重新评估你的生活,让你感到更
快乐。
Section C
Passage One
【听力原文】
Technology can bring lasting change to society, and one change it brought in the 19th century was
the widespread use of color in art and commerce. A printing process began in Germany and then spread
to America, where brightly-colored printing transformed popular culture. An exhibition called The Color
Explosion at the Huntington Library illustrates the changes. The 19th century is often remembered
through stiffly posed, black and white photographs of people dressed in shades of gray. Much of the
century, however, was excess in color, especially in America, where brightly-colored prints found a
place on boxes, cans as well as calendars and posters. David Smith, curator of the Huntington
exhibition, says the mass production of color was enabled by a groundbreaking process called
lithography. “It had a tremendous visual impact on people who, up to this time, really had not seen
much color before. So lithography, one of its major impacts, was to colorize America and bring color to
every community and every home, affordable.” Lithographic artists used grease crayons to sketch
images on a block of limestone. The printer applied water and ink, and the ink adhered to the greasy
image. The stone block was then used to mass-produce printed copies. Black and white lithography was
invented in Germany in the 1790s, and it spread to France and England, and then made its way to
America with German immigrants. Smith says that after a few decades, printers started using colored
ink, as the process expanded from city to city in the country’s westward expansion.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What change did technology bring in the 19th century?
[答案]
C)
17. What’s the great impact of lithography?
[答案]
A)
18. How did black and white lithography appear in America?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
技术可以给社会带来持久的变化,它在 世纪带来的一个变化是颜色在艺术和商业中的广
19
泛使用。 印刷工艺始于德国,然后传播到美国,在那里,色彩鲜艳的印刷术改变了流行文化。 亨
廷顿图书馆的一个名为“色彩爆炸”的展览说明了这些变化。 世纪通常是通过穿着灰色衣服
19
124
· ·的人的动作僵硬的黑白照片被记住的。 然而,在 世纪的大部分时间里,色彩过剩,尤其是在美
20
国,色彩鲜艳的印刷品在盒子、罐子、日历和海报上都占有一席之地。 亨廷顿展览的策展人大
卫·史密斯说,一种叫作平版印刷的开创性工艺使彩色的大规模生产成为可能。 “它对那些在此
之前还没见过多少颜色的人产生了巨大的视觉影响。 因此,光刻技术的主要影响之一是使美国
变得多彩,让每个社区和每个家庭都能负担得起色彩。”平版印刷艺术家用油脂蜡笔在一块石灰
石上素描。 打印机使用水和墨水,墨水附着在油性的图像上。 然后,石头块被用来大量打印副
本。 黑白光刻术是 世纪 年代在德国发明的,它传播到法国和英国,然后随着德国移民来到
18 90
美国。 史密斯说,几十年后,随着美国向西扩张,这种工艺从一个城市扩展到另一个城市,印刷商
开始使用彩色墨水。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
The reason people count sheep, as opposed to bluebirds or sailboats, is uncertain; some authorities
think it may have to do with a tallying system devised by shepherds in ancient Britain. But there is no
question that the phrase has entered the language. And its meaning is clear enough—the sheer
monotony of the task is meant to lull you to sleep. But does it work? Scientists at Oxford University put
Behavior Research and Therapy
it to the test. In their study, which appeared in the journal of , two sleep
researchers recruited insomniacs and split them into groups. Then they monitored them as they tried
different techniques for falling asleep on various nights. What they found was that subjects took slightly
longer to fall asleep on nights when they were instructed to distract themselves by counting sheep or were
given no instructions at all. But when they were told to imagine a relaxing scene—a beach, for
example—they fell asleep an average of 20 minutes sooner than they did on other nights. Counting
sheep, the scientists suggested, may simply be too boring to do for very long, while images of a soothing
shoreline or tranquil stream are engrossing enough to concentrate on. In other studies at Oxford,
scientists compared “good” sleepers with insomniacs and found distinct differences in their pre-sleep
thoughts. Insomniacs pictured less scenery of any kind and had more thoughts of unpleasant images,
worries, noises in the environment, “intimate relationships” and things they had done during the
day. So don’t count sheep; instead, try picturing relaxing images.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. Why has the phrase “count sheep” come into shape?
[答案]
D)
20. What does the test carried out by scientists at Oxford University show?
[答案]
C)
21. What does the speaker suggest to those who have difficulty falling asleep?
[答案]
D)
125
· ·【参考译文】
人们数羊,而不是数蓝知更鸟或帆船的原因尚不清楚;一些权威人士认为,这可能与古代英
国牧羊人设计的一种计数系统有关。 但毫无疑问,这个短语已经进入了人们的语言。 它的意思
很清楚———任务的单调是为了哄你入睡。 但这真的有效吗? 牛津大学的科学家对此进行了测
试。 在他们发表在《行为研究与治疗》杂志上的研究中,两位睡眠研究人员招募了失眠症患者,并
将他们分成几组。 然后,随着他们在不同的夜晚尝试不同的入睡技巧,研究人员对他们进行监
测。 他们发现,当受试者被指示通过数羊来分散注意力或根本没有收到任何指示时,他们入睡的
时间会稍长一些。 但是,当他们被要求想象一个放松的场景———比如海滩———他们入睡的时间
比其他晚上平均早了 分钟。 科学家们认为,数羊可能太无聊了,不能长时间做,而舒缓的海岸
20
线或宁静的溪流的图像则足够吸引人,让人集中精力。 在牛津大学的其他研究中,科学家们将
“良好”睡眠者与失眠症患者进行了比较,发现他们睡前的想法存在明显差异。 失眠症患者很少
想象任何形式的风景,更多地想到不愉快的画面、担忧、环境中的噪声、“亲密关系”和他们白天做
过的事情。 所以不要数羊,相反,试着想象放松的画面。
Passage Three
【听力原文】
Australia has experienced its warmest August on record, as winter temperatures soared.
Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology says that August was a “most extraordinary month” with mean
temperatures almost 2. 5 degrees above the long-term average. August in Australia culminated in a
record-breaking heatwave across much of the continent. Blair Trewin from the National Climate Center
says the past month brought unprecedented weather. “Early last week we saw a number of locations in
northern New South Wales and southern Queensland break their August record-high temperatures by four
or five degrees,” Trewin said. “And to break records by that sort of margin is something which is
extremely rare.” Scientists think that such unseasonal temperatures are the result of both global warming
and natural climate variability. There are warnings that spring in this part of the southern hemisphere is
likely to bring more hot weather, causing a long drought. Parts of Australia have seen below-average
rainfall for several years and the outlook for many parched communities is not good. Australia is a major
food exporter, and if the drought dramatically cuts yields, that could cause global prices for grain, meat
and other foods to rise. The warm, dry conditions have prompted the authorities to warn that
Australia’s annual bushfire season is again likely to be severe. Already serious fires have flared near
Sydney, the country’s most populous city.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. Why is August said to be a “most extraordinary month”?
[答案]
C)
23. What do the unseasonal temperatures result from according to the scientists?
[答案]
C)
126
· ·24. What will the long drought lead to?
[答案]
B)
25. What is another concern for Australia?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
随着冬季气温飙升,澳大利亚经历了有记录以来最热的 月份。 澳大利亚气象局表示, 月
8 8
份是“最不寻常的一个月”,平均气温比长期平均水平高出近 度。 月份,澳大利亚大陆大部
2.5 8
分地区遭遇了破纪录的热浪。 国家气候中心的布莱尔·特温表示,过去一个月出现了前所未有
的天气。 特温说:“上周早些时候,我们看到新南威尔士州北部和昆士兰州南部的许多地方的气
温打破了 月份的最高纪录,高出 到 度。 以这种幅度打破纪录是极其罕见的。”科学家们认
8 4 5
为,这种非季节性的气温是全球变暖和自然气候变化的结果。 有警告称,南半球这一地区的春季
可能会带来更多的炎热天气,导致长期干旱。 澳大利亚部分地区的降雨量几年来一直低于平均
水平,许多干旱社区的前景并不乐观。 澳大利亚是一个主要的粮食出口国,如果干旱严重削减产
量,可能会导致全球谷物、肉类和其他食品价格上涨。 温暖干燥的环境促使当局警告说,澳大利
亚每年的森林大火季节可能再次严重。 澳大利亚人口最多的城市悉尼附近已经发生了严重的
火灾。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
研究人员目前已经确定了 万种动物种类,但还有数以百万计的种类等待被发现、被命名
140
及被科学地描述。 因此要想识别地球上的每一种动物需要多少成本呢? 巴西的两位科学家对此
进行了大量运算,并得出结论:需要 , 亿美元。
2 630
这个数字远远大于哈佛大学著名生物学家爱德华· ·威尔森早在 年给出的 亿美
O 2000 50
元的估计,而且那是对地球上所有物种的估计而不是仅仅局限于动物。 纽约美国自然历史博物
馆的鸟类学家乔尔·克拉克拉福特说,要想了解那些对农业、渔业、新药品和能源至关重要的生
物, , 亿美元也只是一个很小的数目。 他说:“坦白地说,世界经济依赖于生物多样化。 人们
2 630
并不能真正深入地了解我们对生物多样化的依赖程度。”
绝大多数生物学家认为,随着动物灭绝速度的攀升以及气候变化的逼近,急需做出努力以对
地球上的生物多样化或者生物区进行记录,尤其考虑到这些生命体对作物授粉、空气净化以及其
他人类健康方面起到的至关重要的作用。 “据估计物种的灭绝速度比我们定义新物种的速度要
快,”曾经与弗纳多·卡佰欧共同发表新论文的生物学家安乐尼奥·马奎斯(他们都在巴西圣保
罗大学)说。 “我们必须了解需要保护的生物区并且保护好生物区,”他说。
专家表示,除了资金,另一个严重阻碍我们对动物王国进行全面了解的就是全球范围内分类
学家的短缺。
127
· ·【答案精析】
名词 企图 尝试 努力 气力 障碍 阻碍 健
:A) attempt , ; F) effort , ; K) obstacle , ; N) well-being
康 安乐
,
动词 努力 尝试 将 分类 合著 来 来
:A) attempt , ; C) classify …… ; D) coauthored ; E) come ,
到 使能够 使实现 识别 确认 猛增 急升
; G) enable , ; J) identify , ; M) soaring ,
形容词 比较便宜的 更便宜的 小的 不重要的
:B) cheaper , ; L) small ,
副词 尤其 特别 精确地 确切地 尚 还
:H) especially , ; I) exactly , ; O) yet ,
[答案]
26. J) identify
【精析】 空格前面为动词不定式符号 而空格后为名词短语 说明此处需填动词 文
to, , 。
章第一句说研究人员已经确定了很多种动物种类 但仍有数以百万计的种类等待被发
,
现 所以第二句承接前一句的意思 问要识别这些动物种类需要花费多少钱 因此动词
, , ,
识别 符合题意
identify“ ” 。
[答案]
27. E) come
【精析】 空格所在句的主语为 根据 前面的并列结构
A pair of Brazilian scientists, and has
可知 此处也应填入动词的过去分词形式 空格后为 所给动词中
crunched , 。 up with, ,come
与 能构成固定搭配 表示 想出 得出 故选
up with , “ , ”, come。
[答案]
28. L) small
【精析】 空格前面为不定冠词 空格后为名词 因此空格处应填入形容词 前一
a, price, 。
句说早在 年时 生物学家估计 亿美元可以解决这个问题 但现在即使是
2000 , 50 , 2,630
亿美元对于了解生物来说也只是一个 数目 分析句意可知 小的 符合
28 。 ,small“ ”
题意
。
[答案]
29. G) enable
【精析】 空格所在的定语从句的先行词为 空格处需要填入一个动词作谓语
creatures, 。
结合所给选项可知 只有动词 符合句意 此处意为 那些对农业 渔业 新药品和
, enable , “ 、 、
能源至关重要的生物
”。
[答案]
30. M) soaring
【精析】 前的 和 后的 为并列结构
and extinction rates 30 and climate change looming ,
说明此处需要填入动词的现在分词形式 本句意为 随着动物灭绝速度的 以及
。 “ 30
气候变化的逼近 结合常识及备选项 猛增 急升 符合题意
”, ,soaring“ , ” 。
[答案]
31. F) effort
【精析】 空格前为定冠词 因此空格处应该填入名词 根据文章内容及本句句意可
the, 。
知 对地球上的生物种类进行记录并不是轻而易举的事 需要一番 努力 故 努
, , “ ”, effort“
力 符合句意
” 。
[答案]
32. H) especially
【精析】 空格后的 为动词的现在分词形式 根据句子的语境可知 此处应填
considering , ,
入副词 结合备选项 只有 尤其 符合此处句意 故选
。 , especially“ ” , especially。
128
· ·[答案]
33. N) well-being
【精析】 本句空格前有介词 和名词 空格处需要填入一个名词与 搭配
of human, human
构成名词短语 四个备选名词中只有 健康 安乐 与 搭配且符合句意
。 well-being“ , ” human ,
因此选 意为 人类健康
well-being。 human well-being “ ”。
[答案]
34. D) coauthored
【精析】 空格前为关系代词 空格后为名词短语 说明此处需要填入
who, the new paper,
一个动词作谓语 本句出现了 和 两个人名 还提到了
。 Antonio Marques Fernando Carbayo ,
由此可推知 此处应填 合著
paper。 , coauthored“ ”。
[答案]
35. K) obstacle
【精析】 空格前为形容词 后面为介词 因此空格处应该填入名词 根据本句提
huge, to, 。
到的 再结合前面所说的资金方面的缺乏 可知本句所说的是另一个负面的因
shortage, ,
素 因此 障碍 阻碍 符合题意
, obstacle“ , ” 。
Section B
【参考译文】
大学生与图书管理员之间的鸿沟
) 学生很少向图书管理员寻求帮助,即使当他们需要帮助时。 这是图书管理员在为期两年
A
的五校人种学研究中了解到的令人警醒的事实之一,该研究调查了学生如何看待和使用校园图
书馆。 事实上,对于大多数学生来说,图书管理员是一个学术专家,可以谈论作业并在研究过程
中牵着他们的手的这种想法是陌生的。 那些甚至有“图书管理员”这个词的人经常认为图书馆工
作人员只擅长指给他们看不同的书架。
) (伊利诺斯州学术图书馆人种学研究)项目包含伊利诺斯卫斯理大学、德保罗大
B ERIAL
学、伊利诺斯东北大学、伊利诺斯大学芝加哥分校和斯普林菲尔德分校进行的一系列研究。 图书
馆没有依靠调查,而是聘请了两名人类学家和他们自己的工作人员,通过开放式访谈和直接观察
等方法收集数据。 我们的目标是生成数据,而不是在统计上有显著意义但肤浅的数据,这些数据
将提供深刻的、主观的描述,说明学生、图书管理员和教授对这五所大学的图书馆和彼此的看法。
) 该研究中最令人担忧的发现或许也是最可预见的:在互联网时代,当涉及寻找和评估资
C
源时,学生们极度依赖互联网。 杜克和负责该项目的巴克内尔大学人类学教授安德鲁·阿舍写
道,在伊利诺斯卫斯理大学人类学家观察的 名学生中,只有 名“进行了图书管理员可能认为
30 7
执行得相当不错的搜索”。
) 在整个面试过程中,学生们提到谷歌 次———是其他数据库的两倍多。 谷歌在学生研
D 115
究中的普及是有案可查的,但伊利诺伊大学的研究人员发现了一些他们没有预料到的事情:学生
并不擅长使用谷歌。 他们对搜索引擎组织和显示结果的逻辑基本一无所知。 因此,学生们不知
道如何建立一个搜索,将返回好的资源。 “我认为它真的打破了‘数字原生代’的神话,”亚瑟说。
“仅仅因为你是在用谷歌搜索东西长大的,并不意味着你知道如何把谷歌作为一个好的研究
工具。”
129
· ·) 即使学生求助于更多的学术资源,也不一定能解决问题。 许多学生似乎很困惑,在一系
E
列图书馆的数据库中他们应该到哪里找到他们特定研究课题的来源。 而一半的人最终会误用图
书管理员“很可能永远不会为他们的课题推荐”的数据库。 例如,“学生们经常使用 ———在
JSTOR
学生访谈中第二常被提及的数据库,试图找到一个课题的当前研究,但没有意识到 没有访
JSTOR
问最近发表的文章的权利。”不出所料,使用这种方法的学生得到的搜索结果要么太多要么太少
了。 通常情况下,学生们会很沮丧,以至他们会把自己的研究课题改变成只需要简单的搜索(的
课题)。
) 杜克和亚瑟写道:“许多学生描述了在寻找资源时的焦虑和困惑的经历———这一观察似
F
乎在参与这项研究的五所院校的学生中普遍存在。”杜克和亚瑟指出,只有一个问题,“在搜索过
程中,学生们几乎完全没有兴趣向图书馆员寻求帮助。”在他们观察的所有学生中———他们中的
许多人努力寻找好的资料来源,到了绝望的地步———也没有一个人向图书管理员求助。
) 在另一项针对在另一项针对德保罗大学、伊利诺斯大学芝加哥分校和伊利诺斯东北大学
G
的学生的研究中,其他 研究人员推断出几个可能的原因。 最基本的是,学生们同样没有意
ERIAL
识到自己和别人一样是信息文盲。 还有一些人高估了自己的能力或知识。 另一个可能的原因是
学生们从他们熟悉和信任的来源寻求帮助,而他们不认识图书管理员。 许多人甚至不知道图书
管理员在那里是干什么的。 其他学生猜测图书管理员拥有更多研究型知识图书馆,但仍然认为
他们是光荣的引座员。
) 然而,研究人员并没有把责任完全归咎于学生。 图书馆员和教授也应该为学生和本应帮
H
助他们的图书馆工作人员之间的鸿沟负有部分责任, 研究人员说。 图书馆员与任何学生
ERIAL
的关系通常都是不明确的,而寻求帮助的学生通常会转向更合乎逻辑的来源,即给他们布置作业
的人———最终将为他们的作业评分的人。 由于图书馆员对学生的影响很小,他们在重塑学生习
惯方面只能做这么多。 他们需要教授的帮助。 不幸的是,教师可能对图书馆员的期望很低,因此
学生可能不会与图书馆员联系,也不明白为什么与图书馆员合作可能会有帮助。 另一方面,图书
管理员往往高估了一些学生的研究能力,这可能导致互动,让学生感到害怕和疏远。 一些教授也
有类似的假设,没有要求他们的学生在进行研究项目之前先去图书馆。 教授和图书管理员都倾
向于将研究过程的理想主义观点投射到学生身上,而这些学生往往不愿意或无法完成研究过程。
) 由于经济上的需要,现在许多学生投入研究的时间有限。 向学生展示池塘,然后把他们推
I
到深渊,更有可能培养绝望,而不是自力更生。 现在,学术图书馆员比以往任何时候都更应该寻
求“为读者节省时间”。 当然,在他们做到这一点之前,他们必须让学生主动寻求帮助。 “这意味
着要理解为什么学生不寻求帮助,并知道他们需要什么样的帮助,”图书管理员说。
) “这项研究深刻地改变了我对自己在大学中的角色的看法,也改变了我对学生的理解,”
J
的学术型图书管理员琳达·杜克说。 “这真的改变了我的生活。”
Illinois Wesleyan
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. F)
【精析】 题干中的
“asked a librarian for help when searching sources, even when they
130
· ·与 段材料最后一句
were in despair.” F “Of all the students they observed—many of whom
相
struggled to find good sources, to the point of despair—not one asked a librarian for help.”
匹配
。
[答案]
37. A)
【精析】 题干中的
“The librarians learned from a two-year, five-campus ethnographic
与 段材料前两句
study” A “Students rarely ask librarians for help, even when they need
it. This is one of the sobering truths the librarians have learned over the course of a two-year,
相匹配
five-campus ethnographic study examining” 。
[答案]
38. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料前两句
“did not realize their own information illiteracy.” G
“several possible reasons for this. The most basic was that students were just as unaware of
相匹配
the extent of their own information illiteracy as everyone else.” 。
[答案]
39. B)
【精析】 题干中的
“Open-ended interviews and direct observation were used in the ERIAL
与 段材料最后两句
project to make a deep and subjective report.” B “to collect data using
open-ended interviews and direct observation, among other methods. The goal was to generate
相匹配
data thatwould provide deep, subjective accounts of” 。
[答案]
40. H)
【精析】 题干中的
“Besides students, librarians and professors are also responsible for the
与 段材料前两句
gap between students and library employees” H “However, the researchers
did not place the blame solely on students. Librarians and professors are also partially to
相匹配
blame for the gulf that has opened between students and the library employees” 。
[答案]
41. C)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“Students rely heavily on the Internet” C “students
相匹配
are extremely Internet-dependent.” 。
[答案]
42. H)
【精析】 题干中的
“Professors fail to connect students to librarians, because they have low
与 段材料第六句
expectations for librarians.” H “Unfortunately, faculty may have low
expectations for librarians, and consequently students may not be connected to librarians or
相匹配
see why working with librarians may be helpful.” 。
[答案]
43. D)
【精析】 题干中的
“It surprised Illinois researchers that students were not good at using
与 段材料第二句
Google.” D “the Illinois researchers found something they did not expect:
相匹配
students were not very good at using Google.” 。
[答案]
44. I)
【精析】 题干中的
“Before librarians can realize the goal of ‘saving time for the reader’,
131
· ·与 段材料第三 四句
they first should get students to ask for help.” I 、 “academic librarians
should seek to ‘save time for the reader’. Before they can do that, of course, they will have
相匹配
to actually get students to ask for help.” 。
[答案]
45. E)
【精析】 题干中的
“Due to the absence of the newest articles, the frequently used database
与 段材料第三句
JSTOR does not necessarily help students solve their problems.” E “students
相匹配
regularly used JSTORnot realizing that JSTOR does not provide access” 。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
约翰·阿波罗斯是一名志愿者,他正在用老方法减肥———少吃东西。 过去 个月以来,阿波
8
罗斯每天摄入的热量比以往少了 。 脂肪消失了,这一点也不奇怪。 但阿波罗斯和其他参与
25%
这一项目的志愿者比以往少吃四分之一的真正原因可不是为了减肥。 项目的研究者正致力于探
究控制进食量是否能减缓衰老,延长寿命。 阿波罗斯说:“我感觉更好了,体重减轻了,更健康了。
但是如果少吃真可以长寿,那可就太神奇了。”
这种想法似乎不合常理:如果我们靠吃饭来维持生命,那么挨饿如何使我们延年益寿呢? 但
几十年来,热量控制研究已从微小的酵母到老鼠等各种生物体上证实了这一点。 去年 月,威斯
7
康星大学科研人员进行的一项长期研究发现,通过控制热量摄入,类人恒河猴的寿命似乎也得以
延长。 比起饱食终日的同类,那些吃不饱的恒河猴患糖尿病、心脏病、脑部疾病及癌症的概率大
大地降低了。
至少从 年起,科学家们就猜想热量控制能够延长动物的生命。 康奈尔大学的研究人员
1935
那时就注意到,与正常老鼠相比,被严格控制进食量的实验老鼠不仅更加健康,而且寿命是其两
倍。 其他研究者也开始了这方面的探索,他们又认识到延长寿命的奥秘并不仅仅是体重问题。
有理论认为,轻度饥饿的状态可以起到温和而又持续的刺激作用,可以使机体更加健壮,对
于衰老引起的疾病也更有抵抗力。 摄入更少的热量也减缓了新陈代谢速度。 一些数据显示,新
陈代谢缓慢的人活得更长。 然而,即使上述理论正确,仅仅明确了这一机制并不等于确定了隐藏
其后的分子途径。 倘若科研人员能确定分子途径,那就可以对热量控制的效果进行药理模拟,这
将是对热量研究的最终的好处。 加州大学的营养学家马克·海勒斯坦博士表示:“要想既能预防
疾病,又能延年益寿,控制热量摄入差不多是我们所知的唯一办法。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第一段第四 五句
John Apollos and other participants 、 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 由定位句可知 项目的研究者正致力于探究控制进食量是否能
。 ,
减缓衰老 延长寿命 故 证明少吃是否可以延长寿命 保持年轻 符合题意
, 。 C)“ , ” 。
132
· ·[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第二段第一句
“counterintuitive”(Line 1, Para. 2) 。
【精析】 语义理解题 由定位句可知 如果我们靠吃饭来维持生命 那么挨饿如何能使
。 , ,
我们延年益寿呢 由此可知 节食减肥会延长寿命看似是不合乎常理的 故 不合常
? , 。 A)“
规的 符合题意
” 。
[答案]
48. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第二段最后两句
rhesus monkeys 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 由定位句可知 研究人员发现 通过控制热量摄入 类人恒河猴
。 , , ,
的寿命似乎也得以延长 比起饱食终日的同类 那些吃不饱的恒河猴患糖尿病 心脏病
。 , 、 、
脑部疾病及癌症的概率大大地降低了 故选 控制热量摄入有助于帮人们减少疾病
。 B)“
的困扰
”。
[答案]
49. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第四段最后一句
Dr. Marc HellersteinJs words 。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位句可知 既能预防疾病又能延年益寿的方法就是控制热
。 ,
量摄入 故 有效的热量控制可以让我们更健康 活得更长久 符合题意
。 B)“ 、 ” 。
[答案]
50. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到全文
the main idea of this passage 。
【精析】 主旨大意题 纵观全文可知 有效地控制人体热量的摄入可以延长人的寿命
。 , 。
故 有效地控制热量可以使人更长寿 符合题意
B)“ ” 。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
如果你因整天坐办公室而担心体重和健康,那就多休息一下。
这是一项新研究得出的建议,该研究发现,久坐而不进行短暂休息的人患心脏病的危险要比
那些经常站一站、走一走的人高得多。
该研究的发起人写道,患心血管疾病的风险来自长时间久坐不动(例如:在办公室),表现为
腰部较粗、血压较高、身体炎症较多以及“良性”胆固醇水平较低。 而且,如此长时间不活动甚至
对那些常常去健身房锻炼的人也会产生负面影响。
“这些发现并不让人吃惊,”默里· ·米特尔曼博士说,他是贝丝·以色列·迪肯尼斯医疗
A
中心的心血管流行病学研究小组主任、波士顿哈佛公共卫生学院流行病学系副教授。
“实际上,卫生部部长报告建议个人在一天内要不断递增运动量。 这的确是与新的研究结果
相符的,”不是澳大利亚研究组成员的米特尔曼指出。
由吉尼维夫· ·海利领导的澳大利亚赫斯顿昆士兰大学的人口健康学院癌症预防与研究
N
中心小组在 月 日将他们的研究结果发表在了《欧洲心脏期刊》的网络版上。
1 12
“即使每天锻炼 到 分钟,你在一天余下的时间中所做的事情也可能对你的心血管健康
30 60
133
· ·很重要,”海利解释说。 “这项研究表明,哪怕一个人运动量的细微变化(细微到像有规律地站一
站)也有可能帮助降低患心血管疾病的风险。 这些变化随时都能融入一个人的日常生活中(包括
工作环境中)。 经常站一站,多动动,常动动,这可以作为口号帮助人们传递这一信息。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第二段
the advice from a new study 。
【精析】 推理判断题 要正确解答此题 需要弄清定位段中 指代的内容 不
。 , That 。 That
是指代后面的成分 而是指代第一段 因此可以得知 这里的建议就是第一段的内容
, 。 , 。
由此可知 整天坐着而又担心健康的人应该多一些短暂的休息 为正确答案
,C)“ ” 。
[答案]
52. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第三段第一句
the cardiovascular risk 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 由定位句可知 患心血管疾病的风险来自长时间的久坐不动
。 , 。
故 长时间不活动 符合题意
D)“ ” 。
[答案]
53. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第五段
Mittleman recommendation 。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位段可知 米特尔曼认为报告中提出的建议与研究结果是
。 ,
相符的 故 他认为建议与研究结果一致 符合文意
。 A)“ ” 。
[答案]
54. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到倒数第二段
the Cancer Prevention Research Center 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 由定位段可知 该小组将研究结果发表在了 欧洲心脏期刊 的
。 , 《 》
网络版上 由此可知 这个小组在网上发表了他们的研究成果 符合文意
。 ,C)“ ” 。
[答案]
55. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到最后一段
the last paragraph 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位段第二句指出 研究表明即使个人运动量的细微变化也有
。 ,
可能帮助降低患心血管疾病的风险 由此可知 人们应该经常锻炼以降低患心血管
。 ,B)“
疾病的风险 为正确答案
” 。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
Swimming is one of the sports favored by men and women, old and young. Domestic and foreign
researches have reached a consensus that ancient swimming originated from the ancient people who lived
near rivers, lakes and seas. They had to hunt water birds and fish as food in the water in order to
survive. Thus, through observing and imitating the movement of fish, frogs and other animals swimming
in the water, they gradually learnt how to swim. In all ages, swimming is a critical survival skill no
matter whether it is for hunting, escaping from wild animals, or self-rescue in a shipwreck.
134
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷(五)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
C B A D D B A C D B A A C B B
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
C A D A A D D C B C B L C K H
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
M I N D A G A H B I C I E J F
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C A B D C A B A D B
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
My View on Group Purchasing
In recent years, group purchasing has become increasingly popular in our life. However, in my
view, although it is cheaper and more convenient, we should be cautious when facing group
purchasing.
There are two main reasons why I say so. For one thing, you might lose more money on group
purchasing because you will buy something you don’t really need once you cannot resist the temptation
of the low price. That will turn into another way of wasting money although you intend to save
money. For another, the products of group purchasing are usually not of good quality as those sold at
the market price. Just as the old saying goes, you get what you pay for.
Therefore, don’t follow group purchasing hastily until you carefully consider what you really need
and the quality of the goods. Please keep an eye on your wallet.
【参考译文】
我对团购的看法
近年来,团购在我们的生活中已变得越来越流行。 然而,在我看来,尽管它更便宜、更方便,
但我们在面对团购时应该谨慎。
135
· ·我这么说的主要原因有两个。 首先,你可能会在团购上损失更多的钱,因为一旦你无法抗拒
低价的诱惑,你就会买一些你并不真正需要的东西。 尽管你打算省钱,但那将变成另一种浪费钱
的方式。 另一方面,团购的产品通常不如按市场价格出售的产品质量好。 正如一句老话所说,一
分价钱一分货。
因此,在你仔细考虑自己真正需要什么和商品质量之前,不要草率地跟随团购。 请看好你的
钱包。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
News Report One
【听力原文】
Falling global demand for personal computers(PC) saw shipments fall by a record 10.6% in the
fourth quarter from a year ago, according to market research firm IDC. About 71.9 million units were
shipped in the period, which includes the key Christmas shopping season. IDC said the decline was the
worst since it started tracking PC shipments. PC demand has been hit by competition from smartphones
and tablets, along with longer lifecycles for PCs. Shipments fell in all regions around the world and
have declined for five quarters in a row, according to IDC’s figures.
Rival research firm Gartner also said shipments were down. Using different methodology, it saw a
fall of 8.3% in the fourth quarter from a year ago. Other factors that contributed to the decline in
shipments included economic issues such as falling commodity prices, weaker currencies, as well as
social tensions in the Middle East.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. What has happened in the PC market recently according to IDC?
[答案]
C)
2. What factor is contributing to the current situation?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
根据市场研究公司 的数据,全球对个人电脑需求的下降导致第四季度的出货量同比下
IDC
降了创纪录的 。 这一时期的出货量约为 , 万台,其中包括关键的圣诞节购物季。
10. 6% 7 190
表示,这是其开始跟踪个人电脑出货量以来最严重的一次下降。 个人电脑的需求受到了来自
IDC
智能手机和平板电脑的竞争以及个人电脑生命周期延长的打击。 根据 的数据,全球所有地
IDC
区的出货量都有所下降,且已连续五个季度下降。
竞争对手 研究公司也表示出货量下降了。 使用不同的方法,它看到第四季度同比下
Gartner
降了 。 导致出货量下降的其他因素包括商品价格下跌、货币疲软等经济问题以及中东社会
8.3%
紧张。
136
· ·News Report Two
【听力原文】
As the holiday shopping season begins, hackers are trying to trick users into revealing their private
account information.
Amazon. com
Last week, hackers tried to trick users into handing over their passwords and user
names. The attempt to steal individual Amazon user names and passwords was a “phishing”
attack. Phishing tries to trick users into thinking that the request comes from the company.
In this case, hackers sent emails to Amazon account holders. The email lied and claimed that
2,592 Amazon account records were stolen. Customers were asked to verify account information in the
phishing email. The emails signature was signed as “Amazon Customer Support”.
Electronics and computer experts say deleting the email is an easy solution. Amazon says thieves
use hoax emails that look like they are from Amazon company accounts. Amazon says many phishing
emails contain misspelled words and bad grammar. The company says it never asks for personal
information, passwords or bank account numbers.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. What did some hackers attempt to do last week?
[答案]
A)
4. What is a good way to solve the problem according to some experts?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
随着假日购物季的开始,黑客们正试图诱骗用户泄露他们的私人账户信息。
上周,黑客试图欺骗亚马逊用户交出他们的密码和用户名。 窃取亚马逊个人用户名和密码
的企图是一次“网络钓鱼”攻击。 网络钓鱼试图诱骗用户认为请求来自该公司。
在这种情况下,黑客向亚马逊账户持有人发送了电子邮件。 这封电子邮件谎称 , 条亚
2 592
马逊账户记录被盗。 客户被要求验证钓鱼电子邮件中的账户信息。 电子邮件签名为“亚马逊客
户支持”。
电子和计算机专家表示,删除电子邮件是一个简单的解决方案。 亚马逊表示,窃贼使用的恶
作剧电子邮件看起来像是来自亚马逊公司账户。 亚马逊表示,许多网络钓鱼电子邮件都含有拼
写错误的单词和糟糕的语法。 该公司表示,它从不要求提供个人信息、密码或银行账号。
News Report Three
【听力原文】
India’ s capital Delhi is ending a two-week trial that imposed major restrictions on private
cars. Private cars with even and odd number plates were only allowed on alternate days during the
experiment, which began on the 1st of January. The initiative is meant to curb the city’ s air
137
· ·pollution. The trial took more than a third of the city’s three million private cars off the road, easing
congestion. However, it is not clear whether it has helped to bring down pollution.
Delhi has experienced hazardous levels of pollution this winter. The local government announced
the scheme after a court ordered authorities to tackle pollution levels which stood at more than 10 times
the World Health Organization’s safe limits. Authorities said the trial had resulted in a more than 50%
drop in air pollution primarily caused by vehicular traffic.
Emergency vehicles like ambulances, police cars, fire engines and taxis were exempt from the
campaign, and single women were also allowed to drive their cars every day. The government hired
private buses to provide shuttle services. Schools were shut during the trial so their buses could also be
used as public transport.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. What did Delhi try doing recently?
[答案]
D)
6. What is the purpose of this experiment?
[答案]
B)
7. Why were school buses used as public transport during the experiment?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
印度首都德里将结束为期两周的对私家车实施重大限制的试验。 在 月 日开始的试验中,
1 1
车牌号为偶数和奇数的私家车只允许隔日行驶。 这项倡议旨在遏制城市的空气污染。 该试验使
该市 万辆私家车中的三分之一以上停止上路,缓解了拥堵。 然而,目前尚不清楚它是否有助
300
于减少污染。
今年冬天,德里经历了危险程度的污染。 在一家法院命令当局解决污染水平是世界卫生组
织安全限值 倍以上的问题后,当地政府宣布了这一计划。 当局表示,该试验使主要由车辆通
10
行造成的空气污染减少了 以上。
50%
救护车、警车、消防车和出租车等急救车不受这场运动的影响,单身女性也可以每天开车。
政府雇用私人巴士提供班车服务。 试验期间,学校关闭,因此它们的巴士也可以用作公共交通
工具。
Section B
Conversation One
【听力原文】
W: Hey taxi!
M: Where to?
W: Well, I’m going to the National Museum of Art.
138
· ·M: Sure. No problem.
W: Excuse me. How long does it take to get there?
M: Well, it depends on the traffic, but it shouldn’t take more than twenty minutes for the average
driver. And I’m not average. I have driving down to an art, so we should be able to cruise
through traffic and get there at least eight minutes earlier.
W: Oh, and by the way, do you know what time the museum closes?
M: It’s half past four. This is your first time to the city, right?
W: Yeah. How did you know?
M: Well, you can tell tourists from a mile away in this city because they walk down the street
looking straight up at the skyscrapers.
W: Good for you! Can you recommend any good restaurants downtown that offer meals at a
reasonable price?
M: UmmThe Mexican restaurant. It’s not as expensive as other places I know, and the portions
are larger than most places I’ve been to.
W: Sounds great! How do I get there from the museum?
M: Well, there are buses running that way, but you would have to transfer a couple of times. And
there are taxis too, but they don’t run by the museum that often. So you’d better catch the
subway right outside the museum.
W: Okay. Thanks.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. How long does it take the man to get to the museum?
[答案]
C)
9. How does the man figure out the woman is a fresh visitor to the city?
[答案]
D)
10. What sort of restaurant does the man recommend?
[答案]
B)
11. What’s the personality of the man that we can infer from the conversation?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
女:嘿,出租车!
男:去哪里?
女:嗯,我要去国家艺术博物馆。
男:当然。 没问题。
女:对不起。 到那里需要多长时间?
139
· ·男:嗯,这取决于交通情况,但对普通司机来说,这不应该超过 分钟。 而且我不是普通司
20
机。 我开车很在行,所以我们应该能够在车流中穿行,至少提前八分钟到达那里。
女:哦,顺便问一下,你知道博物馆什么时候关门吗?
男:四点半。 这是你第一次来这个城市,对吧?
女:是的。 你怎么知道的?
男:好吧,这这座城市你可以从一英里外判定游客,因为他们走在街上,仰头直视着摩天
大楼。
女:你真行! 你能推荐市中心价格合理的好餐馆吗?
男:嗯……墨西哥餐馆。 它不像我所知道的其他地方那么贵,而且分量比我去过的大多数地
方都大。
女:听起来很棒! 我从博物馆怎么到那里?
男:嗯,那里有公共汽车,但你需要换乘几次。 还有出租车,但它们不经常在博物馆旁边行
驶。 所以你最好在博物馆外面搭地铁。
女:好的。 谢谢。
Conversation Two
【听力原文】
M: English Language Center. How may I help you?
W: Yes. I’m calling to find out more information about what kind of courses you offer.
M: Well, the purpose of our program is to provide language learning opportunities to students
whose goal is either to master basic functional language skills for his or her job, or to study
intensively to enter a US college or university.
W: What are your application deadlines for the next semester?
M: Well, we ask applicants to apply no later than two months before the semester begins. This
gives us time to process the application and issue the student’s I-20.
W: I-20?
M: Oh, an I-20 is a form that indicates that we are giving permission for the student to study in our
program, and then the student takes this form to the US embassy in his or her country to apply
for the F-1 student visa.
W: And are there other materials I need to send in addition to the application form?
＄
M: Yes. You need to send in a 35 application fee, a sponsorship form indicating who will be
responsible financially for the student while studying in our program, and a bank statement
showing that you or your sponsor has sufficient funds to cover tuition expenses and living costs
for the entire year of study.
W: Alright. I think that’s about it. Thank you!
M: No problem.
140
· ·Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What’s the purpose of the program in the center?
[答案]
A)
13. Why does the center ask students to apply for the program early?
[答案]
C)
14. What is the I-20?
[答案]
B)
15. What is regarded as the priority by the center besides the application form?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
男:英语语言中心。 我能帮你什么忙?
女:是的。 我打电话是想了解更多关于你们提供哪类课程的信息。
男:嗯,我们项目的目的是给那些目标是为工作而掌握基本的功能性语言技能,或者为进入
美国学院或大学而强化学习的学生提供语言学习机会。
女:你们下学期的申请截止日期是什么?
男:噢,我们要求申请人最迟在学期开始前两个月提出申请。 这让我们有时间处理申请并发
放学生的 。
I-20
女: ?
I-20
男:哦, 是一种表格,表明我们允许学生在我们的项目中学习,然后学生拿着这份表格到
I-20
他或她的国家的美国大使馆申请 学生签证。
F-1
女:除了申请表之外,我还需要寄其他材料吗?
男:是的。 你需要提交 美元的申请费、一份表明谁将为学生在我们的项目学习期间承担
35
经济责任的赞助表,以及一份表明你或你的赞助人有足够资金支付整个学习年度的学费
和生活费的银行对账单。
女:好的。 我想就这样了。 谢谢!
男:不客气。
Section C
Passage One
【听力原文】
Here’s a parable of two young children and a white-bearded wise man that lived alone in the
mountains. The man was highly respected by the local residents; however, the two young children just
shrugged it off. One day, the kids, intending to test this man, decided to play a joke on him to see his
so-called wisdom. This was their marvelous plan. They would catch a small bird, put their hands
behind their back and ask the man if the bird was dead or alive. If the wise man says the bird is alive,
they will crush it. If the wise man says it is dead, they can let it live. So having captured the bird they
141
· ·went to the mountains to find the wise man. When they finally came across him, one of the youngsters
laughed and asked, “Hi, wise man, can you tell us whether the bird I am holding in my hands is dead
or alive?” To their surprise, the wise man just smiled and responded, “Young boys, the future of the
bird is in your hands.” There are many extremely smart people around that can grasp many issues at
once. Perhaps the guy sitting next to you always mentions something that you didn’t think about or
something that at the last minute made you change your mind about the resolution of a case under
discussion. So be ethical, be respectful, be smart and it is your opportunity to really make a difference
in the world.
Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What did the children think of the man?
[答案]
C)
17. What was the purpose of the children’s plan?
[答案]
A)
18. What does the man’s response imply?
[答案]
D)
19. What lesson does the parable tell us?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
这是一个关于两个年幼的孩子和一个独自生活在山里的白胡子智者的寓言。 这个人受到当
地居民的高度尊重;然而,两个年幼的孩子对此不屑一顾。 有一天,孩子们打算测试这个人,决定
和他开个玩笑,看看他所谓的智慧。 这是他们的绝妙计划。 他们会抓一只小鸟,把手放在背后,
问那个人这只鸟是死是活。 如果智者说这只鸟还活着,他们就会把它压碎。 如果智者说它死了,
他们可以让它活着。 所以,他们抓住了这只鸟后,就去山上寻找智者。 当他们终于遇到他时,其
中一个少年笑着问:“嗨,智者,你能告诉我们我手里拿着的鸟是死是活吗?”令他们惊讶的是,智
者只是笑着回答:“少年,这只鸟的未来掌握在你们手中。”周围有很多非常聪明的人,他们可以同
时理解许多问题。 也许坐在你旁边的人总是提到一些你没有想过的事情,或者在最后一刻让你
改变了对正在讨论的案件解决方案的想法的事情。 所以,要有道德,要尊重,要聪明,这是你真正
改变世界的机会。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
With its fast food restaurants, churches and strip malls, this city in southeast Florida looks like
much of America. But on a sunny day last month, city official Hector Castro talked about its
resemblance to Italy’s slowly sinking Venice. “At some point in the future, some places may be
uninhabitable,” said Castro. “Maybe people could live in the top part of buildings. But what do you do
about the roads?” These predictions about an underwater city may sound horrible, but officials here say
142
· ·they are already changing infrastructure with climate change in mind. Recent storms hit the 4.4-square-
mile city to such a degree that some homes were abandoned for the first time. It was the kind of heavy
rainfall that could become more frequent with climate change, even though scientists say no weather
event can be tied to warming temperatures. Simultaneously, the city’s freshwater supply is being
contaminated by saltwater intrusion—a problem that was not created by climate change, but that is
＄
likely being accelerated by it. So city officials are spending some 16 million to move the city’s entire
drinking supply to the west to get out of the way of the ocean. It is a temporary fix for a problem that is
projected to get worse as time goes on. There may be limits on how much to protect the city from
flooding and saltwater intrusion with existing technologies. No one knows how long serious trouble will
come—it could be 30 years or so, or it could be later.
Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.
20. In what aspect does the city in Florida resemble Venice in Italy?
[答案]
A)
21. How do the local governments react to the city’s sinking?
[答案]
D)
22. What does the speaker say about the city’s freshwater supply?
[答案]
D)
【参考译文】
这座位于佛罗里达州东南部的城市拥有快餐店、教堂和购物中心,看起来像美国的大部分地
区。 但在上个月一个阳光明媚的日子里,市政府官员赫克托·卡斯特罗谈到了它与意大利缓慢
下沉的威尼斯的相似之处。 卡斯特罗说:“在未来的某个时刻,有些地方可能无法居住。”“也许人
们可以住在建筑物的顶部。 但道路怎么办?”这些关于水下城市的预测听起来可能很可怕,但这
里的官员表示,考虑到气候变化他们已经在改变基础设施。 最近的风暴袭击了这座 平方英
4.4
里的城市,严重到一些房屋首次被遗弃。 这种强降雨可能会随着气候变化而变得更加频繁,尽管
科学家们表示,没有任何天气事件与气温变暖有关。 与此同时,该市的淡水供应正受到盐水入侵
的污染———这个问题不是由气候变化造成的,但很可能会因此而加速。 因此,市政府官员正在花
费约 , 万美元,将该市的全部饮用水供应转移到西部,以避开海洋。 这是一个暂时的解决方
1 600
案,随着时间的推移,这个问题预计会变得更糟。 现有技术保护城市免受洪水和盐水入侵的程度
有限。 没有人知道严重的麻烦会持续多久———可能是 年左右,也可能是更晚。
30
Passage Three
【听力原文】
Crazed doggy parents will eagerly tell you that their dogs are able to understand and communicate,
and are surely capable of basic levels of human cognition. It turns out that these doggy parents may not
be so crazy after all. Dogs, like human babies, read our facial expressions. They don’t just rely on
verbal cues to ascertain what humans want. They also use eye contact to anticipate our desires. In a
143
· ·recent study, the dogs were shown a video of a woman who would call them, stare straight at them to get
their attention, and then look down at an object beside her. Then the dogs were shown a second video
in which the woman would silently turn her head and stare at the object without ever making direct eye
contact. In most cases, the dogs followed the woman’s gaze in the first video. In the second video, in
which she made no direct eye contact, the dogs didn’t follow her gaze. Similar experiments have been
conducted with babies, and 6-month-old infants exhibited the same behavior as the dogs. Experts think
it’s a trait that the animals developed as they worked and bonded with generations of humans. Dogs
have evolved to sharing their lives with humans, and they gained new skills that support their social
interaction with humans. This should reinforce that if we want our dogs’ attention, we should be clear
about it. For those people who talk to their dog in a baby-talk voice, they should keep it up.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
23. What does the speaker say about crazed doggy parents?
[答案]
C)
24. What do we learn from the study?
[答案]
B)
25. How do dogs learn to interact with humans according to some experts?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
疯狂的狗父母会急切地告诉你,他们的狗能够理解和交流,并且肯定能够达到人类的基本认
知水平。 事实证明,这些狗父母可能并没有那么疯狂。 狗和人类婴儿一样,能读懂我们的面部表
情。 它们不只是依靠言语暗示来确定人类想要什么。 他们还通过眼神交流来预测我们的欲望。
在最近的一项研究中,给这些狗看了一段视频,视频中一位女士会叫它们,直视它们以引起它们
的注意,然后低头看旁边的物体。 然后,狗狗们又看了一段视频,在视频中,这名女士会默默地转
过头来盯着物体,而从不进行直接的眼神交流。 在大多数情况下,在第一个视频中,狗会跟随这
位女士的目光。 在第二段视频中,她没有进行直接的眼神交流,狗也没有跟随她的目光。 对婴儿
进行了类似的实验, 个月大的婴儿表现出与狗相同的行为。 专家认为,这是这些动物在与几代
6
人一起工作和建立关系的过程中养成的一种特征。 狗已经进化到与人类共享生活,它们获得了
支持自己与人类社交的新技能。 这应该强调,如果我们想引起狗的注意,我们应该清楚这一点。
对那些用婴儿说话的声音和狗说话的人来说,他们应该坚持下去。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
“如果你大笑,世界会和你一起笑;如果你哭泣,你会独自哭泣。”诗人埃拉·惠勒·威尔科克
斯这样写道。 情绪具有感染力,大多数人都会凭直觉寻找积极的情绪,避开消极的情绪。 然而,
那些患有抑郁症的人不在此列。 抑郁症患者会误解面部情绪信号,在别人看到满足的地方发现
144
· ·悲观和失望。
我们通常很擅长解读别人脸上所表达的情绪,至少当涉及如快乐、悲伤和愤怒等基本情绪时
是如此。 我们解读那些与我们互动的人的情绪,并调节自己的情绪作为回应。 毕竟,如果我们的
情绪不同步,我们就不能和别人有效地合作。 在派对上哭泣很可能会让别人对你避之不及,在葬
礼上大笑也会如此。 你必须为某个场合表达出正确的情绪。
面部情绪表情是与生俱来的,但是我们可以假装或抑制它们。 即使你情绪低落,你也可能决
定在聚会上摆出一副开心的表情,只是为了和睦相处。 因为其他人会对你的积极表情做出反应,
你可能也会开始感觉好起来。
然而,当我们陷入抑郁的时候;我们与生俱来的解读别人面部情绪表情的能力就会减弱。 抑
郁的人仍然可以解读明显的快乐或悲伤的表情,但是当其他人表现出模棱两可的情感时,问题就
出现了。 出现模棱两可的情感可能是因为对方试图抑制自己的情绪,或者因为他们不确定他们
此刻的感受。
【答案精析】
名词 间隔 休息 条件 状况 接触 联系 假货 冒
:D) breaks , ; E) condition , ; F) contact , ; I) fake ,
充者 功能 场景 重大场合
; J) functions ; M) occasion ,
动词 出现 发生 避免 失败 出故障 联
:A) arises , ; B) avoiding ; D) breaks down , ; F) contact
系 假装 伪造 运转 起作用 交流 互动
; I) fake , ; J) functions , ; K) interacting , ; L) misread
误解 误读 做出反应
, ; N) respond
形容词 基本的 基础的 致命的 伪造的 重大的
:C) basic , ; G) deadly ; I) fake ; O) significant
副词 非常 有效地 实际上
:G) deadly ; H) effectively ,
[答案]
26. B) avoiding
【精析】 引导状语从句作 当 的时候 讲时 如果主句和从句的主语一致 且
while “ …… ” , ,
从句谓语中含有 动词 则从句有时可以省略主语和 动词 后可以直接跟现在
be , be , while
分词 过去分词 介词短语等 本句意为 情绪具有感染力 大多数人凭直觉寻找积极的
、 、 。 , ,
情绪 消极的情绪 在此处有对比的作用 因此应填入 的反义词
, 。 while , seek out 。
在备选项中 意思是 避免 符合句意 故本题答案为
,avoiding “ ”, , B) avoiding。
[答案]
27. L) misread
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空格前 是 形容词 结构 此处指一类
, The depressed “the + ” ,
人 为句子的主语 空格后 是宾语 因此应填入动词作谓语 本句意
, , emotional facial cues , 。
为 抑郁症患者 面部表情信号 在别人看到满足的地方发现悲观和失望 由
, , 。
引导的伴随状语可知 抑郁的人对面部情绪信号的解读有误 因此本题答案为
finding , ,
L) misread。
[答案]
28. C) basic
【精析】 空格前面有定冠词 后面有名词 因此本空很可能填入形容词修饰
the, emotions,
本句意为 我们通常很擅长解读别人脸上所表达的情绪 至少当涉及如快乐
emotions。 , , 、
145
· ·悲伤 愤怒等 情绪时是如此 因为本空前面有 说明这是最基本的情形
、 。 at least, ,
而且由空格后面所列举的几种情绪也可以看出这些都是最基本的情绪 因此本空答案为
,
C) basic。
[答案]
29. K) interacting
【精析】 本空处于定语从句 中 先行词是 而定语从句中
we’re with , those。 we
是主语 因此应填入能与 搭配的形容词或动词的 形式 本句意为 我们解读那
, with -ing 。 ,
些与我们 的人的情绪 并调节自己的情绪作为回应 结合本段大意可知 我们
, 。 ,
在与其他人交往时 要让自己的情绪与他人的情绪保持一致 因此本空应填入含有 互
, 。 “
动 交流 含义的词 在备选项中只有 符合语义和语法要求 因此答案为
、 ” , interacting ,
K) interacting。
[答案]
30. H) effectively
【精析】 本空所在的句子结构完整 而且本空位于谓语动词后面 应填入副词修饰动
, ,
词 本句意为 毕竟 如果我们的情绪不同步 我们就不能和别人 合作 前一句
。 , , , 。
提到 我们在与他人互动时要保持情绪一致 本句从反面对此作进一步说明 由此可推
, 。 。
断 本空填入的副词是强调合作的程度 而且是有正面含义的 备选项中 虽然有
, , 。 deadly
非常 的意思 但是它一般强调的是不好的 不可取的特点 因此本题答案为
“ ” , 、 , H)
effectively。
[答案]
31. M) occasion
【精析】 本空前有介词 冠词 和形容词 因此应填入名词作宾语 本句意
for、 a certain, 。
为 你必须为某个 表达出正确的情绪 结合前一句 在派对上哭泣可能会让别
, 。 ,
人对你避之不及 在葬礼上大笑也会如此 本句是对前一句的总结 即在某个特定的场
, 。 ,
合要表达恰当的情绪 因此本空要填入有 场合 含义的名词 故答案为
。 “ ” , M) occasion。
[答案]
32. I) fake
【精析】 本空前有情态动词 因此应填入动词原形 本句意为 面部情绪表情是与
can, 。 ,
生俱来的 但是我们可以 或抑制它们 下一句举例解释本句 即使你情绪低落
, 。 , ,
你也可能决定在聚会上假装高兴 以融入其中 由此可知 我们能够在情绪上作假 因此
, 。 , ,
本空答案为
I) fake。
[答案]
33. N) respond
【精析】 本空前有主语 后面是介词 加宾语 因此应填入动词作谓语 本句意
others, to , 。
为 因为其他人 你的积极表情 你可能也会开始感觉好起来 由第二段可知 人
, , 。 ,
们会对与之互动的人的情绪做出反应 并相应地调节自己的情绪 由此可推断 本空应
, 。 ,
填入含有 做出反应 含义的动词 因此答案为
“ ” , N) respond。
[答案]
34. D) breaks
【精析】 空格所在句的主语是 后面是不定式短语作后置定语
Our natural ability, ,down
在此处是副词 因此应填入动词作谓语 本句意为 然而 当我们陷入抑郁时 我们与生
, 。 , , ,
146
· ·俱来的解读别人面部情绪表情的能力 第一段指出 抑郁的人会错误地解读面
。 ,
部情绪信号 不能正确识别情绪 由此可知 在抑郁时 这种能力会出现问题 因此所填
, 。 , , 。
动词应与 构成词组 且含有 出故障 失败 等含义 故答案为
down , “ 、 ” , D) breaks。
[答案]
35. A) arises
【精析】 空格前的 是主语 因此应填入动词作谓语 本句意为 抑郁的人仍然
a problem , 。 ,
可以解读明显的快乐或悲伤的表情 但是当其他人表现出模棱两可的情感时 问
, ,
题 由此可知 空格所在的后半句与前半句形成转折 也就是说抑郁的人不能
。 , ,
准确识别模棱两可的情绪 因此会产生问题 所以本题答案为
, 。 A)arises。
Section B
【参考译文】
论食品安全,清单长但钱少
) 今年夏天出现了一些与食物有关的疾病。 含有大肠杆菌的草莓在俄勒冈州造成 人死
A 1
亡,至少 人患病。 被沙门氏菌污染的进口木瓜导致全国 多人中毒,其中 人死亡。 国会去
9 200 1
年十二月份通过的具有里程碑意义的食品安全法本应降低食品安全问题的发生频率和严重程
度,但近来病例的出现强调了这项任务的重要性。
) “这是一项艰巨的任务,”美国食品药品监督管理局负责食品的副局长迈克·泰勒说,他
B
的工作是将这项影响深远的法律转变为一套连贯的农民、食品加工商和出口商能够遵守,监管机
构也能够执行的规则。 在华盛顿州削减预算意味着监管机构几乎没有希望获得额外资金,反而
可能被国会削减预算之际,该机构正承担着巨大的任务。 泰勒说,他们没有资源来贯彻这项法
律。 “我们的选择是要么找到资源,要么放弃实施这项法律。 没有资源,你就无法构建全新的
东西。”
) 该机构目前正在制定食品安全条例,目标是防止爆发类似今年夏天的疫情。 最复杂的工
C
作之一是为农民制定安全种植和收获水果和蔬菜的标准。 农场规则的初稿将于明年初出台。 该
机预计将建立一些基本设施,如田间工人的洗手站、灌溉水试验(系统)以及保护田地免受被细菌
感染的野生动物侵害的措施。
) 然而,这些标准必须考虑到各种各样的作物、农业实践和农场规模。 因为该机构此前对
D
美国农场来说从来不是一个重要的存在,所以这项任务显得更加棘手。
) 一年半以来,早在国会通过食品安全法之前,泰勒先生就访问了全国各地的农民,试图缓
E
解他们(以为)大批食品安全官员会涌进他们的田地,告诉他们如何工作的担忧。 最近,他参观了
长岛,在那里,他缓缓走过位于布鲁克海文的鲍勃·诺兰的 英亩 生菜农场的沙地。
30 Deer Run
诺兰说,他最初对新法律感到焦虑,但现在急于帮助该机构为农场主服务。 几名参与起草农场规
则的机构员工也加入了泰勒的行列,诺兰告诉他们,他希望这次访问能帮助他们更好地了解农场
是如何运作的。
) 随着时间的推移,美国食品药品监督管理局任务的复杂性变得越来越明显。 在第二站,
F
里弗黑德的一个土豆农场,场主吉米·齐尔尼基说,他对政府的期望知之甚少。 他说:“我们只是
147
· ·想弄清楚食品安全到底是怎么回事。”此外,他辩称,土豆是一种安全的作物,他质疑是否值得将
其纳入食品安全条例。 泰勒先生告诉他,美国食品药品监督管理局的工作是将大部分努力集中
在食品安全风险最大的地方。
) 第三站是里弗黑德的一个 英亩的有机农场,该农场由伊芙·卡普兰·沃尔布莱希特
G 65
和她的丈夫克里斯经营。 他们种植的作物种类繁多,其中大部分通过农贸市场和收购俱乐部直
接卖给顾客。 为了食品安全,他们也进行了代价高昂的改进,包括建造了一个有混凝土地板、水
处理系统、浴室和冷藏库的大型加工厂。 新法律免除了平均年销售额低于 万美元的小型农
50
场,并将其大部分卖给了当地客户。 但卡普兰·沃尔布莱希特女士说,她的农场盈利很多,不符
合豁免条件。 她担心新法律可能会成为小农场主的负担,要么会增加文书工作,要么不管束对农
场运作方式知之甚少的监管机构。
) 尽管农场主们担心这些规定过于严厉,但食品安全倡导者担心,预算削减可能会使这项
H
法律失去效力。 国会预算办公室表示,美国食品药品监督管理局将需要数亿美元的新资金来执
行这项法律,而泰勒获得这项资金的可能性似乎很小。 共和党控制的众议院通过了一项预算,该
预算基本上取消了美国食品药品监督管理局的新资金。 民主党控制的参议院尚未提出自己的议
案。 但支持者担心,根据债务上限协议提议削减的新国会超级委员会可能会进一步减少该机构
的资金。
) 预算冻结或削减将对新法律要求的雄心勃勃的多加视察产生最大影响,新法律每年都
I
在(要求)加强检查。 前美国食品药品监督管理局副局长、现为食品安全顾问的大卫· ·艾奇
W
逊说:“制定规则的成本很低,但执行规则的成本很高。”“这将对公众健康产生影响,因为执行达
不到他们想要的程度。”该机构已经表示,如果没有大量新资金,几年后将无法进行法律要求的成
千上万次的外国食品检测。 增加国内(食品)检查也将很困难。 美国食品药品监督管理局约有
, 名检查员接受过视察食品机构的培训,但他们中的大多数人也会检查药品和医疗器械设
1 000
施。 雇用新的检查员或对现有检查员进行再培训成本高昂。
) 到目前为止,泰勒先生因推行新法律而赢得了赞扬。 美国消费者协会的食品政策专家卡
J
罗尔· ·塔克·福尔曼说:“我从来没有见过该机构如此热情地对待任何事情。”但她担心,如果
L
没有更高的预算,该机构会走捷径。 法律要求对风险最高的设施进行最频繁的检查,塔克·福尔
曼女士质疑该机构是否会简单地将以更少的操作检查高风险(设施),以使其工作更容易。 泰勒
说,这种情况不会发生。 他说:“我们不会玩弄体制。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. G)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段
“Ms. Kaplan worried the new law could burden small farmers” G
材料最后两句
“Ms. Kaplan Walbrechtworried that the new law could become a burden
相匹配
for small farmers” 。
[答案]
37. A)
【精析】 题干中的
“In order to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems”
148
· ·与 段材料最后一句
A “is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety
相匹配
problems” 。
[答案]
38. H)
【精析】 题干中的
“Food safety advocates concern that the budget cuts will make the law
与 段材料第一句
lack” H “food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could render the
相匹配
law toothless.” 。
[答案]
39. B)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“has no enough money to implement the food safety law.” B
倒数第三句 相匹配
“didn’t have resources to implement the law.” 。
[答案]
40. I)
【精析】 题干中的
“The budget freeze or cuts would have the most influence on the
与 段材料第一句
increasing inspections.” I “The budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest
相匹配
impact on the ambitious increase in inspections” 。
[答案]
41. C)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“to cope with the basic food safety problems.” C
“to deal with basics like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water
相匹配
and measures to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteria.” 。
[答案]
42. I)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段
“the foreign food inspections won’t be able to be enforced” I
材料第四句 相
“won’t be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections”
匹配
。
[答案]
43. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“Mr. Taylor visited farmers around the country.” E
相匹配
“Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the country” 。
[答案]
44. J)
【精析】 题干中的
“The most frequent inspectionsare operated on the riskiest facilities.”
与 段材料第四句
J “The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities”
相匹配
。
[答案]
45. F)
【精析】 题干中的 与
“whether it was necessary to include potatoes in food safety rules.”
段材料第四句
F “potatoes were a safe cropwhether it was worth including them in food
相匹配
safety rules.” 。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
我们大多数人都很信任自己的医生,即使当他们递给我们一个我们自己都叫不出名字的药
物处方时也是如此。 但是如今,天然、全面的产品变得十分流行,以及说到一些晦涩的治疗方法
149
· ·时,互联网为非专业人士提供了途径,使他们知道的东西和他们的全科医生一样多,甚至更多。
多特瑞国际公司的健康倡导者丹妮尔·哈迪说:“现在人们越来越想自己掌控自己的健康。”
奇怪的是,就在不久以前,哈迪还不是这样的人。 她最初了解精油是在给她的宠物牛头犬做
护理时。 在脸书上寻求治疗生病宠物的建议后,一位同样养牛头犬的人告诉哈迪,她可以尝试在
动物的皮肤上涂抹某种精油。 带着好奇心及健康上的怀疑,哈迪深入研究了这些精油的安全性。
她说:“我非常满意自己的发现,我开始不仅仅将它们用在我养的狗上,还用在我们儿子的身上,
他也需要调理一下呼吸问题。”牛头犬明显很快就恢复了,对她儿子的好处也几乎立竿见影。
此处所谈及的“油”之所以是“精油”,并不是因为任何已经得到验证的活力,而是因为它们包
含从植物中提取的精华。 在如今市场上,薄荷、薰衣草和柑橘是最为常见的,但是几个世纪以来,
我们已经使用了大量的精油。
在见证了这种浓缩液体对她的儿子和宠物狗的益处后,哈迪很快投身到讲授精油的课程中。
“我对它有一种强烈的感受,我要分享它,”她说。 她的课程规模和地理范围迅速扩大,哈迪很快
就成为多特瑞国际公司的一位倡导者。 多特瑞是一家天然营养和健康公司。
随着精油的日益流行,它的市场也随之扩大,哈迪建议对此感兴趣的顾客在质量和纯度方面
要谨慎。 哈迪相信,高质量精油的理疗效果是帮助它们流行起来的根基。 她强调说:“我并不是
一个整体健康专家,我只是亲眼见证了它神奇的功效。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第一段最后一句
attitude health and wellness 。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位句及其所在段落可知 如今天然 全面的产品变得十分流
。 , 、
行 多特瑞国际公司的健康倡导者丹妮尔 哈迪说 现在人们越来越想自己掌控自己
。 · :“
的健康 由此可推知 现在人们想要掌控自己的健康 可见人们对自然理疗方法持肯定
。” , ,
态度 乐于用这种方法来调理自身的健康 故答案为
, , C)。
[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第二段第
Hardee the suggestions about oils on Facebook
三 四句
、 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位句指出 在脸书上寻治疗生病宠物的建议后 一位同样养牛
。 , ,
头犬的人告诉哈迪 她可以尝试在动物的皮肤上涂抹某种精油 带着好奇心及健康上的
, 。
怀疑 哈迪深入研究了这些精油的安全性 由此可见 她并不是盲目地接受别人的建议
, 。 , ,
而是做了大量的研究来调查其安全性 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
48. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段第一句
those oils “essential” 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位句指出 此处所谈及的 油 之所以是 精油 并不是因为任
。 , “ ” “ ”,
何已经得到验证的活力 而是因为它们包含从植物中提取的精华 由此可见 之所以被
, 。 ,
称为 精油 是因为它们提取自植物的精华 故答案为
“ ”, , B)。
150
· ·[答案]
49. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第四段第一句
probable effect 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位句指岀 在见证了这种浓缩液体对她的儿子和宠物狗的益
。 ,
处后 哈迪很快投身到讲授精油的课程中 由此可见 精油对人类的身体是有良好的调
, 。 ,
理功效的 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
50. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到最后一段第一句
Hardee’s suggestion curious customers 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句指出 随着精油的日益流行 它的市场也随之扩大 哈迪
。 , , ,
建议对此感兴趣的顾客在质量和纯度方面要谨慎 由此可推知 精油的质量与纯度不
。 ,
一 所以消费者要有自己的分辨能力 挑选那些质量好 纯度高的精油 故答案为
, , 、 , C)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
加利福尼亚州一位联邦法官驳回了一项对可口可乐公司的控诉,该控诉指出,健怡可乐误导
消费者,让他们认为这款饮料会帮助他们减肥。
提出控诉的人名叫莎娜·贝塞拉,她说她之所以购买并饮用健怡可乐,是因为她相信健怡可
乐有助于减肥以及健康的体重管理。 她指控健怡可乐起到了相反的作用,她援引了一些研究,声
称这些研究表明,像在健怡可乐中使用的那些毫无营养价值的甜味剂导致体重上升以及患某些
疾病的风险增加。
尽管可口可乐公司针对这项诉讼的辩护并不充分,威廉·阿尔苏普法官还是认为原告无法
证明消费者有可能受到该广告的欺骗。
阿尔苏普驳回这个案子的原因是贝塞拉没能达到“公众成员们有可能受到欺骗”这一要求。
“在超市里,健怡可乐与常规的软饮料摆放在一起,而不是在健康食品区售卖。 理性的消费者应
该能够明白,健怡可乐只不过是减少了常规可乐里的卡路里,而卡路里的减少会减轻体重仅仅是
基于个人新陈代谢的整体理性饮食和锻炼养生法中的一部分,”阿尔苏普在判决中这样说道。
阿尔苏普认为,贝塞拉所援引的研究表明了健怡可乐类型的饮料与体重增加之间的关联,却
没有表明因果关系。 他补充道,其中的一个研究甚至认为体重的增加“取决于消费者的行为,而
非没有营养的甜味剂的作用。”阿尔苏普还否决了健怡可乐广告暗示消费者软饮料能够减重的观
点,因为“理性的消费者明白,广告都是用健康、有吸引力的消费者做主演来享用主题产品,而不
会用不健康、身材走样的人做主演。”
周二的判决表明,原告必须在 月 日之前提出动议来修改控诉。 可口可乐公司的一位发
3 22
言人声称,他们对法院驳回原告无根据的控诉这一事实感到满意。
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第一段
the lawsuit against 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位段指出 加利福尼亚州一位联邦法官驳回了一项对可口可
。 ,
151
· ·乐公司的控诉 该控诉指出 健怡可乐误导消费者 让他们认为这款饮料会帮助他们减
, , ,
肥 由此可见 这项控诉是说可口可乐公司旗下的一款产品 健怡可乐 有误导消费者
。 , ( )
的嫌疑 这与 项描述一致 故答案为
, A) , A)。
[答案]
52. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第二段最后一句
the side effects of sweeteners 。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位句指出 贝塞拉指控健怡可乐起到了相反的作用 她援引了
。 , ,
一些研究 声称这些研究表明 像在健怡可乐中使用的那些毫无营养价值的甜味剂导致
, ,
体重上升以及患某些疾病的风险增加 由此可见 贝塞拉认为甜味剂增加了人们的体重
。 ,
以及患病的潜在可能性 故答案为
, B)。
[答案]
53. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段及第四段第
Judge William Alsup dismiss the charge
一句
。
【精析】 细节辨认题 定位部分指出 尽管可口可乐公司针对这项诉讼的辩护并不充
。 ,
分 威廉 阿尔苏普法官还是认为原告无法证明消费者有可能受到该广告的欺骗 没有
, · ,
达到 公众成员们有可能受到欺骗 这一要求 由此可见 法官之所以驳回上诉是因为
“ ” 。 ,
证据不足 故答案为
, A)。
[答案]
54. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第四段第三句
Alsup lose weight with Diet Coke 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句指出 阿尔苏普法官认为 理性的消费者应该能够明白
。 , , ,
健怡可乐只不过是减少了常规可乐里的卡路里 而卡路里的减少会减轻体重仅仅是基于
,
个人新陈代谢的整体理性饮食和锻炼养生法中的一部分 由此可见 根据法官的观点
。 , ,
调整饮食和加强锻炼才会减重 故答案为
, D)。
[答案]
55. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到最后一
Coca-Cola company’s attitude the Judge’s decision
段第二句
。
【精析】 观点态度题 定位句指出 可口可乐公司的一位发言人声称 他们对法院驳回
。 , ,
原告无根据的控诉这一事实感到满意 由此可见 可口可乐公司对于案件被驳回这一判
。 ,
定是比较满意的 故答案为
, B)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
Skating had already come into being in China as early as the Song Dynasty when it was not named
skating but “ice play”. Ice play includes varied kinds of events such as speed skating, figure skating
and acrobatic skating. Skating not only can strengthen the body’s balance ability and flexibility, but
also has a pretty good effect on weight loss. When running around freely on the ice, you can gain both
a relaxed mood and the fun of integrating into nature.
152
· ·大学英语四级考试绝密押题试卷(六)
题号
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
D C D C A A C B A D B B D B A
题号
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
C D A C A C D B B D N M E O C
题号
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
答案
B L J K A C E L G J F K I D H
题号
46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
答案
C A B D C C D B A C
Part Writing
Ⅰ
【高分范文】
Too Many Burdens to Bear
As is illustrated in the picture, the newborn baby is expected to learn to walk, speak and read at
12 months old, an age when babies can barely make meaningful utterances. This picture vividly shows
that fierce competition in modern time is imposing heavier and heavier burdens on children, who are
now deprived of the right to enjoy a carefree childhood.
It is not difficult to observe the heavy pressures imposed on children nowadays. The time has come
to change our philosophy of education. In the first place, too many pressures are likely to twist
children’s mental health, which is definitely detrimental to their long-term development. In the second
place, readiness to learn should be prioritized over other factors in that interest is the most potent
driving force to learn. One is more likely to succeed when he is motivated than when he is forced to
learn.
It is true that children should start learning at an early age to keep pace with their peers.
Nonetheless, they should not bear excessive pressures, which will hinder their growth.
【参考译文】
承受太多的负担
如图所示,人们期望新生儿在 个月大的时候学会走路、说话和阅读,这个年龄的婴儿几乎
12
不能说出有意义的话语。 这幅图画生动地说明,现代社会激烈的竞争给孩子们带来了越来越重
153
· ·的负担,他们如今被剥夺了享受无忧无虑的童年的权利。
不难看出现在孩子们所承受的巨大压力。 是时候改变我们的教育理念了。 首先,太多的压
力可能会扭曲孩子的心理健康,这对他们的长期发展肯定是有害的。 其次,学习的意愿应该优先
于其他因素,因为兴趣是最强大的学习驱动力。 一个人受到激励学习时比被迫学习时更有可能
成功。
的确,孩子们应该在很小的时候就开始学习,以跟上同龄人的步伐。 然而,他们不应该承受
过大的压力,这将阻碍他们的成长。
Part Listening Comprehension
Ⅱ
Section A
News Report One
【听力原文】
When a dog loses a leg, the animal eventually figures out the best way to get around on three
legs. In a short time, the dog learns to deal with its physical disability. Now, scientists have developed
robots that behave in much the same way.
We can find robots everywhere. Robots build cars, play chess and can clean your house. They
may someday drive your car, too. Robots also help people in natural disasters. Robots are deployed in
search and rescue operations following an earthquake. Robots can be sent to a lot of places said to be
unsafe. The problem is that all of those types of situations and environment are extremely unpredictable
and hostile. And it is very likely that robots and humans in those situations become damaged. The
scientists are developing technology so that robots will continue operating after the first sign of injury.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
1. What is the news report mainly about?
[答案]
D)
2. What can we know about robots from the news report?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
当一只狗失去一条腿时,它最终会找到靠三条腿行走的最佳方式。 在很短的时间内,这只狗
学会了处理自己的身体残疾。 现在,科学家们已经开发出了行为方式大致相同的机器人。
我们到处都能找到机器人。 机器人制造汽车、下棋,还能打扫你的房子。 也许有一天他们也
会开你的车。 机器人也在自然灾害中帮助人们。 机器人被部署在地震后的搜救行动中。 机器人
可以被派遣到很多据说不安全的地方。 问题是,所有这些类型的情况和环境都是极其不可预测
和不利的。 在那些情况下,机器人和人类很可能会受到伤害。 科学家们正在开发一项技术,使机
器人在出现第一个受伤迹象后仍能继续工作。
News Report Two
【听力原文】
We all know that exercise is good for your health. But some kinds of exercise may be better than
others. Running, for example, may help to protect against heart disease and other health
154
· ·problems. Running may also help you live longer. Researchers say it is not important how far you
run. It also does not matter how fast or even how often you run. As advertisements for the running shoe
Nike say, “Just do it.”
Recently, researchers studied more than 55,000 adults. About one-fourth of the adults reported
they ran regularly. The study found these runners were considerably less likely than non-runners to die
of any form of disease, including heart disease. In fact, the runners lived, on average, three years
longer than the non-runners. Compared to non-runners, runners showed 30 percent lower risk of death
by any causes, including heart attack, stroke or cancer.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. What is the benefit of running according to the news?
[答案]
D)
4. How long did the runners survive the non-runners?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
我们都知道运动对你的健康有益。 但有些运动可能比其他运动更好。 例如,跑步可能有助
于预防心脏病和其他健康问题。 跑步也能让你活得更久。 研究人员表示,跑多远并不重要。 这
也与你跑得多快或多频繁无关。 正如耐克跑鞋的广告所说:“只管去做。”
最近,研究人员对 , 多名成年人进行了研究。 大约四分之一的成年人说他们经常跑
55 000
步。 研究发现,与不跑步的人相比,这些跑步者死于包括心脏病在内的任何疾病的可能性都要小
得多。 事实上,跑步者比不跑步的人平均多活三年。 与不跑步的人相比,跑步者因心脏病、中风
或癌症等各种原因死亡的风险降低了 。
30%
News Report Three
【听力原文】
A single cigarette sold on a street corner may not cost a lot; however, the overall costs of smoking
are huge. First, consider the cost of human life. The World Health Organization says about 10 people
die of a tobacco-linked disease every minute. That rate adds up to almost six million people dying from
such diseases every year.
For most people, stopping smoking is hard. Many began smoking as teenagers. They are used to
it. Studies show people who want to stop smoking can do so with different treatments. Other experts and
former smokers offer even more effective advice: If you are considering starting smoking, don’t.
Smoking costs more than the life of an individual. It can affect the health of an entire country. The
World Health Organization says low-income countries depend heavily on taxes from cigarettes. They use
the money, in part, to pay the costs of health care for tobacco-related diseases. But the illegal trade in
tobacco products is further testing the economies of low-income countries.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. How many people die from smoking every year?
[答案]
A)
155
· ·6. Why is it hard to stop smoking for most people?
[答案]
A)
7. How do low-income countries partly spend the taxes from cigarettes?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
街角卖的一根烟可能不贵,然而,吸烟的总成本是巨大的。 首先,考虑一下人类生命的代价。
世界卫生组织表示,每分钟大约有 人死于与烟草有关的疾病。 这一数值加起来,每年有近
10 600
万人死于这类疾病。
对大多数人来说,戒烟很难。 许多人从青少年时期就开始吸烟。 他们已经习惯了。 研究表
明,想要戒烟的人可以通过不同的治疗方法来实现。 其他专家和前吸烟者提供了更有效的建议:
如果你正在考虑开始吸烟,那就不要(考虑)。 吸烟的代价超过了一个人的生命。 它可以影响整
个国家的健康。 世界卫生组织表示,低收入国家严重依赖烟草税。 他们用这些钱的一部分来支
付与烟草有关的疾病的医疗费用。 但烟草制品的非法贸易正在进一步考验低收入国家的经济。
Section B
Conversation One
【听力原文】
W: Hello! Can you introduce yourself please?
M: Sure, my name is Steven Patterson and I’m from a small town called Brentwood in Essex
which is in England.
W: OK, Essex. Which part of England is that?
M: That’s in the southeast.
W: Southeast.
M: Yeah, yeah. It’s attached to London, just next to London.
W: Oh, OK, but you said it’s a small town.
M: It’s relatively small. The population is about 50,000.
W: OK, well, what kind of place is your town where you grew up?
M: It’s actually a very nice and prosperous town. People often travel out from Brentwood into
London and they work in the city, because it’s a pleasant place to live in.
W: Oh, it sounds nice. Well, now if you live in a little town near London, will it be really
expensive?
M: Yes, because it’s a desirable place to live in Brentwood and the closeness to London also
makes the housing quite expensive.
W: Oh, really? When I think of a small British village, you know, I think of really old houses,
and nothing’s changed, so do you have modern stuff, like a health club, a movie theatre or
things like that?
M: The cinema in Brentwood actually closed down, but it does have a very nice health centre and
156
· ·as I said lots of parks to play in. There are lots of opportunities to exercise and various forms of
recreational activities.
W: Wow, sounds like a nice place to live in.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. Where does the man come from?
[答案]
B)
9. What do we learn about Brentwood?
[答案]
A)
10. Which is one of the reasons for the high costs of Brentwood?
[答案]
D)
11. What can be inferred from the conversation about recreational activities in Brentwood?
[答案]
B)
【参考译文】
女:你好! 请介绍一下你自己,好吗?
男:当然可以,我叫史蒂文·帕特森,我来自英格兰埃塞克斯郡一个叫布伦特伍德的小镇。
女:好的,埃塞克斯。 那是英格兰的哪个地区?
男:东南部。
女:东南。
男:是啊,是啊。 它附属于伦敦,就在伦敦旁边。
女:哦,好的,但是你说那是个小镇。
男:相对来说比较小。 人口约为 万。
5
女:好的,那你长大的小镇是个什么样的地方?
男:它实际上是一个非常漂亮和繁荣的城镇。 人们经常从布伦特伍德到伦敦旅行,他们在城
里工作,因为那是一个适合居住的地方。
女:哦,听起来不错。 嗯,如果你住在伦敦附近的一个小镇,会很贵吗?
男:是的,因为布伦特伍德是一个理想的居住地,而且离伦敦很近,所以房价也很贵。
女:哦,真的吗? 当我想到英国的小村庄时,我想到的是非常古老的房子,什么都没有改变,
那你们有现代化的设施,比如健身俱乐部、电影院之类的吗?
男:布伦特伍德的电影院实际上关门了,但是那里有一个非常好的健康中心,就像我说的,有
很多公园可以玩。 有很多锻炼的机会和各种形式的娱乐活动。
女:哇,听起来是个适合居住的好地方。
Conversation Two
【听力原文】
W: Hey, Mark, could you tell me about the first job you ever had?
M: When I was at university, I used to work for 12 hours from 6 p.m. until 6 a.m. in a printing
factory one night a week.
157
· ·W: So you worked from 6 p.m. until 6 a.m.?
M: Yep, overnight. I feel that it is better to work just one long block of time rather than have a
part-time job two or three nights a week.
W: So for this job what exactly did you do? What were your duties?
M: We took the TV guides from the printing presses and bundled them up to get them ready for
distribution to the various convenience stores, gas stands and bookstores throughout the whole
country. We also had to make sure that the shops and regions got the right number of
guides.
W: So a job like that would be manual labor, and sometimes it is very hard, right? I wonder what
attracted you most in the job.
M: Because of the hours we all worked overnight, there was a combination of other university
students. We used to enjoy a good laugh while we were doing the work as well, and we really
had quite a good team.
W: Sounds fun to make so many lovely friends while you are working.
M: Yes, though the job is tiring, it was really a wonderful experience to work with so many great
guys.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What was the man’s first job?
[答案]
B)
13. What were the man’s duties for his first job?
[答案]
D)
14. What attracted the man most in his first job?
[答案]
B)
15. What does the man think of his first job?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
女:嘿,马克,你能跟我说说你的第一份工作吗?
男:我上大学的时候,每周有一天晚上在一家印刷厂从下午 点工作到早上 点,连续工作
6 6
个小时。
12
女:所以你从下午 点一直工作到早上 点?
6 6
男:是的,通宵。 我觉得与其每周做两三个晚上的兼职工作,还不如只做一长段时间的工作。
女:那么对于这份工作,你具体做了什么? 你的职责是什么?
男:我们从印刷机上取下电视节目单,把它们捆起来,准备分发到全国各地的便利店、加油站
和书店。 我们还必须确保商店和地区收到正确数量的节目单。
女:所以像那样的工作是体力劳动,有时很辛苦,对吗? 我想知道这份工作最吸引你的是
什么。
158
· ·男:因为我们都要通宵工作,所以还有其他大学生(一起工作)。 我们过去常常在工作的时候
开怀大笑,我们真的有一个很好的团队。
女:在工作的时候交这么多可爱的朋友听起来很有趣。
男:是的,虽然这份工作很累,但是和这么多优秀的人一起工作真的是一段很棒的经历。
Section C
Passage One
【听力原文】
It is what failed dieters have long suspected: Fat people really can’t keep the weight off. Scientists
have confirmed that the majority of overweight people who try to lose weight either by cutting calories or
exercising will return to their former size. Fewer than 10 percent of the 12 million Britons who go on a
diet each year succeed in losing significant amounts of weight and most of those who do put it all back
on again within a year. The scientists, from the Medical Research Council’s National Survey of Health
and Development, followed 5,362 men and women from their birth in 1946 and 20,000 from birth in
1958, measuring their weight and blood pressure and assessing their lifestyles. They found both groups
began gaining weight in the 1980s and had steadily increased in size ever since. Dr. Rebecca Hardy,
the council’s program leader on body size, said, “Once people become overweight, they continue
relentlessly upwards. They hardly ever go back down. It is better to avoid getting fat in the first
place. For men, weight goes up steadily through life. For women, it starts slowly and accelerates in the
mid-thirties.” Experts have suggested evolution means we are programmed to put on weight rather than
lose it. Dieting can make this tendency worse as decreasing caloric intake triggers the body to go into
starvation mode and reduces the amount of energy it naturally expends, making it even harder to lose
weight. But the study’s findings do not mean dieting is pointless, so eating less and taking more
exercise can increase fitness and lower blood pressure.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. What have the failed dieters suspected?
[答案]
C)
17. What do scientists find after the long-time observation?
[答案]
D)
18. What role does dieting play in losing weight according to the passage?
[答案]
A)
【参考译文】
减肥失败的人长期以来一直怀疑:胖人真的无法保持体重。 科学家已经证实,大多数超重的
人通过减少热量摄入或锻炼来减肥,最终都会恢复到原来的体型。 在每年进行节食的 , 万
1 200
英国人中,只有不到 的人成功减掉了大量体重,而大多数人在一年内又反弹了。 来自医学研
10%
究委员会全国健康与发展调查的科学家们跟踪调查了 , 名 年出生的男性和女性,以及
5 362 1946
万名 年出生的男性和女性,测量了他们的体重和血压,并评估了他们的生活方式。 他们发
2 1958
159
· ·现,这两组人的体重都是从 世纪 年代开始增加的,并且从那以后体重一直在稳步增长。 该
20 80
委员会的体型项目负责人丽贝卡·哈迪博士说:“一旦人们变得超重,它们(体重)就会无情地继
续上升。 它们几乎不会再往下掉。 最好从一开始就避免发胖。 对男性来说,体重在一生中稳步
上升。 对女性来说,它开始时(上升)缓慢,在 岁左右加速。”专家认为,进化意味着我们生来体
35
重会增加而不是减少。 节食会使这种趋势变得更糟,因为减少热量摄入会触发身体进入饥饿模
式,减少身体自然消耗的能量,使减肥变得更加困难。 但研究结果并不意味着节食没有意义,所
以少吃多运动可以增强体质,降低血压。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
A common challenge for many teachers is keeping their students focused in class. After all, many
children can become distracted, bored or confused in a classroom setting, or abandon their
concentration on a lesson plan. There are various ways teachers can encourage their students to stay
focused and make learning more interesting. Based on a lack of students’ focus, teachers are sometimes
given the impression that their lesson plan is not motivating or interesting to their students. However,
the problem might simply be that the students need change and movement. It often helps for teachers to
alternate quiet activities in class with more active and exciting lessons. Something changing the pace of
your lessons and activities can make all the difference in helping your students stay focused, and
ultimately enjoy the lesson you’ve prepared for them. Children tend to remain more focused when
interactive teaching tools are involved. For instance, an interactive whiteboard in the classroom can help
children feel included, and thus stay more focused. What’s more, it’s an effective teaching tool,
helping instructors enhance lesson plans and students’ learning. So remember, the slightest change in
how you deliver your lesson plans can make a world of difference when it comes to keeping your students
focused. Above all, to reach the best effect in class, the first thing for teachers is to know the students’
ability to maintain attention—for instance, based on their age group—and enhance lessons accordingly
for optimal focus and fun in the classroom.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19. What should teachers do to make students enjoy the class?
[答案]
C)
20. What is the function of the whiteboard in the class?
[答案]
A)
21. What should teachers know first to have the best effect in class?
[答案]
C)
【参考译文】
对许多老师来说,一个共同的挑战是让学生在课堂上集中注意力。 毕竟,许多孩子在教室里
会变得心烦意乱、无聊或困惑,或者放弃专注于课程计划。 老师有很多方法可以鼓励学生集中注
意力,让学习更有趣。 由于缺乏学生的注意力,教师有时会觉得他们的课程计划对学生来说没有
160
· ·动力或兴趣。 然而,问题可能仅仅是学生们需要改变和运动。 对老师来说,将安静的课堂活动与
更活跃、更令人兴奋的课堂活动交替进行往往是有帮助的。 改变你的课程和活动的节奏可以让
一切变得不同,帮助你的学生保持专注,并最终享受你为他们准备的课程。 当使用互动式教学工
具时,孩子们往往会更加专注。 例如,教室里的交互式白板可以帮助孩子们感到参与其中,从而
更加专注。 更重要的是,它是一个有效的教学工具,帮助教师提高课程计划和学生的学习。 所以
请记住,在讲授课程计划的方式上,哪怕是最微小的改变,都能让你的学生集中注意力,产生天壤
之别。 最重要的是,为了在课堂上达到最佳效果,教师的第一件事是了解学生保持注意力的能
力———例如,根据他们的年龄组———并相应地加强课程,以获得最佳的注意力和课堂乐趣。
Passage Three
【听力原文】
A few degrees can make a big difference when it comes to food storage. Food can go bad if they get
too warm. But for many of the world’s poor, finding a good way to keep food cool is difficult.
Refrigerators are costly and they need electricity. Yet spoiled food not only creates health risks but also
economic losses. Farmers lose money when they have to throw away products that they cannot sell
quickly. But in 1995, a teacher in northern Nigeria named Mohammed Bah Abba found a solution. He
developed the “Pot-in-Pot Preservation” or “Cooling System”. It uses two round containers made of
黏土
clay( ). A smaller pot is placed inside a larger one. The space between the two pots is filled with
wet sand. The inner pot can be filled with fruit, vegetables or drinks. A wet cloth covers the whole
cooling system. Food in the smaller pot is kept from spoiling through a simple evaporation process.
Water in the sand between the two pots evaporates through the surface of the larger pot, where drier
outside air is moving. The evaporation process creates a drop in temperature of several degrees. This
cools the inner pot and helps keep food safe from harmful bacteria. The invention became popular with
farmers in other African countries. Mohammed Bah Abba personally financed the first 5,000 pot-in-pot
systems for his own community and five villages nearby. In 2000, the Rolex Watch Company of
Switzerland honored him with the Rolex Award for Enterprise. This award recognizes people trying to
develop projects aimed at improving human knowledge and well-being.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
22. What is an important factor in food storage?
[答案]
D)
23. Why does the speaker say spoiled food can create economic losses?
[答案]
B)
24. How does the pot-in-pot system work?
[答案]
B)
25. What can we learn about Mohammed Bah Abba?
[答案]
D)
161
· ·【参考译文】
在食物储存方面,几度的温差会产生很大的不同。 食物如果太热就会变质。 但对世界上许
多穷人来说,找到一种保持食物凉爽的好方法是很困难的。 冰箱很贵,而且需要电。 然而,变质
的食物不仅会造成健康风险,还会造成经济损失。 当农民不得不扔掉那些卖不出去的产品时,他
们就会赔钱。 但 年,尼日利亚北部一位名叫穆罕默德·巴·阿巴的教师找到了解决办法。
1995
他发明了“罐中罐保存”或“冷却系统”。 它使用两个黏土制成的圆形容器。 把一个小罐子放在一
个大罐子里。 两个罐子之间的空间填满了湿沙。 里面的罐子可以装满水果、蔬菜或饮料。 一块
湿布覆盖整个冷却系统。 通过简单的蒸发过程,可以防止小罐子里的食物变质。 两个罐子之间
的沙子里的水通过大罐子的表面蒸发,外面干燥的空气在那里流动。 蒸发过程使温度下降几度。
这样可以冷却里面的罐子,并有助于保护食物免受有害细菌的侵害。 这项发明在其他非洲国家
的农民中很受欢迎。 穆罕默德·巴·阿巴个人出资为他自己的社区和附近的五个村庄提供了首
批 , 个罐中罐系统。 年,瑞士劳力士手表公司授予他劳力士企业精神奖。 该奖项表彰
5 000 2000
那些努力开发旨在提高人类知识和福祉的项目的人。
Part Reading Comprehension
Ⅲ
Section A
【参考译文】
最近的一项研究表明,在小孩子眼中,对于衰老的看法可能会有所不同。 很多三岁到五岁的
小孩子似乎认为生日派对会让人们变老。 按照这些孩子们的观点,如果人们不举办生日派对,他
们的年龄就会保持不变。
发展心理学家杰奎琳·伍利设计了两项研究。 在研究中,他们通过给孩子们讲故事来测试
孩子对衰老的理解。 研究人员先讲了一个没有举办生日派对的小孩子的故事。 然后又讲了一个
举办了两次生日派对的小孩子的故事。 听完故事后,他们让孩子们来辨别每个人物的年龄。
伍利团队的预期是在报告每个故事中人物的年龄时,四五岁的孩子会比三岁的孩子表现得
好很多。 但是对于那个小孩子举办了两次生日派对的故事,所有的孩子似乎都感到困惑。
研究人员同时还通过给孩子们讲了一个不想变老的女士的故事来测试孩子们对于成年人衰
老方式的认知。 的三岁孩子的回答是正确的。 大一点儿的孩子表现得更好,而且所有的孩子
71%
都能够正确回答与该女士年龄有关的其他问题。
年仅三岁的孩子明白有生命的东西会变老,而物品不会。 但是生日派对是一种文化习俗。
所以,研究人员决定开始研究一种文化现象会如何影响孩子们对于那些既覆盖文化又覆盖生物
学的观点的认知。
【答案精析】
名词 信仰 观念 提及 说起 物体 物品 惯
:B) beliefs , ; H) mention , ; J) objects , ; K) practice
例 习俗
,
动词 影响 混淆 使困惑 运用 施以影响 预
:A) affect ; C) confused , ; D) exert , ; E) expected
计 预期 提到 说起 反对 不赞成 继续 保持不变
, ; H) mention , ; J) objects , ; M) remain ,
162
· ·形容词 困惑的 内疚的 有罪的 否定的 负面的
:C) confused ; G) guilty , ; I) negative , ;
肯定的 负有责任的
L) positive ; N) responsible
副词 非常 极其 显著地 重大地
:F) extremely , ; O) significantly ,
[答案]
26. N) responsible
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 引导的宾语从句中缺表语 空格处应填入形容词或分
,that ,
词 作表语 根据前一句可知 孩子们对于衰老的看法不同 此句讲述的应是在孩子眼
, 。 , 。
中生日派对与衰老的关系 结合备选项 负有责任的 符合句意 故为答案
。 ,responsible“ ” , 。
[答案]
27. M) remain
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 主句中缺谓语 空格处应为动词 作谓语 根据前一句可
, , , 。
知 很多三岁到五岁的小孩子似乎认为生日派对会让人们变老 而此句指出 按照这些
, 。 ,
孩子们的观点 人们如果不举办生日派对 他们的年龄就会 稍加推断就可得
, , 。
出 继续 保持不变 符合题意 故为答案
remain“ , ” , 。
[答案]
28. E) expected
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 本句主句缺谓语 根据文章整体时态可知 空格处应为动
, , ,
词过去式 作主句的谓语 根据前一段可得知 发展心理学家杰奎琳 伍利设计了两项
, 。 , ·
研究 给孩子们提供不同的情景设置来测试孩子们辨别年龄的能力 由常识可知 开展
。 。 ,
研究前应该会对结果有所预期 结合备选项 可以推断出 预计 预期 符合题
。 , expected“ , ”
意 故为答案
, 。
[答案]
29. O) significantly
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空格处应填入副词 修饰副词比较级 根据句意可
, , better。
知 伍利的团队将孩子们分为两组 一组孩子年龄为四至五岁 而另一组孩子年龄为三
, : ,
岁 心理学家就他们的研究结果做出了预判 按照常识 年龄大的孩子在年龄辨别方面
。 。 ,
要比年龄小的孩子们强 这里需要一个程度副词 结合备选项 可以推断 显
, 。 , significantly“
著地 重大地 符合题意 故为答案 虽然也是程度副词 但太过绝对 故排除
, ” , 。 extremely , , 。
[答案]
30. C) confused
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空格处应填入形容词或分词 作表语 根据前一句可知
, , 。 ,
伍利团队的预期是四五岁的孩子会比三岁的孩子在辨别年龄时表现得好很多 空格所
。
在的句子由 连接 表示转折 由此推断出 所有的孩子对举办过两次生日派对的孩
But , 。 ,
子的年龄的辨别并不符合心理学家们的预期 结合备选项可以推断出 困惑
。 confused“
的 符合题意 故为答案
” , 。
[答案]
31. B) beliefs
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空格处应填入名词 与空格前的 构成名词短语
, , children’s ,
作动词 的宾语 根据上一段内容可知 心理学家就孩子们对于小孩子年龄的辨别
tested 。 ,
能力进行了研究 空格所在句用连词 进行顺承连接 表明更进一步 根据空格后的
。 also , 。
163
· ·句子可以推断出 心理学家开始对孩子们对大人年龄的认知进行研究 结合备选项 可
, 。 ,
以推断出 信仰 观念 符合句意 故为答案
beliefs“ , ” , 。
[答案]
32. L) positive
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空格处应填入形容词或分词 作名词 的定语 本
, , answers 。
句指出 的三岁孩子的回答是 又根据后面的句子可知 大一点儿的孩子
,71% 。 ,
表现得更好 因此大多数三岁的孩子们表现应该也不错 结合备选项 可以推断出
, 。 , positive
肯定的 符合句意 故为答案
“ ” , 。
[答案]
33. J) objects
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 引导的是一个同位语从句 解释说明 的具体内容
,that , idea 。
该同位语从句包含由 连接的两个并列分句 空格处应填入名词 作同位语从句中的
and , ,
第二个分句的主语 前的分句的主语为 谓语动词为 再根据空格
。 and living things, grow,
后的谓语 可知 空格处主语意思应与 相对 结合备选项 物
do not , living things 。 ,objects“
体 物品 符合题意 故为答案
, ” , 。
[答案]
34. K) practice
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 空格前有冠词 和形容词 空格处应填入名词 根
, a cultural, 。
据前一句可得知 三岁的孩子明白有生命的东西会变老 而物品不会 空格所在句由
, , , But
连接 表示转折 由此推断 生日派对是一种文化习俗 结合备选项 可以推断出
, 。 , 。 ,
惯例 习俗 符合题意 故为答案
practice“ , ” , 。
[答案]
35. A) affect
【精析】 分析句子结构可知 引导的宾语从句缺谓语 空格处应为动词原形 与
,how , ,
共同作宾语从句的谓语 根据前一句可得知 生日派对是一种文化习俗 空格所在
might 。 , ,
句由 连接 顺承上文 指出研究人员决定开始研究一种文化现象会如何 孩子
So , ,
们对于那些既覆盖文化又覆盖生物学的观点的认知 由此推断 文化对孩子们认知的 影
。 , “
响 成为研究人员的新课题 结合备选项 可推断 影响 符合句意 故为答案
” 。 , affect“ ” , 。
Section B
【参考译文】
为什么你不应该试着做一个早起的人
) 我们以前都听说过:要想成功,就要早点儿起床。 毕竟,苹果首席执行官蒂姆·库克凌晨
A
: 起床,菲亚特首席执行官塞尔吉奥·马尔乔内凌晨 : 起床,理查德·布兰森凌晨 : 起
3 45 3 30 5 45
床———正如我们所知,“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”
) 但仅仅因为一些成功人士起得早,就意味着他们中的大多数人有这样的特点吗? 如果在
B
早上 点之前锻炼、计划一天的生活、吃早餐、想象并完成一项任务的想法让你想翻身打瞌睡,直
8
到下周六,你真的注定会过得不那么成功吗? 对我们大约一半的人来说,这并不是一个真正的问
题。 据估计,大约 的人不是真正的早起型或晚睡型,而是介于两者之间。
50%
164
· ·) 然而,大约四分之一的人更倾向于成为精神奕奕的早起者,另外四分之一的人是夜猫子。
C
对他们来说,这种影响可能不仅仅是晚上 点在电视机前睡着或长期迟到。 研究发现,早起的
10
人和晚睡的人显示了典型的左右脑区分:更富逻辑性和合作精神对比更具想象力和个人主义。
) 许多研究发现,早起的人更有毅力、更自主并且更随和。 他们为自己设定了更高的目标,
D
对未来有更多的规划,并有更好的幸福感。 与夜猫子相比,他们更不可能抑郁、酗酒或吸烟。
) 尽管早起的人可能在学业上取得更多成就,但夜猫子往往在记忆力、处理速度和认知能
E
力方面表现更好,即使他们必须在早上完成这些任务。 夜猫子也更乐于接受新的体验,并更多地
寻求新的体验。 他们可能更有创造力(尽管并非总是如此)。 与这句格言(健康、富有和明智)相
反,一项研究表明,夜猫子和早起的人一样健康、明智,而且更富裕一些。
) 还认为早上的人听起来更像能当首席执行官的料儿吗? 现在先别把闹钟调到凌晨 点。
F 5
事实证明,调整你的睡眠时间可能不会有太大效果。 牛津大学研究生物钟学和睡眠的生物学家
凯瑟琳·伍尔夫说:“如果让人们按照自己的自然偏好来安排时间,他们会感觉更好。 他们说自
己的工作效率要高得多。 他们的心智能力要广泛得多。”另一方面,她说,把人们推得离他们的自
然偏好太远可能是有害的。 当夜猫子早起时,他们仍会产生褪黑激素。 伍尔夫说:“然后你扰乱
了身体的节奏,迫使身体处于白天模式。 这可能会产生很多负面的生理后果。”比如对胰岛素和
葡萄糖的敏感度变化,这有可能导致体重增加。
) 从很多方面来看,这是有道理的,因为研究表明,我们的生物钟或内部时钟主要是生物
G
的。 研究人员甚至发现,体外(培养的)人体细胞的昼夜节律与被提取细胞的人的节律相关。 其
中高达 是遗传的,这意味着如果你想知道为什么你每天都是黎明醒来(或从未这样),你可能
47%
应该看看你的父母。 遗传因素之一似乎是昼夜节律周期的长度,人类的平均昼夜节律周期为
小时,这意味着每个人每天都会根据 小时的节律稍作调整。 但对夜猫子来说,昼夜节律
24.2 24
的时间通常更长,这意味着,如果没有外界的变化提示,随着时间的推移,他们会越来越晚地入睡
和起床。
) 你的偏好会随着年龄的增长而变化。 孩子们倾向于早起,晚睡的倾向在 岁左右达到
H 20
顶峰, 岁左右又略微回到倾向于早起。 但与你的同龄人相比,你可能总是属于同一个粗略的
50
范围。
) 在我们急于弄清成功的“秘诀”时,我们往往会忘记一些事情。 首先,并非所有高成就获
I
得者都是早起的人,而且并非所有早起的人都是成功的。 著名的“后起之秀”包括 首席执行
Box
官亚伦·列维和 首席执行官乔纳·佩雷蒂,以及詹姆斯·乔伊斯、格特鲁德·斯坦和古
Buzzfeed
斯塔夫·福楼拜等创意人士。
) 但更重要的是,用世界各地学者喜爱的一句话来说,相关性并不是因果关系。 换言之,目
J
前尚不清楚早起本身是否有好处。 相反,我们大多数人都会在早上 点或 点开始上班或上学。
8 9
如果你是一个早起的人,从荷尔蒙到体温等一系列生理变化会让你比夜猫子们更早起床。 这意
165
· ·味着喜欢早起的人与他们的工作日节奏更加一致,并有可能取得更多成就。 对早上 点醒来的
7
夜猫子来说,她的身体仍然认为自己在睡觉,并采取相应的行动,所以她昏昏沉沉的时间比同时
醒来的早起者长得多。
) 研究人员还指出,因为晚睡晚起的人通常是在他们身体不情愿的情况下维持正常工作,
K
所以他们可能情绪不佳或生活满意度较低就讲得通了。 这也可能意味着他们必须想办法变得更
具创新性和切入点———这可能会鼓励他们的创造力和认知能力。
) 因为晚睡晚起的人是懒惰的这种文化刻板印象的存在,大多数人可能会尽力成为早起的
L
人。 唯一不这样做的人可能天生就有更叛逆或个人主义的特质。 但改变一个人的生物钟并不一
定能改变这些特征。 正如最近的一项研究发现的那样,即使人们试图成为“早起的人”,也不会让
他们有更好的情绪或生活满意度,这表明这些特征是“晚睡型生物钟的内在组成部分”。
) 其他研究也暗示,你的睡眠偏好可能与其他特征在生物学上“捆绑”在一起。 例如,最近
M
的一项研究发现,视觉创造力越强的人睡眠障碍越多,比如晚上多次醒来或失眠。 同样,相关性
不是因果关系。 但这可能与遗传有关。 一位研究人员说:“有一种多巴胺受体基因以前与创造力
的提高以及失眠和睡眠障碍有关。”
【答案精析】
[答案]
36. C)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后一句
“Researchimaginative” C “Research
相匹配 故选
imaginative” 。 C。
[答案]
37. E)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“Evening typesprocess information faster” E “night
相匹配 故选
owlsprocessing speed” 。 E。
[答案]
38. L)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“try their bestlazy.” L “lazytryas much as
相匹配 故选
they can.” 。 L。
[答案]
39. G)
【精析】 题干中的
“Your parents’ sleeping habitshave an important influence on yours.”
与 段材料第三句 相匹配
G “it is inheritedyou should probably look at your parents.” 。
故选
G。
[答案]
40. J)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料
“likely to achieve morematches the rhythmworkday.” J
倒数第二句 相匹配 故选
“in line with their workday and likely to achieve more.” 。 J。
[答案]
41. F)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后三句
“Wulffnight owlgain weight.” F “night
相匹配 故选
owlsWulffweight gain.” 。 F。
[答案]
42. K)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第一句
“Researchers less satisfied with life.” K
相匹配 故选
“Researcherslower life satisfaction.” 。 K。
166
· ·[答案]
43. I)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第二 三
“early riserssuccessfulhigh achievers” I 、
句 相匹配 故选
“high achieversearly riserssuccessful. Famous late risers” 。 I。
[答案]
44. D)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料最后
“night owlmore likely to suffer from depression.” D
一句 相匹配 故选
“compared to night owls, they’re less likely to be depressed” 。 D。
[答案]
45. H)
【精析】 题干中的 与 段材料第二句
“A 20-year-old man53-year-old man.” H “around
相匹配 故选
age 20at around age 50.” 。 H。
Section C
Passage One
【参考译文】
似乎经常会有些人拥有超人的饭量,可以快速吃下一整个比萨,却仍然很瘦。 而其他人只用
想一想一块比萨都能胖五磅。 如今,一位博士指出,已有证据表明遗传可能是其中一些差异产生
的原因。 不管你吃多少,你可能都无法掌控自己的体重。
杜克大学的生物化学家凡·伯纳特和他的团队进行了一项新的研究,并发现了这种情况发
生的原因。 他们改变了老鼠的基因,使老鼠体内含有几种在人体内发现的常见的基因变异。 他
们观察到,那些拥有锚蛋白 基因突变的老鼠将更多的葡萄糖吸收到它们的脂肪细胞中,因而产
B
生更多脂肪。 通常情况下,细胞膜作为一个屏障会阻碍葡萄糖进入这些细胞,而对基因的这种改
变使得(细胞的)大门敞开。
这种改变或许是有用的。 伯纳特告诉《新闻周刊》:“这或许不总是一件坏事,在过去,这可以
帮助人们度过饥荒。 但是今天我们的食物充足,以至这或许是一件坏事了。”我们现代的饮食(驾
车通过式快餐窗口和装满零食的过道)使这种改变对我们不利。
节食者长期以来都被告知要关注他们的卡路里,做更多的运动,但是这一新发现表明一刀切
的方法并不适用于所有人。 而且,这项研究向人们展示了一个普遍存在的问题:体重增加与年龄
有关。 我们的新陈代谢随着年龄的增长自然放慢,这让我们 岁的时候更难保持自己 岁时的
50 30
体重。 现在再增加一个难以控制的锚蛋白 基因,想要保持苗条似乎是不可能的了。
B
研究中的老鼠在进行高脂肪饮食时体重增加更多。 伯纳特相信,这是因为一旦脂肪细胞吸
收了葡萄糖并开始产生更多脂肪,它们对其他脂肪会变得敏感。 尽管在老鼠身上进行了研究,研
究人员认为,对该基因,或许还有其他基因的进一步研究有可能创建一个以遗传学为基础的定制
饮食和健康计划的领域。 伯纳特展望有一天这些评估在婴儿一出生时就可以进行。 现在,苦恼
的节食者们可以用这句话寻求安慰了:不是你的原因,是你的基因在作怪。
【答案精析】
[答案]
46. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第一段最后两句
a doctor 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 一位博士指出 已有证据表明遗传可能是其中一些
。 , ,
差异产生的原因 不管你吃多少 你可能都无法掌控自己的体重 由此可知 遗传基因
。 , 。 ,
是导致人们体重不同的原因 故答案为
。 C)。
167
· ·[答案]
47. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第二段第三句
a mouse mutations of ankyrin-B 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句指出 那些拥有锚蛋白 基因突变的老鼠将更多的葡萄
。 , B
糖吸收到它们的脂肪细胞中 因而产生更多脂肪 这与 项所述一致 故答案为
, , A) 。 A)。
[答案]
48. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段前三句
alteration in the past 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 这种改变或许是有用的 伯纳特告诉 新闻周刊 这
。 , 。 《 》:“
或许不总是一件坏事 在过去 这可以帮助人们度过饥荒 由此可见 在物质资源匮乏
, , 。” ,
的过去 这种改变可以帮人们度过饥荒 故答案为
, 。 B)。
[答案]
49. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第四段第
more difficult to stay slim when we are older
三句
。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 我们的新陈代谢随着年龄的增长自然放慢 这让我
。 , ,
们 岁的时候更难保持自己 岁时的体重 故答案为
50 30 。 D)。
[答案]
50. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到最后一段第三句
the prospect of further research 。
【精析】 推理判断题 定位句指出 尽管在老鼠身上进行了研究 研究人员认为 对该
。 , , ,
基因 或许还有其他基因的进一步研究有可能创建一个以遗传学为基础的定制饮食和健
,
康计划的领域 由此可知 人类通过对自身基因突变的了解 可以制订合理的健康计划
。 , , 。
故答案为
C)。
Passage Two
【参考译文】
在美国经济学院的正式教授中,女性仅占 。 在其他社会科学学科中,女性获得博士学位
14%
的比例通常超过 ,与之形成鲜明对比的是,在经济学中女性获得博士学位的比例只占 。
60% 35%
在那些传统上由男性占主导地位的 (科学、技术、工程和数学)领域中,女性已经取得了
STEM
显著的进步。 但是在经济学中却没有。 令人震惊的是,有证据表明,自 年以来,女性在经济
2000
学中几乎没有取得进步。
那些拥护性别平等的人认为,女性经济学家应该参与到研究和政策的讨论中来,因为她们可
以带来不同于男性的观点。 例如:女性经济学家更倾向于支持政府干预,而不是市场解决方案。
男性经济学家不仅更乐意依赖市场,他们还更可能通过干预市场来发现问题。
如果正式教授大多为男性的话,年轻的女性学者可能会发现她们的研究更难得到认可。 如
果经济学期刊的大多数编辑是男性的话,那就不难理解为什么女性要多花费 个月的时间才能
6
完成评审过程,以在一些顶尖的经济学期刊上发表文章。 当然,即使承认在经济学界存在阻碍女
性进步的绊脚石,但是有些人确信,历史的方舟终将把更多的女性带入这一学科,同时年轻的男
性经济学家也会对多元化持更开放的态度。 不幸的是,有越来越多的理由质疑这一假设。 正如
爱丽丝·吴对《经济学就业市场传闻》论坛的分析所表明的那样,导致性别失衡的一些偏见在进
入该行业的人中依然盛行。
美国经济协会理事会在 月的会议中对该就业论坛提出的问题进行了回应。 但是该行业的
1
168
· ·领导以及全球的经济学家必须开始反思造成性别失衡的诸多因素,以及如何假设性地解决这些
问题。 经济学界必须明白,经济学缺乏性别平等是一个系统性的问题,且不能自行解决。
【答案精析】
[答案]
51. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第一 二段
the situation of women economics 、 。
【精析】 推理判断题 文章首段指出 与其他社会科学学科相比 女性在经济学中处于
。 , ,
绝对的劣势 第二段进一步指出 女性在经济学中的境况没有得到什么改善 由此可
。 , 。
见 女性在经济学这个男性主导的领域所占比重很小 故答案为
, 。 C)。
[答案]
52. D)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段第一句
women economists important 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 那些拥护性别平等的人认为 女性经济学家应该参
。 , ,
与到研究和政策的讨论中来 因为她们可以带来不同于男性的观点 由此可见 经济学
, 。 ,
是需要女性经济学家的 因为她们可以从不同的角度审视问题 故答案为
, 。 D)。
[答案]
53. B)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到第三段最后一句
male economists’ attitude the market 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 男性经济学家不仅更乐意依赖市场 他们还更可能
。 , ,
通过干预市场来发现问题 由此可知 男性经济学家比较看重市场本身 故答案为
。 , 。 B)。
[答案]
54. A)
【定位】 由题干中的 定位到第四段最后一句
the gender imbalance 。
【精析】 推理判断题 由定位句之前的两句可知 作者先提出一些人的观点 历史的方
。 , (
舟终将把更多的女性带入这一学科 同时年轻的男性经济学家也会对多元化持更开放的
,
态度 接着对其进行质疑 并在定位句中借用爱丽丝 吴的分析提出自己真正的观点
), , · :
导致性别失衡的一些偏见在进入该行业的人中依然盛行 由此可见 性别失衡的情况将
。 ,
继续在这个行业中长期存在 故答案为
。 A)。
[答案]
55. C)
【定位】 由题干中的 和 定位到最后一段第二句
leaders gender imbalance 。
【精析】 事实细节题 定位句指出 该行业的领导以及全球的经济学家必须开始反思
。 ,
造成性别不均的诸多因素 以及如何建设性地解决这些问题 故答案为
, 。 C)。
Part Translation
Ⅳ
【参考译文】
The traditional culture of Chinese nation is extensive and profound with a long history. More than
2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, and
Taoism represented by Laozi and Zhuangzi as well as many other theories and schools that figured
prominently in the history of Chinese thought. This is the famous “The Hundred Schools of
Thought”. From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, the traditional culture of Chinese nation presents many
precious ideas and qualities, and many good things which are essentially populist and democratic. For
example, they lay stress on the kindness and love, on the community, and on the world that belongs to
all.
169
· ·
