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专题 01 冠词、名词
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____ 6 3____ welcomes the fast-
paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____ 6 4____ (wonder) standing side by side
with historical buildings of the past.
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑
奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，
所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹
与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the
past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
2.【2023年全国乙卷】Mom was sure same color would look great on her.
5.考查冠词。句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same前常加定冠词。故same前加the。
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___ 5 6___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___ 5 7___
(confidence) speaking English. ...They also need to be ready to give ___ 6 1___ (interview) in English with
international journalists.
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动
物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应
填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助
动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并
列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
【61题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填
interviews。
4.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Not the pandas, even though ___39___ language used for the medical training
instructions is actually English.
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指
用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
5.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot,
clear and delicious.
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；
稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
6.【2023 年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___ 6 9___ (warn) about environmental
destruction.
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句
中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
7.【2023年全国甲卷】In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become
more meaningful to me.
9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散
步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。
10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为
一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故become改为becomes。
8.【2023年全国甲卷】The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and beautifully on the stamps.
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees可知，
此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词lovely后跟形容词
beautiful，作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。
2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】Covering an area about three times __________ size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：the
解析：考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句
的结构为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
2．【2022全国甲卷】____________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
答案：A
解析：考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的
一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
3.【2022 全国乙卷】To celebrate ___________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese
Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
答案：the
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特
指International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
4.【2022年浙江 1月】Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak if she
could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___________ time, they agreed.
答案：the
解析： 考查冠词。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。大约有四分
之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
5.【2022.6新高考1卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and _ eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the
wild.
答案：populations
解析： 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野
生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种
群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
6.【2022全国乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __ largest _
(large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the
healthy development of the tea industry.
答案： responsibility
解析：考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其
他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。7.【2022新高考二卷】___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
...He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
37. 答案：The
解析：考查冠词。句意：布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构，设空处要填写冠词与
Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏，意为“某某一家人”，the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首，
首字母应该大写。故填The。
40. 答案：son's
解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故
应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
8. 【2022.全国乙卷 短文改错】Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】bicycle → bicycles
【解析】考查名词。句意：如果用自行车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中
的cars和句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。
8. 【2022年天津卷第二次】When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t
stop eating.
A. appetite B. power C. memory D. sight
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A.
appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对
比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。
2021年
1.【2021新高考1卷 】While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，must 为名词，表示 "必须的事" ，所以前应用冠词，且无特指。
故填a。
2.【2021 新高考 1 卷 】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we 2 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故
填humans。3. 【 2021.6 全 国 甲 卷 】 Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates
and 9 (watchtower) to take pictures...
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】考查名词。根据句子结构， and 前后一致， and前是the different gates，名词的复数形式，所以
空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtowers。
4.【2021.6 全国乙卷】. 9 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and
accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】Activities
【解析】考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语，同时谓语动词range为非三单形式，因此应使用名词复
数形式。句意：那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
5.【2021.6全国甲卷 改错】Many students say they will talk to their friend or classmates because they're of the
same age and can understand each other.
【答案】friend改为friends
【解析】考查名词的单复数。主语为Many students ， "their friend or classmates " 中or前后一致，故前面
应该把friend 改为friends。
6. 【2021.1 浙江卷】It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters
squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
【答案】person's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数（以千克为单位）除以身高数（以米为
单位）的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight可知weight和person是从属关系。
故答案为person's。
7.【2021.6全国甲卷】It took us about 3 hours to go all 8 way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配，意为 "自始自终，一路上" 。故填the。
8.【2021.6全国乙卷】Due to 5 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following
principles:
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的 growing popularity of…一起作to的宾语，构成the growing
popularity of…的固定用法。句意：因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填the。9. 【2021.6 浙江卷】In 1844 they bought it for＄ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed
their 3 (marry) ceremony in 1842. ... 9 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to
meet the needs of their growing family.
3.【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。此题考查动词变名词，marry→marriage，这里表示结婚仪式。句意：Charles Dresser
于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词the，the Linclons 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数，表示一家人。句意：林肯一家人在
1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼，以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
11.（2021.6全国乙卷 改错）I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
【答案】dish改为dishes
【解析】考查名词。根据此句中的after meals可知， 此处指多种菜品，应该用名词的复数形式。故把dish
改为dishes。
12.【2021.6全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated
about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money
for conservation and benefits the 2 (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】development
【解析】考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词 the和空后介词of可知，空格应填名词。句意：……并且对于当
地地区的发展有益。故填development。
13．【2021年天津卷第一次】Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in
medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B.
advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health
have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
14. 【2021年天津卷第二次】In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A. system B. method C. investment D. environment
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有
序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。
2020年
1.【2020·新课标I卷】The far side of the moon is of particular
64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so than the familiar
near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应
填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
2.【2020·新课标I卷 改错】Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可
数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现，故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
3.【2020·新课标II卷】Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and
the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。
故填celebration。
4.【2020·新课标II卷 改错】Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】将vacations改为vacation
【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假。分析句子，vacation译为
“假期”是个不可数名词，后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将
vacations改为vacation。
5.【2020·新课标III卷】Filled with 64 ． (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作
宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。
6. 【2020·江苏卷】The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；
B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems
可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
7.【2020·山东卷】Historical 44 ． (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical
之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
8.【2020·浙江卷】Later，they learned to work with the 62 ． (season)，planting at the right time and，in
dry areas， 6 3 （ makin g ） (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【答案】seasons
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年
的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons.
9.【2020年北京卷】 Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to
stop people using them.
【答案】 7. countries
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。
lots of修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
2019年
1.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. ... All the football player on the playground cheered
loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
第三处：【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故
在football前加a。
第四处：【解析】考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到
我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
第
第七处：【解析】考查名词的数。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player
的复数形式。故将player改为players。第八处：【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中
谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
2.【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear
sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. ...Of
___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is
increasing, and nine lack enough data.
65. have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在
完成时态，故填have reported。
66.belief 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填
belief。
69. the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
3.【2019年全国卷Ⅱ】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do.
第一处：【解析】考查名词的数。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思
为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
4.【2019年北京卷】 No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity)
on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities
are endless.
考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的 various
可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
5.【2019年全国卷III】 When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an
interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it.
66.competition【解析】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该
填名词形式。故填competition。
6.【2019年全国卷III】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city. Each of my cafes will have a
different theme and an unique style.
第九处：【解析】考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
第十处：【解析】考查冠词的用法。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的
单词，前用a。故把an改为a。7.【2019年浙江卷6月】 Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in
unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. ... Other American studies
showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some
very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of
British secondary schools wear uniforms.
57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与
the连用修饰名词。故填the。
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。
no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”
的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
8. 【2018年浙江卷11月】 One study showed that _____64_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight
or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely ________65________(have) children with birth
defects.
64．考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
65．考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某
事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。
9.【2019年江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
26.A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优
先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选
A。
10.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in
many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈
的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”；
judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。2018年
1.【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired
scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学
家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
2. 【2018·新课标卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which
showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67
(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和
早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3. 【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my
grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是
乡下，故加定冠词the。
【解析】countryside前加the 考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是
乡下，故加定冠词the。
4. 【2018·新课标卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years，
while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指
在过去的25年里。故填the。
5. 【2018·新课标卷III】Unexpectedly，I'm face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at
____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。6. 【2018·新课标卷III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as
apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
7. 【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56
(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
8. 【2018·浙江卷】 Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten
outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
9.【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】 This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and
reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。
has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
10.【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____
top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. ...
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
62. 考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
11.【2018年全国Ⅲ卷】 At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for
learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistake as well."
第八处：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
第九处：考查名词单复数。错误不是一个，所以要用复数。
14.【2018年浙江卷6月】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56
(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
56. dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
13.【2018年江苏卷】 Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve
made.
A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行
事。A. assignment分配；B. association交往；C. acquisition获得；D. assumption假设。故选D。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening
实际发生和instead of而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。
2017年
1. 【2017年新课标Ⅲ卷】 Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.
...But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains
as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
....She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
62. a 考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 ＂一个＂，故填a。
64. who 考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为Sarah，指人，要用who。
65. to prove 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. education 考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
67. invitations 考查名词单复数。several修饰可数名词复数形式，故填invitations。
2. 【2017 年新课标Ⅲ卷】I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and
collecting the late music albums.
第八处：difference→different 考查形容词。修饰名词kinds应该用形容词形式。
第九处：late→latest 考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知此处指最新的音乐唱片，故把late改为latest。
2. 【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong
roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. .... This development was
only possible with the 6 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
63. laying【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为This,谓语动词included后由and连接
了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。该句中的 lay不是与前面的谓语动词included并列,而是与digging
up和building并列。句式结构的分析是解答该题的关键。
64. the【解析】考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在 top前加the。
69. introduction【解析】考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,故填introduction。
4.【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work
every day.... Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.第二处：a改为an或one：考查冠词，因为hour音标的首字母是元音，所以应用an,故将a改为an或者
one。
第七处：Beside改为Besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，“在……旁边”，而这里需要一个连接词，故
将Beside改为Besides。
第八处：informations 改为 information：考查名词，information 是不可数名词，故将 informations 改为
information.
5.【2017 年新课标Ⅰ卷】This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a
method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart
disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. ....As 65 result, people will eat more
food to try to make up for that something missing.
61. as 考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示＂作为，以……身
份＂，故填as。
65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。
故填a。
6.【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】 The instructor kept repeating the word, ＂Speed up!＂ ＂Slow down!＂
第五处：word改为words 考查单复数。句意：教练一直喊＂加速！＂＂减速！＂＂左转！＂。word＂单
词，消息＂，words 可以表示为word的复数，也表示某人说的话，这里指教练说的那些话，故将
word改为words。
7. 【2017 年浙江卷】Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a
handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. ......For Pahlsson, its return was 65
wonder.
56. carrots 【解析】考查名词。根据＂a handful of ＂可知要用carrot的复数形式，故填carrots。
65. a 【解析】考查冠词。wonder是可数名词的单数形式，且此处表示泛指，因此其前应加不定冠词 a。故
填a。
2016
1. 【2016 年新课标Ⅰ卷】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new
hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).
The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being
bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum — she never suspects.
61. attraction 考查名词。 形容词top后面跟名词形式。69. days考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
70. the考查冠词。one …the other＂一个……另一个＂。
2. 【2016年新课标Ⅰ卷】 My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.
77. becoming前加of 固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。
78. the →a 固定短语：in a short period of time在短时间内。
3. 【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】 Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short
breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or
doing something you enjoy.
46. studies 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明,如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话,我们在工作中会变得高效
得 多。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,为复数形式,且study作"研究,调查"讲时为可数名词,
故主语应为复数。故填studies。
47. regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take,故填regularly"有规律地"。
48. a 考查冠词。固定短语for a while意为"一会儿"。
4.【2016年新课标Ⅱ卷】 If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot
get from books.
第六处：your→our 考查代词。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。句意：如果我们出国旅游，就能
拓宽我们的视野并学到书本上没有的知识。
7.knowledges→knowledge 考查名词单复数。knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
5. 【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 68 (develop) of chopsticks.
67.who
【解析】考查定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius(孔子)，定语从句中
缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
68.development
【解析】考查名词。the＋名词＋of…意为＂……的……＂，这里指＂筷子的发展＂，故填development。
6.【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the
best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
【答案解析】
第一处：year改为years。考查名词复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差，此处为复数概念，故用years。第二处：worse改为worst。考查形容词最高级。句中有表示范围的 in my life，同时应与前面的best保
持一致。
第三处：删除the。考查固定搭配。at first表示＂起初＂。
第四处：yourself改为myself。考查反身代词的一致性。由前面的代词I可知，此处应用myself。
7. 【2016年浙江卷】_________ prize for the winner of the competition is _________ two-week holiday in Paris.
A. The; 不填 B. A; 不填 C. A; the D. The; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两个星期。第一空填the，是特指“获胜者的奖品”，
用定冠词；第二空泛指“一个两周的假期”，用不定冠词a。故选A。
8.【2016年浙江卷】 It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your
_________.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为付晚了会影响你的信用。condition条件；income收入；credit学
分，信用（卡）；status地位。根据句意故选C。
8. 【2016年浙江卷】 When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well
years late. Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet her at the door.
【解析】
第一处：因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。
考点：考查名词单复数
第二处：late是形容词 “迟的”，或副词 “迟地”，但表示 “……时间以后” 要用 later。故late改成
later。
考点：考查副词
第三处：at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。故在at后面加the。
考点：考查冠词
第四处：根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成
him。
考点：考查代词
9. 【2016 年天津卷】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____________ of rain later
tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance【答案】D
【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影响；B.感觉；C.改变；D.机会，可能性。
故选D。
10.【2016年四川卷】Any smell might attract natural 6 5 (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.
65.enemies 句意：任何气味都可能引来天敌。天敌不止一个，应该用复数形式，故填enemies。
11. 【2016年四川卷】
Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. ... I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room
and I cooked in kitchen.
第一处：so→but 句意：妈妈有一个全职工作，但是她不得不做多数的家务。此处表示转折关系，故把
so改为but。
第二处：houseworks→housework housework是不可数名词，故把 houseworks改为housework。
第七处：在in和kitchen之间加the 句意：我在厨房里做饭。此处特指在厨房里，故在in和kitchen之间
加the。
12. 【2016年江苏卷】 —Can you tell us your _________ for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀，食谱，药方；record记录；range范围；receipt收据，收条。根
据句意可知A项＂秘诀＂符合题意。
13. 【2016年江苏卷】 —Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his _________, I am afraid.
A. Achilles’ heel B. child’s play C. green fingers D. last straw
【答案】A
【解析】考查谚语。Achilles’ heel唯一的致命的弱点；child’s play容易做的事情，轻而易举的事情；green
fingers搞园艺的才能；last straw最后一根稻草。句意：——杰克仍然情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。——
恐怕缺乏自信是他唯一的弱点。根据句意可知A项正确。
2015年
1.【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain
tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65 (painting).
Instead,64.that/which 句意: 滴江被许多艺术家所绘画。考查定语从句。先行词为 LiRiver，在从句中作主语
65.paintings 句意: 在如此多的中国绘画中。painting 为可数名词，注意用复数形式。66.by 向意: 乘汽车
只需要 1个小时。by car 乘汽车
2.【2015年新课标Ⅰ卷】 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
82. airs—air 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。
3. 【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】 In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their
63 (able) to “air condition” a house without 64 ( use) electric equipment.
63.ability 代词their后接名词，所以用able的名词形式ability.
64.using 介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。
4. 【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.
71.parent 改为 parents 看下文可知，是父母两个，所以用 parents。
5. 【2015年湖北卷】When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad fall.
A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place
【答案】A
【解析】句意: 男孩在追他哥哥时，重重地摔了一跤。A 项“平衡”; B项“机会”;C 项“记忆”;D项
“地方”。lose one's balance“失去平衡”。故选A项。
6.【2015年湖北卷】 He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他执行一项秘密任务时，给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项“情绪”；B项“才
能”；C项“身份”；D项“财富”。故选C项。
7【2015年江苏卷】 —Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
【答案】C
【解析】句意:一Dave，去跟你的妈妈道歉。一我想这样做，但是我担心她对我的道歉不满意。A 项“请
求”;B项“借口”;C项“道歉”; D 项“遗憾，后悔”。故选 C项。
8.【2015年陕西卷】 more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.
A. The ; the B. A; a C. The ; a D. A; the
【答案】A
【解析】句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚，使用the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A.
9.【2015年陕西卷】 Mum taught me some basic step of baking.
80.句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词，用复数steps。
10.【2015年四川卷】Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be Beethoven.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像…那样的人。故选择A，句意为：Brian在
创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。
11. 【2015年四川卷】As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.
62.tell-told 考查时态。根据时间状语 last time 可知，此句需要用一般过去时，故把 tell 改成 told。句意
为正如我上次告诉你的那样。
63.friend-friends 考查名词的复数。名词 friend 为可数名词，其前有 three 修饰，需要用复数形式，故把
friend 改成 friends。句意为: 我在这儿交了三个新朋友
12. 【2015年浙江卷】Jane's grandmother had wanted to write children’s book for many years, but
one thing or another always got in way.
A. a;不填 B. the;the C.不填;the D. a; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一
个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固
定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。
13.【2015 年浙江卷】 One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feelings with
someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. power
【答案】B
【解析】句意：一种最有效的减压方法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。A. production意为产品，
B. stress意为压力， C. energy意为能源， D. passive意为力量。此题考查的是4个名词的词义辨析，需
要正确理解该句的语义。根据常识可以知道，和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是 B. stress意为压
力
14.【2015年浙江卷】My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from
glass.
1.side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的 three，此处应该使用复数形式15.【2015年重庆卷】I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.
A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那
家银行，可知表示特指，用 the; 第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用 a。
16.【2015年江苏卷】 —Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s _______ .
A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut
【答案】B
【解析】句意:一为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会? 一你知道的，他是个令人扫兴的人。A 项“早
起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人)”; B 项“扫兴的人或物”” C 项“幸运儿”; D 项“手的事情，难对付的人”
故选B项。
2014年
1.【2014年新课标Ⅰ卷】 While there are_______68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us
the _______69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just
be_______70(patience)
[小题 8] amazing这里空格处应该用形容词，来修饰后面的名词，amazing 指今人吃惊的，amazed 指人感
到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故用 amazing。
[小题 9] changes.对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的
主语，根据谓语动词 are 可知主语应该是复数，故用 changes。
[小题 10] patient.需要的是耐心。patience“耐心”是名词，因为空格前有系动词 be，所以这里应该用形容
词 patient。
2.【2014年新课标Ⅰ卷】Although we allow tomato plants to grow
in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack
problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
【答案】
[小题 9] 英语中 although 是连词，but 是并列连词。所以不能同时用。所以把 but 改成 vet 或去掉
but。
[小题 10]tomatoes 是名词，应该用形容词来修饰。副词常常修饰动词。所以把 wonderfully 改为
wonderful.3.【2014年新课标Ⅱ卷】For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour
every day .
[小题 5] hour-*hours 考查名词单复数。We can do reading for one and a half hour.
4. 【2014年重庆卷】I can’t tell you _________ way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have _________ Wilson
here in the village.
A. the; a B. a; / C. a: the D. the; /
【答案】A
【解析】去威尔逊家的道路是特定的，故选择定冠词；本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。叫威尔逊的人有很多，
不具有唯一性，故选择不定冠词。A项正确。
考点：考查冠词的用法。
5.【2014年浙江卷】 The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days ______ week, often long into
______night.
A. a; the B. the; 不填 C. a; a D. 不填；the
【答案】A
【解析】第一空 a 表示“每一”; into the nit 到深夜，句意: 我的论文下个月就要交，我现在一周工作七
天，还经常熬夜到深夜。故选 A。
6.【2014年浙江卷】We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises
【答案】B
【解析】A.attempt尝试；B. request请求；C.doubts怀疑；D.promises承诺。句意：对于我们认识和喜欢的
人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选B。
7.【2014年浙江卷】 Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.
【小题9】strangers—stranger
【小题9】strangers—stranger.他们很快地给这位陌生人提供帮助。这里stranger指的是找票的那个人，是一
个人，所以应该用单数。
8. 【2014年天津卷】Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
【答案】A
【解析】句意：风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。source 资源；sense感觉、意识；result结果；root
根源。结合语境可知选A。
9.【2014年天津卷】 Life is like ________ ocean; Only ________strong-willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the B. the; a C. the; / D. /; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意：生活就像一片海；只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean海洋，是可数名词，又是
元音开头，所以用an；strong-willed是形容词，前面用the 表一类。又如。the injured伤员。所以选A。
考点：考查冠词。
10. 【2014年四川卷】 If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.
Stay close to your teacher and classmate.
【小题3】wait 后加 for 。考查短语搭配。and wait your teacher to lead you outside 。固定短语：wait
for“等待”，其中wait是不及物动词，如后面有宾语，则加介词for。
【小题4】classmate ---classmates 。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此
处是指许多同学们，应该用复数形式，把classmate改为classmates。
11. 【2014年陕西卷】________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。第一空后的名词后有where引导的定语从句，故应是特指，用the；第二空表示一个城
镇，故填不定冠词a。故选A。
12【2014年辽宁卷】Dear Jeremy and Alice，
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to
understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.
[小题 2] 句意:我们已经几次打电话关于 Cleo 的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的 time 是可数名词，表示“次数
改成 times。
[小题 3] 句意:很难想象她为什么在外面每分钟都会吠叫。这里使用了句型: It istadi.+to do sth，to 后面接
动词原形，understanding 改成 understand。
13. 【2014年江西卷】They chose Tom to be _________ captain of the team because they knew he was
_________ smart leader.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
【答案】C
【解析】Captain后跟了个介词短语of the team作定语，表特指；后一空表类型（一个聪明的领导者），因
此C选项正确。句意为“ 他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长，那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。”
14. 【2014年江苏卷】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last
year’s election.A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue
【答案】A考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。A. symbol 象征，标志;B. portrait 肖像，C.identity 身份，
特征D.statue 塑像，雕像。句意:两年前她被软禁，但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A
正确。
15.【2014年湖北卷】 Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
【答案】A
【解析】A项表示“动力，激励”；B项为“资格”；C项是“才能，天赋”；D项表示“技巧”。句意
上“她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利”。故选A。
考点：考查名词辨析及语境理解。
16. 【2014年湖北卷】When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s face turned
red at the unexpected ______.
A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution
【答案】C
【解析】句意上，Joan 听见 Richard 的出乎意外的话脸变红，而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可亲和漂亮
了”明显是夸赞之言，C 项表示的就是“恭维，赞美”，故选 C。A 项表示的是“命令，要求”; B 项表
示“比较”D 项表示“贡献”，句意上都不符合。“com-的前缀和 con-的前缀单词一直是高考的重点和
难点。
17. 【2014年福建卷】—Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick
【解析】这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”。Feature特征；plan计划；cost花费；trick
诀窍，所以选D。句意：上文，你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗？下文，好吧，我就是按照烹饪书上
的说明做的。
